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MAMMALS 
and OTHER WILDLIFE
in Brazil
and in nearby Uruguay

 

Those during 
Focus On Nature Tours 
in Brazil, 1992 thru 2015 
noted with an (*) 

Focus On Nature Tours in Brazil 
have been during the months of 
February, March, May, July, 
August, September, and October

The following list of Mammals of Brazil compiled by Armas Hill


UPPER RIGHT PHOTO: A MANED WOLF   

Codes:

Threatened species of mammals, designated in CITES:
(t1): critically endangered   
(t2): endangered
(t3): vulnerable
(ti): threatened (but with status indeterminate)


(BRe):  species endemic to Brazil
(BRi):  species introduced into Brazil 

AF:    the Alta Floresta and Rio Cristalino areas (mostly Amazonian) in northern Mato Grosso state
AM:  
Amazonas state, mostly in the area of Manaus   
BR
:    Brasilia
ES
:    Espiritu Santo state
IG:
     the area of Iguacu Falls
MN
:   Minas Gerais state
MS:  
Mato Grosso do Sul state, including the southern Pantanal 
MT:
   Mato Grosso state, excluding Alta Floresta/Rio Cristalino  (including the northern Pantanal, 
         Chapada dos Guimaraes, Serra das Araras, and the Jardim da Amazonia, in central MT near the Rio Claro)
RS:    Rio Grande do Sul in far-southern Brazil 
SE:  
  southeast Brazil (in the states of Rio de Janeiro & Sao Paulo, including the areas of Itatiaia National Park, and
         Cubatao, Ubatuba, Angra dos Reis, and Cabo Frio along the coast) 

UG:    in Uruguay, near Rio Grande do Sul 

(ph):  species with a PHOTO IN THE FONT WEB-SITE



FOR A NUMBER OF MAMMALS BELOW, BRAZILIAN NAMES ARE GIVEN BENEATH THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES, AFTER "BR:"

AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES FOLLOW THE MAMMALS. FOR THEM, BRAZILIAN NAMES ARE ALSO GIVEN BENEATH THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES, AFTER "BR:"



During the FONT Brazil Tour in Mato Grosso do Sul during September 2006, mammals seen during one night's "safari" included: a JAGUAR, 7 OCELOTS, a PANTANAL CAT, a MANED WOLF, 2 BRAZILIAN TAPIRS, and a number of GIANT ANTEATERS in addition to MARSH DEER, BROCKET DEER, YELLOW ARMADILLO, TAPITI (or BRAZILIAN RABBIT), many CAPYBARAS, CRAB-EATING FOX, CRAB-EATING RACCOON, and various BATS (along with an assortment of nocturnal birds: OWLS & NIGHTJARS).



Some of the FONT group participants in September 2006
who saw the animals & birds noted above.


Links to Mammal Groupings in this list:

Armadillos   Anteaters   Sloths   Porcupines   Agoutis & Paca   Capybara   

Cats
   Foxes & other canines   Otters & allies   Coatis & Raccoon   Bats

Marmosets & Tamarins   New World Monkeys   Dolphins   Peccaries   Deer   Tapir   


Other links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Brazil    Upcoming FONT Tours Elsewhere

FONT Brazil Past Tour Highlights    Photo Galleries & Narratives from past FONT tours

A List & Photo Gallery of Brazil Birds, in 3 parts (1,718 species): 
Part 1: Tinamous to Doves    
Part 2: Macaws to Flycatchers     
Part 3: Antshrikes to Woodcreepers
    Part 4: Vireos to Grosbeaks   

Other Lists & Photo Galleries of:    
Mammals    Birds    Butterflies    Amphibians, Reptiles  

Directory of Photos in this Website



Mammals:

   
      AMERICAN OPOSSUMS - Family Didelphidae

  1. White-eared Opossum (*) (ph)  ______ AF, SE, UG  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge) 
    Didelphis albiventris 
    BR: Gamba de Orelha Branca



    A White-eared Opossum photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Bob Enever in October 2010)
     

  2. Big-eared Opossum  (*)  ______  SE  (in southeastern Brazil, northeast Argentina in Missiones, and in Paraguay, in forests)
    Didelphis aurita 
    (was at one time considered a population of Didelphis marsupialis)

  3. Guianan White-eared Opossum  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
    Didelphis imperfecta

  4. Brown-eared Woolly Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northeast Argentina in Misiones, in forest)
    Caluromys lanatus

  5. Bare-tailed Woolly Opossum  ______  (from Venezuela to eastern Brazil, in rainforest and plantations)
    Caluromys philander

  6. Black-shouldered Opossum  ______  (in western Brazil and eastern Peru, in rainforest in the Amazon basin) 
    Caluromysiops irrupta

  7. Bushy-tailed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, in lowland rainforest in the Amazon basin)
    Glironia venusta

  8. Water Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina in misiones, locally in hill forest streams and rivers)
    Chironectes minimus

  9. Gray Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina, in lowland forest and gardens)
    Philander opossum

  10. McIlhenny's Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian brazil and northeast Peru, in rainforest)
    Philander mcilhennyi 

  11. Southeastern (or Bridled) Four-eyed Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in forest)
    Philander frenata
    BR: Cuica-de-quatro-olhos


  12. Anderson's Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru, in lowland rainforest)
    Philander andersoni

  13. Brown Four-eyed Opossum  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina in misiones, in forest and forest edge)
    Metachirus nudicaudatus 
    (the single member of its genus)

  14. Northern Three-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, in Atlantic Forest from Para to Santa Catarina, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones)  
    Monodelphis americana

  15. Northern Red-sided Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge) 
    Monodelphis brevicaudata

  16. Yellow-sided Opossum  ______  (in central & southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeast Argentina, in grassland and marshes) 
    Monodelphis dimidiata

  17. Long-nosed Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil from Espiritu Santo to Santa Catarina, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in lowland Atlantic Forest)  
    Monodelphis scalops

  18. Southern Red-sided Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and in southern Paraguay and northeast Argentina, in Atlantic Forest)
    Monodelphis sorex

  19. Southern Threee-striped Opossum  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and in Peru) 
    Monodelphis theresa 

  20. Gray Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, and Bolivia and Paraguay, in dry savannas, scrub, caatinga, and gardens)
    Monodelphis domestica
    BR: Cuica-de-rabo-curto

  21. Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum  ______  (in central Brazil, north to the river Amazonas, and in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia, in lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin)
    Monodelphis emiliae 

  22. Ihering's Three-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Monodelphis iheringi

  23. Pygmy Short-tailed Opossum  (t2)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and Bolivia, in forest and regrowth areas - there are very few records)
    Monodelphis kunsi

  24. Marajo Short-tailed Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in Para, on Marajo and Caldeirao Islands)
    Monodelphis maraxina

  25. Chestnut-striped Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, from Goias to Sao Paulo, in forest)
    Monodelphis rubida

  26. Red Three-striped Opossum  (t3) (BRe)  ______
    Monodelphis umbristriata

  27. One-striped Opossum  (t1)  ______  (in the Itarare region of Sao Paulo)
    Monodelphis unistriata

    Monodelphis unistriata
    is possibly extinct. It is only known from a specimen collected prior to 1842. 

  28. Lutrine Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, by streams and lagoons)
    Lutreolina crassicaudata 
    (the single member of its genus)

  29. Dwarf Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in interior east-central Brazil, in cerrado and caatinga habitats) 
    Thylamys velutinus

  30. Karimi's Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  (t3) (BRe)  ______  (in central & northeastern Brazil, in cerrado and caatinga)
    Thylamys karimii

  31. Long-tailed Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum  ______  (in southern Brazil and Paraguay)
    Thylamys macrurus

  32. Rufous Mouse Opossum  ______  (from eastern Colombia & Suriname to southern Brazil, very locally in forest)
    Marmosa lepida

  33. Linnaeus's Mouse Opossum  (ph)  ______  (has been called the Murine Mouse Opossum  (from Colombia to southeast Brazil, in forest, roadside brush, and gardens) 
    Marmosa murina




    A Linneaus's Mouse-Opossum photographed during a FONT tour 
    This little animal has been in the nest of an Hornero.


  34. Dorothy's Slender Mouse-Opossum  ______  (from southern Amazonian Brazil to central Bolivia, in dense thickets in forest)
    Marmosa dorothea

  35. Gray Slender Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Forest from Bahia to Parana) 
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) incanus
    BR: Cuica, or Marmosa

  36. Neblina Slender Opossum  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, and in Venezuela and eastern Ecuador, in both montane and lowland forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) neblina

  37. White-bellied Slender Opossum  ______  (in the Amazon basin of western Brazil, eastern Ecuador, eastern peru, and Bolivia, in swamps and riparian habitats in forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) noctivaga

  38. Delicate Slender Opossum ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil, in primary terra firme forest of the Amazon forest) 
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) parvidens

  39. Brazilian Slender Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, from southern Minas Gerais to Sao Paulo, in montane Atlantic Forest)
    Marmosops (has been Marmosa) paulensis

  40. Pinheiro's Slender Opossum  ______  (species described in 1981; occurs in far-northeastern Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela)
    Marmosops pinheiroi 

  41. Agile Gracile Opossum  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, and in eastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina, in forest) 
    Gracilinanus agilis
    BR: Catita, or Guaiquica

  42. Agricola's Gracile Opossum  (BRe)  ______  (only a few known individuals in Ceara)
    Cryptonanus agricolai

  43. Brazilian Gracile Opossum  ______  (in southeast Brazil, from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in Atlantic Forest and regrowth areas) 
    Gracilinanus microtarsus 

  44. Emilia's Gracile Opossum  ______  (in northeast Brazil, and in Colombia, Suriname, and French Guiana, in lowland forest - there are very few records)
    Gracilinanus emiliae

  45. Woolly Mouse Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina in Misiones, in forest and gardens) 
    Micoureus demerarae

  46. Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse-Opossum  ______  (from Colombia to central Amazonian Brazil, in forest and gardens)
    Micoureus regina 

  47. White-bellied Woolly Mouse Opossum  ______  (from southern Brazil and eastern Bolivia to northwest Argentina, in mid-elevation forest) 
    Micoureus constantiae   


    ARMADILLOS - Family Dasypodiidae

  48. Southern Long-nosed Armadillo  ______  (in southern Brazil, and in southern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay, in grasslands)
    Dasypus hybridus

  49. Great Long-nosed Armadillo  ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, in from eastern Colombia to Suriname and south to Peru, in forest)
    Dasypus kappieri

  50. Nine-banded (or Common Long-nosed) Armadillo (*) (ph)  ______ MS, MT  (from the southern USA south to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in forests, savannas, llanos, and caatinga)    
    Dasypus novemcinctus
    BR: Tatu-galinha



    Nine-banded Armadillo

  51. Seven-banded Armadillo  ______  (in southeastern Amazonian & eastern Brazil, and in Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, in grassland and forest)
    Dasypus septemcinctus


  52. Six-banded (or Yellow) Armadillo (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT  (in northeast & north-central Brazil south to Bolivia, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, also eastern Suriname; in rainforest and savannas)
    Euphractus sexcinctus 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Tatu-peba



    Six-banded Armadillo

  53. Southern Three-banded Armadillo  ______  (from south-central Brazil to central Argentina, also in southeastern Bolivia; in dry areas)
    Tolypeutes matacus

  54. Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Bahia, Ceara, and pernambuco, in cerraqdo and caatinga) 
    Tolypeutes tricinctus

  55. Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and in southeastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay, in open areas)
    Cabassous tatouay

  56. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in forest and savannas)
    Cabassous unicinctus

  57. Giant Armadillo  (t2) (ph)  ______  (from Venezuela south to northern Argentina, in forests and savannas)  
    Priodontes maximus 
    (the single member of its genus)



    Giant Armadillo


    AMERICAN ANTEATERS - Family Myrmecophagidae (includes Cyclopedidae)

  58. Giant Anteater (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MN, MS, MT  (from southern Costa Rica, where rare if it still exists, south to Paraguay and northern Argentina, formerly in Uruguay and north to Guatemala, in grasslands, savannas, and forest)   
    Myrmecophaga tridactyla 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Tamandua Bandeira



    The above Giant Anteater was photographed at night during our Brazil Tour 
    in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006. 
    We saw a nice number of these animals both day & night.
    In the photo, the head of the anteater is to the right, with its long nose 
    toward the ground as the animal feeds. Note the small ear.  
    (Above photo by Andy Smith)

    Below is another photograph of a Giant Anteater, walking in open countryside 
    of Brazilian grassland.



