VENEZUELA 
BIRDS


Noting those found
during Focus On Nature Tours 
with an (*)

from 1991 thru 2014

during the months of February, 
 March, and June


A Venezuela Bird List compiled by Armas Hill.

PHOTO AT UPPER RIGHT: GOLDEN TANAGERS at a feeder during a FONT tour in Venezuela     


About 700 species of birds have cumulatively been seen during FONT tours in Venezuela.


Codes:

Indicating regions visited (as follows):

AM: The Andean state of Merida (from subtropical forest to paramo)

AT: The Andean state of Tachira (from subtropical forest to paramo)

BA: Barinas state (mostly): from east of Santo Domingo to Barinas

BC: Bolivar state: the Canaima (Angel Falls) area & "Las Nieves"

BE: Bolivar state: the area of the Escalera, the Tepuis, and the Gran Sabana

BI: Bolivar state: the area of the Imataca Forest Reserve & El Dorado

CA: Caracas

CC: Caribbean coast (from Chichiviriche east, including Morrocoy)

CR: Coastal Range (including Henri Pittier National Park & Colonia Tovar)

FS: Falcon state (west of Chichiviriche)

LL: Llanos (the Hato El Cedral, in the state of Apure)

MB: Maracaibo Basin (Zulia & Trujillo states)

(t): a globally threatened, or rare, species as designated by Birdlife International
     (t1): critical     (t2): endangered     (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

(Vi):    introduced species in Venezuela
(Ve):   Venezuelan endemic (Venezuela has 41.)
(Vqe): quasi (or near) endemic to Venezuela 
(Vr):    rare in Venezuela

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website  


REGARDING "PANTEPUI" SPECIALTY BIRDS (noted in this list with a "PS")

Southeast Venezuela is particularly known for its great variety of bird species. There's a road there that ascends to the plateau called the Gran Sabana.
An excellent birding road, it's called "La Escalera", which literally means "the staircase". Along that road is dense cloud forest that's home to most of the PANTEPUI SPECIALTY BIRDS, those that are typical of the foothill slopes of the "table mountains" known as "tepuis". 
38 species of birds are in that category of Pantepui endemics & specialties. And more study is almost certainly to reveal more. 
Pantepui endemics that are also endemic to Venezuela are also coded in the following list with a (Ve).
     


Links:

Information about Upcoming FONT Tours:
by months in:  2015   or:  by geographic locations worldwide

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America:

in Brazil, Ecuador, & Venezuela     in Argentina & Chile 

Birds of the Amazonian Basin  (including Brazil, Ecuador, & Venezuela)

Venezuela Mammals

South America Butterflies, A List in 5 Parts, with Some Photos  

Directory of Photos in this FONT Website

Bird-List:

1. Gray Tinamou  (t3)  ______
   Tinamus tao
   
   
2. Great Tinamou  (nt)  (*) ______ BE
   Tinamus m. major
   
   
3. White-throated Tinamou  (nt)  ______
   Tinamus guttatus
   
   
4. Highland Tinamou  ______
   Nothocercus bonapartei
   
   
5. Tawny-breasted Tinamou  ______
   Nothocercus julius
   
   
6. Cinereous Tinamou  ______
   Crypturellus cinereus
   
   
7. Little Tinamou  (*)  ______ CR
   Crypturellus soui andrei
   
   
8. Tepui Tinamou  (PS)  ______
   Crypturellus ptaritepui
   
   
9. Brown Tinamou  (*)  ______ AM
   Crypturellus obsoletus cerviniventris
   
   
10. Undulated Tinamou  (*)  ______ BC
    Crypturellus undulatus manapiare 
    
    
11. Variegated Tinamou  (*)  ______ BC
    Crypturellus v. variegatus
    
    
12. Red-legged Tinamou  ______
    Crypturellus erythropus
    
    
13. Gray-legged Tinamou  (nt)  ______
    Crypturellus duidae
    
    
14. Barred Tinamou  ______
    Crypturellus casiquiare
    
    
15. Rufous-vented Chachalaca  (*)  ______ AT CA CC FS LL
    Ortalis ruficauda  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
    Ortalis ruficauda ruficrissa 
    Ortalis r. ruficauda 
    
    
16. Little Chachalaca  (*)  ______ BC 
    Ortalis m. motmot 
    
    The Little Chachalaca has been considered part of the Variable Chachalaca, the smallest and darkest race. 
    
