MAMMALS 
and OTHER WILDLIFE
in Brazil
and in nearby Uruguay

Those during 
Focus On Nature Tours 
in Brazil, 1992 thru 2015 
noted with an (*) 

Focus On Nature Tours in Brazil 
have been during the months of 
February, March, May, July, 
August, September, and October

The following list of Mammals of Brazil compiled by Armas Hill


UPPER RIGHT PHOTO: A MANED WOLF   

Codes:

Threatened species of mammals, designated in CITES:
(t1): critically endangered   
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(ti): threatened (but with status indeterminate)


(BRe):  species endemic to Brazil
(BRi):  species introduced into Brazil 

AF:    the Alta Floresta and Rio Cristalino areas (mostly Amazonian) in northern Mato Grosso state
AM:   Amazonas state, mostly in the area of Manaus   
BR:    Brasilia
ES:    Espiritu Santo state
IG:     the area of Iguacu Falls
MN:   Minas Gerais state
MS:   Mato Grosso do Sul state, including the southern Pantanal 
MT:   Mato Grosso state, excluding Alta Floresta/Rio Cristalino  (including the northern Pantanal, 
         Chapada dos Guimaraes, Serra das Araras, and the Jardim da Amazonia, in central MT near the Rio Claro)
RS:    Rio Grande do Sul in far-southern Brazil 
SE:    southeast Brazil (in the states of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo, including the areas of Itatiaia National Park, and
         Cubatao, Ubatuba, Angra dos Reis, and Cabo Frio along the coast) 

UG:    in Uruguay, near Rio Grande do Sul 

(ph):  species with a PHOTO IN THE FONT WEB-SITE



FOR A NUMBER OF MAMMALS BELOW, BRAZILIAN NAMES ARE GIVEN BENEATH THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES, AFTER "BR:"

AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES FOLLOW THE MAMMALS. FOR THEM, BRAZILIAN NAMES ARE ALSO GIVEN BENEATH THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES, AFTER "BR:"



During the FONT Brazil Tour in Mato Grosso do Sul during September 2006, mammals seen during one night's "safari" included: a JAGUAR, 7 OCELOTS, a PANTANAL CAT, a MANED WOLF, 2 BRAZILIAN TAPIRS, and a number of GIANT ANTEATERS in addition to MARSH DEER, BROCKET DEER, YELLOW ARMADILLO, TAPITI (or BRAZILIAN RABBIT), many CAPYBARAS, CRAB-EATING FOX, CRAB-EATING RACCOON, and various BATS (along with an assortment of nocturnal birds: OWLS & NIGHTJARS).

Some of the FONT group participants in September 2006
who saw the animals & birds noted above.

Links to Mammal Groupings in this list:

Armadillos   Anteaters   Sloths   Porcupines   Agoutis & Paca   Capybara   

Cats   Foxes & other canines   Otters & allies   Coatis & Raccoon   Bats

Marmosets & Tamarins   New World Monkeys   Dolphins   Peccaries   Deer   Tapir   

Other links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Brazil    Upcoming FONT Tours Elsewhere

FONT Brazil Past Tour Highlights    Photo Galleries & Narratives from past FONT tours

A List & Photo Gallery of Brazil Birds, in 3 parts (1,718 species): 
Part 1: Tinamous to Doves     Part 2: Macaws to Flycatchers     
Part 3: Antshrikes to Woodcreepers    Part 4: Vireos to Grosbeaks   

Other Lists & Photo Galleries of:    
Mammals    Birds    Butterflies    Amphibians, Reptiles  

Directory of Photos in this Website

Mammals:

         AMERICAN OPOSSUMS - Family Didelphidae

1. White-eared Opossum (*) (ph)  ______ AF, SE, UG  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge) 
   Didelphis albiventris 
   BR: Gamba de Orelha Branca
   
   
   
   A White-eared Opossum photographed during a FONT tour
   (photo by Bob Enever in October 2010)
    
   
2. Big-eared Opossum  (*)  ______  SE  (in southeastern Brazil, northeast Argentina in Missiones, and in Paraguay, in forests)
   Didelphis aurita  (was at one time considered a population of Didelphis marsupialis)
   
   
3. Guianan White-eared Opossum  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
   Didelphis imperfecta
   
   
4. Brown-eared Woolly Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northeast Argentina in Misiones, in forest)
   Caluromys lanatus
   
   
5. Bare-tailed Woolly Opossum  ______  (from Venezuela to eastern Brazil, in rainforest and plantations)
   Caluromys philander
   
   
6. Black-shouldered Opossum  ______  (in western Brazil and eastern Peru, in rainforest in the Amazon basin) 
   Caluromysiops irrupta
   
   
7. Bushy-tailed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, in lowland rainforest in the Amazon basin)
   Glironia venusta
   
   
8. Water Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina in misiones, locally in hill forest streams and rivers)
   Chironectes minimus
   
   
9. Gray Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina, in lowland forest and gardens)
   Philander opossum
   
   
10. McIlhenny's Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian brazil and northeast Peru, in rainforest)
    Philander mcilhennyi 
    
    
11. Southeastern (or Bridled) Four-eyed Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in forest)
    Philander frenata
    BR: Cuica-de-quatro-olhos
    
    
12. Anderson's Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru, in lowland rainforest)
    Philander andersoni
    
    
13. Brown Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina in misiones, in forest and forest edge)
    Metachirus nudicaudatus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
14. Northern Three-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, in Atlantic Forest from Para to Santa Catarina, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones)  
    Monodelphis americana
    
    
15. Northern Red-sided Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge) 
    Monodelphis brevicaudata
    
    
16. Yellow-sided Opossum  ______  (in central & southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeast Argentina, in grassland and marshes) 
    Monodelphis dimidiata
    
    
17. Long-nosed Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil from Espiritu Santo to Santa Catarina, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in lowland Atlantic Forest)  
    Monodelphis scalops
    
    
18. Southern Red-sided Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and in southern Paraguay and northeast Argentina, in Atlantic Forest)
    Monodelphis sorex
    
    
19. Southern Threee-striped Opossum  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and in Peru) 
    Monodelphis theresa 
    
    
20. Gray Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, and Bolivia and Paraguay, in dry savannas, scrub, caatinga, and gardens)
    Monodelphis domestica
    BR: Cuica-de-rabo-curto
    
    
21. Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in central Brazil, north to the river Amazonas, and in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia, in lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin)
    Monodelphis emiliae 
    
    
22. Ihering's Three-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Monodelphis iheringi
    
    
23. Pygmy Short-tailed Opossum  (t2)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and Bolivia, in forest and regrowth areas - there are very few records)
    Monodelphis kunsi
    
    
24. Marajo Short-tailed Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in Para, on Marajo and Caldeirao Islands)
    Monodelphis maraxina
    
    
25. Chestnut-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, from Goias to Sao Paulo, in forest)
    Monodelphis rubida
    
    
26. Red Three-striped Opossum  (t3) (BRe)  ______
    Monodelphis umbristriata
    
    
27. One-striped Opossum  (t1)  ______  (in the Itarare region of Sao Paulo)
    Monodelphis unistriata
    
    Monodelphis unistriata is possibly extinct. It is only known from a specimen collected prior to 1842. 
    
    
28. Lutrine Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, by streams and lagoons)
    Lutreolina crassicaudata  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
29. Dwarf Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in interior east-central Brazil, in cerrado and caatinga habitats) 
    Thylamys velutinus
    
    
30. Karimi's Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  (t3) (BRe)  ______  (in central & northeastern Brazil, in cerrado and caatinga)
    Thylamys karimii
    
    
31. Long-tailed Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  ______  (in southern Brazil and Paraguay)
    Thylamys macrurus
    
    
32. Rufous Mouse Opossum  ______  (from eastern Colombia & Suriname to southern Brazil, very locally in forest)
    Marmosa lepida
    
    
33. Linnaeus's Mouse Opossum  (ph)  ______  (has been called the Murine Mouse Opossum  (from Colombia to southeast Brazil, in forest, roadside brush, and gardens) 
    Marmosa murina
    
    
    
    A Linneaus's Mouse-Opossum photographed during a FONT tour 
    This little animal has been in the nest of an Hornero.
    
    
34. Dorothy's Slender Mouse-Opossum  ______  (from southern Amazonian Brazil to central Bolivia, in dense thickets in forest)
    Marmosa dorothea
    
    
35. Gray Slender Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Forest from Bahia to Parana) 
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) incanus
    BR: Cuica, or Marmosa
    
    
36. Neblina Slender Opossum  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, and in Venezuela and eastern Ecuador, in both montane and lowland forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) neblina
    
    
37. White-bellied Slender Opossum  ______  (in the Amazon basin of western Brazil, eastern Ecuador, eastern peru, and Bolivia, in swamps and riparian habitats in forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) noctivaga
    
    
38. Delicate Slender Opossum ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil, in primary terra firme forest of the Amazon forest) 
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) parvidens
    
    
39. Brazilian Slender Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, from southern Minas Gerais to Sao Paulo, in montane Atlantic Forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) paulensis
    
    
40. Pinheiro's Slender Opossum  ______  (species described in 1981; occurs in far-northeastern Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela)
    Marmosops pinheiroi 
    
    
41. Agile Gracile Opossum  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, and in eastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina, in forest) 
    Gracilinanus agilis
    BR: Catita, or Guaiquica
    
    
42. Agricola's Gracile Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (only a few known individuals in Ceara)
    Cryptonanus agricolai
    
    
43. Brazilian Gracile Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil, from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in Atlantic Forest and regrowth areas) 
    Gracilinanus microtarsus 
    
    
44. Emilia's Gracile Opossum  ______  (in northeast Brazil, and in Colombia, Suriname, and French Guiana, in lowland forest - there are very few records)
    Gracilinanus emiliae
    
    
45. Woolly Mouse Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina in Misiones, in forest and gardens) 
    Micoureus demerarae
    
    
46. Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse-Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to central Amazonian Brazil, in forest and gardens)
    Micoureus regina 
    
    
47. White-bellied Woolly Mouse Opossum  ______  (from southern Brazil and eastern Bolivia to northwest Argentina, in mid-elevation forest) 
    Micoureus constantiae   
    
    
    ARMADILLOS - Family Dasypodiidae
    
    
48. Southern Long-nosed Armadillo  ______  (in southern Brazil, and in southern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay, in grasslands)
    Dasypus hybridus
    
    
49. Great Long-nosed Armadillo  ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, in from eastern Colombia to Suriname and south to Peru, in forest)
    Dasypus kappieri
    
    
50. Nine-banded (or Common Long-nosed) Armadillo (*) (ph)  ______ MS, MT  (from the southern USA south to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in forests, savannas, llanos, and caatinga)    
    Dasypus novemcinctus
    BR: Tatu-galinha
    
    
    
    Nine-banded Armadillo
    
    
51. Seven-banded Armadillo  ______  (in southeastern Amazonian & eastern Brazil, and in Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, in grassland and forest)
    Dasypus septemcinctus
    
    
52. Six-banded (or Yellow) Armadillo (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT  (in northeast & north-central Brazil south to Bolivia, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, also eastern Suriname; in rainforest and savannas)
    Euphractus sexcinctus  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Tatu-peba
    
    
    
    Six-banded Armadillo
    
    
53. Southern Three-banded Armadillo  ______  (from south-central Brazil to central Argentina, also in southeastern Bolivia; in dry areas)
    Tolypeutes matacus
    
    
54. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Bahia, Ceara, and pernambuco, in cerraqdo and caatinga) 
    Tolypeutes tricinctus
    
    
55. Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and in southeastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay, in open areas)
    Cabassous tatouay
    
    
56. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in forest and savannas)
    Cabassous unicinctus
    
    
57. Giant Armadillo  (t2) (ph)  ______  (from Venezuela south to northern Argentina, in forests and savannas)  
    Priodontes maximus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    Giant Armadillo
    