      















     

  59. Southern Tamandua  (or Collared Anteater)  (ti) (*) ______  MT  (from Venezuela and French Guiana south to northern Argentina and Uruguay, in forest, savannas, and grasslands)
    Tamandua tetradactyla
    BR: Tamandua-de-colete
    or Mambira or Tamandua Mirim

  60. Silky Anteater  ______  (from Mexico south to central Brazil, in rainforest and regrowth areas)
    Cyclopes didactylus
      


    TWO-TOED SLOTHS - Family Megalonychidae

  61. Linnaeus's (or Southern) Two-toed Sloth  ______  (from Colombia south to Amazonian Brazil and Peru, in forest)
    Choloepus didactylus

  62. Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth  (ph)  ______  (from Honduras south to western Amazonian Brazil, and to Peru and eastern Bolivia, in forest and regrowth areas)
    Chlorepus hoffmanni


    THREE-TOED SLOTHS - Family Bradypodidae

  63. Pale-throated Three-toed Sloth (*) ______  AM  (in Amazonian Brazil south to the River Negro, and along both banks of the lower River Amazonas, also from eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, in forest) 
    Bradypus tridactylus
    BR: Preguica de bentinho  

  64. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth  ______  (from Honduras to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas)
    Bradypus variegatus 

  65. Maned Three-toed Sloth (t2) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______ SE  (from Bahia to Sao Paulo, in remnant patches of Atlantic Forest)
    Bradypus torquatus
    BR:  Preguica de coleira



    A rare Maned Three-toed Sloth.
    Bradypus torquatus,
    clinging on the trunk of a Cecropia Tree
    (photographed by Marie Gardner during the FONT March '08 Brazil Tour)
     

    RABBITS - Family Leporidae

  66. Forest Rabbit (*)  ______ MN, MS, MT  (also called Tapeti, and Brazilian Rabbit)
    Sylvilagus
    (formerly Tapeti) brasiliensis
    BR: Coelho

  67. European Hare (i) (*) ______ RS, UG
    Lepus europaeus

      

    SQUIRRELS - Family Sciuridae

  68. Guianan Squirrel (*) (ph)  ______  IG, MN, SE  (also called Brazilian Squirrel)
    Sciurus
    (formerly Guerlinguetus) aestuans ingrami  (subspecies in se Brazil)
    BR: Esquilo, or Caxinguele



    A Guianan, or Brazilian, Squirrel photographed during the October 2009 FONT tour in Brazil  
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  69. Yellow-throated Squirrel  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil)
    Sciurus
    (formerly Guerlinguetus) gilvigularis

  70. Bolivian Squirrel  ______  (in southwestern Brazil)
    Sciurus
    (formerly Guerlinguetus) ignitus

  71. Northern Amazonian Red Squirrel  ______  (in northwestern Brazil)
    Sciurus
    (formerly Urosciurus) igniventris 

  72. Southern Amazonian Red Squirrel (*) ______  AF, AM
    Sciurus
    (formerly Urosciurus) spadiceus
    BR: Esquilo

  73. Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel  ______
    Sciurillus pusillus

  74. Amazon Dwarf Squirrel  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
    Microsciurus flaviventer

  75. Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel  (*)  ______  am
    Sciurillus pusillus


    NEW WORLD RATS & MICE & allies - Family Cricetidae

  76. Brazilian Arboreal Mouse (t2) (BRe) ______  (another name has been Rufescent Rhagomys (very few records from the states of Minas Gerais & Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil) 
    Rhagomys rufescens 
    (the single member of its genus)

  77. Web-footed Marsh Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, and east-central Argentina, in lowland marshes)
    Holochilus brasiliensis

  78. Wagner's Marsh Rat  (or Common Marsh Rat) (*)  ______  (from Venezuela south to Bolivia and central Brazil, in rice and sugar cane fields, and wetland habitats)
    Holochilus sciureus

  79. Brasilia Mouse (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region) (another name has been Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse)
    Microakodontomys transitorius

  80. Guianan (or North Amazonian) Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (from southeast Venezuela, French Guiana, south to the Amazon River in central Amazonian Brazil, in forests)
    Oecomys auyantepui

  81. Bicolored Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, in lowland forests and savannas)
    Oceomys bicolor

  82. Cleber's Arboreal Rice Rat (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region, only known from the type locality)
    Oecomys cleberi

  83. Unicolored Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in northwest Brazil, eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and northern Bolivia, in lowland forests and clearings)
    Oecomys concolor

  84. Mamore Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in southwest Brazil, northern Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia) 
    Oecomys mamorae

  85. Brazilian Arboreal Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in forests south of the Amazon River in central Amazonian Brazil)
    Oecomys paricola

  86. King Arboreal Rice Rat  ______  (in northern Brazil, eastern Venezuela, and the Guianas)
    Oecomys rex

  87. Robert's Arboreal Rice Rat  ______ (in the Amazon basin from the Guianas and southern Venezuela to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia)
    Oecomys roberti

  88. Trinidad Arboreal Rice Rat  ______
    Oecomys trinitatis

  89. Rio Jurua Spiny Mouse  ______  (in the Amazon basin in western Brazil and eastern Ecuador)
    Scolomys juruaense  

  90. Ruschi's Rat  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais and Espiritu Santo, in forests; very few records)
    Abrawayaomys ruschii

  91. Delomys collinus  ______

  92. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil and extreme northeast Argentina, in forest)
    Delomys dorsalis

  93. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Coastal Forest)  
    Delomys sublineatus

  94. Juliomys anoblepas  (now extinct)  ______

  95. Juliomys ossitenuis  ______

  96. Short-haired Julio Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina in Misiones, in dense forest) 
    Juliomys pictipes  

  97. Long-haired Julio Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Serra de Mantiqueira at Brejo de Lapa)
    Juliomys rimofrons

  98. Emmon's Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, in Para, in the area of the Xingu River)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) emmonsae

  99. Buffy-sided Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the area of the Jordas River) (was called the Monster Rice Rat)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) lamia

  100. MacConnell's Rice Rat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to Suriname and Peru, in lowland rainforest)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) macconnelli

  101. Elegant Rice Rat  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and from eastern Ecuador to northwest Argentina, in lowland forest and regrowth areas) 
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) nitidus

  102. Russet Rice Rat  ______  (in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeast Argentina)
    Euryoryzomys (formerly Oryzomys) russatus

    What was Oryzomys kelloggi, the Kellogg's Rice Rat, is now part of Euryoryzomys russatus. Oryzomys kelloggi was said to occur in Minas Gerais in the region of the Fazenda Sao Geraldo.

  103. Brazilian Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______
    Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) laticeps 
    (change of genus for this & other species in this group in 2005)

    What was Oryzomys seuanezi, the Seuanez's Rice Rat, is now part of Hylaeamys laticeps

  104. Large-headed Rice Rat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, also from eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, and south to Paraguay, in lowland forest)
    Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) megacephalus  

  105. Sowbug Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Pernambuco, in the Sao Torenzo region)
    Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) oniscus  

  106. Western Amazonian (or Allen's) Rice Rat  ______  (in western Amazonia, in western Brazil, southeast Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia)
    Hylaeamys (formerly Oryzomys) perenensis

  107. Cerradomys langguthi  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2008; was part of Cerradomys subflavus

  108. Maracaju Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in Bolivia, Paraguay, and nearby Brazil and Peru)
    Cerradomys
    (formerly Oryzomys) maracajuensis

  109. Marinho's Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2003; only in cerrado habitat in the state of Goias, in Jaborandi, at the Fazenda Sertao de Formoso (formerly Jucurutu)  
    Cerradomys
    (formerly Oryzomys) marinhus

  110. Lindbergh's Rice Rat  ______  (recently described in 2002; occurs in south-central Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay) 
    Cerradomys
    (formerly Oryzomys) scotti

  111. Terraced Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in dry forests of eastern Brazil; in the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Goias)
    Cerradomys
    (formerly Oryzomys) subflavus

  112. Cerradomys vivoi  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2008; was part of Cerradomys subflavus) (occurs in eastern Brazil, in Bahia, Goias, and Sergipe)

  113. Paraguayan Rice Rat  ______  (in southern Brazil, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay, in forest and cerrado)
    Sooretamys
    (formerly Oryzomys) angouya  (the change of genus was in 2006) 

  114. Chacoan Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in west-central Brazil, Bolivia, western Paraguay, and northern Argentina, in grasslands, thorn scrub, and forest in the Gran Chaco region)
    Oligoryzomys chacoensis

  115. Brazilian Pygmy Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______   (in central & southeast Brazil)
    Oligoryzomys eliurus

  116. Yellow Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, and northeast Argentina, in marshes and riparian habitats)
    Oligoryzomys flavescens

  117. Fulvous Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (from Mexico to northern Brazil, in forest clearings and regrowth areas)
    Oligoryzomys fulvescens

  118. Small-eared Pygmy Rat Rat  ______  (from central Brazil south to Paraguay & northern Argentina, in forest edge & regrowth areas)
    Oligoryzomys microtis

  119. Oligoryzomys moojeni  ______

  120. Black-footed Pygmy Rice Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northern Argentina, and Uruguay, in forests, regrowth areas, and farmland) 
    Oligoryzomys nigripes 

  121. Oligoryzomys ripestris  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2005; known at 2 localities: at Chapada Diamantinha in the state of Bahia, and Chapada dos Veadeiros in the state of Goias) 

  122. Straw-colored Pygmy Rice Rat  (BRe)  ______  (at Terezina de Goias, in Goias)
    Oligoryzomys stramineus   

  123. Dubost's Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Amapa in northeast Brazil, and southeast Suriname & French Guiana)
    Neacomys dubosti

  124. Guiana Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Amazonian Brazil, and southern Venezuela to Suriname)
    Neacomys guianae

  125. Jurua Bristly Mouse  (or Small Bristly Mouse)  (BRe)  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, in primary rainforest)
    Neacomys minutus

  126. Manu Bristly Mouse  (or Musser's Bristly Mouse)  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, in primary rainforest)
    Neacomys musseri

  127. Negro Bristly Mouse  (or Paracou Bristly Mouse)   ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, in primary rainforest)
    Neacomys paracou

  128. Northern (or Common) Bristly Mouse  ______  (in central Brazil, and from eastern Colombia to eastern Bolivia, in lowlands in the Amazon basin)
    Neacomys spinosus

  129. Narrow-footed Bristly Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, Colombia, northeast Venezuela, and eastern Ecuador, in dense rainforest)
    Neacomys tenuipes

  130. Short-tailed Cane Rat  (or Common Cane Mouse)  ______  (from Costa Rica to northern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland marshes, grassland, and farmland)
    Zygodontomys brevidauda

  131. Brazilian False Rice Rat  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, northeast Argentina, Paraguay, and southeast Bolivia, in lowland alluvial grasslands)  
    Pseudoryzomys simplex

  132. Lund's Amphibious Rat  (or Greater Marsh Rat)  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sol, and Uruguay, in dense reedbeds and wet grasslands) 
    Lundomys molitor

  133. Greater Wilfred's Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil south to central Uruguay, in dense forest)  
    Wilfredomys oenax

  134. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in the Rio de Janeiro region, known only from the holotype specimen collected in the 19th Century)  
    Phaenomys ferrugineus 

  135. Gardner's Climbing Mouse  ______
    Rhipidomys gardneri

  136. White-footed Climbing Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, southern Venezuela and French Guiana south to Peru, in lowland rainforest) 
    Rhipidomys leucodactylus

  137. MacConnell's Climbing Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil and southeast Venezuela and western Guyana, in submontane forest)
    Rhipidomys macconnelli

  138. Long-tailed Climbing Mouse  _____  (in central and eastern Brazil)
    Rhipidomys mastacalis

  139. Splendid Climbing Mouse  ______  (in north-central Brazil and southern Venezuela and French Guiana) 
    Rhipidomys nitela  

  140. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2005; known only from 1 locality in Bahia)
    Wiedomys cerradensis 