    
17. Band-tailed Guan  (*)  ______ CR
    Penelope a. argyrotis
    
    
18. Andean Guan  (*)  ______ AM
    Penelope m. montagnii
    
    
19. Marail Guan  ______
    Penelope marail
    
    
20. Spix's Guan  (*)  ______ BC
    Penelope jacquacu orienticola
    
    
21. Crested Guan  (ph)  ______
    Penelope purpurascens
    
    
22. Blue-throated Piping Guan  (t3)  (*)  ______  BC
    Pipile c. cumanensis
    
    Pipile cumanensis has also been called the Common Piping Guan.
    
    
23. Wattled Guan  (nt)  ______
    Aburria aburri
    
    
24. Nocturnal Curassow  ______
    Nothocrax urumutum 
    
    
25. Crestless Curassow  (nt)  ______
    Mitu tomentosa
    
    
26. Black Curassow  (t3)  (*)  ______ BC
    Crax alector  (monotypic)
    
    
27. Yellow-knobbed Curassow  (nt) (*)  ______ LL
    Crax daubentoni  (monotypic)
    
    
28. Northern Helmeted Curassow  (t3) ______
    Pauxi pauxi
    
    
29. Crested Bobwhite  (*)  ______ BC FS LL
    Colinus cristatus sonnini
    
    
30. Marbled Wood Quail  (nt)  ______
    Odontophorus gujanensis
    
    
31. Black-fronted Wood Quail  (t3) ______
    Odontophorus atrifrons 
    
    
32. Venezuelan Wood Quail  (nt) (Ve) (*)  ______ CR
    Odontophorus columbianus  (monotypic)
    
    
33. Horned Screamer  (*)  ______ LL
    Anhima cornuta  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
34. Northern Screamer  (nt)  (*)  ______ MB
    Chauna chavaria  (monotypic)
    
    
35. Fulvous Whistling Duck  (*)  ______ LL
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
36. White-faced Whistling Duck  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Dendrocygna viduata  (monotypic)
    
    
37. Black-bellied Whistling Duck  (*) (ph)  ______ FS LL
    Dendrocygna autumnalis discolor
    
    
38. Orinoco Goose (nt) (*)  ______ LL
    Neochen jubata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
39. Andean Teal  (*)  ______ AM  
    Anas andium 
    
    The Andean Teal was part of the more-southerly Speckled Teal, Anas flavirostris. The range of that species is now north to Peru.
    
    
40. American Wigeon  (ph)  ______
    Anas americana
    
    
41. White-cheeked Pintail  (*) (ph)  ______ CC
    Anas b. bahamensis
    
    
42. Blue-winged Teal  (*) (ph)  ______ CC FS LL
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
43. Northern Shoveler  (ph)  ______
    Anas clypeata
    
    
44. Brazilian Teal  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Amazonetta b. brasiliensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
45. Torrent Duck  (*) (ph) ______ BA
    Merganetta armata colombiana  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
46. Comb Duck  (nt) (*)  ______ LL
    Sarkidiornis melanotos  (the single member of its genus)
    
    The Comb Duck was conspecific with what is now the Knob-billed Duck of Africa & Asia. 
    
    
47. Muscovy Duck  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
48. Southern Pochard  ______
    Netta erythrophthalma
    
    
49. Lesser Scaup  (ph)   ______
    Aythya affinis
    
    
50. Masked Duck  (*)  ______ FS
    Nononyx (formerly Oxyura) dominica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
51. Least Grebe  (*) (ph)  ______ FS LL
    Tachybabtus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus
    
    
52. Pied-billed Grebe  (*) (ph)  ______ AM LL
    Podilymbus podiceps
    
    
53. American Flamingo  (*) (ph)  ______ CC
    Phoenicopterus ruber
    
    
54. Wood Stork  (*) (ph)  ______ CC FS LL
    Mycteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
55. Maguari Stork  (ph) ______ LL
    Euxenura maguari  (formerly Ciconia maguari)  (monotypic)
    
    
56. Jabiru  (*) (ph)  ______ BC LL
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
57. Buff-necked Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Theristicus c. caudatus
    
    
58. Sharp-tailed Ibis  (*)  ______ LL
    Cercibis oxycerca  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
59. Green Ibis  (*)  ______ LL MB
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)  
    
    
60. Bare-faced Ibis  (*)  ______ CC FS LL MB
    Phimosus infuscatus
    
    Another name for Phimosus infuscatus is the Whispering Ibis.
    