    
    AMERICAN ANTEATERS - Family Myrmecophagidae (includes Cyclopedidae)
    
    
58. Giant Anteater (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MN, MS, MT  (from southern Costa Rica, where rare if it still exists, south to Paraguay and northern Argentina, formerly in Uruguay and north to Guatemala, in grasslands, savannas, and forest)   
    Myrmecophaga tridactyla  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Tamandua Bandeira
    
    
    
    The above Giant Anteater was photographed at night during our Brazil Tour 
    in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006. 
    We saw a nice number of these animals both day & night.
    In the photo, the head of the anteater is to the right, with its long nose 
    toward the ground as the animal feeds. Note the small ear.  
    (Above photo by Andy Smith)
    Below is another photograph of a Giant Anteater, walking in open countryside 
    of Brazilian grassland.
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     
    
    
59. Southern Tamandua  (or Collared Anteater)  (ti) (*) ______  MT  (from Venezuela and French Guiana south to northern Argentina and Uruguay, in forest, savannas, and grasslands)
    Tamandua tetradactyla
    BR: Tamandua-de-colete or Mambira or Tamandua Mirim
    
    
60. Silky Anteater  ______  (from Mexico south to central Brazil, in rainforest and regrowth areas)
    Cyclopes didactylus  
    
    
    TWO-TOED SLOTHS - Family Megalonychidae
    
    
61. Linnaeus's (or Southern) Two-toed Sloth  ______  (from Colombia south to Amazonian Brazil and Peru, in forest)
    Choloepus didactylus
    
    
62. Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth  (ph)  ______  (from Honduras south to western Amazonian Brazil, and to Peru and eastern Bolivia, in forest and regrowth areas)
    Chlorepus hoffmanni
    
    
    THREE-TOED SLOTHS - Family Bradypodidae
    
    
63. Pale-throated Three-toed Sloth (*) ______  AM  (in Amazonian Brazil south to the River Negro, and along both banks of the lower River Amazonas, also from eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, in forest) 
    Bradypus tridactylus
    BR: Preguica de bentinho  
    
    
64. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth  ______  (from Honduras to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas)
    Bradypus variegatus 
    
    
65. Maned Three-toed Sloth (t2) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______ SE  (from Bahia to Sao Paulo, in remnant patches of Atlantic Forest)
    Bradypus torquatus
    BR:  Preguica de coleira
    
    
    
    A rare Maned Three-toed Sloth.
    Bradypus torquatus,
    clinging on the trunk of a Cecropia Tree
    (photographed by Marie Gardner during the FONT March '08 Brazil Tour)
     
    
    RABBITS - Family Leporidae
    
    
66. Forest Rabbit (*)  ______ MN, MS, MT  (also called Tapeti, and Brazilian Rabbit)
    Sylvilagus (formerly Tapeti) brasiliensis
    BR: Coelho
    
    
67. European Hare (i) (*) ______ RS, UG
    Lepus europaeus
    
      
    SQUIRRELS - Family Sciuridae
    
    
68. Guianan Squirrel (*) (ph)  ______  IG, MN, SE  (also called Brazilian Squirrel)
    Sciurus (formerly Guerlinguetus) aestuans ingrami  (subspecies in se Brazil)
    BR: Esquilo, or Caxinguele
    
    
    
    A Guianan, or Brazilian, Squirrel photographed during the October 2009 FONT tour in Brazil  
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
69. Yellow-throated Squirrel  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil)
    Sciurus (formerly Guerlinguetus) gilvigularis
    
    
70. Bolivian Squirrel  ______  (in southwestern Brazil)
    Sciurus (formerly Guerlinguetus) ignitus
    
    
71. Northern Amazonian Red Squirrel  ______  (in northwestern Brazil)
    Sciurus (formerly Urosciurus) igniventris 
    
    
72. Southern Amazonian Red Squirrel (*) ______  AF, AM
    Sciurus (formerly Urosciurus) spadiceus
    BR: Esquilo
    
    
73. Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel  ______
    Sciurillus pusillus
    
    
74. Amazon Dwarf Squirrel  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
    Microsciurus flaviventer
    
    
75. Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel  (*)  ______  am
    Sciurillus pusillus
    
    
    NEW WORLD RATS & MICE & allies - Family Cricetidae
    
    
76. Brazilian Arboreal Mouse (t2) (BRe) ______  (another name has been Rufescent Rhagomys)  (very few records from the states of Minas Gerais & Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil) 
    Rhagomys rufescens  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
77. Web-footed Marsh Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, and east-central Argentina, in lowland marshes)
    Holochilus brasiliensis
    
    
78. Wagner's Marsh Rat  (or Common Marsh Rat) (*)  ______  (from Venezuela south to Bolivia and central Brazil, in rice and sugar cane fields, and wetland habitats)
    Holochilus sciureus
    
    
79. Brasilia Mouse (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region) (another name has been Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse)
    Microakodontomys transitorius
    
    
80. Guianan (or North Amazonian) Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (from southeast Venezuela, French Guiana, south to the Amazon River in central Amazonian Brazil, in forests)
    Oecomys auyantepui
    
    
81. Bicolored Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, in lowland forests and savannas)
    Oceomys bicolor
    
    
82. Cleber's Arboreal Rice Rat (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region, only known from the type locality)
    Oecomys cleberi
    
    
83. Unicolored Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in northwest Brazil, eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northern Bolivia, in lowland forests and clearings)
    Oecomys concolor
    
    
84. Mamore Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in southwest Brazil, northern Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia) 
    Oecomys mamorae
    
    
85. Brazilian Arboreal Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in forests south of the Amazon River in central Amazonian Brazil)
    Oecomys paricola
    
    
86. King Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in northern Brazil, eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas)
    Oecomys rex
    
    
87. Robert's Arboreal Rice Rat  ______ (in the Amazon basin from the Guianas and southern Venezuela to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia)
    Oecomys roberti
    
    
88. Trinidad Arboreal Rice Rat  ______
    Oecomys trinitatis
    
    
89. Rio Jurua Spiny Mouse  ______  (in the Amazon basin in western Brazil and eastern Ecuador)
    Scolomys juruaense  
    
    
90. Ruschi's Rat  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais and Espiritu Santo, in forests; very few records)
    Abrawayaomys ruschii
    
    
91. Delomys collinus  ______
    
    
92. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil and extreme northeast Argentina, in forest)
    Delomys dorsalis
    
    
93. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Coastal Forest)  
    Delomys sublineatus
    
    
94. Juliomys anoblepas  (now extinct)  ______
    
    
95. Juliomys ossitenuis  ______
    
    
96. Short-haired Julio Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina in Misiones, in dense forest) 
    Juliomys pictipes  
    
    
97. Long-haired Julio Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Serra de Mantiqueira at Brejo de Lapa)
    Juliomys rimofrons
    
    
98. Emmon's Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, in Para, in the area of the Xingu River)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) emmonsae
    
    
99. Buffy-sided Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the area of the Jordas River) (was called the Monster Rice Rat)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) lamia
    
    
100. MacConnell's Rice Rat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to Suriname and Peru, in lowland rainforest)
     Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) macconnelli
     
     
101. Elegant Rice Rat  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and from eastern Ecuador to northwest Argentina, in lowland forest and regrowth areas) 
     Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) nitidus
     
     
102. Russet Rice Rat  ______  (in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeast Argentina)
     Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) russatus
     
     What was Oryzomys kelloggi, the Kellogg's Rice Rat, is now part of Euryoryzomys russatus. Oryzomys kelloggi was said to occur in Minas Gerais in the region of the Fazenda Sao Geraldo.
     
     
103. Brazilian Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______
     Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) laticeps  (change of genus for this & other species in this group in 2005)
     
     What was Oryzomys seuanezi, the Seuanez's Rice Rat, is now part of Hylaeamys laticeps. 
     
     
104. Large-headed Rice Rat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, also from eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, and south to Paraguay, in lowland forest)
     Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) megacephalus  
     
     
105. Sowbug Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Pernambuco, in the Sao Torenzo region)
     Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) oniscus  
     
     
106. Western Amazonian (or Allen's) Rice Rat  ______  (in western Amazonia, in western Brazil, southeast Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia)
     Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) perenensis
     
     
107. Cerradomys langguthi  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2008; was part of Cerradomys subflavus) 
     
     
108. Maracaju Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in Bolivia, Paraguay, and nearby Brazil and Peru)
     Cerradomys (formerly Oryzomys) maracajuensis
     
     
109. Marinho's Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2003; only in cerrado habitat in the state of Goias, in Jaborandi, at the Fazenda Sertao de Formoso (formerly Jucurutu)  
     Cerradomys (formerly Oryzomys) marinhus
     
     
110. Lindbergh's Rice Rat  ______  (recently described in 2002; occurs in south-central Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay) 
     Cerradomys (formerly Oryzomys) scotti
     
     
111. Terraced Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in dry forests of eastern Brazil; in the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Goias)
     Cerradomys (formerly Oryzomys) subflavus
     
     
112. Cerradomys vivoi  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2008; was part of Cerradomys subflavus) (occurs in eastern Brazil, in Bahia, Goias, and Sergipe)
     
     
113. Paraguayan Rice Rat  ______  (in southern Brazil, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay, in forest and cerrado)
     Sooretamys (formerly Oryzomys) angouya  (the change of genus was in 2006) 
     
     
114. Chacoan Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in west-central Brazil, Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina, in grasslands, thorn scrub, and forest in the Gran Chaco region)
     Oligoryzomys chacoensis
     
     
115. Brazilian Pygmy Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______   (in central & southeast Brazil)
     Oligoryzomys eliurus
     
     
116. Yellow Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, and northeast Argentina, in marshes and riparian habitats)
     Oligoryzomys flavescens
     
     
117. Fulvous Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (from Mexico to northern Brazil, in forest clearings and regrowth areas)
     Oligoryzomys fulvescens
     
     
118. Small-eared Pygmy Rat Rat  ______  (from central Brazil south to Paraguay & northern Argentina, in forest edge & regrowth areas)
     Oligoryzomys microtis
     
     
119. Oligoryzomys moojeni  ______
     
     
120. Black-footed Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay, in forests, regrowth areas, and farmland) 
     Oligoryzomys nigripes 
     
     
121. Oligoryzomys ripestris  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2005; known at 2 localities: at Chapada Diamantinha in the state of Bahia, and Chapada dos Veadeiros in the state of Goias) 
     
     
122. Straw-colored Pygmy Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (at Terezina de Goias, in Goias)
     Oligoryzomys stramineus   
     
     
123. Dubost's Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Amapa in northeast Brazil, and southeast Suriname & French Guiana)
     Neacomys dubosti
     
     
124. Guiana Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Amazonian Brazil, and southern Venezuela to Suriname)
     Neacomys guianae
     
     
125. Jurua Bristly Mouse  (or Small Bristly Mouse)  (BRe)  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, in primary rainforest)
     Neacomys minutus
     
     
126. Manu Bristly Mouse  (or Musser's Bristly Mouse)  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, in primary rainforest)
     Neacomys musseri
     
     
127. Negro Bristly Mouse  (or Paracou Bristly Mouse)   ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, in primary rainforest)
     Neacomys paracou
     
     
128. Northern (or Common) Bristly Mouse  ______  (in central Brazil, and from eastern Colombia to eastern Bolivia, in lowlands in the Amazon basin)
     Neacomys spinosus
     
     
129. Narrow-footed Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, Colombia, northeast Venezuela, and eastern Ecuador, in dense rainforest)
     Neacomys tenuipes
     
     
130. Short-tailed Cane Rat  (or Common Cane Mouse)  ______  (from Costa Rica to northern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland marshes, grassland, and farmland)
     Zygodontomys brevidauda
     
     
131. Brazilian False Rice Rat  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, northeast Argentina, Paraguay, and southeast Bolivia, in lowland alluvial grasslands)  
     Pseudoryzomys simplex
     
