PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

BIRDS and
OTHER WILDLIFE

 during 
Focus On Nature Tours
in northern 
Costa Rica 

1991 thru 2015

A List compiled by Armas Hill

PHOTO AT RIGHT: a SPECTACLED OWL



681 species of birds have cumulatively been found during 32 FONT birding and nature tours in Costa Rica.
Included in those 681 species, are 605 that have been found during FONT Northern Costa Rica Tours, 
and they are listed below.  


The number, to the right of the English bird name, indicates the number of FONT tours 
during which the bird has been found (out of 27). 
Not all tours have been to the same areas, so individual tour-lists have varied.

In the following list, the latest taxonomy is incorporated noting subspecies in Costa Rica. 

Codes:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
 (t1): critical
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

(i): introduced species

(CRe): endemic in Costa Rica
(CRr): rare in Costa Rica 


Links:
A Complete List of Costa Rica Birds  (with some photos)

Mammals of Central America  (with some photos) 

A List of Central American Butterflies and Moths, in 6 parts  (with some photos)

Previous FONT Costa Rica Tour Highlights

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Central America 

 Directory of Photos in this Website

 

 Birds:

  1. Great Tinamou ______  23
     Tinamus major fuscipennis
  2. Highland Tinamou ______  3
     Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii
  3. Slaty-breasted Tinamou ______ 2  (another name has been "Boucard's Tinamou")
     Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis
  4. Little Tinamou ______  12
     Crypturellus soui modestus
  5. Thicket Tinamou ______ 5  (another name has been "Rufescent Tinamou")
     Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes
  6. Gray-headed Chachalaca ______ 15
     Ortalis cinereiceps      (monotypic)
  7. Crested Guan ______ 16
     Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
  8. Black Guan (nt) ______ 11  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Chamaepetes unicolor      (monotypic)
  9. Great Curassow (nt) ______ 7
     Crax r. rubra
  10. Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge ______  1  (another name has been Buff-fronted Wood Partridge)
    Dendrotyx leucophrys hypospodius
  11. Spot-bellied Bobwhite ______ 13  (was conspecific with Crested Bobwhite, Colinus cristatus, of northern South America & southern Central America)
     Colinus leucopogon dickeyi 
  12. Black-eared Wood Quail ______  3  (was conspecific with the Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail of South America)
     Odontophorus m. melanotis  
  13. Black-breasted Wood Quail (nt) ______ 3  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Odontophorus leucolaemus      (monotypic)
  14. Black-bellied Whistling Duck ______ 15
     Dendrocygna a. autumnalis
  15. Fulvous Whistling Duck ______ 2
     Dendrocygna bicolor      (monotypic)
  16. Muscovy Duck ______ 13
     Cairina moschata      (monotypic, and single member of its genus)

  17. Blue-winged Teal ______ 18
     Anas discors      (monotypic)

  18. Sooty Shearwater ______ 1
     Puffinus griseus      (monotypic)

  19. Pied-billed Grebe ______  8
     Podilymbus p. podiceps
  20. Least Grebe ______ 12
     Tachybaptus     (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
  21. Wood Stork ______  18
     Myceteria americana      (monotypic)
  22. Jabiru (CRr) ______  5
     Jabiru mycteria      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  23. Green Ibis ______ 10
     Mesembrinibis cayennensis      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  24. American White Ibis ______ 21
     Eudocimus albus      (monotypic)
  25. Glossy Ibis ______  3
     Plegadis falcinellus      (has been called monotypic)
  26. Roseate Spoonbill ______  18
     Platalea     (formerly Ajaia)  ajaja  (monotypic)
  27. Western Cattle Egret ______  27
     Bublcus i. ibis
  28. Green Heron ______  27 
    Butorides v. virescens

         The Green Heron was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called the Green-backed Heron. 
  29. Little Blue Heron ______  27
    Egretta caerulea      (monotypic)

  30. Tricolored Heron ______ 21  (a former name was Louisiana Heron)
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis

  31. Reddish Egret ______ 1
    Egretta r. rufescens

  32. Snowy Egret ______  26
    Egretta t. thula

  33. Great Egret ______  27
    Ardea     (formerly Casmerodius or Egretta) alba egretta
  34. Great Blue Heron ______ 22
    Ardea h. herodias

  35. Agami Heron (nt) (CRr) ______  3  (another name has been Chestnut-bellied Heron)
    Agamia agami      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  36. Rufescent Tiger Heron ______ 1
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum

  37. Fasciated Tiger Heron (nt) ______  3
    Tigrisoma fasiatum salmoni

  38. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron ______ 16
    Tigrisoma mexicanum      (monotypic) 

  39. Black-crowned Night-Heron ______  12
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli

  40. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron ______  14
    Nyctanassa v. violacea      (the single member of its genus)
  41. Boat-billed Heron ______ 18
    Cochlearius cochlearius      (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica) 
    Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi      (north CR)
  42. Magnificent Frigatebird ______ 25
    Fregata magnificens      (now said to be monotypic)
  43. Brown Pelican ______ 25
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis

  44. Brown Booby ______ 6
    Sula l. leucogaster

  45. Neotropic Cormorant ______ 23  (was called Olivaceous Cormorant)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus      (north CR)
    Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus      (south CR) 

  46. Anhinga ______ 14
    Anhinga anhinga leucogaster

  47. Turkey Vulture ______ 27
     Cathartes a. aura      (another subspecies, C. a. meridionalis, from central North America, migrates thru Costa Rica, sometimes in large flocks)
  48. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture ______  2
     Cathartes burrovianus      (monotypic)
  49. Black Vulture ______  27
     Coragyps atratus      (now said to be monotypic) (the only member of its genus)
  50. King Vulture ______ 20
    Sarcoramphus papa      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  51. Northern Crested Caracara ______  22
    Caracara cheriway      (monotypic)

  52. Yellow-headed Caracara ______ 13
    Milvago chimachima cordata

  53. Laughing Falcon ______ 24
    Herpetotheres c. cachinnans      (the single member of its genus)
  54. Barred Forest Falcon ______  4
    Micrastur ruficollis interstes

  55. Collared Forest Falcon ______ 10
    Micrastur semitorquatus naso

  56. American Kestrel ______ 13
    Falco s. sparverius      (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)  
  57. Bat Falcon ______  17
    Falco rufigularis petoensis

  58. Aplomado Falcon (CRr) ______  1  (known only from a very few reports during recent decades, all in the Palo Verde area of northwest Costa Rica - that's where we saw ours)  
    Falco f. femoralis

  59. Peregrine Falcon ______ 12
    Falco peregrinus anatum     (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)

  60. Osprey ______ 22
    Pandion haliaetus carolinensis      (the single member of its genus)
  61. Gray-headed Kite ______  8  (another name has been "Cayenne Kite")
    Leptodon c. cayanensis      
  62. Hook-billed Kite ______ 2
    Chondrohierax u. uncinatus      
  63. Swallow-tailed Kite ______  20
    Elanoides forficatus      (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, E. f. forficatus, & E. f. yetapa)  
  64. White-tailed Kite ______ 27
    Elanus leucurus majusculus

  65. Double-toothed Kite ______  11
    Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus

  66. Plumbeous Kite ______ 8
    Ictinia plumbea      (monotypic)
  67. Snail Kite ______ 4
    Rostrhamus s. sociabilis

  68. Crane Hawk ______  5
    Geranospiza caerulesens nigra      (the single member of its genus)

  69. Sharp-shinned Hawk ______  10
    Accipiter striatus velox      (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica) 
      
  70. Bicolored Hawk ______ 5
    Accipiter b. bicolor

  71. Barred Hawk ______ 9  (other names have been "Black-chested Hawk" & "Prince Hawk")
    Leucopternis princeps      (monotypic)

  72. Semiplumbeous Hawk (nt) ______  5
    Leucopternis semiplumbeus      (monotypic)
  73. White Hawk ______ 14
    Leucopternis albicollis costaricensis

  74. Common Black Hawk ______  16
    Buteogallus a. anthracinus     
    Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi          ("Mangrove Black Hawk") 

  75. Great Black Hawk ______ 10
    Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi

  76. Montane Solitary Eagle (nt) ______  2
    Harpyhaliaetus solitarius sheffleri

  77. Black-collared Hawk ______ 2
    Busarellus n. nigricollis      (the single member of its genus)
  78. Bay-winged Hawk ______ 5  (in North America called Harris's Hawk)
    Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis      (the single member of its genus)