    
61. American White Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
62. Scarlet Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL MB
    Eudocimus ruber  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    Scarlet Ibises in flight
    (photo by Leroy Tabb)
    
    
63. Glossy Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Phegadis f. falcinellus
    
    
64. Roseate Spoonbill  (*) (ph)  ______ AM CC FS LL
    Ajaia (formerly Platalea) ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
65. Great Blue Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL
    Ardea herodias 
    
    
66. Cocoi Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ BI LL MB 
    Ardea cocoi  (monotypic) 
    
    The Cocoi Heron has also been called the White-necked Heron, but there is a species so-named in Australia.  
    
    
67. Great Egret  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BE BI CC FS LL MB
    Casmerodius (has been Ardea) alba egretta
    
    
68. Snowy Egret  (*) (ph)  ______ AM CC FS LL MB
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
69. Little Blue Heron  (*) (ph)   ______ CC LL MB
    Egretta caerulea  (monotypic)
    
    
70. Reddish Egret  (ph)  ______
    Egretta rufescens
    
    
71. Tricolored Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL MB  
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    Egretta tricolor was called the Louisiana Heron.
    
    
72. Striated Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ BI CC FS LL MB  
    Butorides striatus   
    
    
73. Green Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ MB  
    Butorides virescens
    
    The Green Heron, mostly of North America and Central America, was at one time conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron (the previous species). When so, it was called the Green-backed Heron.  
    
    
74. Western Cattle Egret  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BC CC FS LL MB
    Bubulcus ibis  
    
    The Western Cattle Egret is in parts of Europe and Africa, and now in much of the Americas. The Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus coromandus, is in eastern Asia. 
    
    
75. Agami Heron  (t3) (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    Another name for Agamia agami is Chestnut-bellied Heron.
    
    
76. Whistling Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Syrigma sibilatrix fostersmithi  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    Whistling Heron
    
    
77. Capped Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ LL MB
    Piherodius pileatus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
78. Black-crowned Night Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL MB
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
79. Yellow-crowned Night Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL
    Nyctanassa violacea cayennensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
80. Boat-billed Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Cochlearius c. cochlearius  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
81. Fasciated Tiger Heron  ______
    Tigrisoma fasciatum
    
    
82. Rufescent Tiger Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
83. Zigzag Heron  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Zebrilus undulatus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
84. Least Bittern  (ph)   _____
    Ixobrychus exilis
    
    
85. Stripe-backed Bittern  ______
    Ixobrychus involucris
    
    
86. Pinnated Bittern  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
    Botaurus p. pinnatus
    
    
87. Magnificent Frigatebird  (*) (ph)  ______ CC FS
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
88. Brown Pelican  (*) (ph)  ______ CC
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
    
    
89. Neotropic Cormorant  (*) (ph)  ______ BI CC FS LL MB
    Phalacocorax brasilianus  (formerly P. olivaceous) 
    
    Another name for Phalacocorax brasilianus has been the Olivaceous Cormorant.
    
    
90. Anhinga  (*) (ph)  ______ BI FS LL MB
    Anhinga a. anhinga
    
    
91. Andean Condor (nt) (ph)  ______  (re-introduced in Venezuela)
    Vultur gryphus
    
    
92. King Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______ BC LL
    Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
93. Black Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______ all regions
    Coragyps atratus brasiliensis  (but said by some to be monotypic) (the single member of its genus) 
    
    
94. Turkey Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______ all regions
    Cathartes aura ruficollis
    
    
95. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______ BC LL MB
    Cathartes b. burrovianus  (said by some to be monotypic)
    
    
96. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture  (*)  ______ BI
    Cathartes melambrotus  (monotypic)
    
    
97. Black Caracara  ______
    Daptrius ater
    
    
98. Red-throated Caracara  (*)  ______ BI
    Ibycter americanus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
99. Yellow-headed Caracara  (*) (ph)  ______ BA BE BC BI CC CR FS LL MB
    Milvago chimachima cordatus
    
    
100. Northern Crested Caracara  (*) (ph)  ______ BC BE BI FS LL MB  
     Caracara c. cheriway 
     
     The Northern Crested Caracara was conspecific with what is now the Southern Caracara, Caracara plancus, of South America generally south of the Amazon. 
     