     
132. Lund's Amphibious Rat  (or Greater Marsh Rat)  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sol, and Uruguay, in dense reedbeds and wet grasslands) 
     Lundomys molitor
     
     
133. Greater Wilfred's Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil south to central Uruguay, in dense forest)  
     Wilfredomys oenax
     
     
134. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in the Rio de Janeiro region, known only from the holotype specimen collected in the 19th Century)  
     Phaenomys ferrugineus 
     
     
135. Gardner's Climbing Mouse  ______
     Rhipidomys gardneri
     
     
136. White-footed Climbing Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, southern Venezuela and French Guiana south to Peru, in lowland rainforest) 
     Rhipidomys leucodactylus
     
     
137. MacConnell's Climbing Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil and southeast Venezuela and western Guyana, in submontane forest)
     Rhipidomys macconnelli
     
     
138. Long-tailed Climbing Mouse  _____  (in central and eastern Brazil)
     Rhipidomys mastacalis
     
     
139. Splendid Climbing Mouse  ______  (in north-central Brazil and southern Venezuela and French Guiana) 
     Rhipidomys nitela  
     
     
140. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2005; known only from 1 locality in Bahia)
     Wiedomys cerradensis 
     
     
141. Red-nosed Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern and southeastern Brazil from Ceara to Rio Grande do Sul, in dry deciduous forest and scrub in cerrado and caatinga)
     Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos
     
     
142. Azara's Grass Mouse (*) ______  SE  (in southern Brazil, Uruguay, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia, in thorn scrub, grassland, and marshes) 
     Akodon azarai
     
     
143. Cursor Grass Mouse  ______  (in central & southern Brazil, Uruguay, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay, in forest and savannas)
     Akodon cursor  
     BR: Rato-de-chao
     
     
144. Kemp's Grass Mouse  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and in east-central Argentina & Uruguay, in wet grasslands and riparian habitats) 
     Akodon (formerly Deltamys) kempi
     
     
145. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region)
     Akodon lindberghi
     
     
146. Montane Grass Mouse  ______  (in Brazil from eastern Mato Grosso do Sul to the coast; in southeast Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and in gallery forests in Minas Gerais and Goias; also in eastern Paraguay and northeast Argentina)
     Akodon montensis 
     
     
147. Caparao Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, on Mt. Caparao)
     Akodon mystax
     
     
148. Blackish Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, and southeast Paraguay, in forest)
     Akodon nigrita
     
     
149. Parana Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and northeast Misiones in Argentina)
     Akodon paranaensis
     
     
150. Reig's Grass Mouse  ______  (recently described in 1998; occurs in Uruguay and in extreme southern Brazil in Rio Grande do Sul)
     Akodon reigi
     
     
151. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Sao Paulo state on the north bank of the rivers Juquia and Eta)
     Akodon sanctipaulensis
     
     
152. Serra do Mar Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and Misiones in northeast Argentina, in forest) 
     Akodon serrensis
     
     
153. Northern Grass Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, eastern Colombia, and Venezuela, in forest, regrowth areas, and clearings)
     Akodon urichi
     
     
154. Hairy-tailed Bolo Mouse  ______  (in central & southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Misiones in northeast Argentina, in forest edge, grasslands, and cerrado) 
     Nectomys (formerly Bolomys) lasiurus    
     BR: Rato-do-mato
     
     
155. Amazonian Nectomys  ______  (recently described in 2000; in Brazil, Colombia, the Guianas, and Venezuela, in forest, cerrado, and caatinga) 
     Nectomys rattus  
     
     
156. Atlantic Forest Nectomys  (has been called Scaly-footed Water Rat)  ______  (from Colombia south to northeast Argentina and southeast Brazil, in forest, riparian habitats, and farmland)
     Nectomys squamipes
     
     
157. Cerrado Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the cerrado in central Brazil) (has been called Cerrado Akodont)
     Thalpomys cerradensis
     
     
158. Hairy-eared Cerrado Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the cerrado of central Brazil)  (has been called Hairy-eared Akodont)
     Thalpomys lasiotis
     
     
159. Brazilian Shrew Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central & southeast Brazil, from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, in deep litter in montane rainforest)
     Blarinomys breviceps
     
     
160. White-nosed Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
     Brucepattersonius albinasus
     
     
161. Gray-bellied Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
     Brucepattersonius griserufescens
     
     
162. Red-bellied Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
     Brucepattersonius igniventris
     
     
163. Iherling's Hocicudo  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and in northeast Argentina)
     Brucepattersonius iheringi
     
     
164. Soricine Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
     Brucepattersonius soricinus
     
     
165. Amazonian Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, in the area of the lower Tapajos River)      
     Oxymycterus amazonicus
     
     
166. Angular Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, in Pernambuco)
     Oxymycterus angularis
     
     
167. Caparao Hocicudo  (BRe) (*)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Caparao region)
     Oxymycterus caparaoe
     
     
168. Hispid Hocicudo  ______  (in eastern Brazil and Misiones in Argentina)
     Oxymycterus hispidus
     
     
169. Long-nosed Hocicudo  ______  (in southeast Brazil & Uruguay)
     Oxymycteus nasutus
     
     
170. Robert's Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Jordao River region)
     Oxymycterus roberti
     
     
171. Red Hocicudo  ______  (in southeast Brazil, southeast Paraguay, northeast & east-central Argentina, and Uruguay, in wet grasslands, riparian habitats, and scrub) 
     Oxymycterus rufus
     
     
172. Candango Mouse  (BRe)  (now extinct)  ______  (in the Brasilia region) 
     Juscelinomys candango  
     
     The name for the genus Juscelinomys was derived from that of the Brazilian president Juselino Kubitschek de Oliveira who created the city of Brasilia, where Juseclinomys candango was found in 1965. Subsequently, however, its habitat was overtaken by urban sprawl, and the species is now presumed to be extinct.    
     
     Two other species in the Juscelinomys genus occur in Bolivia, in addition to the species listed here. 
     
     
173. Molelike Mouse (like Juscelinomys candango, it has also been called the Brasilia Burrowing Mouse) (t3) (BRe)  ______  (there seems to be some vagueness in the literature as to this and the preceding species)
     Juscelinomys vulpinus  
     
     
174. Juscelinomys talpinus  (BRe) ______  (known only from subfossil remains)
     
     
175. Large Vesper Mouse  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, farmland, and riparian habitats)
     Calomys callosis
     
     
176. Calomys cerqueirai  (BRe)  ______  (known only at 2 places in Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa & Capitao Andrade; the karyotype was first described in 1996, and the species was formally named in 2010)
     
     
177. Caatinga Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast & central Brazil, from Piaui and Ceara southwest through Goias and Minas Gerais; it is found in both cerrado (savanna) and caatinga (thorny scrub) habitats) (another name has been Rejected Vesper Mouse)
     Calomys expulsus
     
     
178. Small Vesper Mouse  ______  (in west-central & southeast Brazil, southeast Bolivia, Paraguay, northeast & eat-central Argentina, and Uruguay, in savannas and grasslands)
     Calomys laucha
     
     
179. Delicate Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil)
     Calomys tener   ______
     BR: Rato-do-mato
     
     
180. Tocantins Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2003; in the Brazilian states of Goias, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins, in transitional areas between Amazon forest and cerrado)  
     Calomys tocantinsi 
     
     
181. Gray Leaf-eared Mouse  ______
     Graomys griseoflavus
     
     
182. Alston's Cotton Rat  ______  (in northern Brazil and from Colombia to Suriname, in lowland grasslands)
     Sigmodon alstoni
     
     
183. Waterhouse's Swamp Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, northeast & east-central Argentina, and Paraguay, in flooded grasslands and salt marshes)
     Scapteromys tumidus
     
     
184. Fossorial Giant Rat  ______  (in east-central Brazil and north-central Argentina, in marshes)
     Kunsia fronto
     
     
185. Woolly Giant Rat  ______  (in west-central Brazil and northeast Bolivia, in deeps soils)
     Kunsia tomentosus
     
     
186. Large-lipped Crimson-nosed Rat  ______
     Bibimys labiosus0
     
     
     TRUE MICE & RATS - Subfamily Murinae
     
     
187. Western House Mouse (i) (*) ______  SE  (was conspecific with the Eastern House Mouse, native to Eurasia, Mus musculus) 
     Mus domesticus 
     BR: Cachita
     
     
188. Brown Rat (i) (*) ______  AM, RS  (has also been called "Norway Rat")
     Rattus norvegicus
     
     
     NEW WORLD PORCUPINES - Family Erethizontidae
     
     
189. Brazilian Porcupine (*) ______  MT  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
     Coendou prehensilis
     BR: Ourico-cacheiro, or Porco-espinho
     
     
190. Black Dwarf Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Koopman's Porcupine)
     Coendou nycthemera
     
     
191. Bahia Hairy Dwarf Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Bahia Dwarf Porcupine)
     Spiggurus (formerly Coendon) insidiosus
     
     
192. Black-tailed Hairy Dwarf Porcupine  ______
     Spiggurus (formerly Coendou) melanurus 
     
     
193. Van Roosmalens' Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Roosmalen's Dwarf Porcupine)
     Spiggurus (formerly Coendou) roosmalenorum
     
     
194. South American (or Paraguaian) Tree Porcupine  ______  
     Spiggurus (formerly Coendon) spinosus
     
     
195. Orange-spined Porcupine  (BRe)  ______
     Spiggurus (formerly Coendou) villosus
     
     
196. Bristle-spined Porcupine  ______
     Chaetomys subspinosus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     AGOUTIS & PACAS - Family Agoutidae
     
     
197. Red Acouchi  ______
     Myoprocta acouchy
     
     
198. Green Acouchi  ______
     Myoprocta pratti  (formerly exilis)
     
     
199. Azara's Agouti (*) ______  IG, MS, MT
     Dasyprocta azarae
     BR: Cutia
     
     
200. Black Agouti  ______
     Dasyprocta fuliginosa
     
     
201. Brazilian Agouti (*) (ph)  ______  AF, AM, MN  (was called Red-rumped Agouti)
     Dasyprocta leporina (formerly agouti)
     BR: Cutia
     
     
202. Black-rumped Agouti  (BRe)  ______
     Dasyprocta prymnolopha
     
     
203. Lowland Paca (*) ______ af,mn,mt  (also called Spotted Paca)
     Cuniculus (formerly Agouti) paca
     BR: Paca  
     
     
     PACARANA - Family Dinomyidae
     
     
204. Pacarana  (t2)  ______  (in western Brazil in the Amazon basin)
     Dinomys branickii  (the single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
     CAVIES & GUINEA-PIGS - Family Caviidae
     
     
205. Spix's Yellow-toothed Cavy (*) ______  (from eastern Bolivia to northeastern Brazil, occurring in open savanna and semiarid habitats such as cerrado and caatinga) 
     Galea spixii
     
     
206. Brazilian Yellow-toothed Cavy  (BRe)  ______
     Galea flavidens
     
     
207. Brazilian Guinea Pig (*) ______  MS, MT
     Cavia aperea
     BR: Prea
     
     
208. Shiny Guinea Pig  (BRe)  ______  (in coastal east-central Brazil)
     Cavia fulgida
     
     
209. Santa Catarina Guinea Pig  (BRe)  ______  (only on Moleques do Sul Island in Santa Catarina state in southeast Brazil)
     Cavia intermedia
     
     
210. Greater Guinea Pig (*) ______  RS  (in southeast Brazil - and Uruguay)
     Cavia magna
     
     
211. Acrobat Cavy  (BRe) ______  (by the River Sao Mateus in the state of Goias) (also called Climbing Cavy)
     Kerodon acrobata
     
     
212. Rock Cavy  (BRe) (*) ______  MN
     Kerodon rupestris
     
     
     CAPYBARA - Family Hydrochoeridae
     
     
213. Capybara (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT, RS, SE
     Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris  (the single member of its genus & its family) 
     BR: Capivara, or Cupido
     
     
     
     Capybaras were seen both day (above) & night (below) during our
     tours in Mato Grosso do Sul, not only in September 2006 
     (when these photos were taken), but during every FONT tour in that area. 
     