  79. Gray-lined Hawk ______  21  (includes the more-northerly Gray Hawk)
     Buteo     nitida plagiata  (northern CR)  

  80. Roadside Hawk ______ 26
    Buteo magnirostris      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Buteo magnirostris griseocauda      (most of CR)
  81. Broad-winged Hawk ______ 22
    Buteo p. platypterus      (migrant that breeds further north in North America) 
  82. Swainson's Hawk ______ 9
    Buteo swainsoni      (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America, some occasionally winter in Costa Rica)

  83. Short-tailed Hawk ______  7
    Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus

  84. White-tailed Hawk ______  7
    Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius

  85. Zone-tailed Hawk ______ 6
    Buteo albonotatus      (monotypic)

  86. Red-tailed Hawk ______ 17
    Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis

  87. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle (nt) ______ 2
    Spizastur melanoleucus      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  88. Black Hawk-Eagle ______ 5  (another name has been Tyrant Hawk-Eagle)
    Spizaetus tyrannus serus

  89. Uniform Crake ______ 2
    Amaurolimnas concolor

  90. Gray-necked Wood-Rail ______  17
    Aramides cajanea      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
         Aramides c. cajanea  (most of CR)
    Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis      (northeast CR)
  91. Rufous-necked Wood-Rail ______ 2
    Aramides axillaris      (monotypic)
  92. White-throated Crake ______ 21
    Laterallus albigularis      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps      (most of CR)
  93. Gray-breasted Crake ______ 1
    Laterallus exilis      (monotypic)
  94. Black Rail (nt) ______  1  (would be more properly called Black Crake)
    Laterallus j. jamaicensis

  95. Common Moorhen ______  11  (has been called Common Gallinule)
    Gallinula chloropus cachinnans

  96. Purple Gallinule ______ 21 
    Porphyrio (formerly Porphyrula) martinica      (monotypic)
  97. Sungrebe ______ 12  (an alternate name could be "American Finfoot")
    Heliornis fulica      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  98. Sunbittern ______  4
    Eurypyga helias major      (a single member of its genus & family) 

  99. Limpkin ______ 12
    Aramus guarauna dolosus     (the single member of its genus & family)

  100. Northern Jacana ______ 26
    Jacana s. spinosa

  101. Gray Plover ______ 15  (has been called Black-bellied Plover)
    Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae

  102. Semipalmated Plover ______ 19
    Charadrius semipalmatus      (monotypic)

  103. Wilson's Plover ______ 11
    Charadrius wilsonia beldingi

  104. Killdeer ______ 3
    Charadrius v. vociferus

  105. Collared Plover ______  6
    Charadrius collaris      (monotypic)

  106. Marbled Godwit ______ 2
    Limosa f. fedoa

  107. Whimbrel ______ 21
    Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus

  108. Greater Yellowlegs ______  11
    Tringa melanoleuca      (monotypic)
  109. Lesser Yellowlegs ______ 14
    Tringa flavipes      (monotypic)
  110. Solitary Sandpiper ______  18
    Tringa solitaria      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
  111. "Western" Willet ______ 20
    Tringa     (formerly Catoptrophorus) semipalmatus inornatus  (the single member of its genus)
  112. Spotted Sandpiper ______ 26
    Actitis macularia      (monotypic)
  113. Ruddy Turnstone ______ 18
    Arenaria i. interpres

  114. Short-billed Dowitcher ______  12
    Limnodromus griseus

  115. Red Knot ______ 1
    Calidris canutus rufa

  116. Sanderling ______  2
    Calidris alba rubida

  117. Semipalmated Sandpiper ______ 9
    Calidris pusilla      (monotypic)
  118. Western Sandpiper ______ 12
    Calidris mauri      (monotypic)

  119. Least Sandpiper ______ 12
     Calidris minutilla      (monotypic)
  120. Pectoral Sandpiper ______  1
     Calidris melanotos      (monotypic)

  121. Stilt Sandpiper ______ 3
    Calidris     (formerly Micropalama) himantopus
  122. Black-necked Stilt ______  15  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus himantopus, of the Old World)
    Himantopus mexicanus

  123. Double-striped Thick-knee ______  16
    Burbinus b. bistriatus

  124. Parasitic Jaeger ______ 1
    Stercorarius parasiticus      (monotypic)
  125. Laughing Gull ______ 24
    Larus atricilla megalopterus

  126. Franklin's Gull ______  1
    Larus pipixcan      (monotypic)
  127. Ring-billed Gull ______ 1
    Larus delawarensis      (monotypic)
  128. "American" Herring Gull ______  1
    Larus argentatus smithsonianus

  129. Gull-billed Tern ______ 3
    Gelochelidon     (formerly Sterna) nilotica vanrossemi  (occurs on the Pacific side of Costa Rica) 
  130. Caspian Tern ______ 5
    Hydroprogne     (formerly Sterna) caspia  (monotypic)
  131. Royal Tern ______ 21
    Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima

  132. Sandwich Tern ______ 13
    Thalasseus     (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida
  133. Elegant Tern (nt) ______  2
    Thalasseus     (formerly Sterna) elegans  (monotypic)

  134. Forster's Tern ______ 2
    Sterna forsteri      (monotypic)
  135. Least Tern ______ 1
    Sternula     (formerly Sterna) antillarum browni
  136. Brown Noddy ______  1
    Anous stolidus ridgwayi  
  137. Black Skimmer ______  1
    Rynchops n. niger

  138. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) ______  27
    Columba livia

  139. Scaled Pigeon ______  7
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) speciosa
  140. Band-tailed Pigeon ______  18
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
  141. Pale-vented Pigeon ______  21
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
  142. Red-billed Pigeon ______ 24
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) flavirostris
  143. Ruddy Pigeon ______ 9
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba)subvinacea minima
  144. Short-billed Pigeon ______ 25
     Patagioenas     (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)

  145. Mourning Dove ______ 12
    Zenaida macroura turturilla

  146. White-winged Dove ______  20
    Zenaida asiatica australis

  147. Common Ground Dove ______ 18
    Columbina passerina neglecta

  148. Plain-breasted Ground Dove ______  5
    Columbina minuta elaeodes

  149. Ruddy Ground Dove ______ 26
    Columbina taipacoti rufipennis

  150. Blue Ground Dove ______ 10
    Claravis pretiosa      (monotypic)
  151. Inca Dove ______  22
    Columbina     (formerly Scardafella) inca  (monotypic)
  152. White-tipped Dove ______  26  (a former name was White-fronted Dove)
    Leptotila v, verreauxi

  153. Gray-chested Dove ______  12
    Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris

  154. Purplish-backed Quail-Dove ______  2
    Geotrygon lawrencii      (monotypic)
  155. Ruddy Quail-Dove ______ 6
    Geotrygon m. montana
            
  156. Great Green Macaw (t3) ______  6  (closely related to the Military Macaw of Mexico & northern South America, and by some has been considered conspecific)
    Ara a. ambigua      (the other subspecies is an isolated population in western Ecuador)

  157. Scarlet Macaw ______ 14
    Ara macao      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Ara macao cyanopterus      (northern subspecies, s. to Nicaragua, extending into northeast CR)
    Ara m. macao      (most populations in CR)  

  158. Finch's Parakeet (or Conure) ______  20  (has also been called Crimson-fronted Parakeet, or Conure) (total range only from southeastern Nicaragua to western Panama)
    Aratinga finschi      (monotypic)

  159. Aztec Parakeet (or Conure) ______ 15  (was considered by some as part of Olive-throated Parakeet/Conure when it included Jamaican population)
    Aratinga a. astec  

  160. Orange-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) ______  18
    Aratinga c. canicularis

  161. Barred Parakeet ______ 4
    Bolborhynchus l. lineola

  162. Orange-chinned Parakeet ______  27  (another name has been "Tovi Parakeet")
    Brotogeris j. jugularis

  163. Brown-hooded Parrot ______ 18
    Pionopsitta h. haematotis

  164. Blue-headed Parrot ______ 10
    Pionus menstuus rubigularis

  165. White-crowned Parrot ______  26
    Pionus senilis      (monotypic)
  166. White-fronted Amazon (or Parrot) ______ 16
    Amazona albifrons nana