     
101. Laughing Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______  AM FS LL
     Herpetotheres c. cachinnans  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
102. Collared Forest Falcon  (*)  ______
     Micrastur s. semitorquatus
     
     
103. Barred Forest Falcon  ______
     Micrastur ruficollis  
     
     
104. Lined Forest Falcon  (*)  ______ BC
     Micrastur gilvicollis  (monotypic)
     
     
105. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon  ______
     Micrastur mirandollei 
     
     
106. Peregrine Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ FS
     Falco peregrinus anatum
     
     
107. Bat Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ CR MB
     Falco r. rufigularis
     
     
108. Aplomado Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ BC BI LL MB
     Falco f. femoralis
     
     
109. Merlin  (*) (ph)  ______ AM FS
     Falco c. columbarius
     
     
110. American Kestrel  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BA BC BI FS LL MB
     Falco sparverius isabellinus 
     
     
111. Osprey  (*) (ph)  ______ FS LL MB
     Pandion haliaetus  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
112. White-tailed Kite  (*) (ph)  ______ AT LL
     Elanus l. leucurus
     
     
113. Pearl Kite  (*)  ______
     Gampsonyx swainsonii
     
     
114. Swallow-tailed Kite  (*) (ph)  ______ BC BE MB
     Elanoides forficatus yetapa  (the single member of is genus)
     
     
115. Hook-billed Kite  ______
     Chondrohierax uncinatus
     
     
116. Gray-headed Kite  (*)  ______ BA
     Leptodon c. cayanensis  (the single member of its genus)
       
     
117. Double-toothed Kite  (*)  ______ BA BE
     Harpagus b. bidentatus
     
     
118. Plumbeous Kite  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
119. Snail Kite  (*) (ph)   ______ LL MB
     Rostrhamus s. sociabilis  (now the single member of its genus)
     
     
120. Slender-billed Kite  (*)  ______
     Helicolestes (formerly Rostrhamus) hamatus 
     
     
121. Long-winged Harrier  (ph)   ______
     Circus buffoni
     
     
122. Plain-breasted Hawk  (*)  ______ BA  
     Accipiter (striatus) ventralis
     
     The Plain-breasted Hawk has been considered a subspecies of the more-northerly Sharp-shinned Hawk.
     
     
123. Semi-collared Hawk  (nt) (*)  ______ AM AT  (a rare, and not well known species)
     Accipiter collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
124. Tiny Hawk  ______
     Accipiter superciliosus
     
     
125. Bicolored Hawk  ______
     Accipiter bicolor
     
     
126. Gray-bellied Hawk  ______
     Accipiter poliogaster
     
     
127. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle  (*) (ph) ______ AM 
     Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
128. White-tailed Hawk  (*)  ______ FS LL
     Buteo albicaudatus colonus
     
     
129. Zone-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ LL MB
     Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
     
     
130. Roadside Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  AM AT BE FS LL MB
     Buteo magnirostris  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     Buteo m. magnirostris
     Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix  
     
     
131. Gray-lined Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BE FS LL  
     Buteo (has also been said to be Asturina) n. nitidus    
     
     The Gray-lined Hawk is now considered distinct from the Gray Hawk, Buteo plagiatus, of mostly northern Middle America, Mexico, and into the southern US.   
     
     
132. White-rumped Hawk  ______
     Buteo leucorrhous
     
     
133. Broad-winged Hawk  ______
     Buteo platypterus  
     
     
134. White-throated Hawk  (*)  ______ AT  
     Buteo albigula
     
     The White-throated Hawk is a rare hawk in the Venezuelan high mountains. It was at one time a subspecies of the Short-tailed Hawk. 
     
     
135. Short-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ CR FS
     Buteo b. brachyurus
     
     
136. Red-tailed Hawk  (Vr)  ______
     Buteo jamaicensis
     
     A Red-tailed Hawk in Merida in February 1992 was said to be the first record for both Venezuela and South America. 
     