     
     
     Another photo (below) of an adult & young Capybaras was taken during the 
     FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, in August 2008.
     (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims) 
     
     
     
     
     
     DEGUS & TUCO-TUCOS - Family Octodontidae (mostly in Argentina & Chile)
     
     
214. Brazilian Tuco-tuco  (BRe) (*) ______  MN  (in southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais)
     Ctenomys brasiliensis 
     
     
215. Flammarion's Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______
     Ctenomys flammarioni
     
     
216. Lami Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______  (endemic to an area in Rio Grande do Sul, in sand dunes)
     Ctenomys lami
     
     
217. Tiny Tuco-tuco  ______
     Ctenomys minutus
     
     
218. Natterer's Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______  (in southwest Brazil, in Mato Grosso)
     Ctenomys nattereri
     
     
219. Rondon's Tuco-tuco  ______
     Ctenomys rondoni
     
     
220. Collared Tuco-tuco  ______
     Ctenomys torquatus
     
     
     SPINY RATS and allies - Family Echimyidae
     
     
221. Callistomys pictus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
222. Carterodon sulcidens  (BRe)  ______
     
     
223. Clyomys bishopi  (BRe)  ______
     
     
224. Clyomys laticeps  (BRe)  ______
     
     
225. Dactylomys boliviensis  ______
     
     
226. Dactylomys dactylinus  ______
     
     
227. Echimys chrysurus  ______
     
     
228. Echimys grandis  ______
     
     
229. Euryzygomatomys guiara  ______
     
     
230. Euryzygomatomys spinosus  ______
     
     
231. Isothrix histriata  ______
     
     
232. Isothrix negrensis  (BRe)  ______
     
     
233. Isothrix pagurus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
234. Kannabateomys amblyonyx  ______
     
     
235. Lonchothrix emiliae  (BRe)  ______  
     
     
236. Makalata macrura  ______ 
     
     
237. Common Spiny Tree Rat  (*)  ______  AF
     Mesomys hispidus
     
     
238. Mesomys occultus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
239. Mesomys stimulax  (BRe)  ______
     
     
240. Phyllomys blainvilii  (BRe)  ______
     
     
241. Phyllomys brasiliensis  (BRe)  ______
     
     
242. Phyllomys dasythrix  (BRe)  ______
     
     
243. Phyllomys kerri  (BRe)  ______
     
     
244. Phyllomys lamarum  (BRe)  ______
     
     
245. Phyllomys lundi  (BRe)  ______
     
     
246. Phyllomys mantiqueirensis  (BRe)  ______
     
     
247. Phyllomys medius  (BRe)  ______
     
     
248. Phyllomys nigrispinus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
249. Phyllomys pattoni  (BRe)  ______
     
     
250. Phyllomys thomasi  (BRe)  ______
     
     
251. Phyllomys unicolor  (BRe)  ______
     
     
252. Proechimys amphichoricus  ______
     
     
253. Proechimys brevicauda  ______
     
     
254. Proechimys cayennensis  ______ 
     
     
255. Cuvier's Spiny Rat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil)
     Proechimys cuvieri
     
     
256. Hedgehog Spiny Rat  (BRe) ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
     Proechimys echinothrix
     
     
257. Gardner's Spiny Rat  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
     Proechimys gardneri
     
     
258. Goeldi's Spiny Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in southwestern & central Amazonian Brazil) 
     Proechimys goeldii
     
     
259. xCayenne Spiny Rat  ______  (in northern & central Brazil)
     Proechimys guyannensis
     
     
260. Guyanan Spiny Rat  ______  (in northwest Brazil)
     Proechimys hoplomyoides
     
     
261. Proechimys kulinae  ______
     
     
262. Proechimys longicaudatus  ______
     
     
263. Proechimys myosuros  ______
     
     
264. Proechimys oris  ______
     
     
265. Proechimys pattoni  ______
     
     
266. Proechimys quadruplicatus  ______
     
     
267. xHairy Spiny Rat  (BRe)  ______  MN  (in forests of Minas Gerais) 
     Proechimys selosuss
     
     
268. Proechimys simonsi  ______
     
     
269. Proechimys steerei  ______
     
     
270. Punar  (BRe)  ______
     Thrichomys apereoides
     
     
271. Trinomys albispinus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
272. Trinomys dimidiatus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
273. Trinomys eliasi  (BRe)  ______
     
     
274. Trinomys gratiosus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
275. Trinomys iheringi  (BRe)  ______
     
     
276. Trinomys mirapitanga  (BRe)  ______
     
     
277. Trinomys moojeni  (BRe)  ______
     
     
278. Trinomys paratus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
279. Trinomys setosus  (BRe)  ______
     
     
280. Trinomy yonenagae  (BRe)  ______ 
     
     
     Family Myocastoridae 
     
     
281. Coypu (*) (ph)  ______  RS, SE, UG  (also known as Nutria)
     Myocastor coypus  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Ratao do Banhado
     
     
     
     A Coypu, or Nutria, photographed during the October 2009 FONT tour
     in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     CATS - Family Felidae
     
     
282. Puma  (ph)  _____ 
     Puma concolor
     BR: Sussuarana
     
     
     
     Puma
     
     
283. Jaguarundi (ti) (*) ______  MN, MS, MT
     Puma yagouaroundi
     BR: Jaguarundi, or  Gato Mourisco  (or Gato Preto for the black morph) 
     
     
284. Pampas Cat  ______
     Leopardus pajeros
     
     
285. Pantanal Cat  (*) (ph)  ______  MS  (was part of the Pampas Cat)
     Leopardus braccata  
     BR: Gato Palheiro
     
     
     
     
     The Pantanal Cat (formerly part of the more-southerly Pampas Cat)
     photographed at night during the FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
      
     
286. Geoffroy's Cat ______  (in southern Brazil)
     Leopardus geoffroyi
     
     
287. Oncilla  (or Little Spotted Cat)  ______
     Leopardus tigrina
     BR: Gato-do-mato-pequeno
     
     
288. Margay  ______
     Leopardus wiedii
     
     
289. Ocelot  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
     Leopardus pardalis
     BR: Gato Maracaja, or Jaguatirica
     
     
     
     An Ocelot photographed at night during the FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul
     in September 2006. 
     This wonderful animal has been seen nicely during numerous FONT tours in that area.     
     
     
290. Jaguar (*) (ph)  ______  MS
     Panthera (formerly Jaguarius) onca  
     BR: Onca Pintada 
     
     
     
     Jaguar
     This mighty animal has been seen during 3 FONT Brazil tours 
     in Mato Grosso do Sul in the last 4 years.
        
     
     DOGS & FOXES - Family Canidae
     
     
291. Maned Wolf  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MS  
     Chrysocyon brachyurus  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Lobo-guara
     
     For more about the: MANED WOLF
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     The second of the two Maned Wolf photographs above was taken at night 
     during our tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.  
     Below: A Maned Wolf, as we've seen it after dark outside a monastery, 
     during our Brazil tours in Minas Gerais.  
     
     
     
     
292. Argentine Gray Fox (*) (ph)   ______  RS  (this species now includes the "Pampas Fox")
     Pseudalopex (has previously been Dusicyon) griseus
     BR: Graxaim do Campo
     
     
293. Crab-eating Fox (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
     Cerdocyon (has previously been Dusicyon) thous  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Cachorro-do-mato  (or Graxaim)
     
     
     
     Above & below: Crab-eating Foxes photographed at night during our 
     Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006. 
     The species has been seen during every FONT tour in that area.
     
     
     
     
294. Hoary Fox (*) ______  MN, MS
     Lycalopex (has previously been Dusicyon) vetulus  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Raposinha
     
     
295. Short-eared Dog (*) ______  AF  
     Atelocynus (has previously been Dusicyon) microtis  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Cachorro do Mato 
     
     The Short-eared Dog is a rarely seen animal.
     
     
296. Bush Dog _____
     Speothos venaticus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     EARED SEALS - Family Otariidae
     
     
297. South American Sea Lion (*) (ph)  ______  RS
     Otaria byronia  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
298. South American Fur Seal  ______
     Arctocephalus australis  
     
     
     EARLESS SEALS
     
     
299. Southern Elephant Seal  ______
     Mirounga leonina
     
     
     OTTERS & ALLIES - Family Mustelidae
     
     
300. Greater Grison (*)  ______  AF  (has also been called Huron)
     Galictis vittata
     BR: Furao  (or Furax)
     
     
301. Lesser Grison  (*) (ph)  ______  RS
     Galictis cuja
     BR: Furao
     
     
302. Tayra (*) ______  AF, MN, SE
     Eira batbata  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Irara  (or Papa Mel)
     
     The Tayra is rather like a South American Marten.
     
     
303. Giant Otter (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT
     Pteronura brasiliensis  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Arianha 
     
     
     
     The Giant Otters above were photographed during a FONT tour in the Pantanal of Brazil.
     Another photo and an color illustration of the species are below.  
     
     
     
     
     
     The photo below of 2 Giant Otters was taken during 
     the FONT Brazil Tour in August 2008.
     The animals was first seen resting on wooden steps along a riverbank.
     Later, they entered the water, and swam away.
     (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)   
       
     
     
      
     
304. Neotropical River Otter (*) ______  MS, MT, RS, SE
     Lutra longicaudus
     BR: Lontra or Cachorro-d'agua 
     
     
305. Tropical Weasel  ______
     Mustela africana
     
     
306. Long-tailed Weasel  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
     Mustela frenata 
     
     
307. Striped Hog-nosed Skunk  ______
     Conepatus semistriatus
     
     
308. Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk  ______  (in southern Brazil)
     Conepatus chinga
       
     
     RACCOONS - Family Procyonidae
     
     
309. Crab-eating Raccoon  (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
     Procyon cancrivorous
     BR: Mao-pelada
     
     
     
     A Crab-eating Raccoon photographed at night 
     during the FONT Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
       
     
310. Kinkajou  (ph)  ______
     Poto flavus
     
     
311. Beddard's Olingo  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
     Bassaricyon beddardi
     
     
312. South American Coati  (*) (ph)  ______  IG, MN, MS, MT, SE
     Nasua nasua
     BR: Quati or Quatimunde 
     
     
     
     
     
     Above: Two photos of the South American Coati
     Below: a group of them seen during the FONT Brazil tour in August 2008.
     (photo below courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)
     
     
     
     
     
     SHEATH-TAILED BATS - Family Emballonuridae
     
     
313. Proboscis Bat (*) ______  AF  (another name is Long-nosed Bat)  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, near water in lowland rainforest)
     Rhynchonycteris naso  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     
     Proboscis Bat
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
314. Shaggy Bat  ______  (from Mexico to central Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas) 
     Centronycteris maximiliani  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
315. Greater White-lined Bat (*) ______  AF, MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and forest edge)
     Saccopteryx bilineata
     
     
316. Frosted White-lined Bat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, and Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru, in lowland forest)
     Saccopteryx canescens
     
     
317. Amazonian White-lined Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil) 
     Saccopteryx gymnura
     
     
318. Lesser White-lined Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern brazil, in lowland forest)
     Saccopteryx leptura
     
     
319. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
     Cormura brevirostris  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
320. White-winged Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)  
     Peropteryx (formerly Peronymus) leucoptera
     
     
321. Greater Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and forest edge)
     Peropteryx kappleri
     
     
322. Lesser Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northern Paraguay, at caves, rock piles, and built-areas in lowlands) 
     Peropteryx macrotis
     
     
323. White-winged Dog-like Bat  ______  (in northern Brazil, a poorly known species, with a "new species" about to be described)
     Peropteryx leucoptera
     
     
324. Short-eared (or Smoky Sheath-tailed) Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to eastern Amazonian Brazil near Belem)
     Cyttarops alecto  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
325. Isabelle's Ghost Bat  ______  (in northwest Brazil & southern Venezuela, in lowland forest & riparian habitats)
     Diclidurus isabellus
     
     
326. Northern Ghost Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Ecuador, and possibly eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation clearings and built-areas)
     Diclidurus albus
     
     
327. Greater Ghost Bat  ______  (from Colombia south to possibly northwestern Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
     Diclidurus ingens
     
     
328. Lesser Ghost Bat  ______  (from southern Venezuela south to Peru and possibly central Brazil, in lowland riparian habitats and clearings in the Amazon basin)   
     Diclidurus scutatus
     
     
     FISHING BATS - Family Noctilionidae
     
     
329. Greater Fishing Bat  (also called Bulldog Bat) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowlands forest, and at lakes, rivers, and along coasts)
     Noctilio leporinus
     
     The wingspan of Noctilio leporinus is a meter, or 3 feet.
     