  167. Red-lored Amazon (or Parrot) ______ 22
    Amazona autumnalis salvini

  168. Yellow-naped Amazon (or Parrot) (t2) ______  13
    Amazona a. auropalliata 

  169. Mealy Amazon (or Parrot)  ______ 24
    Amazona farinosa virenticeps

  170. Yellow-billed Cuckoo ______ 1
    Coccyzus americanus      (now monotypic)
  171. Mangrove Cuckoo ______ 7
    Coccyzus minor      (now monotypic)
  172. Squirrel Cuckoo ______ 25
    Piaya cayana thermophila 
  173. Groove-billed Ani ______  22
    Crotophaga sulciroxtris      (now monotypic, as a "second form" in Mexico now extinct) 

  174. Striped Cuckoo ______ 14
    Tapera naevia excellens

  175. Lesser Ground-Cuckoo ______ 12
    Morococcyx e. erythropygus

  176. Barn Owl ______ 11
    Tyto alba guatemalae

  177. Vermiculated Screech Owl ______  10  (has been considered a part of the "Guatemalan Screech Owl" of northern Central America, or even a more-expanded "Variable Screech Owl" of Central America & South America)
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) vermiculatus  (monotypic)
  178. Bare-shanked Screech Owl ______ 10  (total range from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia)
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) clarkii  (monotypic)
  179. Tropical Screech Owl ______ 2
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) choliba luctisonus
  180. Pacific Screech Owl ______ 16  (was said to be part of Western Screech-Owl of North America)
    Megascops     (formerly Otus) c. cooperi
  181. Crested Owl ______ 3
    Lophostrix cristata stricklandi      (the single member of its genus)
  182. Great Horned Owl  (CRr) ______  3
    Bubo virginianus mesembrinus

  183. Spectacled Owl ______  11
    Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata 

  184. Central American Pygmy Owl ______ 5  (was part of the former Least Pygmy Owl; another split from that is current East Brazilian Pygmy Owl of eastern Brazil in South America) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Glaucidium griseiceps rarum

  185. Costa Rican Pygmy Owl ______ 6  (was considered part of the Andean Pygmy-Owl of South America)
    Glaucidium costaricanum      (monotypic)
  186. "Ridgway's" Ferruginous Pygmy Owl ______ 10  
    Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi 

  187. Mottled Owl ______ 6
    Strix virgata centralis

  188. Black-and-white Owl ______  5
    Strix     (formerly Ciccaba) nigrolineata
  189. Striped Owl ______  3
    Pseudoscops     (formerly Asio) clamator forbesi
  190. Great Potoo ______ 8
    Nyctibius g. grandis

  191. Common Potoo  ______ 2
    Nyctibius griseus panamensis

  192. Short-tailed Nighthawk ______  7  (another name has been Semicollared Nighthawk)
    Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus

  193. Lesser Nighthawk ______ 16
    Chordeiles acutipennis littoralis      (other subspecies occur in Costa Rica as migrants)
  194. Pauraque ______ 27
    Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens      (the single member of its genus) 

  195. American Black Swift ______ 4
    Cypseloides niger costaricensis

  196. White-chinned Swift ______ 3
    Cypseloides cryptus      (monotypic)
  197. Chestnut-collared Swift ______ 5
    Streptoprocne     (formerly Cypseloides) rutilus  (monotypic)
  198. White-collared Swift ______ 26
    Streptoprocne zonaris bouchelli

  199. Gray-rumped Swift ______  10
    Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos

  200. "Dusky-backed" Vaux's Swift ______  21
    Chaetura vauxi richmondi

  201. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift ______  13
    Panyptila c. cayennensis

  202. Band-tailed Barbthroat ______ 8
    Threnetes ruckeri ventosus

  203. Bronzy Hermit ______ 7
    Glaucis aenea      (monotypic)
  204. Green Hermit ______ 15
    Phaethornis guy coruscus

  205. Long-billed Hermit ______ 17  (was, at one time, part of the Long-tailed Hermit, a species now restricted to South America)
    Phaethornis longirostris cephalus

  206. Stripe-throated Hermit ______ 21  (formerly conspecific with Little Hermit of northeast South America, another name has been "Boucard's Hermit", Phaethornis adolphi)
     Phaethornis striigularis saturatus     (genus formerly said to be Pygmornis) 
      
  207. Green-fronted Lancebill ______  3
    Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis

  208. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird ______ 8  (another name has been "Cuvier's Hummingbird")
         Campylopterus (has been Phaeochroa) cuvierii  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Campylopterus cuvierii roberti      (east CR)
    Campylopterus cuvierii maculicauda      (west CR)
  209. Violet Sabrewing ______ 19
    Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus 

  210. White-necked Jacobin ______ 13
    Florisuga m. mellivora 

  211. Brown Violetear ______ 8
    Colibri delphinae      (now monotypic)
  212. Green Violetear ______ 18  
    Colibri thalassinus cabanidis 

  213. Green-breasted Mango ______ 14  (another name has been "Prevost's Mango")
    Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris

  214. Violet-headed Hummingbird ______ 11
    Klais guimeti merrittii      (the single member of its genus)
  215. Black-crested Coquette ______ 1
    Lophornis helenae      (monotypic)
  216. Green Thorntail ______  10
    Discosura     (formerly Popelairia) conversii  (monotypic)
  217. Salvin's Emerald ______ 10  (this, and the more-northerly Canivet's Hummingbird and the more-southerly Garden Emerald have split from what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)
    Chlorostilbon salvini

  218. Violet-crowned Woodnymph ______ 19
    Thalurania colombica venusta

  219. Blue-throated Sapphire ______ 10  (has also been called Blue-throated Goldentail)
    Hylocharis e. eliciae

  220. Blue-chested Hummingbird ______  1
    Amazilia amabilis      (monotypic) 
  221. Mangrove Hummingbird (t2) (CRe) ______ 4  (total range limited to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where it occurs only in mangroves) 
    Amazilia boucardi      (monotypic)
  222. Steely-vented Hummingbird ______ 15
    Amazilia saucerrottei hoffmanni

  223. Cinnamon Hummingbird ______  18
    Amazilia rutila corallirostris

  224. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird ______  26
    Amazilia t. tzacatl  

  225. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird ______ 5
    Eupherusa eximia

  226. Black-bellied Hummingbird ______  7  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Eupherusa nigriventris

  227. Snowcap ______ 2  (total range from southern Honduras to western Panama)
    Microchera albocoronata parvirostris      (the single member of its genus)
  228. Coppery-headed Emerald (CRe) ______ 13  (total range limited to Costa Rica) 
    Elvira cupreiceps  

  229. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer ______ 5  (was previously called Red-footed Plumeleteer)
    Chalybura urochrysia melanorrhoa

  230. White-bellied Mountaingem ______  6  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Lampornis hemileucus      (monotypic)
  231. Purple-throated Mountaingem ______  17  (was considered conspecific with the Gray-tailed and White-throated Mountaingems, the latter in Panama) (total range limited to Nicaragua & Costa Rica) 
    Lampornis calolaema      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)

  232. Green-crowned Brilliant ______ 20
    Heliodoxa jacula henryi 
      
  233. Magnificent Hummingbird ______  19  (another species to the north, in northern Central America, Mexico, & the southwest US, has been called the "Rivoli's Hummingbird")
    Eugenes fulgens spectabilis

  234. Purple-crowned Fairy ______ 16
    Heliothryx barroti      (monotypic)

  235. Plain-capped Starthroat ______  12
    Heliomaster c. constantii

  236. Magenta-throated Woodstar (nt) ______ 13  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Calliphlox bryantae      (monotypic)
  237. Ruby-throated Hummingbird ______ 9
    Archilochus colubris      (monotypic)
  238. Scintillant Hummingbird ______ 18   (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Selasphorus scintilla      (monotypic)  

  239. Volcano Hummingbird ______ 19  (red-gorgeted form in Costa Rica formerly considered a species: the "Cerise-throated Hummingbird", Selasphorus simoni) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Selasphorus flammula      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Selasphorus f. flammula      (Irazu & Turrialba volcanoes)
    Selasphorus flammula simoni      (Poas & Barva volcanoes)
    Selasphorus flammula torridus      (Talamanca range) 