     
137. Bay-winged Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ BC FS LL
     Parabuteo u. unicinctus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     In North America, Parabuteo unicinctus is called the Harris' Hawk.
     
     
138. Crane Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
     Geranospiza c. caerulescens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
139. Slate-colored Hawk  ______
     Leucopternis schistacea 
     
     
140. White Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ CR
     Leucopternis a. albicollis
     
     
     
     White Hawk
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
141. Black-faced Hawk  ______
     Leucopternis melanops
     
     
142. Black-collared Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ FS LL MB
     Busarellus n. nigricollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
143. Savanna Hawk  (*) (ph)   ______ BI BC FS LL MB
     Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
144. Common Black Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ BI CC MB
     Buteogallus a. anthracinus
     
     
145. Great Black Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ BC LL
     Buteogallus u. urubitinga
     
     
146. Rufous Crab Hawk  ______  (in eastern Venezuela, near the seacoast) 
     Buteogallus aequinoctialis
     
     
147. Montane Solitary Eagle  (nt)  ______
     Harpyhaliaetus solitarius
     
     
148. Crested Eagle  (nt)  ______
     Morphnus guianensis
     
     
149. Harpy Eagle  (nt) (ph)   ______
     Harpia harpyja
     
     
     
     An immature Harpy Eagle
     
     
150. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle  ______
     Spizastur melanoleucus
     
     
151. Black Hawk-Eagle  (*)  ______ AT BA LL
     Spizaetus tyrannus serus
     
     
152. Ornate Hawk-Eagle  (nt) (ph)   ______
     Spizaetus ornatus
     
     
153. Black-and-chestnut Eagle  ______
     Oroaetus isidori 
     
     
154. Gray-breasted Crake  ______
     Laterallus exilis
     
     
155. Rufous-sided Crake  ______
     Laterallus melanophaius
     
     
156. Rusty-flanked Crake  (t2)  ______
     Laterallus levraudi
     
     
157. Russet-crowned Crake  ______
     Laterallus viridis
     
     
158. Uniform Crake  ______
     Amaurolimnas concolor
     
     
159. Sora  ______
     Porzana carolina
     
     
160. Ash-throated Crake  ______
     Porzana albicollis 
     
     
161. Gray-necked Wood Rail  (*) (ph)  ______ BA FS LL
     Aramides c. cajanea
     
     
162. Yellow-breasted Crake  (*)  ______ LL
     Porzana f. flaviventer
     
     
163. Paint-billed Crake  ______
     Neocrex erythrops
     
     
164. Speckled Crake  ______
     Coturnicops notatus
     
     
165. Ocellated Crake  ______
     Micropygia schomburgkii
     
     
166. Mangrove Rail  (ph)  ______
     Rallus longirostris
     
     Until 2014, the Mangrove Rail was part of the now more-northerly Clapper Rail, now Rallus crepitans.  
     
     
167. Plain-flanked Rail  (t2) (Ve)  ______  
     Rallus wetmorei
     
     
168. Blackish Rail  ______
     Pardirallus nigricans
     
     
169. Spotted Rail  ______
     Pardirallus maculatus
     
     
170. Rufous-necked Wood Rail  ______
     Aramides axillaris
     
     
171. Common Gallinule  (*) (ph)  ______ BI FS LL
     Gallinula chloropus galeata
     
     
172. Purple Gallinule  (*) (ph)  ______ BI LL MB
     Porphyrula martinicus  (monotypic)
     
     
173. Azure Gallinule  (*)  ______ LL
     Porphyrula flavirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
174. Caribbean Coot  (nt)  ______
     Fulica caribaea
     
     
175. Sungrebe  (*) (ph)  ______ LL  
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic)
     
     Another name for the Sungrebe could be the "American Finfoot".
     
     
     
     A Sungrebe photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
176. Sunbittern  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Eurypyga h. helias  (the single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
     
     A Sunbittern photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
177. Gray-winged Trumpeter  ______
     Psophia crepitans 
     
     
178. Limpkin  (*) (ph)   ______ LL MB
     Aramus guarauna  (the single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
179. Double-striped Thick-knee  (*) (ph)   ______ FS LL
     Burhinus bistriatus vocifer
     
     
     
     A Double-striped Thick-knee photographed during a FONT tour 
     
     
180. American Oystercatcher  (ph)   ______
     Haematopus palliatus 
     
     
181. Black-necked Stilt  (*) (ph)   ______ CC FS LL 
     Himantopus (h.) mexicanus 
     
     The Black-necked Stilt has been said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World, Himantopus himantopus.
     