     
     
     In flight after dark, a Greater Fishing, or Bulldog Bat  (photo by Burke Korol)
     
     
330. Lesser Fishing Bat  (also called Bulldog Bat) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  (from Mexico to northeast Argentina and southwestern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest clearings and along waterways)
     Noctilio albiventris
     
     
     LEAF-CHINNED BATS - Family Mormoopidae
     
     
331. Wagner's Moustached Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)  
     Pteronotus personatus
     
     
332. Common (or Parnell's) Moustached Bat  (ph)   ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and clearings) 
     Pteronotus (formerly Phyllodia) parnellii
     
     
     
     Common Moustached Bat
     
     
333. Davy's Naked-backed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northeastern Brazil, locally in forest and clearings) 
     Pteronotus davyi 
     
     
334. Big Naked-backed Bat  ______  (from Mexico south to Peru and possibly southwest Brazil, in lowland forest)
     Pteronotus gymnonotus
     
     
     AMERICAN LEAF-NOSED BATS - Family Phyllostomidae
     
     
335. Behni's Big-eared Bat  ______  (in central Brazil and southern Peru, in forests)
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) behnii
     
     
336. Brosset's Big-eared Bat  ______  (recently described in 1998; occurs in northern & western Amazonian Brazil, and in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana, Guyana)
     Micronycteris brosseti
     
     
337. Davies' Big-eared Bat  ______  (also called Graybeard Bat) (from Honduras to Amazonian Brazil, locally in lowland primary rainforest)
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) daviesi
     
     
338. Tricolored Big-eared Bat (?)  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil, locally in lowland forest)
     Micronycteris (formerly Glyphonycteris) sylvestris  
     
     
339. Orange-throated Big-eared Bat (?)  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest)
     Micronycteris brachyotis
     
     
340. Hairy Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to Amazonian Brazil, locally in forest and forest edge)
     Micronycteris hirsuta
     
     
341. Homez's Big-eared Bat  ______  (in northern Brazil and the Guianas) 
     Micronycteris homezi
     
     
342. Matses' Big-eared Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, in the Rio Galvez drainage, in primary rainforest) 
     Micronycteris matses
     
     
343. Little Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Brazil, in lowland forest)
     Micronycteris megalotis
     
     
344. Common Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in forest and regrowth areas)
     Micronycteris microtis
     
     
345. White-bellied Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and farmland)
     Micronycteris minuta
     
     
346. Sanborn's Big-eared Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in northeastern Brazil, on the Chapada do Araripe plateau) 
     Micronycteris sanborni
     
     
347. Schmidt's Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and forest edge)  
     Micronycteris schmidtorum
     
     
348. Least Big-eared Bat  ______  (in northwestern Brazil and eastern Colombia)
     Micronycteris pusilla
     
     
349. Niceforo's Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Belize and Amazonian Brazil, locally in lowland forest)
     Micronycteris nicerfori
     
     
350. Common Sword-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and farmland)
     Lonchorhina aurita
     
     
351. Strange Sword-nosed Bat  ______  (in Brazil and Venezuela, French Guiana, and Suriname) 
     Lonchorhina inusitata
     
     
352. Long-legged Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, near streams in lowland forest)
     Macrophyllum macrophyllum
     
     
353. Greater Round-eared Bat  ______  (in southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Paraguay)
     Tonatia bidens
     
     
354. Pygmy Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas)    
     Tonatia brasiliense
     
     
355. Carriker's Round-eared Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil, and from southeastern Colombia to Suriname, and south to Bolivia)
     Tonatia carrikeri
     
     
356. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest) 
     Tonatia saurophila
     
     
357. Schulz's Round-eared Bat  ______  (in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and possibly in northern Brazil, in forest)  
     Tonatia schulzi
     
     
358. White-throated Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to eastern Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)  
     Tonatia silvicola
     
     
359. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and clearings) 
     Mimon crenulatum
     
     
360. Golden Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland forest) 
     Mimon bennettii
     
     
361. Pale Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest) 
     Phyllostomus discolor
     
     
362. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
     Phyllostomus elongatus
     
     
363. Greater Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Belize to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings) 
     Phyllostomus hastatus
     
     
364. Pale-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in forest and clearings)
     Phylloderma stenops
     
     
365. Fringe-lipped Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest and farmland)
     Trachops cirrhosus
     
     
366. Big-eared Woolly Bat  ______  (also called Woolly False Vampire Bat) (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest and regrowth areas)  
     Chrotopterus auritus
     
     
367. Spectral Bat  ______  (also called Great False Vampire Bat) (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in forest and grasslands)
     Vampyrum spectrum
     
     
368. Vieira's Flower Bat  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2005)
     Xeronycteris vieirai
     
     
369. Brown Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northwest Brazil, locally in forest and clearings)
     Glossophaga commissarisi
     
     
370. Miller's Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Colombia to north-central Amazonian Brazil, in lowland dry forest and llanos)
     Glossophaga longirostris
     
     
371. Common Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and clearings)
     Glossuphaga soricina
     
     
372. Tailed Tailless Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southeastern Brazil and northwestern Argentina, near streams in forest)
     Anoura caudifera
     
     
373. Geoffrey's Tailless Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest, fruit groves, and clearings)
     Anoura geoffroyi
     
     
374. Lesser Whiskered Long-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest)
     Choeroniscus minor
     
     
375. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Panama to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest and savannas)
     Lionycteris spurrelli
     
     
376. Bokermann's Nectar Bat  (BRe) (*)  ______  MN  (in Minas Gerais, at Serra do Cipo)
     Lonchophylla bokermanni     
     
     
377. Dekeyser's Nectar Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in the area of Brasilia)
     Lonchophylla dekeyseri
     
     
378. Goldman's Nectar Bat  ______  (in east-central Brazil, and from Costa Rica to Ecuador, in forest and banana groves)
     Lonchophylla mordax
     
     
379. Thomas' Nectar Bat  ______  (from Panama to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings)
     Lonchophylla thomasi
     
     
380. Silky Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, and plantations)
     Carollia brevicauda
     
     
381. Chestnut Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Honduras to Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, in rainforest and regrowth areas)  
     Carollia castanea
     
     
382. Seba's Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, plantations)    
     Carollia perspicillata 
     
     
383. Fischer's Little Fruit Bat  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to eastern Peru, in lowland rainforest)  
     Rhinophylla fischerae
     
     
384. Dwarf Little Fruit Bat  ______  (in central Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru & Bolivia, in rainforest)
     Rhinophylla pumilio
     
     
385. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forests and fruit groves) 
     Sturnira lilium
     
     
386. Tilda Yellow-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil, in lowland rainforest) 
     Sturnira tildae
     
     
387. Common Tent-making Bat  (ph)  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and fruit groves)
     Uroderma bilobatum
     
     
     
     Common Tent-making Bats
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
388. Brown Tent-making Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and wetlands)
     Uroderma maqnirostrum
     
     
389. Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Bolivia, in lowland rainforest)
     Platyrrhinus brachycephalus
     
     
390. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and fruit groves)  
     Platyrrhinus helleri
     
     
391. Buffy Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to Bolivia, in forest) 
     Platyrrhinus infuscus
     
     
392. White-lined Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in forest)
     Platyrrhinus lineatus
     
     
393. Recife Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in eastern & southeastern Brazil, and in Guyana, in coastal forest) 
     Platyrrhinus recifinus
     
     
394. Great Stripe-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)
     Vampyrodes caraccioli  
     
     
395. Little Yellow-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
     Vampyressa pusilla
     
     
396. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
     Vampyressa bidens
     
     
397. MacConnell's Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to south-central Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)
     Mesophylla macconnelli
     
     
398. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat  (BRe)   ______  (in east-central & southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro)
     Chiroderma doriae
     
     
399. Little Big-eyed Bat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings) 
     Chiroderma trinitatum
     
     
400. Hairy Big-eyed Bat  (*)  ______  (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in lowland forests and fruit groves)
     Chiroderma villosum   
     
     
401. Fringed Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, in lowlands)  
     Artibeus fimbriatus  
     
     
402. Silver Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to south-central & eastern Brazil) 
     Artibeus glaucus
     
     
403. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat  (ph)   ______  (in addition to the West Indies, from Mexico to southern Brazil & northern Argentina, in forests and plantations)
     Artibeus jamaicensis  
     
     
     
     Jamaican Fruit-eating Bats in a cave
     
     
     
404. Great Fruit-eating Bat (*) ______  MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil & northeastern Argentina, in rain forest and clearings)  
     Artibeus lituratus
     
     
405. Dark Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
     Artibeus obscurus
     
     
406. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil)
     Artibeus planirostris 
     
     
407. Andersen's Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (in western Brazil, and Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) 
     Artibeus anderseni
     
     
408. Gervais' Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to south-central Brazil, in mid-elevation forest)
     Artibeus cinereus
     
     
409. Brown Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)
     Artibeus concolor
     
     
410. Ipanema Bat  (*)  ______  (from Suriname to southeastern Brazil & northern Argentina)
     Pygoderma bilablatum
     
     
411. Little White-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, locally in lowland rainforest)
     Ametrida centurio
     
     
412. Visored Bat  ______  (from Colombia to northwestern Amazonian Brazil, and south to northern Bolivia, in forest, plantations, gardens)
     Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum
     
     
413. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland & mid-elevation forest and farmland)  
     Diphylla ecaudata
     
     
414. White-winged Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowland forest)
     Diaemus youngi
     
     
415. Common Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in livestock farmland, gardens, forest)
     Desmodus rotundus
     
     
     DISK-WINGED BATS - Family Thyropteridae
     
     
416. Peter's Disk-winged Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to eastern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest and fruit groves)  
     Thyroptera discifera
     
     
417. Spix's Disk-winged Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and regrowth areas)
     Thyroptera tricolor
     
     
     THUMBLESS BATS - Family Furipteridae
     
     
418. Thumbless Bat  ______  (from Costa Rica to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest) 
     Furipterus horrens
     
     
     FUNNEL-EARED BATS - Family Natalidae
     
     
419. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and from Mexico to Panama, and the West Indies, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
     Natalus stramineus
     
     
     FREE-TAILED BATS - Family Molossidae
     
     
420. Cinnamon Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and thorn scrub)
     Cynomops (formerly Molossops) abrasus
     
     
421. Greenhall's Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in forest and clearings, usually near water) 
     Molossops greenhalli
     
     
422. Southern Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Panama to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and savannas)
     Cynomops (formerly Molossops) planirostris 
     
     
423. Rufous Dog-faced Bat  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, and in Suriname and Peru) 
     Molossops neglectus
     
     
424. Dwarf Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, in thorn scrub and chaco habitat)
     Molossops temminckii
     
     
425. Mato Grosso Dog-faced Bat  ______  (in Amazonian & eastern Brazil, locally in arid rocky habitats and the caatinga habitat)
     Molossops matogrossensis
     
     
426. Brazilian (or Mexican) Free-tailed Bat  (ph)  ______  (from the southern US to southern Brazil and central Argentina, locally in dry open areas and forests) 
     Tadarida brasiliensis
     
     
     