  240. Resplendent Quetzal (nt) ______ 19
    Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis 

  241. Slaty-tailed Trogon ______ 21  (another name has been "Massena Trogon")
     Trogon massena hoffmanni

  242. Black-headed Trogon ______  17  (has been considered conspecific with Citreoline Trogon of Mexico)
    Trogon melanocephalus 

  243. Elegant Trogon ______ 4  (northernmost race, in Mexico & southwest US, has been called Coppery-tailed Trogon)
    Trogon elegans lubricus

  244. Collared Trogon ______  19
    Trogon collaris puella
    Trogon collaris underwoodi          ("Orange-bellied Trogon": range in Costa Rica & western Panama) 
  245. Black-throated Trogon ______  10
    Trogon rufus tenellus

  246. Gartered Trogon ______  20  (was part of the Violaceous Trogon of South America) 
    Trogon caligatus     (formerly violaceus) concinnus  

  247. Ringed Kingfisher ______  24
    Megaceryle     (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata
  248. Belted Kingfisher ______ 8
    Megaceryle     (formerly Ceryle) alcyon  (monotypic)
  249. Amazon Kingfisher ______  21
    Chloroceryle amazona      (now monotypic)
  250. Green Kingfisher ______ 26
    Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis

  251. American Pygmy Kingfisher ______  12
    Chloroceryle a. aenea  

  252. Broad-billed Motmot ______  4
    Electron platyrhynchum minus

  253. Turquoise-browed Motmot ______  17
    Eumomota superciliosa australis      (the single member of its genus)
  254. Rufous Motmot ______ 5
    Baryphthengus martii semirufus

  255. Blue-crowned Motmot ______  24  (an alternate name, especially for the southern races, in South American, would be "Blue-diademed Motmot") 
    Momotus momota lessonii  

  256. Rufous-tailed Jacamar ______  11
    Galbula ruficauda melanogenia  
      
  257. White-necked Puffbird ______ 11
    Notharchus     (formerly Bucco) macrorhynchos hyperrynchus
  258. Pied Puffbird ______  5
    Notharchus     (formerly Bucco) tectus subtectus
  259. White-whiskered Puffbird  ______  5  (an alternate name would be "White-whiskered Softwing")
    Malacoptila panamensis fuliginosa

  260. White-fronted Nunbird ______ 5
    Monasa morphoeus grandior

  261. Red-headed Barbet ______  5
    Eubucco bourcieri salvini

  262. Prong-billed Barbet ______  11  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Semnornis frantzii      (monotypic)
  263. "Blue-throated" Emerald Toucanet ______  19  (a distinct subspecies from the "White-throated" Emerald Toucant of northern Central America)
    Aulacorhynchus prasinus caeruleogularis 

  264. Collared Aracari ______  17
    Pteroglossus t. torquatus  

  265. Keel-billed Toucan ______ 17  (an alternate name is "Rainbow-billed Toucan")
    Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus 

  266. Chestnut-mandibled Toucan ______ 25  (another name has been "Swainson's Toucan")
    Ramphastos ambiguus

  267. Acorn Woodpecker ______ 14
    Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus

  268. Black-cheeked Woodpecker ______ 16
    Melanerpes     (formerly Centurus or Tripsurus) pucherani  (monotypic) 

  269. Hoffmann's Woodpecker ______  23  (total range from southern Honduras to Costa Rica)
    Melanerpes     (formerly Centurus) hoffmannii  (monotypic)
  270. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker ______ 2
    Sphyrapicus varius      (monotypic)
  271. Hairy Woodpecker ______ 13
    Picoides villosus sanctorum

  272. Smoky-brown Woodpecker ______  8
     Veniliornis fumigatus sanguinolentus

  273. Golden-olive Woodpecker ______  11
    Piculus rubiginosus yucatanensis

  274. Rufous-winged Woodpecker ______  7  (closely related to Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker of Panama & White-throated Woodpecker of South America) (total range from eastern Honduras to western Panama) 
    Piculus simplex      (monotypic)

  275. Cinnamon Woodpecker ______  2
    Celeus loricatus diversus

  276. Chestnut-colored Woodpecker ______  1
    Celeus castaneus     (monotypic)

  277. Lineated Woodpecker ______ 25
    Dryocopus lineatus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Dryocopus lineatus similis      (northwest CR)
    Dryocopus l. lineatus      (most of CR) 

  278. Pale-billed Woodpecker ______  23  (another name has been "Flint-billed Woodpecker")
    Campephilus g. guatemalensis

  279. Red-capped Manakin ______ 20
    Pipra mentalis      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Pipra m. mentalis      (east CR)
    Pipra mentalis ignifera      (west CR) 

  280. Long-tailed Manakin ______ 14  
    Chiroxiphia linearis fastuosa  

  281. White-ruffed Manakin ______ 12
    Corapipo altera     (formerly leucorrhoa, leucorrhoa, that's now the scientific name of the formerly conspecific White-bibbed Manakin of northern South America)  White-bibbed Manakin of northern South America)  White-bibbed Manakin of northern South America) 
    (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Corapipo a. altera  (north CR) 
  282. White-collared Manakin ______ 14  (has been considered conspecific with the Orange-collared Manakin, and with the Golden-collared Manakin of Panama; these 3 Central American manakins are closely related to the White-bearded Manakin, Manacus manacus, of South America)
    Manacus candei

  283. Masked Tityra ______ 27
    Tityra semifasciata costaricensis

  284. Black-crowned Tityra ______  16
    Tityra inquisitor fraserii

  285. Thrushlike Schiffornis ______  11  (has been called Thrushlike Mourner and Thrushlike Manakin - but neither a mourner nor a manakin)
    Schiffornis turdina veraepacis

  286. Barred Becard ______ 3
    Pachyramphus versicolor costaricensis

  287. Cinnamon Becard ______  14
    Pachyramphus cinnamomeus fulvidior

  288. White-winged Becard ______ 7
    Pachyramphus polychopterus similis

  289. Rose-throated Becard ______ 23
    Pachyramphus aglaiae latirostris      (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
  290. Rufous Piha ______ 11
    Lipaugus u. unirufus

  291. Snowy Cotinga ______  9  (total range from northern Honduras to western Panama)
    Carpodectes nitidus      (monotypic)

  292. Bare-necked Umbrellabird  (t3) ______  3  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Cephalopterus glabricollis      (monotypic)
  293. Three-wattled Bellbird  (t3) ______ 11  (total range from eastern Honduras to western Panama) 
    Procnias tricarunculata      (monotypic)

  294. Gray-headed Piprites (nt) ______ 3  (has been called Gray-headed Manakin, but not a manakin) (total range from eastern Guatemala to Costa Rica)
    Piprites griseiceps      (monotypic)

  295. Black Phoebe ______ 21
    Sayornis nigricans amnicola

  296. Long-tailed Tyrant ______  12
    Colonia colonus leuconota      (the single member of its genus)

  297. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher ______ 13
    Tyrannus forficatus      (monotypic)  
  298. Fork-tailed Flycatcher ______ 8
    Tyrannus savana monachus

  299. Eastern Kingbird ______ 3
    Tyrannus tyrannus  (monotypic)
  300. Tropical Kingbird ______  27
    Tyrannus melancholicus satrapa

  301. Western Kingbird ______  3
    Tyrannus verticalis     (monotypic)

  302. Piratic Flycatcher ______  10
    Legatus leucophaius      (the single member of its genus)  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica: L. l. variegatus & L. l. leucophaius)
  303. White-ringed Flycatcher ______  8  (closely related to the Yellow-throated Flycatcher of South America)
    Conopias     (formerly Corytriccus) albovittatus distinctus
  304. Boat-billed Flycatcher ______ 20
    Megarynchus pitangua mexicanus

  305. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher ______ 12
    Myiodynastes luteiventris     (monotypic)

  306. Streaked Flyctcher ______  16
    Myiodynastes masulatus insolens

  307. Golden-bellied Flycatcher ______ 8
    Myiodynastes hemichrysus      (monotypic)
  308. Gray-capped Flycatcher ______  22
    Myiozetetes g. granadensis