  141. Red-nosed Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern and southeastern Brazil from Ceara to Rio Grande do Sul, in dry deciduous forest and scrub in cerrado and caatinga)
    Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos

  142. Azara's Grass Mouse (*) ______  SE  (in southern Brazil, Uruguay, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia, in thorn scrub, grassland, and marshes) 
    Akodon azarai

  143. Cursor Grass Mouse  ______  (in central & southern Brazil, Uruguay, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay, in forest and savannas)
    Akodon cursor  
    BR: Rato-de-chao

  144. Kemp's Grass Mouse  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and in east-central Argentina & Uruguay, in wet grasslands and riparian habitats
    Akodon
    (formerly Deltamys) kempi

  145. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the Brasilia region)
    Akodon lindberghi

  146. Montane Grass Mouse  ______  (in Brazil from eastern Mato Grosso do Sul to the coast; in southeast Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and in gallery forests in Minas Gerais and Goias; also in eastern Paraguay and northeast Argentina)
    Akodon montensis 

  147. Caparao Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, on Mt. Caparao)
    Akodon mystax

  148. Blackish Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, and southeast Paraguay, in forest)
    Akodon nigrita

  149. Parana Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and northeast Misiones in Argentina)
    Akodon paranaensis

  150. Reig's Grass Mouse  ______  (recently described in 1998; occurs in Uruguay and in extreme southern Brazil in Rio Grande do Sul)
    Akodon reigi

  151. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Sao Paulo state on the north bank of the rivers Juquia and Eta)
    Akodon sanctipaulensis

  152. Serra do Mar Grass Mouse  ______  (in southeast Brazil and Misiones in northeast Argentina, in forest) 
    Akodon serrensis

  153. Northern Grass Mouse  ______  (in northern Brazil, eastern Colombia, and Venezuela, in forest, regrowth areas, and clearings)
    Akodon urichi

  154. Hairy-tailed Bolo Mouse  ______  (in central & southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and Misiones in northeast Argentina, in forest edge, grasslands, and cerrado) 
    Nectomys (formerly Bolomys) lasiurus    
    BR: Rato-do-mato

  155. Amazonian Nectomys  ______  (recently described in 2000; in Brazil, Colombia, the Guianas, and Venezuela, in forest, cerrado, and caatinga) 
    Nectomys rattus  

  156. Atlantic Forest Nectomys  (has been called Scaly-footed Water Rat)  ______  (from Colombia south to northeast Argentina and southeast Brazil, in forest, riparian habitats, and farmland)
    Nectomys squamipes

  157. Cerrado Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the cerrado in central Brazil) (has been called Cerrado Akodont)
    Thalpomys cerradensis

  158. Hairy-eared Cerrado Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in the cerrado of central Brazil)  (has been called Hairy-eared Akodont)
    Thalpomys lasiotis

  159. Brazilian Shrew Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central & southeast Brazil, from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, in deep litter in montane rainforest)
    Blarinomys breviceps

  160. White-nosed Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Brucepattersonius albinasus

  161. Gray-bellied Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Brucepattersonius griserufescens

  162. Red-bellied Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Brucepattersonius igniventris

  163. Iherling's Hocicudo  ______  (in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and in northeast Argentina)
    Brucepattersonius iheringi

  164. Soricine Brucie  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil)
    Brucepattersonius soricinus


  165. Amazonian Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, in the area of the lower Tapajos River)      
    Oxymycterus amazonicus

  166. Angular Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Brazil, in Pernambuco)
    Oxymycterus angularis

  167. Caparao Hocicudo  (BRe) (*)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Caparao region)
    Oxymycterus caparaoe

  168. Hispid Hocicudo  ______  (in eastern Brazil and Misiones in Argentina)
    Oxymycterus hispidus

  169. Long-nosed Hocicudo  ______  (in southeast Brazil & Uruguay)
    Oxymycteus nasutus

  170. Robert's Hocicudo  (BRe)  ______  (in Minas Gerais, in the Jordao River region)
    Oxymycterus roberti

  171. Red Hocicudo  ______  (in southeast Brazil, southeast Paraguay, northeast & east-central Argentina, and Uruguay, in wet grasslands, riparian habitats, and scrub) 
    Oxymycterus rufus

  172. Candango Mouse  (BRe)  (now extinct)  ______  (in the Brasilia region) 
    Juscelinomys candango  

    The name for the genus Juscelinomys was derived from that of the Brazilian president Juselino Kubitschek de Oliveira who created the city of Brasilia, where Juseclinomys candango was found in 1965. Subsequently, however, its habitat was overtaken by urban sprawl, and the species is now presumed to be extinct.    

    Two other species in the Juscelinomys genus occur in Bolivia, in addition to the species listed here. 

  173. Molelike Mouse (like Juscelinomys candango, it has also been called the Brasilia Burrowing Mouse) (t3) (BRe)  ______  (there seems to be some vagueness in the literature as to this and the preceding species)
    Juscelinomys vulpinus  

  174. Juscelinomys talpinus  (BRe) ______  (known only from subfossil remains)

  175. Large Vesper Mouse  ______  (in southern & eastern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, farmland, and riparian habitats)
    Calomys callosis

  176. Calomys cerqueirai  (BRe)  ______  (known only at 2 places in Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa & Capitao Andrade; the karyotype was first described in 1996, and the species was formally named in 2010)

  177. Caatinga Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast & central Brazil, from Piaui and Ceara southwest through Goias and Minas Gerais; it is found in both cerrado (savanna) and caatinga (thorny scrub) habitats) (another name has been Rejected Vesper Mouse)
    Calomys expulsus

  178. Small Vesper Mouse  ______  (in west-central & southeast Brazil, southeast Bolivia, Paraguay, northeast & eat-central Argentina, and Uruguay, in savannas and grasslands)
    Calomys laucha

  179. Delicate Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil)
    Calomys tener   ______
    BR: Rato-do-mato

  180. Tocantins Vesper Mouse  (BRe)  ______  (recently described in 2003; in the Brazilian states of Goias, Mato Grosso, and Tocantins, in transitional areas between Amazon forest and cerrado)  
    Calomys tocantinsi 

  181. Gray Leaf-eared Mouse  ______
    Graomys griseoflavus

  182. Alston's Cotton Rat  ______  (in northern Brazil and from Colombia to Suriname, in lowland grasslands)
    Sigmodon alstoni

  183. Waterhouse's Swamp Rat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, Uruguay, northeast & east-central Argentina, and Paraguay, in flooded grasslands and salt marshes)
    Scapteromys tumidus

  184. Fossorial Giant Rat  ______  (in east-central Brazil and north-central Argentina, in marshes)
    Kunsia fronto

  185. Woolly Giant Rat  ______  (in west-central Brazil and northeast Bolivia, in deeps soils)
    Kunsia tomentosus

  186. Large-lipped Crimson-nosed Rat  ______
    Bibimys labiosus0



    TRUE MICE & RATS - Subfamily Murinae

  187. Western House Mouse (i) (*) ______  SE  (was conspecific with the Eastern House Mouse, native to Eurasia, Mus musculus
    Mus domesticus 
    BR: Cachita

  188. Brown Rat (i) (*) ______  AM, RS  (has also been called "Norway Rat")
    Rattus norvegicus


    NEW WORLD PORCUPINES - Family Erethizontidae

  189. Brazilian Porcupine (*) ______  MT  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Coendou prehensilis
    BR: Ourico-cacheiro,
    or Porco-espinho

  190. Black Dwarf Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Koopman's Porcupine)
    Coendou nycthemera

  191. Bahia Hairy Dwarf Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Bahia Dwarf Porcupine)
    Spiggurus (formerly Coendon) insidiosus

  192. Black-tailed Hairy Dwarf Porcupine  ______
    Spiggurus
    (formerly Coendou) melanurus 

  193. Van Roosmalens' Porcupine  (BRe)  ______  (also called Roosmalen's Dwarf Porcupine)
    Spiggurus (formerly Coendou) roosmalenorum

  194. South American (or Paraguaian) Tree Porcupine  ______  
    Spiggurus (formerly Coendon) spinosus

  195. Orange-spined Porcupine  (BRe)  ______
    Spiggurus
    (formerly Coendou) villosus

  196. Bristle-spined Porcupine  ______
    Chaetomys subspinosus 
    (the single member of its genus) 


    AGOUTIS & PACAS - Family Agoutidae

  197. Red Acouchi  ______
    Myoprocta acouchy

  198. Green Acouchi  ______
    Myoprocta pratti  (formerly exilis)

  199. Azara's Agouti (*) ______  IG, MS, MT
    Dasyprocta azarae
    BR: Cutia

  200. Black Agouti  ______
    Dasyprocta fuliginosa

  201. Brazilian Agouti (*) (ph)  ______  AF, AM, MN  (was called Red-rumped Agouti)
    Dasyprocta leporina
    (formerly agouti)
    BR: Cutia

  202. Black-rumped Agouti  (BRe)  ______
    Dasyprocta prymnolopha

  203. Lowland Paca (*) ______ af,mn,mt  (also called Spotted Paca)
    Cuniculus
    (formerly Agouti) paca
    BR: Paca  


    PACARANA - Family Dinomyidae

  204. Pacarana  (t2)  ______  (in western Brazil in the Amazon basin)
    Dinomys branickii 
    (the single member of its genus & family) 


    CAVIES & GUINEA-PIGS - Family Caviidae

  205. Spix's Yellow-toothed Cavy (*) _____(from eastern Bolivia to northeastern Brazil, occurring in open savanna and semiarid habitats such as cerrado and caatinga) 
    Galea spixii

  206. Brazilian Yellow-toothed Cavy  (BRe)  ______
    Galea flavidens

  207. Brazilian Guinea Pig (*) ______  MS, MT
    Cavia aperea
    BR: Prea

  208. Shiny Guinea Pig  (BRe)  ______  (in coastal east-central Brazil)
    Cavia fulgida

  209. Santa Catarina Guinea Pig  (BRe)  ______  (only on Moleques do Sul Island in Santa Catarina state in southeast Brazil)
    Cavia intermedia

  210. Greater Guinea Pig (*) ______  RS  (in southeast Brazil - and Uruguay)
    Cavia magna

  211. Acrobat Cavy  (BRe) ______  (by the River Sao Mateus in the state of Goias) (also called Climbing Cavy)
    Kerodon acrobata

  212. Rock Cavy  (BRe) (*) ______  MN
    Kerodon rupestris


    CAPYBARA - Family Hydrochoeridae

  213. Capybara (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT, RS, SE
    Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris 
    (the single member of its genus & its family) 
    BR: Capivara, or Cupido



    Capybaras were seen both day (above) & night (below) during our
    tours in Mato Grosso do Sul, not only in September 2006 
    (when these photos were taken), but during every FONT tour in that area. 