     Brazilian (or Mexican) Free-tailed Bat
     
     
427. Peale's Free-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil) 
     Nyctinomops aurispinosus
     
     
428. Broad-eared Bat  ______  (from Panama to southern Brazil and northern Argentina; also from mexico to Honduras, and Cuba, in dry forest and scrub) 
     Nyctinomops laticaudatus
     
     
429. Big Free-tailed Bat  ______  (from the southern US to northwest Argentina and Uruguay, in rocky canyons)
     Nyctinomops macrotis
     
     
430. Black Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and savannas)
     Eumops auripendulus
     
     
431. Dwarf Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowland dry deciduous forest & scrub)
     Eumops bonariensis
     
     
432. Wagner's Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Florida and Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina, also Cuba & Jamaica, in lowland forest, scrub, and built areas) 
     Eumops glaucinus
     
     
433. Sanborn's Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest and forest edge)
     Eumops hansae
     
     
434. Western Bonneted Bat  ______  (from the southern US to southern Brazil, in rocky canyons)
     Eumops perotis
     
     
435. Brown Mastiff Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to southern Brazil, in forest)
     Promops nasutus
     
     
436. Black Mastiff Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in forest, scrub, and built areas)
     Molossus ateer
     
     
437. Barnes' Mastiff Bat  ______   (in Brazil and French Guiana)
     Molossus barnesi   
     
     
438. Velvety (or Pallas's) Free-tailed Bat  (ph)  ______  (from Florida and Mexico to southern Brazil and Uruguay, in forest and built areas)
     Molossus molossus 
     
     
     
     Velvety Free-tailed Bat
     
     
     VESPER BATS - Family Vespertilionidae
     
     
439. Brazilian Brown Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge)
     Eptesicus brasiliensis
     
     
440. Diminutive Serotine  ______  (in eastern Brazil, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and southeastern Paraguay; also Venezuela, in forest)  
     Eptesicus dimninutus
     
     
441. Tadde's Serotine  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2006)
     Eptesicus taddeii
     
     
442. Argentine Brown Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and forest clearings)
     Eptesicus furinalis
     
     
443. Big Brown Bat  ______  (from Canada to northern Brazil, at forest edge)
     Eptesicus fuscus
     
     
444. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat  ______  (in southeast Brazil and Uruguay)
     Histiotus alienus
     
     
445. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, southern Uruguay, southeastern Paraguay, and northern Argentina in Misiones)
     Histiotus velatus
     
     
446. Central American Yellow Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in forest, clearings, and built areas)
     Rhogeessa tumida
     
     
447. Southern Yellow Bat  ______  (from Texas to southern Brazil and central Argentina, in lowland scrub and foothill forest)
     Lasiurus ega
     
     
448. Hoary Bat  ______  (from Canada to Guatemala and Colombia to southern Chile, central Argentina, and Uruguay, in forest) 
     Lasiurus cinereus
     
     
449. Ebony Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Sao Paulo, in Parque Estadual da Ihla do Cardoso; has been known from a single specimen)
     Lasiurus ebenus
     
     
450. Big Red Bat  ______  (in southern Brazil, French Guiana, eastern Panama; there are very few records)
     Lasiurus egregius 
     
     
451. Silver-haired Myotis  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
     Myotis albescens
     
     
452. Yellowish Myotis  (*)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and Uruguay, north & central Argentina, and south-central Bolivia, in open areas and forest clearings)
     Myotis levis  
     
     
453. Riparian Myotis  (*)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and in Uruguay, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay north to Honduras)
     Myotis riparius     
     
     
454. Red Myotis  ______  (in southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay)
     Myostis ruber
     
     
455. Velvety Myotis  ______  (from Colombia and Amazonian Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina, in lowland rainforest)  
     Myotis simus
     
     
456. Black Myotis  (*)  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and built areas)
     Myotis nigricans  
     
     
     MARMOSETS & TAMARINS - Family Callitrichidae
     
     
457. Pied Tamarin  (t1) (BRe) (*) ______  AM  (has been called Pied Bare-faced Tamarin)
     Saguinus bicolor (now considered a distinct species)
     In previous taxonomy, there were 3 subspecies of what was called the Brazilian Bare-faced Tamarin. 
     These were:
     Pied Bare-faced Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor bicolor,
     Martin's Bare-faced Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor martinsi,
     Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor ochraceous.
     The Pied Bare-faced Tamarin  (seen during the FONT 2005 Brazil Tour) is restricted to a 30 kilometer radius of Manaus. 
     The other 2 species (or subspecies) probably range between the lower Rivers Uatuma and Cumina (Erepecuru); their range limits are not precisely known.
     BR: Sauim  (or Sagui de Cara Nua or Sagi de Duascores)  
     
     
458. Brown-mantled Tamarin  ______  (in north & west Brazil, and in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia, in dense forest) (has  been called Saddle-backed Tamarin)
     Saguinus fuscicollis
     
     
459. Emperor Tamarin  ______  (in western Brazil, and eastern Peru, in dense lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin) 
     Saguinus imperator
     
     
460. Mottle-faced Tamarin  ______ (in northwest Brazil, and in southeast Colombia, between the Rivers Japura & Negro)
     Saguinus inustus
     
     
461. White-lipped Tamarin  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in northern Bolivia, between the Rivers Solimoes and Japura and between the Rivers Purus and Madeira, in rainforest and regrowth areas)  
     Saguinus labiatus
     
     
462. Martins's Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Martin's Bare-faced Tamarin)  (in north-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Uatuma and Erepecuru, north of the River Amazonas) 
     Saguinus martinsi  (see note above with Pied Tamarin)
     
     
463. White-mantled Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil in Acre, between then upper Rivers Jurua and Tarauaca)
     Saguinus melanoleucus
     
     
464. Red-handed Tamarin  (*)  ______   AM  (in northern Amazonian Brazil, east of the River Negro, and from Guyana to French Guiana, in terra firme rainforest)
     Saguinus midas
     
     
465. Moustached Tamarin  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Huallaga and Madeira south of the River Solimoes, and in northeast Peru, in the rainforest of the Amazon basin)  
     Saguinus mystax
     
     
466. Black Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, between the River Xingu and the coast, south of the River Amazonas, and on Marajo Island)
     Saguinus niger
     
     
467. Black-mantled Tamarin ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, in rainforest of the Amazon basin)
     Saguinus nigricollis
     
     
468. Red-capped Tamarin  (BRe)  ______   (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tefe and Purus, south of the River Solimoes to the Rivers Pauini or Marmoria) 
     Saguinus pileatus
     
     
469. Superagui Lion Tamarin (t1) (BRe)  ______  (has been called Black-faced Lion Tamarin) (in southeast Brazil, in Parana and Sao Paulo in the region of the Rivers Sebui and Dos Patos, Superagui Island, and Cananeia) 
     Leontopithecus caissara
     
     
470. Golden-headed Lion Tamarin  (t2) (BRe) (ph)   ______  (in east-central Brazil, in northeast Minas Gerais and southern Bahia, very locally between the Rivers Contas & Jequitinhonha) 
     Leontopithecus chrysomeias
     
     
     
     Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
     
     
471. Black Lion Tamarin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, only in two small remnant forest patches in Sao Paulo state) 
     Leontopithecus chrysopygus
     
     
472. Golden Lion Tamarin  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in a few isolated forest patches in Rio de Janeiro state)
     Leontopithecus rosalia
     
     
     Genus CALLITHRIX:  Marmosets
     
     
473. Rio Acari Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, from the lower River Acari to between the Rivers Aripuana & Juruena and between Rivers Acari & Sucunduri) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) acariensis
     
     
474. Silvery Marmoset  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil in Para, between the Rivers Tapajos & Tocantins in forest; also in western Brazil and eastern Bolivia) 
     Callithrix argentata 
     
     
475. Buffy-tufted Marmoset  (t2) (BRe) (*) ______  SE  (formerly one of the subspecies of the Tufted-eared Marmoset) (in southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo)
     Callithrix aurita
     BR: Sauim  (or Sagui)
     
     
476. Golden-and-white Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, right bank of lower River Madeira-Aripuana north to River Amazons)
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) chrysoleuca
     
     
477. Emilia's Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, locally between the upper Rivers Jamari and Xingu in Rondonia and northern Mato Grosso, in forest)
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) emiliae 
     
     
478. Buffy-headed Marmoset  (t2) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (formerly one of the subspecies of the Tufted-eared Marmoset) (in east-central Brazil, locally in Minas Gerais, in southern Espiritu Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)
     Callithrix flaviceps
     BR: Sauim  (or Sagui)
     
     
     
     A Buffy-headed Marmoset photographed during the FONT tour 
     in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in March 2008
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
479. Black-tailed Marmoset (*)  ______   MT  (formerly a subspecies of the Silvery Marmoset) (in west & central Brazil, and in northern Bolivia and northern Paraguay, in forest)
     Callithrix melanura
     BR: Sauim  (or Sagui Branco)
     
     
480. White-headed Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Minas Gerais and Espiritu Santo, between the Rivers Itaunas & Jucu)
     Callithrix geoffroyi
     BR: Mico-de-cara-branca
     
     
481. Santarem Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in Amazonas and Para, between the Rivers Maues and Tapajos, in rainforest) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) humeralifera
     
     
482. Dwarf Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Madeira and Aripuana and east of the River Atininga) (was called Roosmalen's Dwarf Marmoset)   
     Callibella (formerly Callithrix) humilis
     
     
483. Aripuana Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, near the mouth of the River Guariba, a tributary of the River Aripuana) (has been called Hershkovitz's Marmoset)
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) intermedia
     
     
484. White-tufted (or Common) Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil, in Piaui, Ceara, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and northern Bahia) 
     Callithrix jacchus
     
     The White-tufted Marmoset originally occurred along the northeastern coast of Brazil from the state of Piaui to that of Bahia.
     Through the release of captive individuals, it also occurs now in southeastern Brazil, where the first sighting in the wild in Rio de Janeiro was in 1929. Today it is common in the area of that city.  
     
     The White-tufted Marmoset was described by Linnaeus in 1758. 
     
       
     
     White-tufted Marmoset
     
     
485. Wied's Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in southern Bahia and extreme northwestern Minas Gerais, between the Rivers de Contas and Jequitinhonha)
     Callithrix kuhlii
     
     
     
     Wied's Marmoset
     
     
486. White Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in Para, between the Rivers Jamanxim and Cupari on the right bank of the River Tapajos) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) leucippe
     
     
487. Manicore Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in the region of the River Manicore) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) manicorensis
     
     
488. Marca's Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, near the mouth of the River Castanho, a tributary of the River Roosevelt)
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) marcai
     
     
489. Maues Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Uraria-Abacaxis and Maues-Acu, in dense primary rainforest) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) mauesi
     
     
490. Black-headed Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, very locally east of the River Madeira-Jiparana, and probably as far as the River Dos Marmelos)  
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) nigriceps
     
     
491. Black-tufted Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast & east-central Brazil, from Maranhao to Goias and Bahia)
     Callithrix penicillata
     
     
492. Pygmy Marmoset  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil east tot he Rivers Caqueta and Madeira, and in eastern Ecuador and northeast Peru, in seasonally flooded and riparian forest)   
     Callithrix pygmaea
     
     
493. Satere Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Canuma and Abacaxix, south of the River Parana-Uraria) 
     Mico (formerly Callithrix) saterei
     
     
494. Goeldi's Marmoset  ______  (in western Brazil, and in southeastern Colombia, eastern Peru, northwestern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia, in scrubby, terre firme forest of the Amazon basin)  
     Callimico goeldii  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     NEW WORLD MONKEYS - Family Atelidae
     
     
     Genus SAIMIRI:  Squirrel Monkeys
     
     
495. Common Squirrel Monkey  ______  (in northern Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to northeast Peru, in lowland riparian forests and mangroves)    
     Saimiri sciureus
     BR: Macaco-de-cheiro or Boca Preta
     
     
496. Black-capped Squirrel Monkey  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and in Bolivia & eastern Peru, in the Amazon Basin) 
     Saimiri boliviensis
     
     
497. Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey  (BRe) (*)  ______  AM  (in central Amazonian Brazil, south of the River Amazonas-Solimoes, in Amazonas, Rondonia, and Para)
     Saimiri ustus
     BR: Macaco-de-cheiro or Boca Preta
     
     
498. Black Squirrel Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Solimoes and Japura)
     Saimiri vanzolinii 
     
     
     Genus ALOUATTA:  Howler Monkeys  
     
      
499. Black Howler Monkey (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MS, MT  (in south-central Brazil, and in eastern Bolivia south to Paraguay and northeast Argentina, in forests) 
     Alouatta caraya
     BR: Guariba or Bugio
     (male: black; female: brown)
     
     
     
     Above: male Black Howler Monkey
     Below: female Black Howler Monkey
     Photographed during our tour in Mato Grosso do Sul
     in September 2006.  
     