  309. Social Flycatcher ______  27
    Myiozetetes similis      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Myiozetetes similis texensis     (north CR)  

  310. Great Kiskadee ______ 27
    Pitangus sulphuratus guatimalensis
  311. Rufous Mourner ______  9
    Rhytipterna h. holerythra

  312. Panama Flycatcher ______  5
    Myiarchus panamensis actiosus     (subspecies endemic to Costa Rica)

  313. Brown-crested Flycatcher ______  16
    Myiarchus tyrannulus brachyurus

  314. Nutting's Flycatcher ______ 17  (another name has been "Pale-throated Flycatcher") 
    Myiarchus nuttingi flavidior

  315. Great Crested Flycatcher ______ 20
    Myiarchus crinitus      (monotypic)
  316. Dusky-capped Flycatcher ______  21
    Myiarchus tuberculifer connectens

  317. Bright-rumped Attila ______ 14
    Attila spadiceus citreopyga

  318. Olive-sided Flycatcher  ______  7  (an alternate name would be "Boreal Pewee")
    Contopus cooperi      (formerly in genus Nuttallornis, with its previous scientific name, for a long time, borealis)

  319. Eastern Wood Pewee ______  10
    Contopus virens      (monotypic)

  320. Western Wood Pewee ______ 5
    Contopus sordidulus      (4 subspecies migrate through Costa Rica)
  321. Tropical Pewee ______ 20
    Contopus cinereus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Contopus cinereus rhizophorus  (west CR)
    Contopus cinereus brachytarsus     (elsewhere in CR)   
  322. Dark Pewee ______ 15  (This species, and the Greater Pewee of northern Central America, were previously considered conspecfic with the Smoke-colored Pewee of South America.) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Contopus lugubris  (monotypic)
  323. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher ______ 7
    Empidonax flaviventris      (monotypic)

  324. Acadian Flycatcher ______ 1
    Empidonax virescens      (monotypic)

  325. Willow Flycatcher ______ 8
    Empidonax t. trailii

  326. Alder Flycatcher ______ 6
    Empidonax alnorum      (monotypic)

  327. Yellowish Flycatcher ______ 15
    Empidonax f. flavescens

  328. Black-capped Flycatcher ______ 12  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Empidonax atriceps      (monotypic)
  329. Northern Tufted Flycatcher ______ 18
    Mitrephanes phaeocercus auraantiiventris

  330. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher ______ 11
    Terenotriccus erythrurus fulvigularis      (the single member of its genus)
  331. Sulphur-rumped Myiobius  ______  9 (has been known as Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher; closely related to the Whiskered Myiobius of South America, with which it was conspecific)
    Myiobius sulphureipygius

  332. White-throated Spadebill ______ 3
    Platyrinchus mystaceus

  333. Northern Royal Flycatcher ______  1
    Onychorhynchus mexicanus

  334. Yellow-olive Flatbill ______ 19  (has been known as Yellow-olive Flycatcher)
    Tolmomyias sulphurescns cinereiceps

  335. Yellow-margined Flatbill ______  4  (has been known as Yellow-margined Flycatcher; closely related to the Zimmer's Flatbill of South America, with which it was considered conspecific)
    Tolmomyias flavotectus

  336. Eye-ringed Flatbill ______ 5
    Rhynchocyclus brevirostris

  337. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher ______ 1
    Todirostrum nigriceps

  338. Common Tody-Flycatcher ______  25
    Todirostrum cinereum

  339. Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher ______  14
    Poecilotriccus     (formerly Todirostrum) sylvia
  340. Northern Bentbill ______ 7  (by some considered conspecific with the Southern Bentbill of Panama & northern South America)
    Oncostoma cinereigulare 

  341. Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant ______  12
    Lophotriccus pileatus

  342. Black-capped Pygmy Tyrant ______ 1  (closely related to Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant of South America)
    Myiornis atricapillus

  343. Yellow Tyrannulet ______  7
    Capsiempis flaveola

  344. Torrent Tyrannulet ______  23
    Serpophage cinerea

  345. Yellow-bellied Elaenia ______  22
    Elaenia flavogaster subpagana  

  346. Lesser Elaenia ______  9
    Elaenia chiriquensis

  347. Mountain Elaenia ______ 20
    Elaenia frantzii

  348. Greenish Elaenia ______ 5
    Myiopagis viridicata

  349. Northern Scrub Flycatcher ______ 3  (was conspecific with the South & Amazonian Scrub Flycatchers of South America; when so, was called Scrub Flycatcher) 
    Sublegatus arenarum

  350. Northern Beardless Tyrannulet ______  8
    Campostoma imberbe

  351. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet ______  9
    Campostoma obsoletum

  352. Paltry Tyrannulet ______ 15  (has been called "Mistletoe Tyrannulet"; closely related to Venezuelan Tyrannulet of northern South America, with which it was formerly conspecific)
    Zimmerius vilissimus

  353. Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet ______  2
    Ornithion semiflavum

  354. White-fronted Tyrannulet ______   3  (has also been called Zeledon's Tyrannulet; was considered conspecific with the Rough-legged Tyrannulet of South America)
    Phyllomyias zeledoni 

  355. Slaty-capped Flycatcher ______ 7
     Leptopogon superciliaris

  356. Olive-striped Flycatcher ______ 12
    Mionectes o. olivaceus

  357. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher ______ 7
    Mionectes oleagineus dyscolus

  358. Fasciated Antshrike ______ 1
    Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus

  359. Great Antshrike ______ 8
    Taraba major melanocrissus      (the single member of its genus)
  360. Barred Antshrike ______  20
    Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus      (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica) 

  361. Western Slaty Antshrike ______ 6
    Thamnophilus a. atrinucha

  362. Russet Antshrike ______ 6
    Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus      (the single member of its genus)
  363. Plain Antvireo ______  9
    Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis

  364. Streak-crowned Antvireo ______ 2  (total range from southeastern Honduras to Costa Rica)
    Dysithamnus striaticeps      (monotypic)

  365. White-flanked Antwren ______ 1
    Myrmotherula axillaris albigula

  366. Slaty Antwren ______ 8
    Myrmotherula s. schisticolor

  367. Checker-throated Antwren ______ 1  (the British spelling is "Chequer-throated")
    Myrmotherula fulviventris costaricensis

  368. Dot-winged Antwren ______ 13
    Microrhopias quixensis virgatus      (the single member of its genus) 

  369. Dusky Antbird ______ 10
    Cercomacra tyrannina crepera

  370. Bare-crowned Antbird ______  1
    Myrmeciza nudiceps chiroleuca      (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica) (the single member of its genus)

  371. Chestnut-backed Antbird ______ 10
    Myrmeciza exsul      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis      (southwest CR)
    Mymeciza e. exsul      (elsewhere in CR) 

  372. Immaculate Antbird ______ 1
    Myrmeciza immaculata zeledoni

  373. Bicolored Antbird ______ 6 (considered conspecific with "White-cheeked Antbird" of northern South America)
    Gymnopithys leucaspis olivascens

  374. Spotted Antbird ______ 6
    Hylophylax naevioides capnitis

  375. Ocellated Antbird ______  4
    Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus      (the single member of its genus)

  376. Black-faced Antthrush ______ 10
    Formicarius analis      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Formicarius analis hoffmanni      (south CR)
    Formicarius analis umbrosus      (elsewhere in CR)

  377. Black-headed Antthrush ______ 1
    Formicarius n. nigricapillus

  378. Rufous-breasted Antthrush ______  3
    Formicarius r. rufipectus

  379. Silvery-fronted Tapaculo ______ 6  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Scytalopus a. argentifrons

  380. Spotted Barbtail ______ 6
    Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda

  381. Slaty Spinetail ______  10
    Synallaxis brachyura nigrofumosa

  382. Red-faced Spinetail ______ 2
    Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis

  383. Ruddy Treerunner ______ 6  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Margarornis r. rubiginosus  

  384. Buffy Tuftedcheek ______ 9  (was considered conspecific with the Streaked & Pacific Tuftedcheeks of South America)
    Pseudocolaptes l. lawrencii

  385. Western Woodhaunter  ______  1 (was called Striped Foliage-gleaner, and more recently Striped Woodhaunter; now split from the Eastern Woodhaunter of South America)
    Hyloctistes v. virgatus