    Another photo (below) of an adult & young Capybaras was taken during the 
    FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul, in August 2008.
    (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims) 





    DEGUS & TUCO-TUCOS - Family Octodontidae (mostly in Argentina & Chile)

  214. Brazilian Tuco-tuco  (BRe) (*) ______  MN  (in southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais)
    Ctenomys brasiliensis 

  215. Flammarion's Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______
    Ctenomys flammarioni

  216. Lami Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______  (endemic to an area in Rio Grande do Sul, in sand dunes)
    Ctenomys lami

  217. Tiny Tuco-tuco  ______
    Ctenomys minutus

  218. Natterer's Tuco-tuco  (BRe)  ______  (in southwest Brazil, in Mato Grosso)
    Ctenomys nattereri

  219. Rondon's Tuco-tuco  ______
    Ctenomys rondoni

  220. Collared Tuco-tuco  ______
    Ctenomys torquatus



    SPINY RATS and allies - Family Echimyidae

  221. Callistomys pictus  (BRe)  ______

  222. Carterodon sulcidens  (BRe)  ______

  223. Clyomys bishopi  (BRe)  ______

  224. Clyomys laticeps  (BRe)  ______

  225. Dactylomys boliviensis  ______

  226. Dactylomys dactylinus  ______

  227. Echimys chrysurus  ______

  228. Echimys grandis  ______

  229. Euryzygomatomys guiara  ______

  230. Euryzygomatomys spinosus  ______

  231. Isothrix histriata  ______

  232. Isothrix negrensis  (BRe)  ______

  233. Isothrix pagurus  (BRe)  ______

  234. Kannabateomys amblyonyx  ______

  235. Lonchothrix emiliae  (BRe)  ______  

  236. Makalata macrura  ______ 

  237. Common Spiny Tree Rat  (*)  ______  AF
    Mesomys hispidus

  238. Mesomys occultus  (BRe)  ______

  239. Mesomys stimulax  (BRe)  ______

  240. Phyllomys blainvilii  (BRe)  ______

  241. Phyllomys brasiliensis  (BRe)  ______

  242. Phyllomys dasythrix  (BRe)  ______

  243. Phyllomys kerri  (BRe)  ______

  244. Phyllomys lamarum  (BRe)  ______

  245. Phyllomys lundi  (BRe)  ______

  246. Phyllomys mantiqueirensis  (BRe)  ______

  247. Phyllomys medius  (BRe)  ______

  248. Phyllomys nigrispinus  (BRe)  ______

  249. Phyllomys pattoni  (BRe)  ______

  250. Phyllomys thomasi  (BRe)  ______

  251. Phyllomys unicolor  (BRe)  ______

  252. Proechimys amphichoricus  ______

  253. Proechimys brevicauda  ______

  254. Proechimys cayennensis  ______ 

  255. Cuvier's Spiny Rat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil)
    Proechimys cuvieri

  256. Hedgehog Spiny Rat  (BRe) ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
    Proechimys echinothrix

  257. Gardner's Spiny Rat  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil)
    Proechimys gardneri

  258. Goeldi's Spiny Rat  (BRe)  ______  (in southwestern & central Amazonian Brazil) 
    Proechimys goeldii

  259. xCayenne Spiny Rat  ______  (in northern & central Brazil)
    Proechimys guyannensis

  260. Guyanan Spiny Rat  ______  (in northwest Brazil)
    Proechimys hoplomyoides

  261. Proechimys kulinae  ______

  262. Proechimys longicaudatus  ______

  263. Proechimys myosuros  ______

  264. Proechimys oris  ______

  265. Proechimys pattoni  ______

  266. Proechimys quadruplicatus  ______

  267. xHairy Spiny Rat  (BRe)  ______  MN  (in forests of Minas Gerais) 
    Proechimys selosuss

  268. Proechimys simonsi  ______

  269. Proechimys steerei  ______

  270. Punar  (BRe)  ______
    Thrichomys apereoides

  271. Trinomys albispinus  (BRe)  ______

  272. Trinomys dimidiatus  (BRe)  ______

  273. Trinomys eliasi  (BRe)  ______

  274. Trinomys gratiosus  (BRe)  ______

  275. Trinomys iheringi  (BRe)  ______

  276. Trinomys mirapitanga  (BRe)  ______

  277. Trinomys moojeni  (BRe)  ______

  278. Trinomys paratus  (BRe)  ______

  279. Trinomys setosus  (BRe)  ______

  280. Trinomy yonenagae  (BRe)  ______ 


    Family Myocastoridae 


  281. Coypu (*) (ph)  ______  RS, SE, UG  (also known as Nutria)
    Myocastor coypus 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Ratao do Banhado



    A Coypu, or Nutria, photographed during the October 2009 FONT tour
    in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


    CATS - Family Felidae

  282. Puma  (ph)  _____ 
    Puma concolor
    BR: Sussuarana



    Puma

  283. Jaguarundi (ti) (*) ______  MN, MS, MT
    Puma
    yagouaroundi
    BR: Jaguarundi, or  Gato Mourisco  (or Gato Preto for the black morph) 

  284. Pampas Cat  ______
    Leopardus pajeros

  285. Pantanal Cat  (*) (ph)  ______  MS  (was part of the Pampas Cat)
    Leopardus braccata  
    BR: Gato Palheiro




    The Pantanal Cat
    (formerly part of the more-southerly Pampas Cat)
    photographed at night during the FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.

     
  286. Geoffroy's Cat ______  (in southern Brazil)
    Leopardus geoffroyi

  287. Oncilla  (or Little Spotted Cat)  ______
    Leopardus tigrina
    BR: Gato-do-mato-pequeno

  288. Margay  ______
    Leopardus wiedii

  289. Ocelot  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
    Leopardus pardalis
    BR: Gato Maracaja, or Jaguatirica



    An Ocelot photographed at night during the FONT tour in Mato Grosso do Sul
    in September 2006. 
    This wonderful animal has been seen nicely during numerous FONT tours in that area. 
       

  290. Jaguar (*) (ph)  ______  MS
    Panthera
    (formerly Jaguarius) onca  
    BR: Onca Pintada 



    Jaguar
    This mighty animal has been seen during 3 FONT Brazil tours 
    in Mato Grosso do Sul in the last 4 years.
       


    DOGS & FOXES - Family Canidae

  291. Maned Wolf  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MS  
    Chrysocyon brachyurus 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Lobo-guara

    For more about the: MANED WOLF







    The second of the two Maned Wolf photographs above was taken at night 
    during our tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
     
    Below: A Maned Wolf, as we've seen it after dark outside a monastery, 
    during our Brazil tours in Minas Gerais.  




  292. Argentine Gray Fox (*) (ph)   ______  RS  (this species now includes the "Pampas Fox")
    Pseudalopex
    (has previously been Dusicyon) griseus
    BR: Graxaim do Campo

  293. Crab-eating Fox (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
    Cerdocyon
    (has previously been Dusicyon) thous  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Cachorro-do-mato  (or Graxaim)



    Above & below: Crab-eating Foxes photographed at night during our 
    Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006. 
    The species has been seen during every FONT tour in that area.




  294. Hoary Fox (*) ______  MN, MS
    Lycalopex
    (has previously been Dusicyon) vetulus  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Raposinha

  295. Short-eared Dog (*) ______  AF  
    Atelocynus
    (has previously been Dusicyon) microtis  (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Cachorro do Mato 

    The Short-eared Dog is a rarely seen animal.

  296. Bush Dog _____
    Speothos venaticus 
    (the single member of its genus)


    EARED SEALS - Family Otariidae

  297. South American Sea Lion (*) (ph)  ______  RS
    Otaria byronia 
    (the single member of its genus)

  298. South American Fur Seal  ______
    Arctocephalus australis  


    EARLESS SEALS

  299. Southern Elephant Seal  ______
    Mirounga leonina



    OTTERS & ALLIES - Family Mustelidae

  300. Greater Grison (*)  ______  AF  (has also been called Huron)
    Galictis vittata
    BR: Furao 
    (or Furax)

  301. Lesser Grison  (*) (ph)  ______  RS
    Galictis cuja
    BR: Furao


  302. Tayra (*) ______  AF, MN, SE
    Eira batbata 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Irara  (or Papa Mel)

    The Tayra is rather like a South American Marten.

  303. Giant Otter (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT
    Pteronura brasiliensis 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Arianha 



    The Giant Otters above were photographed during a FONT tour in the Pantanal of Brazil.
    Another photo and an color illustration of the species are below.  





    The photo below of 2 Giant Otters was taken during 
    the FONT Brazil Tour in August 2008.
    The animals was first seen resting on wooden steps along a riverbank.
    Later, they entered the water, and swam away.
    (photo courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)   
      


     
  304. Neotropical River Otter (*) ______  MS, MT, RS, SE
    Lutra longicaudus
    BR: Lontra
    or Cachorro-d'agua 

  305. Tropical Weasel  ______
    Mustela africana

  306. Long-tailed Weasel  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
    Mustela frenata 

  307. Striped Hog-nosed Skunk  ______
    Conepatus semistriatus

  308. Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk  ______  (in southern Brazil)
    Conepatus chinga
      


    RACCOONS - Family Procyonidae

  309. Crab-eating Raccoon  (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
    Procyon cancrivorous
    BR: Mao-pelada



    A Crab-eating Raccoon photographed at night 
    during the FONT Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
      

  310. Kinkajou  (ph)  ______
    Poto flavus

  311. Beddard's Olingo  ______  (in far-northern Brazil)
    Bassaricyon beddardi

  312. South American Coati  (*) (ph)  ______  IG, MN, MS, MT, SE
    Nasua nasua
    BR: Quati
    or Quatimunde 





    Above: Two photos of the South American Coati
    Below: a group of them seen during the FONT Brazil tour in August 2008.
    (photo below courtesy of Trevor & Pamela Sims)





    SHEATH-TAILED BATS - Family Emballonuridae

  313. Proboscis Bat (*) ______  AF  (another name is Long-nosed Bat)  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, near water in lowland rainforest)
    Rhynchonycteris naso 
    (the single member of its genus) 



    Proboscis Bat
    (photo by Doris Potter)


  314. Shaggy Bat  ______  (from Mexico to central Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas) 
    Centronycteris maximiliani 
    (the single member of its genus)

  315. Greater White-lined Bat (*) ______  AF, MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and forest edge)
    Saccopteryx bilineata

  316. Frosted White-lined Bat  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, and Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru, in lowland forest)
    Saccopteryx canescens

  317. Amazonian White-lined Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil) 
    Saccopteryx gymnura

  318. Lesser White-lined Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern brazil, in lowland forest)
    Saccopteryx leptura

  319. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
    Cormura brevirostris  (the single member of its genus)

  320. White-winged Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)  
    Peropteryx (formerly Peronymus) leucoptera

  321. Greater Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and forest edge)
    Peropteryx kappleri

  322. Lesser Dog-like Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northern Paraguay, at caves, rock piles, and built-areas in lowlands) 
    Peropteryx macrotis

  323. White-winged Dog-like Bat  ______  (in northern Brazil, a poorly known species, with a "new species" about to be described)
    Peropteryx leucoptera

  324. Short-eared (or Smoky Sheath-tailed) Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to eastern Amazonian Brazil near Belem)
    Cyttarops alecto  (the single member of its genus)

  325. Isabelle's Ghost Bat  ______  (in northwest Brazil & southern Venezuela, in lowland forest & riparian habitats)
    Diclidurus isabellus

  326. Northern Ghost Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Ecuador, and possibly eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation clearings and built-areas)
    Diclidurus albus

  327. Greater Ghost Bat  ______  (from Colombia south to possibly northwestern Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
    Diclidurus ingens

  328. Lesser Ghost Bat  ______  (from southern Venezuela south to Peru and possibly central Brazil, in lowland riparian habitats and clearings in the Amazon basin)   
    Diclidurus scutatus


    FISHING BATS - Family Noctilionidae

  329. Greater Fishing Bat  (also called Bulldog Bat) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowlands forest, and at lakes, rivers, and along coasts)
    Noctilio leporinus

    The wingspan of Noctilio leporinus is a meter, or 3 feet.