     
     
     
     
500. Amazon Black Howler Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in central & eastern Amazonian Brazil, both north and south of the River amazonas, east of the River Trombetas and Purus, in forest)
     Alouatta nigerrima
     
     
501. Red-handed Howler Monkey  (BRe) (*) ______  AF  (in central Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira and Marajo Island, south of the River Amazonas east to Alagoas) 
     Alouatta belzebul
     BR: Guariba
     
     
502. Maronhao Red-handed Howler Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil)  (was split from the Red-handed Howler Monkey in 2009)
     Alouatta ululata
     
     
503. Brown Howler Monkey  (*) (ph)  ______   MN, SE  (in east-central and southeast Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in Atlantic Forest)
     Alouatta guariba (formerly A. fusca)
     BR: Bugio  
     (Howler Monkeys are locally called "Barbados", or "Beards", in Minas Gerais, because of the long hair covering their large throat sacs.)   
     
     
     
     ABOVE:  A male Brown Howler Monkey photographed 
     during the FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil in October 2009
     BELOW:  2 Brown Howler Monkeys during that same tour. 
     This species is endangered, found only in remnants of the 
     Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil.  
     (both photos by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
     
     
     
504. Guianan Red Howler Monkey  (*) ______  AM  (split from the Venezuelan Red Howler Monkey, Alouatta seniculus) (in north-central Amazonian Brazil, and from Guyana to French Guiana, in forest) 
     Alouatta macconnelli
     BR: Guariba 
     
     
505. Venezuelan Howler Monkey  ______  (in northwestern Brazil and in Colombia and Venezuela, in forest) (species described by Linnaeus in 1766)
     Alouatta seniculus 
     
     
506. Bolivian Red Howler Monkey  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and in southern Peru & Bolivia, in forest)
     Alouatta sara
     
     
     Genus PITHECIA:  Saki Monkeys
     
     
507. White-footed Saki  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Juruaq and Purus, soth of the River Solimoes, in primary forest) (has been called Buffy Saki)
     Pithecia albicans
     
     
508. Monk Saki ______  (in western Brazil, and southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru, in lowland rainforests of the upper Amazon basin between the Rivers Japura-Caqueta and Jurua)
     Pithecia monachus
     
     
509. Rio Tapajos Saki  ______  (in central & southwestern Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Jurua and Tapajos; also in the Amazon Basin in southern Peru & northern Bolivia) (has been called Gray Monk Saki)
     Pithecia irrorata
     
     
510. White-faced Saki  ______  (in north-central Brazil, and eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, in terra firme rainforest south to the River Amazonas) (has been called Guianan Saki)
     Pithecia pithecia
     
     
     Genus CHIROPATES:  Saki Monkeys
      
     
511. White-nosed Saki (t3) (BRe) (*) ______  AF, AM  (has been called White-nosed Bearded Saki) (in central Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira and Xingu, south of the River Amazonas, south to Mato Grosso, in undisturbed terra firme rainforests)
     Chiropates albinasus
     BR: Cuxiu or Piroclucu
     
     
512. Black Bearded Saki  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil in Maranhao, in lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin) 
     Chiropates satanas
     
     The dark-nosed bearded sakis were split in 2003 into the following species in addition to Chiropates satanas. Previously these were considered subspecies.
     
     
513. Red-backed Bearded Saki  ______
     Chiropotes chiropotes
     
     
514. Brown-backed Bearded Saki  ______
     Chiropotes israelita
     
     
515. Guianan Bearded Saki  ______
     Chiropotes sagulatus
     
     
516. Uta Hick's Bearded Saki  (BRe)  ______
     Chiropates utahickae
     
     
     Genus CACAJAO:  Uakari Monkeys
     
     
517. Bald Uakari  ______  (in west-central Brazil, and northern Peru, between the Rivers Ucayali and Jurua south of the River Solimoes, in primary swamp forests) (has been called Red Uakari) 
     Cacajao calvus
     
     
518. Black-headed Uakari  ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in southeast Colombia and extreme southern Venezuela, between the rivers Japura-Apaporis and Negro, north of the River Solimoes, in lowland rainforest) (has been called Black Uakari)
     Cacajao melanocephalus
     
     
519. Araca Black Uakari  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2008)
     Cacajao ayresi
     
     
520. Neblina Uakari  (t3)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2008) (in far-northern Brazil)
     Cacajao hosomi
     
     
     Genus CEBUS:  Capuchins   
     
     
521. Tufted Capuchin  (*) ______  AF, AM, MT, MS  (in central Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru, in forests and regrowth areas) (has been called Brown Tufted Capuchin)
     Sapajus (formerly Cebus) apella
     BR: Macaco Prego
     
     
522. Large-headed Capuchin  ______  (in western Brazil)
     Sapajus (formerly Cebus) macrocephalus  (has been considered a subspecies of Cebus apella)    
     
     
523. Crested Capuchin  (BRe)  ______
     Sapajus (formerly Cebus) robustus  (has been considered a subspecies of Cebus apella) 
     
     
524. Black-striped Capuchin  (*) ______ IG  (in southern Brazil, and in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, in forests)
     Sapajus (formerly Cebus) libidinosus
     BR: Macaco Prego
     
     Cebus libidinosus has been called the Black-striped Tufted Capuchin. 
     
     
525. Black Capuchin  (BRe)  (*) (ph)  ______  MN, SE  (in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil) 
     Sapajus (formerly Cebus) nigritus
     BR: Macaco Prego
     
     Cebus nigritus has been called the Black-tufted Capuchin. 
     
     
     
     A Black Capuchin photographed during the FONT August 2007 tour
     in Southeast Brazil
     (photo by Dan Coleman)
     
     
526. White-fronted Capuchin  ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru, in forests)
     Cebus albifrons
     
     
527. Kaapori Capuchin  (BRe)  ______  (in Maranhao in northeast Brazil, between the Rivers Gurupi and Pindare)
     Cebus kaapori
     
     
528. Weeper Capuchin  ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, south to the Rivers Negro and Amazonas; also from Colombia to French Guiana, in forests) 
     Cebus olivaceus
     
     
529. Golden-bellied Capuchin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (very locally in forest remnants in southern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais in east-central Brazil) (was called Golden-bellied Tufted Capuchin) 
     Cebus xanthosternos
     
     
530. Blond Capuchin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (species was re-discovered in 2006)
     Cebus queirozi   
     
     
     Genus ATELES:  Spider Monkeys
     
     
531. White-fronted Spider Monkey (*) ______  AF  (has been called White-bellied Spider Monkey, was previously merged with the Black Spider Monkey) (in northwest Brazil, and eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northeast Peru, in primary forest in the Amazon basin)   
     Ateles belzebuth   
     BR: Macaco Aranha  (or Coata)
     
     
532. White-cheeked Spider Monkey  (t2) (BRe) ______  (in east-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tapajos and Tocan Tocantins, south of the lower River Amazonas)
     Ateles marginatus
     
     
533. Red-faced Spider Monkey  ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, and from Guyana to French Guiana, south to the lower River Amazonas and west to the Rio Negro, in undisturbed primary rainforest)
     Ateles paniscus
      
      
534. Peruvian Spider Monkey  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia east to the River Tapajos and north to the River Solimoes) 
     Ateles chamek
     
     
     Genus BRACHYTELES:  Muriqui Monkeys
     
     
535. Northern Muriqui  (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (split from Southern Muriqui in 1995) (was called "Woolly Spider Monkey") (in east-central Brazil, in remnants of Atlantic Forest in Bahia, eastern Minas Gerais, and Espirito Santo)
     Brachyteles hypoxanthus
     
     
     
     Northern Muriquis photographed during FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil in May 2011
     (photo by Pat Yoder) 
     
     
     The Muriqui, with its Tupi Indian name, is the largest of the monkeys in the New World. The Northern and Southern Muriquis, now considered two species, are not just the biggest New World monkeys, but they are among the rarest of mammals worldwide. 
     The Northern Muriqui has a total population of only about 500 individuals.
     
     It's been said that the Muriqui is large. How large? Well, they measure up to about 5 feet when they hang suspended with their long arms. And these agile monkeys have a long, grasping, prehensile tail that is strong enough to support their entire body weight as they feed or socialize upside down. 
     
     Something else can be noted about the Muriqui's anatomy. Due to their diet, which includes leaves in addition to fruits and seeds, they have large intestinal tracts that give both the males and females a "pregnant look". So while we've heard of "pot-bellied pigs", these, in essence, are "pot-bellied monkeys".  
     
     During the May 2011 FONT Brazil Tour, we were fortunate to see and hear well a group of Northern Muriquis in a fine forest, in eastern Minas Gerais, that has been preserved because it has been their home.
     
     In that forest, since the 1980s, the Muriquis have been studied. From the University of Wisconsin, Karen Strier came and spent years doing so. In the 1990s, she wrote a book "Faces in the Forest - The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil", in which she described much of what she learned about the monkeys over the years. The book is well-written and informative.
     
     The Muriquis are peaceful creatures, almost lacking completely the belligerence that primates, especially social primates, often have.
     
     Muriquis are social, nearly always in groups, but it is rare for any of them to act aggressively. During more than 1,200 hours of observation during her first year with the Muriquis, Karen logged only a very few interactions that could be considered even remotely aggressive.
     The societies of nearly all social primates in the world are based on dominant relationships. But the Muriquis differ from that typical pattern.
     The most striking feature of Muriqui society is the tolerance that males display toward each other even when relating to females in the group.
     
     Also, unlike so many social primates in the world, Muriquis don't groom each other. But they do offer friendly reassurances through touch.
     They may lightly pat each other on the hand or foot when they pass in a feeding or resting tree. There's a photo in Karen's book of two wild Muriquis in a tree giving a handshake signifying a friendly greeting. Imagine two monkeys shaking hands!
     And Muriquis embrace. They have a most impressive full-body embrace, in which two or more animals walk or swing toward one another and then flip upside down, so that they are hanging by their tails, face to face, while they wrap their arms and legs around one another. Such embraces occur in a variety of contexts. 
     
     I mentioned that we were fortunate to see AND HEAR the Muriquis. To me, at the time, they had a soft vocalization rather like that of a horse.
     I read later in "Faces in the Forest"" that when the scientists first went to the forest where we were, they asked the local people where the Muirquis were, and the locals took them first to the stables. Listening to the horses whinnying back and forth, they were told to walk in the forest until they "heard horses". 
     
     There are, in all, about a hundred species of monkeys known to be in Brazil. But among them, the Muriquis are special. It has been written that, as a conservation symbol, the Muriquis are for Brazil as the Giant Panda is for China.
     
     
     
     Another photo of a Northern Muriqui in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil,
     during the FONT tour in May 2011
     (photo by Pat Yoder) 
     
     
536. Southern Muriqui  (t1)  ______  (was called "Woolly Spider Monkey") (in southeast Brazil, in remnants of Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo)
     Brachyteles arachnoides
     
     The two former subspecies Brachyteles a arachnoides & Brachyteles arachnoides. hypoxanthus became two distinct species in 1995, based on geographical distribution and morphological differences.  
     