  386. Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner ______ 5  (was called Spectacled Foliage-gleaner)
    Anabacerthia v. variegaticeps

  387. Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner  ______ 6  (another name has been "Buff-throated Automolus")
    Automolus ochrolaemus hypophaeus

  388. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner ______ 5
    Philydor rufus panerythrum

  389. Streak-breasted Treehunter ______ 3  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Tripacdectes rufobrunneus     (monotypic)
  390. Plain Xenops ______  12
    Xenops minutus littoralis

  391. Streaked Xenops ______  2
    Xenops rutilans septentrionalis

  392. Scaly-throated Leaftosser  ______ 3  (another name has been "Scaly-throated Leafscraper") 
    Sclerurus g. guatemalensis

  393. Plain-brown Woodcreeper ______ 4
    Dendrocincla fuliginosa ridgwayi

  394. Ruddy Woodcreeper ______ 3
    Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta

  395. Long-tailed Woodcreeper ______ 3
    Dendrocincla longicauda typica

  396. Olivaceous Woodcreeper ______ 17
    Sittasomus griseicapillus sylvioides      (the single member of its genus) 
  397. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper ______  17
    Glyphorynchus spirurus sublestus       (the single member of its genus)
  398. Strong-billed Woodcreeper ______  2
    Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus costaricensis

  399. Northern Barred Woodcreeper ______  11  (was conspecific with the Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper of South America; when so, was called Barred Woodcreeper)  
    Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Dendrocolaptes s. sanctithomae      (most of Pacific side of CR) 
  400. Black-banded Woodcreeper ______  3
    Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis

  401. Cocoa Woodcreeper ______ 13  (was part of the Buff-throated Woodcreeper of South America)
    Xiphorhynchus susurrans costaricensis

  402. Black-striped Woodcreeper ______  12
    Xiphorhynchus l. lachrymosus

  403. Ivory-billed Woodcreeper ______  1  (another name has been "Laughing Woodcreeper") 
    Xiphorhynchus flavigaster ultimus
  404. Spotted Woodcreeper ______ 8
    Xiphorhynchus erthropygius punctigula

  405. Streak-headed Woodcreeper ______ 24
    Lepidocolaptes souleyetii compressus

  406. Spot-crowned Woodcreeper ______ 13
    Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus

  407. Brown-billed Scythebill ______  7
    Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis

  408. Rufous-browed Peppershrike ______  4
    Cyclarhis gujanensis subflavescens

  409. Green Shrike-Vireo ______ 6 (was considered conspecific by some with the  Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo of Panama & northern South America)
    Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis

  410. Mangrove Vireo ______ 8
    Vireo pallens      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica) 
    Vireo pallens nicoyensis      (northwest CR)
    Vireo p. pallens      (west CR) 
  411. Yellow-winged Vireo ______ 12
    Vireo carmioli      (monotypic) 
  412. Yellow-throated Vireo ______ 17
    Vireo flavifrons      (monotypic) 
  413. Philadelphia Vireo ______ 13
    Vireo philadelphicus      (monotypic)

  414. Red-eyed Vireo ______ 9
    Vireo o. olivaceus  

  415. Yellow-green Vireo ______ 21 (was regarded by some as a race of the Red-eyed Vireo)
    Vireo f. flavoviridis

  416. Warbling Vireo ______ 3
    Vireo g. gilvus

  417. "Gray-headed" Lesser Greenlet ______  24  (Central American gray-headed races are conspecific with South American race) 
    Hylophilus d. decurtatus

  418. Azure-hooded Jay ______ 2
    Cyanolyca c. cucullata

  419. Brown Jay ______ 24
    Cyanocorax m. morio

  420. White-throated Magpie-Jay ______  16  (was considered by some to be conspecific with the Black-throated Magpie-Jay of Mexico) 
    Calocitta formosa pompata 

  421. Tree Swallow ______ 4
    Tachycineta bicolor      (monotypic)
  422. Mangrove Swallow ______  22
    Tachycineta albilinea  (monotypic)

  423. Purple Martin ______ 3
    Progne subis      (3 subspecies migrate thru Costa Rica)
  424. Gray-breasted Martin ______  27
    Progne c. chalybea

  425. Blue-and-white Swallow ______  27
    Pygochelidon     (formerly Notiochelidon) c. cyanoleuca
  426. Northern Rough-winged Swallow ______  13
    Stelgidopteryx serripennis      (3 subspecies occur in Costa Rica) 
  427. Southern Rough-winged Swallow ______  25
    Stelgidopteryx ruficollis decolor

  428. Bank Swallow ______ 4  (also called Sand Martin, throughout much of its extensive range, particularly in the Old World)
    Riparia r. riparia

  429. Barn Swallow ______ 22
    Hirundo rustica erythrogaster

  430. American Cliff Swallow ______  2
    Petrochelidon     (formerly Hirundo) pyrrhonota (formerly Hirundo) pyrrhonota
     (5 subspecies migrate thru Costa Rica)
  431. Rufous-naped Wren ______ 17
    Campylorhynchus rufinucha      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Campylorhynchus rufinucha capistratus      (north CR)
    Campylorhynchus rufinucha nicoyae      (northwest CR, Nicoya Peninsula) 

  432. Band-backed Wren ______ 10  (another name has been "Barred Wren")
    Campylorhynchus zonatus costaricensis

  433. Bay Wren ______ 16
    Thryothorus nigricapillus costaricensis

  434. Stripe-breasted Wren ______ 7  (closely related to, formerly conspecific with Striped-throated Wren of South America) (total range from Nicaragua to Panama)
    Thryothorus thoracicus      (monotypic)
  435. Banded Wren ______ 10
    Thryothorus pleurostictus ravus

  436. Rufous-and-white Wren ______  7
    Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus

  437. Plain Wren ______  15
    Thryothorus modestus      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Thryothorus m. modestus      (north CR)
    Thryothorus modestus elutus     (southwest CR)
    Thryothorus modestus zeledoni  (the "Canebrake Wren" of the Caribbean lowlands, once considered a separate species)   

          
  438. Black-throated Wren ______ 3  (total range from Nicaragua to western Panama)
    Thryothorus atroguaris      (monotypic)
  439. "Southern" House Wren ______  27
    Troglodytes     aedon  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)  
    Troglodytes aedon intermedius  (most of CR)
  440. Ochraceous Wren ______ 7  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Troglodytes o. ochraceus

  441. White-breasted Wood Wren ______  15
    Henicorhina leucosticta     (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Henicorhina leucosticta costaricensis     (central CR)
    Henicorhina leucosticta pittieri     (southwest CR) 
  442. Gray-breasted Wood Wren ______ 24
    Henicorhina leucophrys collina

  443. Northern Nightingale-Wren ______  7  
     Microcerculus philomela (monotypic)
  444. Song Wren ______ 4  (closely related to the Musician Wren of South America)
    Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus richardsoni

  445. White-lored Gnatcatcher ______ 15
    Popioptila a. albiloris

  446. Tropical Gnatcatcher ______ 20
    Polioptila plumbea      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Polioptila plumbea brodkorbi      (north CR)
    Polioptila plumbea superciliaris      (most of CR) 
  447. Long-billed Gnatwren ______ 9   
    Ramphocaenus melanurus     panamensis

  448. Black-faced Solitaire ______  17 (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Myadestes melanops      (monotypic)

  449. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush ______  11
    Catharus aurantiirostris      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Catharus aurantiirostris costaricensis     (most of CR)
    Catharus aurantiirostris russatus (southwest CR) 

  450. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush ______ 7
    Catharus fuscater hellmayri

  451. Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush ______  13
    Catharus f. frantzii

  452. Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush ______ 1
    Catharus mexicanus carrikeri

  453. Gray-cheeked Thrush ______ 2
    Catharus minimus      (2 subspecies migrate south from North America)
  454. Swainson's Thrush ______ 12
    Catharus ustulatus      (4 of 6 subspecies migrate as far south as Costa Rica) 

  455. Veery ______ 2
    Catharus fuscescens      (4 subspecies migrate south from North America)
  456. Wood Thrush ______ 8
    Hylocichla     (formerly Catharus) mustelinus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  457. Sooty Thrush ______ 16  (has been called Sooty Robin) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Turdus nigrescens      (monotypic)  
  458. Mountain Thrush _______ 23  (has been called Mountain Robin)
    Turdus p. plebejus