    In flight after dark, a Greater Fishing, or Bulldog Bat
      (photo by Burke Korol)

  330. Lesser Fishing Bat  (also called Bulldog Bat) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  (from Mexico to northeast Argentina and southwestern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest clearings and along waterways)
    Noctilio albiventris


    LEAF-CHINNED BATS - Family Mormoopidae

  331. Wagner's Moustached Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)  
    Pteronotus personatus

  332. Common (or Parnell's) Moustached Bat  (ph)   ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and clearings) 
    Pteronotus (formerly Phyllodia) parnellii



    Common Moustached Bat


  333. Davy's Naked-backed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northeastern Brazil, locally in forest and clearings) 
    Pteronotus davyi 

  334. Big Naked-backed Bat  ______  (from Mexico south to Peru and possibly southwest Brazil, in lowland forest)
    Pteronotus gymnonotus


    AMERICAN LEAF-NOSED BATS - Family Phyllostomidae

  335. Behni's Big-eared Bat  ______  (in central Brazil and southern Peru, in forests)
    Micronycteris
    (formerly Glyphonycteris) behnii

  336. Brosset's Big-eared Bat  ______  (recently described in 1998; occurs in northern & western Amazonian Brazil, and in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana, Guyana)
    Micronycteris brosseti

  337. Davies' Big-eared Bat  ______  (also called Graybeard Bat) (from Honduras to Amazonian Brazil, locally in lowland primary rainforest)
    Micronycteris
    (formerly Glyphonycteris) daviesi

  338. Tricolored Big-eared Bat (?)  ______  (from Mexico to southeast Brazil, locally in lowland forest)
    Micronycteris
    (formerly Glyphonycteris) sylvestris  

  339. Orange-throated Big-eared Bat (?)  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest)
    Micronycteris brachyotis

  340. Hairy Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to Amazonian Brazil, locally in forest and forest edge)
    Micronycteris hirsuta

  341. Homez's Big-eared Bat  ______  (in northern Brazil and the Guianas) 
    Micronycteris homezi

  342. Matses' Big-eared Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, in the Rio Galvez drainage, in primary rainforest) 
    Micronycteris matses

  343. Little Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Brazil, in lowland forest)
    Micronycteris megalotis

  344. Common Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in forest and regrowth areas)
    Micronycteris microtis

  345. White-bellied Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and farmland)
    Micronycteris minuta

  346. Sanborn's Big-eared Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in northeastern Brazil, on the Chapada do Araripe plateau) 
    Micronycteris sanborni

  347. Schmidt's Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and forest edge)  
    Micronycteris schmidtorum

  348. Least Big-eared Bat  ______  (in northwestern Brazil and eastern Colombia)
    Micronycteris pusilla

  349. Niceforo's Big-eared Bat  ______  (from Belize and Amazonian Brazil, locally in lowland forest)
    Micronycteris nicerfori

  350. Common Sword-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and farmland)
    Lonchorhina aurita

  351. Strange Sword-nosed Bat  ______  (in Brazil and Venezuela, French Guiana, and Suriname) 
    Lonchorhina inusitata

  352. Long-legged Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, near streams in lowland forest)
    Macrophyllum macrophyllum

  353. Greater Round-eared Bat  ______  (in southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Paraguay)
    Tonatia bidens

  354. Pygmy Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and regrowth areas)    
    Tonatia brasiliense

  355. Carriker's Round-eared Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil, and from southeastern Colombia to Suriname, and south to Bolivia)
    Tonatia carrikeri

  356. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest) 
    Tonatia saurophila

  357. Schulz's Round-eared Bat  ______  (in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and possibly in northern Brazil, in forest)  
    Tonatia schulzi

  358. White-throated Round-eared Bat  ______  (from Honduras to eastern Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)  
    Tonatia silvicola

  359. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest and clearings) 
    Mimon crenulatum

  360. Golden Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland forest) 
    Mimon bennettii

  361. Pale Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest) 
    Phyllostomus discolor

  362. Lesser Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
    Phyllostomus elongatus

  363. Greater Spear-nosed Bat  ______  (from Belize to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings) 
    Phyllostomus hastatus

  364. Pale-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, locally in forest and clearings)
    Phylloderma stenops

  365. Fringe-lipped Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest and farmland)
    Trachops cirrhosus

  366. Big-eared Woolly Bat  ______  (also called Woolly False Vampire Bat) (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest and regrowth areas)  
    Chrotopterus auritus

  367. Spectral Bat  ______  (also called Great False Vampire Bat) (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in forest and grasslands)
    Vampyrum spectrum

  368. Vieira's Flower Bat  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2005)
    Xeronycteris vieirai

  369. Brown Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Mexico to northwest Brazil, locally in forest and clearings)
    Glossophaga commissarisi

  370. Miller's Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Colombia to north-central Amazonian Brazil, in lowland dry forest and llanos)
    Glossophaga longirostris

  371. Common Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and clearings)
    Glossuphaga soricina

  372. Tailed Tailless Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southeastern Brazil and northwestern Argentina, near streams in forest)
    Anoura caudifera

  373. Geoffrey's Tailless Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forest, fruit groves, and clearings)
    Anoura geoffroyi

  374. Lesser Whiskered Long-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest)
    Choeroniscus minor

  375. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat  ______  (from Panama to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest and savannas)
    Lionycteris spurrelli

  376. Bokermann's Nectar Bat  (BRe) (*)  ______  MN  (in Minas Gerais, at Serra do Cipo)
    Lonchophylla bokermanni     

  377. Dekeyser's Nectar Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in the area of Brasilia)
    Lonchophylla dekeyseri

  378. Goldman's Nectar Bat  ______  (in east-central Brazil, and from Costa Rica to Ecuador, in forest and banana groves)
    Lonchophylla mordax

  379. Thomas' Nectar Bat  ______  (from Panama to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings)
    Lonchophylla thomasi

  380. Silky Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, and plantations)
    Carollia brevicauda

  381. Chestnut Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Honduras to Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, in rainforest and regrowth areas)  
    Carollia castanea

  382. Seba's Short-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, in forest clearings, regrowth areas, plantations)    
    Carollia perspicillata 

  383. Fischer's Little Fruit Bat  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to eastern Peru, in lowland rainforest)  
    Rhinophylla fischerae

  384. Dwarf Little Fruit Bat  ______  (in central Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru & Bolivia, in rainforest)
    Rhinophylla pumilio

  385. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in forests and fruit groves) 
    Sturnira lilium

  386. Tilda Yellow-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Colombia to central Brazil, in lowland rainforest) 
    Sturnira tildae

  387. Common Tent-making Bat  (ph)  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and fruit groves)
    Uroderma bilobatum



    Common Tent-making Bats
    (photo by Doris Potter)

  388. Brown Tent-making Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and wetlands)
    Uroderma maqnirostrum

  389. Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Bolivia, in lowland rainforest)
    Platyrrhinus brachycephalus

  390. Heller's Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and fruit groves)  
    Platyrrhinus helleri

  391. Buffy Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in southwestern Amazonian Brazil, and from Colombia to Bolivia, in forest) 
    Platyrrhinus infuscus

  392. White-lined Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in forest)
    Platyrrhinus lineatus

  393. Recife Broad-nosed Bat  ______  (in eastern & southeastern Brazil, and in Guyana, in coastal forest) 
    Platyrrhinus recifinus

  394. Great Stripe-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)
    Vampyrodes caraccioli  

  395. Little Yellow-eared Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
    Vampyressa pusilla

  396. Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat  ______  (from Colombia to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
    Vampyressa bidens

  397. MacConnell's Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to south-central Brazil, in lowland primary rainforest)
    Mesophylla macconnelli

  398. Brazilian Big-eyed Bat  (BRe)   ______  (in east-central & southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro)
    Chiroderma doriae

  399. Little Big-eyed Bat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, in lowland forest and clearings) 
    Chiroderma trinitatum

  400. Hairy Big-eyed Bat  (*)  ______  (from Mexico to south-central Brazil, in lowland forests and fruit groves)
    Chiroderma villosum   

  401. Fringed Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (in southeast Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, in lowlands)  
    Artibeus fimbriatus  

  402. Silver Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to south-central & eastern Brazil) 
    Artibeus glaucus

  403. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat  (ph)   ______  (in addition to the West Indies, from Mexico to southern Brazil & northern Argentina, in forests and plantations)
    Artibeus jamaicensis  



    Jamaican Fruit-eating Bats in a cave


  404. Great Fruit-eating Bat (*) ______  MT  (from Mexico to southern Brazil & northeastern Argentina, in rain forest and clearings)  
    Artibeus lituratus

  405. Dark Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, in lowland rainforest)
    Artibeus obscurus

  406. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil)
    Artibeus planirostris 

  407. Andersen's Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (in western Brazil, and Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) 
    Artibeus anderseni

  408. Gervais' Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to south-central Brazil, in mid-elevation forest)
    Artibeus cinereus

  409. Brown Fruit-eating Bat  ______  (from Colombia to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest)
    Artibeus concolor

  410. Ipanema Bat  (*)  ______  (from Suriname to southeastern Brazil & northern Argentina)
    Pygoderma bilablatum

  411. Little White-shouldered Bat  ______  (from Panama to south-central Brazil, locally in lowland rainforest)
    Ametrida centurio

  412. Visored Bat  ______  (from Colombia to northwestern Amazonian Brazil, and south to northern Bolivia, in forest, plantations, gardens)
    Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum

  413. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, in lowland & mid-elevation forest and farmland)  
    Diphylla ecaudata

  414. White-winged Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowland forest)
    Diaemus youngi

  415. Common Vampire Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in livestock farmland, gardens, forest)
    Desmodus rotundus


    DISK-WINGED BATS - Family Thyropteridae

  416. Peter's Disk-winged Bat  ______  (from Nicaragua to eastern Amazonian Brazil, in lowland forest and fruit groves)  
    Thyroptera discifera

  417. Spix's Disk-winged Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in lowland and mid-elevation forest and regrowth areas)
    Thyroptera tricolor


    THUMBLESS BATS - Family Furipteridae

  418. Thumbless Bat  ______  (from Costa Rica to eastern Brazil, locally in lowland forest) 
    Furipterus horrens


    FUNNEL-EARED BATS - Family Natalidae

  419. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, and from Mexico to Panama, and the West Indies, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
    Natalus stramineus


    FREE-TAILED BATS - Family Molossidae

  420. Cinnamon Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to eastern Brazil, in lowland forest and thorn scrub)
    Cynomops
    (formerly Molossops) abrasus

  421. Greenhall's Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in forest and clearings, usually near water) 
    Molossops greenhalli

  422. Southern Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Panama to southern Brazil, in lowland forest and savannas)
    Cynomops
    (formerly Molossops) planirostris 

  423. Rufous Dog-faced Bat  ______  (in Amazonian Brazil, and in Suriname and Peru) 
    Molossops neglectus

  424. Dwarf Dog-faced Bat  ______  (from Colombia to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, in thorn scrub and chaco habitat)
    Molossops temminckii

  425. Mato Grosso Dog-faced Bat  ______  (in Amazonian & eastern Brazil, locally in arid rocky habitats and the caatinga habitat)
    Molossops matogrossensis

  426. Brazilian (or Mexican) Free-tailed Bat  (ph)  ______  (from the southern US to southern Brazil and central Argentina, locally in dry open areas and forests) 
    Tadarida brasiliensis



    Brazilian (or Mexican) Free-tailed Bat

  427. Peale's Free-tailed Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southeastern Brazil) 
    Nyctinomops aurispinosus

  428. Broad-eared Bat  ______  (from Panama to southern Brazil and northern Argentina; also from mexico to Honduras, and Cuba, in dry forest and scrub) 
    Nyctinomops laticaudatus

  429. Big Free-tailed Bat  ______  (from the southern US to northwest Argentina and Uruguay, in rocky canyons)
    Nyctinomops macrotis

  430. Black Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and savannas)
    Eumops auripendulus

  431. Dwarf Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in lowland dry deciduous forest & scrub)
    Eumops bonariensis

  432. Wagner's Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Florida and Mexico to southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina, also Cuba & Jamaica, in lowland forest, scrub, and built areas) 
    Eumops glaucinus

  433. Sanborn's Bonneted Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Amazonian Brazil, in rainforest and forest edge)
    Eumops hansae

  434. Western Bonneted Bat  ______  (from the southern US to southern Brazil, in rocky canyons)
    Eumops perotis

  435. Brown Mastiff Bat  ______  (from Venezuela to southern Brazil, in forest)
    Promops nasutus

  436. Black Mastiff Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil, in forest, scrub, and built areas)
    Molossus ateer

  437. Barnes' Mastiff Bat  ______   (in Brazil and French Guiana)
    Molossus barnesi   

  438. Velvety (or Pallas's) Free-tailed Bat  (ph)  ______  (from Florida and Mexico to southern Brazil and Uruguay, in forest and built areas)
    Molossus molossus 



    Velvety Free-tailed Bat


    VESPER BATS - Family Vespertilionidae

  439. Brazilian Brown Bat  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in forest and forest edge)
    Eptesicus brasiliensis

  440. Diminutive Serotine  ______  (in eastern Brazil, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and southeastern Paraguay; also Venezuela, in forest)  
    Eptesicus dimninutus

  441. Tadde's Serotine  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2006)
    Eptesicus taddeii

  442. Argentine Brown Bat  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and forest clearings)
    Eptesicus furinalis

  443. Big Brown Bat  ______  (from Canada to northern Brazil, at forest edge)
    Eptesicus fuscus

  444. Strange Big-eared Brown Bat  ______  (in southeast Brazil and Uruguay)
    Histiotus alienus

  445. Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat  ______  (in eastern Brazil, southern Uruguay, southeastern Paraguay, and northern Argentina in Misiones)
    Histiotus velatus

  446. Central American Yellow Bat  ______  (from Mexico to eastern Brazil, in forest, clearings, and built areas)
    Rhogeessa tumida