     
     Genus LAGOTHRIX
     
     
537. Gray Woolly Monkey  ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, and southern Peru, in highlands)
     Lagothrix cana
     
     
538. Brown Woolly Monkey  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, and southeast Colombia, northeast Ecuador, and extreme northern Peru, east to the River Negro and south to the River Solimoes-Napo, in primary rainforest) 
     Lagothrix lagotricha
     
     The Brown Woolly Monkey is the largest primate in Amazonia, aside from Man.  
     
     
539. Silvery Woolly Monkey  ______  (in extreme western Amazonian Brazil, and eastern Ecuador and northern Peru, east to the River Jurua)
     Lagothrix poeppigii 
     
     
     Genus CALLICEBUS:  Titi Monkeys
     
     
540. Atlantic Titi  (t3) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (has been called Masked Titi) (in east-central Brazil, in Atlantic Forests of east-central Minas Gerais, southern Espiritu Santo and northeast Rio de Janeiro) 
     Callicebus personatus
     BR: Sahui Guacu  (or Saua or Guigo)
     
     
     
     A Masked (or Atlantic) Titi photographed during a FONT tour
     in Minas Gerais, Brazil in October 2009
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
541. Black-fronted Titi  (was a subspecies of what was an expanded Masked Titi) (t3) (BRe) (*) ______  SE  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Forests of southern Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and southwest Rio de Janeiro) 
     Callicebus nigrifrons
     BR: Sahui Guacu  (or Saua or Guigo) 
     
     
542. Baptista Lake Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rives Madeira and Uira-Curupa, south of the River Amazonas)
     Callicebus baptista
     
     
543. Barbara Brown's Titi  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (has been called Blond Titi)  (in east-central Brazil, locally in remnant forests of northern Bahia, between the Rivers Sao Francisco and Paraguacu)  
     Callicebus barbarabrownae
     
     
544. Prince Bernard's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira-Jiparana and Aripuana-Roosevelt)
     Callicebus bernhardi
     
     
545. Brown Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the upper Rivers Madeira and Jiparana)
     Callicebus brunneus
     
     
546. Chestnut-bellied Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Booted Titi)  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Purus-Ipixuna and Madeira, south of the river Solimoes)  
     Callicebus caligatus
     
     
547. Ashy Black Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, east of the lower Rivers Aripuana and Roosevelt, south of the River Madeira) 
     Callicebus cinerascens
     
     
548. Coimbra Filho's Titi  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil, in Sergipe and extreme northeast Bahia; in Atlantic coastal forests between the lower River Sao Francisco and Itapicuru)
     Callicebus coimbrai
     
     
549. Coppery Titi  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Ucayali and Purus, south of the River Solimoes; also in northern Peru)
     Callicebus cupreus
     
     
550. White-eared Titi  ______
     Callicebus donaco[hilus
     
     
551. Hershkovitz's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Dubious Titi)  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, between the upper Rivers Purus and Madeira-Madre do Dios)
     Callicebus dubius
     
     
552. Hoffmanns' Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Parana do Uraria and the lower Tapajos)
     Callicebus hoffmannsi
     
     
553. Lucifer Titi  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeast Peru, between the Rivers Japura-Caqueta and Solimoes-Napo)  
     Callicebus lucifer
     
     
554. Black Titi  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, and in eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela, south to the Rivers Caqueta and Negro-Uaupes)
     Callicebus lugens
     
     
555. Coastal Black-handed Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Atlantic coastal forests of southeast Bahia and northern Espirito Santo)
     Callicebus melanochir
     
     
556. Red-bellied Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Dusky Titi)  (in eastern-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tapajos and Tocantins-Araguaia, south of the lower River Amazonas) 
     Callicebus moloch
     
     
557. White-coated Titi  ______  (in south-central Brazil, in Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Pantanal region; also in Paraguay) 
     Callicebus pallescens
     
     
558. Rio Purus Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Red-crowned Titi) (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Jurus and Purus-Tapaua, south of the River Solimoes)
     Callicebus purinus
     
     
559. Red-headed Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Kinglet Titi)  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Javari and Jurus, south of the River Solimoes) 
     Callicebus regulus
     
     
560. Stephen Nash's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil; range not well known, probably between the middle Rivers Purus and Madeira)
     Callicebus stephennashi
     
     
561. Collared Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Negro-Uaupes and Solimoes-Japura-Apaporis) 
     Callicebus torquatus
     
     
     Genus AOTUS:  Night Monkeys
       
     
562. Feline Night Monkey  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil between the Rivers Tapajos--Juruena and Tocantins; also south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina) 
     Aotus infulatus  (has been a subspecies of Aotus azarai, the Azara's Night Monkey)
     
     
563. Nancy Ma's Night Monkey  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, northwest of the River Jurua, and in northeast Peru)
     Aotus nancymaae
     
     
564. Black-headed Night Monkey  ______  (in western & central Amazonian Brazil, south of the River Solimoes and west of the River Tapajos-Juruena; also in eastern Peru) 
     Aotus nigriceps
     
     
565. Three-striped Night Monkey  ______  (in north-central Brazil, and in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and Guyana) 
     Aotus trivirgatus
     
     
566. Spix's Night Monkey  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, north of the River Solimoes and west of the River Negro)
     Aotus vociferans
     
     
     RIVER DOLPHINS - Family Platanistidae
     
     
567. Amazon (or Pink) River Dolphin  (*) ______  AM
     Inia geroffrensis
     BR: Boutu or  Boto
     
     
568. La Plata Dolphin (or Franciscana)  (t3)  ______  (occurs along the South Atlantic coast from Ubatuba in Brazil to the Peninsula Valdez in Argentina, including the Rio de la Plata estuary)  
     Pontoporia blainvillei  (has been put in its own family: Pontoporiidae)
     
     Taxonomically, Pontoporia blainvillei is a member of the River Dolphin group. It is the only one that actually lives in the ocean and in saltwater estuaries, rather than inhabiting exclusively freshwater systems.  
     Franciscana is the Argentine and Uruguayian name that has been adopted internationally, The Brazilian common name is Toninha.   
     
     
     MARINE DOLPHINS - Family Delphinidae
     
     
569. Tucuxi  (*)  ______  AM  (or "Gray Dolphin")
     Sotalia fluviatilis
     BR: Tucuxi
     
     The Tucuxi is found in South American rivers draining into the Atlantic & the Caribbean. It occurs throughout the entire Amazon River basin, and also in coastal waters north to Panama, occasionally to Costa Rica.  
     
     
570. Costero  ______
     Sotalia guianensis
     
     
571. Common Bottlenose Dolphin  (*) (ph)  ______  RS
     Tursiops truncatus
     
     Common Bottlenose Dolphins have been seen during FONT Brazil tours from shore by a rock jetty extending about 2 miles out to sea, in Rio Grande do Sul.
     
     
572. Long-beaked Common Dolphin  ______
     Delphinus capensis
     
     
573. Pygmy Killer Whale  ______
     Feresa attenuata
     
     
574. Short-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______
     Globicephala macrorhynchus
     
     
575. Long-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______
     Globicephala melas
     
     
576. Risso's Dolphin  (ph)  ______
     Grampus griseus
     
     
577. Fraser's Dolphin  (ph)  ______
     Lagenodelphis hosei
     
     
578. Killer Whale (or Orca) (ph)  ______
     Orcinus orca
     
     
579. Melon-headed Whale  ______
     Peponocephala electra
     
     
580. False Killer Whale  ______
     Pseudorca crassidens
     
     
581. Pantropical Spotted Dolphin  ______
     Stenella attenuata
     
     
582. Clymene Dolphin  (ph)  ______
     Stenella clymene
     
     
583. Striped Dolphin  ______
     Stenella coeruleoalba
     
     
584. Spinner Dolphin  ______
     Stenella longirostris
     
     
585. Rough-toothed Dolphin  ______
     Steno bredanensis
     
     
     PORPOISES - Family Phocoenidae
     
     
586. Burmeister's Porpoise  ______
     Phocoena spinipinnis
     
     
587. Spectacled Porpoise  ______
     Phocoena dioptrica
     
     
     SPERM WHALE - Family Physeteridae
     
     
588. Sperm Whale  (ph)  ______
     Physeter macrocephalus
     
     
     RIGHT WHALES - Family Balaenidae
     
     
589. Southern Right Whale  ______
     Eubalaena australis
     
     
     RORQUALS - Family Balaenopteridae
     
     
590. Antarctic Minke Whale  ______
     Balaenoptera bonaerensis
     
     
591. Sei Whale  ______
     Balaenoptera borealis
     
     
592. Bryde's Whale  ______
     Balaenoptera brydei
     
     
593. Blue Whale  (ph)  ______
     Balaenoptera musculus
     
     
594. Fin Whale  (ph)  ______
     Balaenoptera physalus
     
     
595. Humpback Whale  (ph)  ______
     Megaptera novaeangliae 
     
     
     PECCARIES - Family Tayassuidae
     
     
596. White-lipped Peccary  (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MT, MS, SE
     Tayassu pecari  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Queixada
     
     
     
     White-lipped Peccary
     
     
597. Collared Peccary  (*) (ph)  ______  MT
     Pecari tajacu  
     BR: Catitu
     
     
598. Giant Peccary  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2007)
     Pecari maximus
     
     
     DEER - Family Cervidae 
     
     
599. Marsh Deer  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
     Blastocerus dichotomus  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Cervo do Pantanal
     
     
     
     Above: A Marsh Deer (& a Giant Cowbird) photographed during our 
     Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
     Below: A Marsh Deer photographed during our tour there in March 2008.
     (photo below by Marie Gardner)  
     
     
     
     
     
600. Pampas Deer  (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MT
     Ozotoceros bezoarticus  (the single member of its genus)
     BR: Veado-campeiro
     
      
     
     Pampas Deer
     
     
601. Gray Brocket (Deer)  (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT, RS
     Mazama gouazoubira
     BR: Veado-catingueiro, or Veado-vira
     
     
     
     A Gray Brocket Deer photographed during the FONT Brazil tour
     in Mato Grosso do Sul in March 2008
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
602. Red Brocket (Deer) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  
     Mazama americana
     BR: Veado-mateiro
     
     
603. Pygmy Brocket (Deer) (*) ______  IG  (also called Bororo) 
     Mazama nana
     BR: Veado
     
     The Pygmy Brocket Deer is rare in a small geographic range.
     
     
604. Sao Paulo Bororo  (t3) (BRe)  ______  
     Mazama bororo
     
     In 1992, Mazama bororo was reported to a be new species. That classification was predominantly based upon karyotype differences between other Mazama species and the specimen found. The captive individual used for the analysis was from Capao Bonito, in Sao Paulo state. 
     
     Mazama bororo has a small population, and is said to be declining due to hunting and habitat loss. The total population has been estimated as 5,500 individuals, with mature animals being a fraction of the number. It is limited to the Coastal Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Though small, the population area of Mazama bororo has more than 3,600 square kilometers of protected areas, a number of which are connected with each other, forming one of the biggest blocks of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. 
     
     
605. White-tailed Deer  (ph)  ______  (in northern Brazil)
     Odocoileus virginianus
     
     
     TAPIRS - Family Tapiridae
     
     
606. Brazilian Tapir  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT
     Tapirus terrestris
     BR: Anta 
     
     
      
     
     Above: a young Brazilian Tapir
     Below: an adult and a young
     The photo below was taken at a animal scientific research facility 
     in Paraguay during a FONT tour (mostly in Brazil) in August 2008.
     This tapir is an endangered species in Paraguay.
     (lower photo by Pamela Sims)     
     
     
     
     
     
     MANATEES - Family Trichechidae
     
     
607. Amazonian Manatee  (t3) (*)  ______  AM
     Trichechus inunguis