  459. Pale-vented Thrush ______  4  (has been called Pale-vented Robin; and has been said, at various times, to be conspecific with the Cocoa and Hauxwell's Thrushes of South America)
    Turdus o. obsoletus

  460. Clay-colored Thrush ______  27  (has been called Clay-colored Robin) (the national bird of Costa Rica)
    Turdus grayi casius

  461. White-throated Robin ______  10  (has been called White-throated Robin; closely related to, previously conspecific with the White-necked Thrush of South America)
    Turdus assimilis cnephosus

  462. Gray Catbird ______ 2
    Dumetella carolinensis      (monotypic)

  463. American Dipper ______  12
    Cinclus mexicanus ardesiacus

  464. Long-tailed Silky-Flycatcher ______  17  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Ptilogonys caudatus      (monotypic)
  465. Black-and-yellow Phainoptila  ______  9  (has been called Black-and-yellow Silky-Flycatcher) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Phainoptila melanoxantha      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Phainoptila m. melanoxantha      (south CR)
    Phainoptila melanoxantha parkeri      (north CR)
  466. Scrub Euphonia ______ 13
    Euphonia a. affinis

  467. Yellow-crowned Euphonia ______  17  (total range from Nicaragua to Panama)
    Euphonia luteicapilla      (monotypic)
  468. Yellow-throated Euphonia ______ 8
    Euphonia hirundinacea gnatho

  469. Olive-backed Euphonia ______ 14
    Euphonia gouldi praetermissa

  470. White-vented Euphonia ______  6
    Euphonia minuta humilis

  471. Tawny-capped Euphonia ______ 12  (total range from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia)
    Euphonia a. anneae

  472. Elegant Euphonia ______ 7  (was called the Blue-hooded Euphonia when the expanded species included the Antillean Euphonia of the West Indies and the Golden-rumped Euphonia of South America)
    Euphonia e. elegantissma

  473. Golden-browed Chlorophonia ______ 12  (was at one time considered conspecifc with the Blue-crowned Chlorophonia of northern Central America)  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Chlorophonia callophrys      (monotypic)
  474. House Sparrow (i) ______ 26
    Passer domesticus
  475. Lesser Goldfinch ______ 6
    Carduelis psaltria colombiana

  476. Black-and-white Warbler ______ 21
    Mniotilta varia      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
  477. Prothonotary Warbler ______ 11
    Protonotaria citrea      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 

  478. Worm-eating Warbler ______  2
    Helmitheros vermivorus      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  479. Golden-winged Warbler ______  16
    Vermivora chrysoptera

  480. Blue-winged Warbler (CRr) ______  1
    Vermivora pinus

  481. Tennessee Warbler ______ 21
    Vermivora peregrina

  482. Flame-throated Warbler ______  13  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Parula gutturalis

  483. Northern Parula (CRr) ______ 1
    Parula americana      (monotypic)
  484. Tropical Parula ______ 17
    Parula pitiayumi speciosa

  485. Yellow Warbler ______  23
    Dendroica     petechia 

  486. Mangrove Warbler ______ 16  (was considered part of the Yellow Warbler)
    Dendroica erithachorides 

  487. Magnolia Warbler ______ 4
    Dendroica magnolia

  488. Cape May Warbler (CRr) ______  1
    Dendroica tigrina      (monotypic)
  489. Black-throated Blue Warbler (CRr) ______ 4
    Dendroica caerulescens

  490. "Myrtle" Yellow-rumped Warbler ______ 4
    Dendroica c. coronata

  491. Yellow-throated Warbler ______ 2
    Dendroica dominica albilora

  492. Chestnut-sided Warbler ______ 24
    Dendroica pensylvanica

  493. Hermit Warbler (CRr) ______ 2
    Dendroica occidentalis

  494. Black-throated Green Warbler ______ 21
    Dendroica v. virens

  495. Prairie Warbler ______ 2
    Dendroica discolor

  496. Cerulean Warbler ______  1
    Dendroica cerulea

  497. Blackburnian Warbler ______ 17
    Dendroica fusca

  498. Bay-breasted Warbler ______ 3
    Dendroica castanea

  499. American Redstart ______ 13
    Setophaga ruticilla

  500. Ovenbird ______ 5
    Seiurus aurocapillus

  501. Northern Waterthrush ______  22
    Seiurus noveboracensis

  502. Louisiana Waterthrush ______  9
    Seiurus motacilla

  503. Common Yellowthroat ______ 3
    Geothlypis trichas

  504. Olive-crowned Yellowthroat ______ 11
    Geothlypis semiflava

  505. Gray-crowned Yellowthroat ______ 16  (other names have been "Ground Chat" and "Meadow Warbler")
    Chamaethlypis poliocephala      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Chamaethlypis poliocephala palpebralis      (north CR)
    Chamaethlypis poliocephala icterotis      (west CR)
  506. Kentucky Warbler ______ 7
    Oporornis formosus

  507. Mourning Warbler ______  13
    Oporornis philadelphia

  508. MacGillivrays' Warbler ______  2
    Oporornis tolmiei

  509. Wilson's Warbler ______ 24
    Wilsonia pusilla

  510. Canada Warbler ______ 5
    Wilsonia canadensis

  511. Slate-throated Whitestart  ______ 24  (has been called Slate-throated Redstart)
    Myioborus miniatus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Myioborus miniatus comptus      (west CR)
    Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus      (east CR)
  512. Collared Whitestart  ______ 23  (has been called Collared Redstart) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Myioborus torquatus      (monotypic) 

  513. Stripe-crowned Warbler ______ 8  (has been called Golden-crowned Warbler)
    Basileuterus culcivorus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Basileuterus c. culcivorus      (north CR)
  514. Chestnut-capped Warbler ______ 17  (has been said by some to be conspecific with the Rufous-capped Warbler of northern Central America)
    Basileuterus delattrii      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Basileuterus d. delattrii      (northern CR) 
  515. Black-cheeked Warbler ______  9  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Basileuterus m. melanogernys

  516. Three-striped Warbler ______ 7
    Basileuterus tristriatus chitrensis

  517. Buff-rumped Warbler ______  18  (closely related to the Riverbank Warbler of South America)
    Phaeothlypis fulvicauda      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Phaeothlypis fulvicauda leucopygia      (most of CR)
  518. Wrenthrush ______ 4
    Zeledonia coronata      (monotypic)
  519. Chestnut-headed Oropendola ______  10
    Zarhynchus wagleri ridgwayi

  520. Montezuma Oropendola ______ 19
    Psarocolius montezuma      (monotypic)  
  521. Scarlet-rumped Cacique ______ 14
    Cacicus microrhynchus microrhynchus

  522. Yellow-billed Cacique ______ 6
    Amblycercus     (formerly Cacicus) h. holosericeus
  523. Yellow-tailed Oriole ______ 2
    Icterus mesomelas salvinii

  524. Spot-breasted Oriole ______  5
    Icterus pectoralis espinachi  

  525. Streak-backed Oriole ______  15
    Icteus pustulatus sclateri

  526. Baltimore Oriole ______ 24  (was merged for a while with the Bullock's Oriole and was then called the Northern Oriole)
    Icterus galbula      (monotypic)
  527. Bullock's Oriole ______ 3  (was merged for a while with the Baltimore Oriole and was then called the Northern Oriole)
    Icteus bullockii      (monotypic)
  528. Orchard Oriole ______ 12
    Icterus s. spurius

  529. Black-cowled Oriole ______ 13  (formerly conspecific with Caribbean population that is now called Greater Antillean Oriole, Icterus dominicensis) 
    Icterus prosthemelas

  530. Red-winged Blackbird ______ 13
    Agelaius phoeniceus grinnelli

  531. Eastern Meadowlark ______ 24
    Sturnella magna subulata

  532. Melodious Blackbird ______  2  (this species of northern Central America was first recorded in Costa Rica in 1987; now it's widespread and fairly common in the country)
    Dives dives      (monotypic)
  533. Great-tailed Grackle ______  27
    Quiscalus mexicanus peruvianus

  534. Nicaraguan Grackle (nt) ______ 2  (total range limited to southern Nicaragua & northern Costa Rica)
    Quiscalus nicaraguensis      (monotypic)
  535. Bronzed Cowbird ______ 22   
    Molothrus a. aeneus