  447. Southern Yellow Bat  ______  (from Texas to southern Brazil and central Argentina, in lowland scrub and foothill forest)
    Lasiurus ega

  448. Hoary Bat  ______  (from Canada to Guatemala and Colombia to southern Chile, central Argentina, and Uruguay, in forest) 
    Lasiurus cinereus

  449. Ebony Bat  (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in Sao Paulo, in Parque Estadual da Ihla do Cardoso; has been known from a single specimen)
    Lasiurus ebenus

  450. Big Red Bat  ______  (in southern Brazil, French Guiana, eastern Panama; there are very few records)
    Lasiurus egregius 

  451. Silver-haired Myotis  ______  (from Mexico to Uruguay and northern Argentina, in lowland and mid-elevation forest)
    Myotis albescens

  452. Yellowish Myotis  (*)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and Uruguay, north & central Argentina, and south-central Bolivia, in open areas and forest clearings)
    Myotis levis  

  453. Riparian Myotis  (*)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, and in Uruguay, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay north to Honduras)
    Myotis riparius     

  454. Red Myotis  ______  (in southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, and Paraguay)
    Myostis ruber

  455. Velvety Myotis  ______  (from Colombia and Amazonian Brazil to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina, in lowland rainforest)  
    Myotis simus

  456. Black Myotis  (*)  ______  (from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, in forest and built areas)
    Myotis nigricans  


    MARMOSETS & TAMARINS - Family Callitrichidae

  457. Pied Tamarin  (t1) (BRe) (*) ______  AM  (has been called Pied Bare-faced Tamarin)
    Saguinus bicolor
    (now considered a distinct species)
    In previous taxonomy, there were 3 subspecies of what was called the Brazilian Bare-faced Tamarin
    These were:
    Pied Bare-faced Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor bicolor,
    Martin's Bare-faced Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor martinsi,
    Ochraceous Bare-face Tamarin, Saguinus bicolor ochraceous.
    The Pied Bare-faced Tamarin  (seen during the FONT 2005 Brazil Tour) is restricted to a 30 kilometer radius of Manaus. 
    The other 2 species (or subspecies) probably range between the lower Rivers Uatuma and Cumina (Erepecuru); their range limits are not precisely known.
    BR: Sauim  (or Sagui de Cara Nua or Sagi de Duascores)  

  458. Brown-mantled Tamarin  ______  (in north & west Brazil, and in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia, in dense forest) (has  been called Saddle-backed Tamarin)
    Saguinus fuscicollis

  459. Emperor Tamarin  ______  (in western Brazil, and eastern Peru, in dense lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin) 
    Saguinus imperator

  460. Mottle-faced Tamarin  ______ (in northwest Brazil, and in southeast Colombia, between the Rivers Japura & Negro)
    Saguinus inustus

  461. White-lipped Tamarin  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in northern Bolivia, between the Rivers Solimoes and Japura and between the Rivers Purus and Madeira, in rainforest and regrowth areas)  
    Saguinus labiatus

  462. Martins's Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Martin's Bare-faced Tamarin (in north-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Uatuma and Erepecuru, north of the River Amazonas) 
    Saguinus martinsi 
    (see note above with Pied Tamarin)

  463. White-mantled Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil in Acre, between then upper Rivers Jurua and Tarauaca)
    Saguinus melanoleucus

  464. Red-handed Tamarin  (*)  ______   AM  (in northern Amazonian Brazil, east of the River Negro, and from Guyana to French Guiana, in terra firme rainforest)
    Saguinus midas

  465. Moustached Tamarin  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Huallaga and Madeira south of the River Solimoes, and in northeast Peru, in the rainforest of the Amazon basin)  
    Saguinus mystax

  466. Black Tamarin  (BRe)  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil, between the River Xingu and the coast, south of the River Amazonas, and on Marajo Island)
    Saguinus niger

  467. Black-mantled Tamarin ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, in rainforest of the Amazon basin)
    Saguinus nigricollis

  468. Red-capped Tamarin  (BRe)  ______   (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tefe and Purus, south of the River Solimoes to the Rivers Pauini or Marmoria) 
    Saguinus pileatus

  469. Superagui Lion Tamarin (t1) (BRe)  ______  (has been called Black-faced Lion Tamarin) (in southeast Brazil, in Parana and Sao Paulo in the region of the Rivers Sebui and Dos Patos, Superagui Island, and Cananeia) 
    Leontopithecus caissara

  470. Golden-headed Lion Tamarin  (t2) (BRe) (ph)   ______  (in east-central Brazil, in northeast Minas Gerais and southern Bahia, very locally between the Rivers Contas & Jequitinhonha) 
    Leontopithecus chrysomeias



    Golden-headed Lion Tamarin

  471. Black Lion Tamarin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, only in two small remnant forest patches in Sao Paulo state) 
    Leontopithecus chrysopygus

  472. Golden Lion Tamarin  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in southeast Brazil, in a few isolated forest patches in Rio de Janeiro state)
    Leontopithecus rosalia


    Genus CALLITHRIX:  Marmosets

  473. Rio Acari Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, from the lower River Acari to between the Rivers Aripuana & Juruena and between Rivers Acari & Sucunduri) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) acariensis

  474. Silvery Marmoset  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil in Para, between the Rivers Tapajos & Tocantins in forest; also in western Brazil and eastern Bolivia) 
    Callithrix argentata 

  475. Buffy-tufted Marmoset  (t2) (BRe) (*) ______  SE  (formerly one of the subspecies of the Tufted-eared Marmoset) (in southeast Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo)
    Callithrix aurita
    BR: Sauim 
    (or Sagui)

  476. Golden-and-white Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, right bank of lower River Madeira-Aripuana north to River Amazons)
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) chrysoleuca

  477. Emilia's Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, locally between the upper Rivers Jamari and Xingu in Rondonia and northern Mato Grosso, in forest)
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) emiliae 

  478. Buffy-headed Marmoset  (t2) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (formerly one of the subspecies of the Tufted-eared Marmoset) (in east-central Brazil, locally in Minas Gerais, in southern Espiritu Santo, and Rio de Janeiro)
    Callithrix flaviceps
    BR: Sauim 
    (or Sagui)



    A Buffy-headed Marmoset photographed during the FONT tour 
    in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in March 2008
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  479. Black-tailed Marmoset (*)  ______   MT  (formerly a subspecies of the Silvery Marmoset) (in west & central Brazil, and in northern Bolivia and northern Paraguay, in forest)
    Callithrix melanura
    BR: Sauim 
    (or Sagui Branco)

  480. White-headed Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Minas Gerais and Espiritu Santo, between the Rivers Itaunas & Jucu)
    Callithrix geoffroyi
    BR: Mico-de-cara-branca

  481. Santarem Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in Amazonas and Para, between the Rivers Maues and Tapajos, in rainforest) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) humeralifera

  482. Dwarf Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Madeira and Aripuana and east of the River Atininga) (was called Roosmalen's Dwarf Marmoset)   
    Callibella (formerly Callithrix) humilis

  483. Aripuana Marmoset  (BRe) ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, near the mouth of the River Guariba, a tributary of the River Aripuana) (has been called Hershkovitz's Marmoset)
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) intermedia

  484. White-tufted (or Common) Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil, in Piaui, Ceara, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and northern Bahia) 
    Callithrix jacchus

    The White-tufted Marmoset originally occurred along the northeastern coast of Brazil from the state of Piaui to that of Bahia.
    Through the release of captive individuals, it also occurs now in southeastern Brazil, where the first sighting in the wild in Rio de Janeiro was in 1929. Today it is common in the area of that city.  

    The White-tufted Marmoset was described by Linnaeus in 1758. 

      

    White-tufted Marmoset

  485. Wied's Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in southern Bahia and extreme northwestern Minas Gerais, between the Rivers de Contas and Jequitinhonha)
    Callithrix kuhlii



    Wied's Marmoset

  486. White Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in Para, between the Rivers Jamanxim and Cupari on the right bank of the River Tapajos) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) leucippe

  487. Manicore Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, in the region of the River Manicore) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) manicorensis

  488. Marca's Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, near the mouth of the River Castanho, a tributary of the River Roosevelt)
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) marcai

  489. Maues Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Uraria-Abacaxis and Maues-Acu, in dense primary rainforest) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) mauesi

  490. Black-headed Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, very locally east of the River Madeira-Jiparana, and probably as far as the River Dos Marmelos)  
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) nigriceps

  491. Black-tufted Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast & east-central Brazil, from Maranhao to Goias and Bahia)
    Callithrix penicillata

  492. Pygmy Marmoset  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil east tot he Rivers Caqueta and Madeira, and in eastern Ecuador and northeast Peru, in seasonally flooded and riparian forest)   
    Callithrix pygmaea

  493. Satere Marmoset  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Canuma and Abacaxix, south of the River Parana-Uraria) 
    Mico (formerly Callithrix) saterei

  494. Goeldi's Marmoset  ______  (in western Brazil, and in southeastern Colombia, eastern Peru, northwestern Peru, and northwestern Bolivia, in scrubby, terre firme forest of the Amazon basin)  
    Callimico goeldii  (the single member of its genus) 


    NEW WORLD MONKEYS - Family Atelidae


    Genus SAIMIRI:  Squirrel Monkeys

  495. Common Squirrel Monkey  ______  (in northern Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to northeast Peru, in lowland riparian forests and mangroves)    
    Saimiri sciureus
    BR: Macaco-de-cheiro or Boca Preta

  496. Black-capped Squirrel Monkey  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and in Bolivia & eastern Peru, in the Amazon Basin) 
    Saimiri boliviensis

  497. Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey  (BRe) (*)  ______  AM  (in central Amazonian Brazil, south of the River Amazonas-Solimoes, in Amazonas, Rondonia, and Para)
    Saimiri ustus
    BR: Macaco-de-cheiro or Boca Preta

  498. Black Squirrel Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Solimoes and Japura)
    Saimiri vanzolinii 


    Genus ALOUATTA:  Howler Monkeys  


     
  499. Black Howler Monkey (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MS, MT  (in south-central Brazil, and in eastern Bolivia south to Paraguay and northeast Argentina, in forests) 
    Alouatta caraya
    BR: Guariba or Bugio
    (male: black; female: brown)



    Above: male Black Howler Monkey
    Below: female Black Howler Monkey
    Photographed during our tour in Mato Grosso do Sul
    in September 2006. 
     





  500. Amazon Black Howler Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in central & eastern Amazonian Brazil, both north and south of the River amazonas, east of the River Trombetas and Purus, in forest)
    Alouatta nigerrima

  501. Red-handed Howler Monkey  (BRe) (*) ______  AF  (in central Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira and Marajo Island, south of the River Amazonas east to Alagoas) 
    Alouatta belzebul
    BR: Guariba

  502. Maronhao Red-handed Howler Monkey  (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil)  (was split from the Red-handed Howler Monkey in 2009)
    Alouatta ululata

  503. Brown Howler Monkey  (*) (ph)  ______   MN, SE  (in east-central and southeast Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and in northeast Argentina in Misiones, in Atlantic Forest)
    Alouatta guariba
    (formerly A. fusca)
    BR: Bugio  
    (
    Howler Monkeys are locally called "Barbados", or "Beards", in Minas Gerais, because of the long hair covering their large throat sacs.)   



    ABOVE:  A male Brown Howler Monkey photographed 
    during the FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil in October 2009
    BELOW:  2 Brown Howler Monkeys during that same tour. 
    This species is endangered, found only in remnants of the 
    Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil.  
    (both photos by Marie Gardner)





  504. Guianan Red Howler Monkey  (*) ______  AM  (split from the Venezuelan Red Howler Monkey, Alouatta seniculus) (in north-central Amazonian Brazil, and from Guyana to French Guiana, in forest) 
    Alouatta macconnelli
    BR: Guariba 

  505. Venezuelan Howler Monkey  ______  (in northwestern Brazil and in Colombia and Venezuela, in forest) (species described by Linnaeus in 1766)
    Alouatta seniculus 

  506. Bolivian Red Howler Monkey  ______  (in southwest Brazil, and in southern Peru & Bolivia, in forest)
    Alouatta sara


    Genus PITHECIA:  Saki Monkeys

  507. White-footed Saki  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Juruaq and Purus, soth of the River Solimoes, in primary forest) (has been called Buffy Saki)
    Pithecia albicans

  508. Monk Saki ______  (in western Brazil, and southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northern Peru, in lowland rainforests of the upper Amazon basin between the Rivers Japura-Caqueta and Jurua)
    Pithecia monachus

  509. Rio Tapajos Saki  ______  (in central & southwestern Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Jurua and Tapajos; also in the Amazon Basin in southern Peru & northern Bolivia) (has been called Gray Monk Saki)
    Pithecia irrorata

  510. White-faced Saki  ______  (in north-central Brazil, and eastern Venezuela to French Guiana, in terra firme rainforest south to the River Amazonas) (has been called Guianan Saki)
    Pithecia pithecia


    Genus CHIROPATES:  Saki Monkeys
     
  511. White-nosed Saki (t3) (BRe) (*) ______  AF, AM  (has been called White-nosed Bearded Saki) (in central Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira and Xingu, south of the River Amazonas, south to Mato Grosso, in undisturbed terra firme rainforests)
    Chiropates albinasus
    BR: Cuxiu
    or Piroclucu

  512. Black Bearded Saki  (t2) (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil in Maranhao, in lowland rainforest of the Amazon basin) 
    Chiropates satanas

    The dark-nosed bearded sakis were split in 2003 into the following species in addition to Chiropates satanas. Previously these were considered subspecies.

  513. Red-backed Bearded Saki  ______
    Chiropotes chiropotes

  514. Brown-backed Bearded Saki  ______
    Chiropotes israelita

  515. Guianan Bearded Saki  ______
    Chiropotes sagulatus

  516. Uta Hick's Bearded Saki  (BRe)  ______
    Chiropates utahickae


    Genus CACAJAO:  Uakari Monkeys

  517. Bald Uakari  ______  (in west-central Brazil, and northern Peru, between the Rivers Ucayali and Jurua south of the River Solimoes, in primary swamp forests) (has been called Red Uakari
    Cacajao calvus

  518. Black-headed Uakari  ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in southeast Colombia and extreme southern Venezuela, between the rivers Japura-Apaporis and Negro, north of the River Solimoes, in lowland rainforest) (has been called Black Uakari)
    Cacajao melanocephalus

  519. Araca Black Uakari  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2008)
    Cacajao ayresi

  520. Neblina Uakari  (t3)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2008) (in far-northern Brazil)
    Cacajao hosomi


    Genus CEBUS:  Capuchins 
     

  521. Tufted Capuchin  (*) ______  AF, AM, MT, MS  (in central Brazil, and from Colombia to French Guiana and south to Peru, in forests and regrowth areas) (has been called Brown Tufted Capuchin)
    Sapajus
    (formerly Cebus) apella
    BR: Macaco Prego

  522. Large-headed Capuchin  ______  (in western Brazil)
    Sapajus (formerly Cebus) macrocephalus  (has been considered a subspecies of Cebus apella)    

  523. Crested Capuchin  (BRe)  ______
    Sapajus
    (formerly Cebus) robustus  (has been considered a subspecies of Cebus apella

  524. Black-striped Capuchin  (*) ______ IG  (in southern Brazil, and in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, in forests)
    Sapajus (formerly Cebus) libidinosus
    BR: Macaco Prego

    Cebus libidinosus
    has been called the Black-striped Tufted Capuchin. 

  525. Black Capuchin  (BRe)  (*) (ph)  ______  MN, SE  (in the Atlantic Forest of southeast Brazil) 
    Sapajus
    (formerly Cebus) nigritus
    BR: Macaco Prego

    Cebus nigritus
    has been called the Black-tufted Capuchin. 



    A Black Capuchin photographed during the FONT August 2007 tour
    in Southeast Brazil
    (photo by Dan Coleman)

  526. White-fronted Capuchin  ______  (in northwest Brazil, and in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and northern Peru, in forests)
    Cebus albifrons

  527. Kaapori Capuchin  (BRe)  ______  (in Maranhao in northeast Brazil, between the Rivers Gurupi and Pindare)
    Cebus kaapori

  528. Weeper Capuchin  ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, south to the Rivers Negro and Amazonas; also from Colombia to French Guiana, in forests) 
    Cebus olivaceus

  529. Golden-bellied Capuchin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (very locally in forest remnants in southern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais in east-central Brazil) (was called Golden-bellied Tufted Capuchin
    Cebus xanthosternos

  530. Blond Capuchin  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (species was re-discovered in 2006)
    Cebus queirozi   


    Genus ATELES:  Spider Monkeys

  531. White-fronted Spider Monkey (*) ______  AF  (has been called White-bellied Spider Monkey, was previously merged with the Black Spider Monkey) (in northwest Brazil, and eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, and northeast Peru, in primary forest in the Amazon basin)   
    Ateles belzebuth 
     
    BR: Macaco Aranha  (or Coata)

  532. White-cheeked Spider Monkey  (t2) (BRe) ______  (in east-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tapajos and Tocan Tocantins, south of the lower River Amazonas)
    Ateles marginatus

  533. Red-faced Spider Monkey  ______  (in northeast Amazonian Brazil, and from Guyana to French Guiana, south to the lower River Amazonas and west to the Rio Negro, in undisturbed primary rainforest)
    Ateles paniscus
     
     
  534. Peruvian Spider Monkey  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in eastern Peru and northern Bolivia east to the River Tapajos and north to the River Solimoes) 
    Ateles chamek


    Genus BRACHYTELES:  Muriqui Monkeys

  535. Northern Muriqui  (t2) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (split from Southern Muriqui in 1995) (was called "Woolly Spider Monkey") (in east-central Brazil, in remnants of Atlantic Forest in Bahia, eastern Minas Gerais, and Espirito Santo)
    Brachyteles hypoxanthus



    Northern Muriquis photographed during FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil in May 2011
    (photo by Pat Yoder) 


    The Muriqui, with its Tupi Indian name, is the largest of the monkeys in the New World. The Northern and Southern Muriquis, now considered two species, are not just the biggest New World monkeys, but they are among the rarest of mammals worldwide. 
    The Northern Muriqui has a total population of only about 500 individuals.

    It's been said that the Muriqui is large. How large? Well, they measure up to about 5 feet when they hang suspended with their long arms. And these agile monkeys have a long, grasping, prehensile tail that is strong enough to support their entire body weight as they feed or socialize upside down. 

    Something else can be noted about the Muriqui's anatomy. Due to their diet, which includes leaves in addition to fruits and seeds, they have large intestinal tracts that give both the males and females a "pregnant look". So while we've heard of "pot-bellied pigs", these, in essence, are "pot-bellied monkeys".  

    During the May 2011 FONT Brazil Tour, we were fortunate to see and hear well a group of Northern Muriquis in a fine forest, in eastern Minas Gerais, that has been preserved because it has been their home.

    In that forest, since the 1980s, the Muriquis have been studied. From the University of Wisconsin, Karen Strier came and spent years doing so. In the 1990s, she wrote a book "Faces in the Forest - The Endangered Muriqui Monkeys of Brazil", in which she described much of what she learned about the monkeys over the years. The book is well-written and informative.

    The Muriquis are peaceful creatures, almost lacking completely the belligerence that primates, especially social primates, often have.

    Muriquis are social, nearly always in groups, but it is rare for any of them to act aggressively. During more than 1,200 hours of observation during her first year with the Muriquis, Karen logged only a very few interactions that could be considered even remotely aggressive.
    The societies of nearly all social primates in the world are based on dominant relationships. But the Muriquis differ from that typical pattern.
    The most striking feature of Muriqui society is the tolerance that males display toward each other even when relating to females in the group.

    Also, unlike so many social primates in the world, Muriquis don't groom each other. But they do offer friendly reassurances through touch.
    They may lightly pat each other on the hand or foot when they pass in a feeding or resting tree. There's a photo in Karen's book of two wild Muriquis in a tree giving a handshake signifying a friendly greeting. Imagine two monkeys shaking hands!
    And Muriquis embrace. They have a most impressive full-body embrace, in which two or more animals walk or swing toward one another and then flip upside down, so that they are hanging by their tails, face to face, while they wrap their arms and legs around one another. Such embraces occur in a variety of contexts. 

    I mentioned that we were fortunate to see AND HEAR the Muriquis. To me, at the time, they had a soft vocalization rather like that of a horse.
    I read later in "Faces in the Forest"" that when the scientists first went to the forest where we were, they asked the local people where the Muirquis were, and the locals took them first to the stables. Listening to the horses whinnying back and forth, they were told to walk in the forest until they "heard horses". 

    There are, in all, about a hundred species of monkeys known to be in Brazil. But among them, the Muriquis are special. It has been written that, as a conservation symbol, the Muriquis are for Brazil as the Giant Panda is for China.



    Another
    photo of a Northern Muriqui in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil,
    during the FONT tour in May 2011
    (photo by Pat Yoder) 


  536. Southern Muriqui  (t1)  ______  (was called "Woolly Spider Monkey"(in southeast Brazil, in remnants of Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo)
    Brachyteles arachnoides

    The two former subspecies Brachyteles a arachnoides & Brachyteles arachnoides. hypoxanthus became two distinct species in 1995, based on geographical distribution and morphological differences.  


    Genus LAGOTHRIX

  537. Gray Woolly Monkey  ______  (in southern Amazonian Brazil, and southern Peru, in highlands)
    Lagothrix cana

  538. Brown Woolly Monkey  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, and southeast Colombia, northeast Ecuador, and extreme northern Peru, east to the River Negro and south to the River Solimoes-Napo, in primary rainforest) 
    Lagothrix lagotricha

    The Brown Woolly Monkey is the largest primate in Amazonia, aside from Man.  

  539. Silvery Woolly Monkey  ______  (in extreme western Amazonian Brazil, and eastern Ecuador and northern Peru, east to the River Jurua)
    Lagothrix poeppigii 


    Genus CALLICEBUS:  Titi Monkeys

  540. Atlantic Titi  (t3) (BRe) (*) (ph)  ______  MN  (has been called Masked Titi) (in east-central Brazil, in Atlantic Forests of east-central Minas Gerais, southern Espiritu Santo and northeast Rio de Janeiro) 
    Callicebus personatus
    BR: Sahui Guacu 
    (or Saua or Guigo)



    A Masked (or Atlantic) Titi photographed during a FONT tour
    in Minas Gerais, Brazil in October 2009

    (photo by Marie Gardner)


  541. Black-fronted Titi  (was a subspecies of what was an expanded Masked Titi) (t3) (BRe) (*) ______  SE  (in southeast Brazil, in Atlantic Forests of southern Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and southwest Rio de Janeiro) 
    Callicebus nigrifrons
    BR: Sahui Guacu 
    (or Saua or Guigo

  542. Baptista Lake Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rives Madeira and Uira-Curupa, south of the River Amazonas)
    Callicebus baptista

  543. Barbara Brown's Titi  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (has been called Blond Titi (in east-central Brazil, locally in remnant forests of northern Bahia, between the Rivers Sao Francisco and Paraguacu)  
    Callicebus barbarabrownae

  544. Prince Bernard's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Madeira-Jiparana and Aripuana-Roosevelt)
    Callicebus bernhardi

  545. Brown Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in south-central Amazonian Brazil, between the upper Rivers Madeira and Jiparana)
    Callicebus brunneus

  546. Chestnut-bellied Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Booted Titi (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the lower Rivers Purus-Ipixuna and Madeira, south of the river Solimoes)  
    Callicebus caligatus

  547. Ashy Black Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, east of the lower Rivers Aripuana and Roosevelt, south of the River Madeira) 
    Callicebus cinerascens

  548. Coimbra Filho's Titi  (t1) (BRe)  ______  (in northeast Brazil, in Sergipe and extreme northeast Bahia; in Atlantic coastal forests between the lower River Sao Francisco and Itapicuru)
    Callicebus coimbrai

  549. Coppery Titi  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Ucayali and Purus, south of the River Solimoes; also in northern Peru)
    Callicebus cupreus

  550. White-eared Titi  ______
    Callicebus donaco[hilus


  551. Hershkovitz's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Dubious Titi)  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil, between the upper Rivers Purus and Madeira-Madre do Dios)
    Callicebus dubius

  552. Hoffmanns' Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Parana do Uraria and the lower Tapajos)
    Callicebus hoffmannsi