  536. Giant Cowbird ______ 3
    Molothrus     (formerly Scaphidura) oryzivorus impacifa
  537. Bananaquit ______  25
    Coereba flaveola mexicana

  538. Orange-billed Sparrow ______ 14
    Arremon aurantiirostris      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Arremon a. aurantiirostris      (west CR)
    Arremon aurantiirostris rufidorsalis      (otherwise in CR)

  539. "Pacific" Olive Sparrow ______ 9  (3 forms of Olive Sparrow are closely related. May be conspecific. May not be.)
    Arremonops rufivirgatus superciliosus

  540. Black-striped Sparrow ______ 24  (has been considered conspecific with Green-backed Sparrow)
    Arremonops conirostris richmondi  

  541. White-eared Ground-Sparrow ______ 6
    Melozone l. leucotis

  542. Grasshopper Sparrow ______ 1
    Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus

  543. Rusty Sparrow ______ 1
    Aimophila rufescens hypaethrus

  544. Stripe-headed Sparrow ______ 16  (has also been called Russet-tailed Sparrow)
    Aimophila r. ruficauda

  545. Volcano Junco ______ 10  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Junco vulcani      (monotypic)

  546. Rufous-collared Sparrow ______  27
    Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis

  547. Common Bush Tanager ______ 25
    Chlorospingus ophthalmicus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
         Chlorospingus ophthalmicus regionalis  (east CR)
  548. Sooty-capped Bush Tanager ______ 21  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Chlorospingus p. pileatus

  549. Ashy-throated Bush Tanager ______  1
    Chlorospingus canigularis olivaceiceps
  550. Black-and-yellow Tanager ______ 8  (total range limited to Costa Rica & Panama)
    Chrysothlypis chrysomelas titanota

  551. Dusky-faced Tanager ______ 3
    Mitrospingus cassinii costaridensis

  552. Gray-headed Tanager ______ 7
    Eucometis penicillata      (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Eucometis penicillata spodocephala      (west CR)
  553. White-throated Shrike-Tanager _____ 3  (total range from eastern Honduras to Panama)
    Lanio leucothorax      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Lanio l. leucothorax      (east CR)
    Lanio leucothorax reversus      (northwest CR)
  554. White-shouldered Tanager ______  9
    Tachyphonus luctuosus axillaris

  555. Tawny-crested Tanager ______ 8
    Tachyphonus delatrii      (monotypic)

  556. White-lined Tanager ______ 15
    Tachyphonus rufus      (monotypic)
  557. Carmiol's Tanager ______ 3  (was considered conspecific with Olive Tanager of South America)
     Chlorothraupis c. carmioli

  558. Red-crowned Ant Tanager ______  4
    Habia rubica      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Habia rubica alfaroana      (northwest CR)
    Habia rubica vinacea      (south & west CR) 
  559. Red-throated Ant Tanager ______  2
    Habia f. fuscicauda

  560. Tooth-billed Tanager ______ 12  (has been part of the more-northerly Hepatic Tanager, Piranga hepatica, and what's now the more-southerly Red Tanager, Piranga flava, in South America) 
    Piranga lutea testacea

  561. Summer Tanager ______ 23
    Piranga r. rubra

  562. Scarlet Tanager ______ 6
    Piranga olivacea      (monotypic)
  563. Western Tanager ______ 11
    Piranga ludoviciana      (monotypic)
  564. Flame-colored Tanager ______  14  (another name has been Streak-backed Tanager)
    Piranga bidentata citrea

  565. White-winged Tanager ______ 6
    Piranga leucoptera latifasciata

  566. Crimson-collared Tanager ______ 15
    Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta      (the single member of its genus, although has been said to be the genus Ramphocelus)
  567. Passerini's Tanager ______  20  (when conspecific with the Cherrie's Tanager, was called Scarlet-rumped Tanager)
    Ramphocelus passerini  

  568. Blue-gray Tanager ______  27
    Thraupis episcopus cana

  569. Palm Tanager ______ 26
    Thraupis palmarum atripennis

  570. Blue-and-gold Tanager (nt) ______ 7  (total range limited to Costa Rica & Panama)
    Bangsia     (formerly Buthraupis) arcaei careruleigularis
  571. Plain-colored Tanager ______ 2  (total range from Costa Rica to northern Colombia) 
    Tangara inornata rava

  572. Emerald Tanager ______ 4
    Tangara f. florida

  573. Silver-throated Tanager ______  23
    Tangara icterocephala frantzii  

  574. Speckled Tanager ______  10
    Tangara guttata eusticta  
  575. Bay-headed Tanager ______  21
    Tangara gyrola bangsi 

  576. Golden-hooded Tanager ______  26 (an alternate name of "Golden-masked Tanager" is inappropriate; closely related, however, to the Masked Tanager of South America)
    Tangara larvata      (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Tangara l. larvata      (north CR)
    Tangara larvata centralis      (east CR)
    Tangara larvata franciscae      (west CR) 
  577. Spangle-cheeked Tanager ______ 15  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Tangara dowii      (monotypic)
  578. Scarlet-thighed Dacnis ______ 19
    Dacnis v. venusta 

  579. Blue Dacnis ______  17
    Dacnis cayana callaina

  580. Green Honeycreeper ______  23
    Chlorophanes spiza arguta 

  581. Shining Honeycreeper ______ 14
    Cyanerpes lucidus isthmicus

  582. Red-legged Honeycreeper ______ 22
    Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes  

  583. Slaty Flower-piercer ______ 21  (closely related to Rusty Flower-Piercer of South America) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Diglossa p. plumbea

  584. Yellow-faced Grassquit ______  25
    Tiuaris olivacea pusillus

  585. White-collared Seedeater ______  18
    Sporophila torqueola morelleti

  586. Variable Seedeater ______ 16  (including the "Black" Variable Seedeater, on the Caribbean side of Costa Rica, once considered a distinct species)  
     Sporophila corvina      (formerly Sporophila aurita)
  587. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater ______   5
    Sporophila minuta      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Sporophila minuta parva      (north CR)
  588. Thick-billed Seed Finch ______ 19  (was conspecific with what's now the Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch of South America, Oryzoborus angolensis, and was then called the Lesser Seed Finch) 
    Oryzoborus funereus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Oryzoborus funereus salvini      (most of CR)
  589. Blue-black Grassquit ______  27
    Volatinia jacarina splendens      (the single member of its genus)
  590. Large-footed Finch ______ 12  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
    Pezopetes capitalis      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
  591. Yellow-thighed Finch ______  18  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Pselliophorrus tibialis      (monotypic)
  592. Yellow-throated Brush Finch ______ 12  (has been merged by some with the more-southerly White-naped Brush Finch, Atlapetes albinucha)
    Atlapetes gutturalis

  593. Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch ______  9
    Buarremon (formerly Atlapetes) brunneinucha  

  594. Sooty-faced Finch ______ 2  (total range is Costa Rica & Panama)
    Lysurus crassirostris      (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)

  595. Black-headed Saltator ______  12
    Saltator a. atriceps      (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
  596. Buff-throated Saltator ______ 25
    Saltator maximus      (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
    Saltator maximus magnoides      (most of CR) 
  597. "Northern" Grayish Saltator ______  11
    Saltator coerulescens brevicaudus

  598. Black-faced Grosbeak ______ 11
    Caryothraustes poliogaster scapularis

  599. Slate-colored Grosbeak ______ 1
    Saltator (formerly Pitylus) grossus      
  600. Black-thighed Grosbeak ______ 14  (closely related to the more-northerly  Mexican Yellow-Grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus, and the more-southerly Southern Yellow-Grosbeak, Pheuticus chrysogaster, of South America) (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Pheucticus tibialis      (monotypic)
  601. Rose-breasted Grosbeak ______ 21
    Pheucticus ludovicianus      (monotypic)
  602. Blue Grosbeak ______ 6
    Passerina     (formerly Guiraca) caerulea lazula
  603. Blue-black Grosbeak ______  13
    Cyanocompsa cyanoides caerulescens

  604. Indigo Bunting ______ 4
    Passerina cyanea      (monotypic)
  605. Painted Bunting ______  7
    Passerina ciris pallidior