  553. Lucifer Titi  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, and in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and northeast Peru, between the Rivers Japura-Caqueta and Solimoes-Napo)  
    Callicebus lucifer

  554. Black Titi  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, and in eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela, south to the Rivers Caqueta and Negro-Uaupes)
    Callicebus lugens

  555. Coastal Black-handed Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in east-central Brazil, in Atlantic coastal forests of southeast Bahia and northern Espirito Santo)
    Callicebus melanochir

  556. Red-bellied Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Dusky Titi)  (in eastern-central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Tapajos and Tocantins-Araguaia, south of the lower River Amazonas) 
    Callicebus moloch

  557. White-coated Titi  ______  (in south-central Brazil, in Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Pantanal region; also in Paraguay) 
    Callicebus pallescens

  558. Rio Purus Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Red-crowned Titi) (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Jurus and Purus-Tapaua, south of the River Solimoes)
    Callicebus purinus

  559. Red-headed Titi  (BRe)  ______  (has been called Kinglet Titi)  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Javari and Jurus, south of the River Solimoes) 
    Callicebus regulus

  560. Stephen Nash's Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in west-central Amazonian Brazil; range not well known, probably between the middle Rivers Purus and Madeira)
    Callicebus stephennashi

  561. Collared Titi  (BRe)  ______  (in central Amazonian Brazil, between the Rivers Negro-Uaupes and Solimoes-Japura-Apaporis) 
    Callicebus torquatus


    Genus AOTUS:  Night Monkeys
      
  562. Feline Night Monkey  ______  (in eastern Amazonian Brazil between the Rivers Tapajos--Juruena and Tocantins; also south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina) 
    Aotus infulatus  (has been a subspecies of Aotus azarai, the Azara's Night Monkey)

  563. Nancy Ma's Night Monkey  ______  (in western Amazonian Brazil, northwest of the River Jurua, and in northeast Peru)
    Aotus nancymaae

  564. Black-headed Night Monkey  ______  (in western & central Amazonian Brazil, south of the River Solimoes and west of the River Tapajos-Juruena; also in eastern Peru) 
    Aotus nigriceps

  565. Three-striped Night Monkey  ______  (in north-central Brazil, and in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, and Guyana) 
    Aotus trivirgatus

  566. Spix's Night Monkey  ______  (in northwest Amazonian Brazil, north of the River Solimoes and west of the River Negro)
    Aotus vociferans


    RIVER DOLPHINS - Family Platanistidae

  567. Amazon (or Pink) River Dolphin  (*) ______  AM
    Inia geroffrensis
    BR: Boutu
    or  Boto

  568. La Plata Dolphin (or Franciscana (t3)  ______  (occurs along the South Atlantic coast from Ubatuba in Brazil to the Peninsula Valdez in Argentina, including the Rio de la Plata estuary)  
    Pontoporia blainvillei  (has been put in its own family: Pontoporiidae)

    Taxonomically, Pontoporia blainvillei is a member of the River Dolphin group. It is the only one that actually lives in the ocean and in saltwater estuaries, rather than inhabiting exclusively freshwater systems.  
    Franciscana is the Argentine and Uruguayian name that has been adopted internationally, The Brazilian common name is Toninha.   


    MARINE DOLPHINS - Family Delphinidae

  569. Tucuxi  (*)  ______  AM  (or "Gray Dolphin")
    Sotalia fluviatilis
    BR: Tucuxi

    The Tucuxi is found in South American rivers draining into the Atlantic & the Caribbean. It occurs throughout the entire Amazon River basin, and also in coastal waters north to Panama, occasionally to Costa Rica.  

  570. Costero  ______
    Sotalia guianensis

  571. Common Bottlenose Dolphin  (*) (ph)  ______  RS
    Tursiops truncatus

    Common Bottlenose Dolphins
    have been seen during FONT Brazil tours from shore by a rock jetty extending about 2 miles out to sea, in Rio Grande do Sul.

  572. Long-beaked Common Dolphin  ______
    Delphinus capensis

  573. Pygmy Killer Whale  ______
    Feresa attenuata

  574. Short-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______
    Globicephala macrorhynchus

  575. Long-finned Pilot Whale  (ph)  ______
    Globicephala melas

  576. Risso's Dolphin  (ph)  ______
    Grampus griseus

  577. Fraser's Dolphin  (ph)  ______
    Lagenodelphis hosei

  578. Killer Whale (or Orca) (ph)  ______
    Orcinus orca

  579. Melon-headed Whale  ______
    Peponocephala electra

  580. False Killer Whale  ______
    Pseudorca crassidens

  581. Pantropical Spotted Dolphin  ______
    Stenella attenuata

  582. Clymene Dolphin  (ph)  ______
    Stenella clymene

  583. Striped Dolphin  ______
    Stenella coeruleoalba

  584. Spinner Dolphin  ______
    Stenella longirostris

  585. Rough-toothed Dolphin  ______
    Steno bredanensis


    PORPOISES - Family Phocoenidae

  586. Burmeister's Porpoise  ______
    Phocoena spinipinnis

  587. Spectacled Porpoise  ______
    Phocoena dioptrica


    SPERM WHALE - Family Physeteridae

  588. Sperm Whale  (ph)  ______
    Physeter macrocephalus


    RIGHT WHALES - Family Balaenidae

  589. Southern Right Whale  ______
    Eubalaena australis


    RORQUALS - Family Balaenopteridae

  590. Antarctic Minke Whale  ______
    Balaenoptera bonaerensis

  591. Sei Whale  ______
    Balaenoptera borealis

  592. Bryde's Whale  ______
    Balaenoptera brydei

  593. Blue Whale  (ph)  ______
    Balaenoptera musculus

  594. Fin Whale  (ph)  ______
    Balaenoptera physalus

  595. Humpback Whale  (ph)  ______
    Megaptera novaeangliae 


    PECCARIES - Family Tayassuidae

  596. White-lipped Peccary  (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MT, MS, SE
    Tayassu pecari 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Queixada



    White-lipped Peccary

  597. Collared Peccary  (*) (ph)  ______  MT
    Pecari tajacu  

    BR: Catitu

  598. Giant Peccary  (BRe)  ______  (a newly-described species, in 2007)
    Pecari maximus


    DEER - Family Cervidae 

  599. Marsh Deer  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  MS, MT
    Blastocerus dichotomus 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Cervo do Pantanal



    Above: A Marsh Deer (& a Giant Cowbird) photographed during our 
    Brazil tour in Mato Grosso do Sul in September 2006.
    Below: A Marsh Deer photographed during our tour there in March 2008.
    (photo below by Marie Gardner)
      




  600. Pampas Deer  (*) (ph)  ______  MN, MT
    Ozotoceros bezoarticus 
    (the single member of its genus)
    BR: Veado-campeiro

     

    Pampas Deer

  601. Gray Brocket (Deer)  (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT, RS
    Mazama gouazoubira
    BR: Veado-catingueiro, or Veado-vira



    A Gray Brocket Deer photographed during the FONT Brazil tour
    in Mato Grosso do Sul in March 2008
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  602. Red Brocket (Deer) (*) ______  AF, MS, MT  
    Mazama americana
    BR: Veado-mateiro

  603. Pygmy Brocket (Deer) (*) ______  IG  (also called Bororo
    Mazama nana
    BR: Veado

    The Pygmy Brocket Deer is rare in a small geographic range.

  604. Sao Paulo Bororo  (t3) (BRe)  ______  
    Mazama bororo

    In 1992, Mazama bororo was reported to a be new species. That classification was predominantly based upon karyotype differences between other Mazama species and the specimen found. The captive individual used for the analysis was from Capao Bonito, in Sao Paulo state. 

    Mazama bororo has a small population, and is said to be declining due to hunting and habitat loss. The total population has been estimated as 5,500 individuals, with mature animals being a fraction of the number. It is limited to the Coastal Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Though small, the population area of Mazama bororo has more than 3,600 square kilometers of protected areas, a number of which are connected with each other, forming one of the biggest blocks of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. 

  605. White-tailed Deer  (ph)  ______  (in northern Brazil)
    Odocoileus virginianus


    TAPIRS - Family Tapiridae

  606. Brazilian Tapir  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______  AF, MS, MT
    Tapirus terrestris
    BR: Anta 


     

    Above: a young Brazilian Tapir
    Below: an adult and a young
    The photo below was taken at a animal scientific research facility 
    in Paraguay during a FONT tour (mostly in Brazil) in August 2008.
    This tapir is an endangered species in Paraguay.
    (lower photo by Pamela Sims)     





    MANATEES - Family Trichechidae

  607. Amazonian Manatee  (t3) (*)  ______  AM
    Trichechus inunguis


Some Notes regarding Mammals during FONT Tours in Brazil:

During the FONT Brazil Tour in Mato Grosso do Sul during September 2006, mammals seen during one night's "safari" included: a Jaguar, 7 Ocelots, a Pantanal Cat, a Maned Wolf, 2 Brazilian Tapirs, and a number of Giant Anteaters in addition to Marsh Deer, Brocket Deer, Yellow Armadillo, Tapiti (or Brazilian Rabbit), many Capybaras, Crab-eating Fox, Crab-eating Raccoon, and various bats (along with an assortment of nocturnal birds: owls & nightjars).

The very rare Pied Bare-faced Tamarin was seen near Manaus during our August/September 2005 tour in Amazonia.  

As many as 5 Brazilian Tapirs were seen by the Rio Cristalino (in northern Mato Grosso) during our August 1995 tour.

Both adult and juvenile (larger and smaller) Giant Otters were seen during FONT tours in the Rio Cristalino in August 1996, and in the Pantanal in August 2003. 
Two Giant Otters were seen closely during the FONT Brazil tour in August 2008. They were first seen resting on the steps of a wooden dock along a river's edge. 

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OTHER WILDLIFE & NATURE:

  1. Spectacled Caiman (*) ______  AF, MS, MT, RS 
    Caiman crocodilus yacare
    (including the Jacare Caiman subspecies in the Pantanal)




    A Spectacled Caiman photographed during our tour in Mato Gross do Sul
    in September 2006.
    Below is a Caiman in Brazil vertically in the water.. 
     
       



  2. Green Iguana (*) ______ mt
    Iguana iguana

  3. Golden (or Black) Tegu (*) ______  MS, MT, RS
    Tupinambus teguixin

  4. Common Anaconda (*) ______  MS, MT
    Eunectes murinus




    An Anaconda in the water
     
  5. Striped Sharpnose Snake (*) ______  MT
    Xenoxybelis argenteus

  6. bright green snake (sp.) (*) ______  AF
    (swimming across Rio Cristalino)

  7. Cobra d'Agua  (*) ______  MS
    Hydrodynastes gryas

  8. Cobra Cipo  (*)  ______  MS
    Philodryas nattereri

  9. Marine Toad (*) ______  MT, SE  (also called Giant Toad or Cane Toad)
    Bufo marinus

  10. other toads (including Ultramarine) (*) ______

  11. South American Caecilian (also called Ringed Blue Caecilian) (*) ______  MN
    ("leg-less lizard")
    Siphonops annulatus

  12. Helicopter Damselfly (*) ______  AF
    Mecitogaster ornata 

  13. Brazilian Morpho Butterfly (*) ______  AF
    Morpho deidamia

  14. Sulphur Butterfly (*) ______  AF
    Phoebis sp.

  15. Amphione Dismorpha Butterfly (*) ______  AF
    Dismorphia amphione

  16. Green Long-winged Butterfly (*) ______  AF
    Philaethria dido

  17. numerous & assorted butterflies (*) ______  AF, IG
    A LISTING OF SOUTH AMERICAN, including BRAZILIAN, BUTTERFLIES IS ELSEWHERE IN THIS THIS WEB-SITE 

  18. Leaf-cutter Ants (*) ______  AF, RS, UG
    Atta sp.

  19. Burchell's Army Ant (*) ______  AF
    Eciton burchelli

  20. "Fire-ants" (their disturbance attracting many birds) (*) ______  MT

  21. other ants en masse (with Fire-eyes and Tufted Antshrikes about) (*) ______  SE

  22. Neotropical Colonial Spider (*) ______  BR
    Anelosimus eximus " 
    (seen late in the afternoon)

  23. a beautiful sunset over Iguacu Falls (*) ______ IG


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