     
182. Southern Lapwing  (*) (ph)   ______ BC BI CC FS LL MB
     Vanellus chilensis cayennensis  
     
     
183. Pied Plover  (*)  ______ LL
     Hoploxypterus cayanus  (monotypic)
     
     
184. Gray Plover  (ph)   ______  
     Pluvialis squatarola
     
     Another common name (in the Old World) for Pluvialis squatarola is the Grey Plover.
     
     
185. American Golden Plover  (ph)   ______
     Pluvialis dominica
     
     
186. Semipalmated Plover  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
187. Wilson's Plover  (ph)   ______
     Charadrius wilsonia
     
     
188. Collared Plover  (*)  ______ FS LL
     Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
189. Killdeer  (ph)  ______
     Charadrius vociferus
     
     
190. Wattled Jacana  (*) (ph)   ______ BI CC FS LL MB
     Jacana jacana  (3 subspecies in Venezuela) 
     Jacana jacana melanopygia  (subspecies in western Venezuela)
     Jacana jacana intermedia  (subspecies in northern & central Venezuela)
     Jacana j. jacana  (subspecies in southern Venezuela)
     
     
191. Greater Yellowlegs  (*)  ______ CC FS LL
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
192. Lesser Yellowlegs  (*) (ph)   ______ CC FS LL
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
193. Solitary Sandpiper  (*) (ph)   ______ FS LL
     Tringa s. solitaria
     
     
194. Spotted Sandpiper  (*) (ph)   ______ AT CC FS LL MB
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
195. Willet  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Tringa (was Catoptrophorus)  semipalmatus inornatus
     
     
196. Ruddy Turnstone  (*) (ph)   ______
     Arenaria interpres
     
     
197. Red Knot  (ph)   ______
     Calidris canutus
     
     
198. Pectoral Sandpiper  (*) (ph)   ______ CC LL
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
199. Least Sandpiper  (*) (ph)   ______ CC FS LL
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
200. Semipalmated Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
201. Western Sandpiper  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
202. White-rumped Sandpiper  (ph)   ______
     Calidris fuscicollis
     
     
203. Sanderling  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
204. Stilt Sandpiper  (*) (ph)  ______ FS
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus  (monotypic)
     
     
205. Upland Sandpiper  ______
     Bartramia longicauda
     
     
206. "American" Whimbrel  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Numenius phaepus hudsonicus
     
     
207. Hudsonian Godwit  (ph)  ______
     Limosa haemastica
     
     
208. Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nt) (ph)   ______
     Tryngites subruficollis
     
     
209. Short-billed Dowitcher  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Limnodromus g. griseus
     
     
210. Wilson's Snipe  (ph)   ______  
     Gallinago delicata
     
     The Wilson's Snipe of North America was conspecific with the Common Snipe, Galliango gallinago, of Eurasia. 
     
     
211. South American Snipe  (*) (ph)  ______ LL  
     Gallinago paraguaiae 
     
     The South American Snipe has been considered conspecific with what is now the Wilson's Snipe (above), which as noted above was conspecific with the Common Snipe.   
     
     
212. Noble Snipe  ______
     Gallinago nobilis
     
     
213. Andean Snipe  (*)  ______ AT
     Gallinago jamesoni
     
     
214. Giant Snipe  ______
     Gallinago undulata 
     
     
215. Laughing Gull  (*) (ph)   ______ MB
     Larus atricilla
     
     
216. Large-billed Tern  (*) (ph)   ______ LL MB
     Phaetusa s. simplex  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
217. Gull-billed Tern  (*) (ph)  ______ CC LL
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica aranea
     
     
218. Common Tern  ______
     Sterna hirundo
     
     
219. Roseate Tern  (*) (ph)   ______ CC
     Sterna d. dougallii
     
     
220. Least Tern  ______
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) antillarum
     
     
221. Yellow-billed Tern  (*) ______ LL  (an alternate name has been Amazon Tern)
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) superciliaris  (monotypic)
     
     
222. Caspian Tern  (ph)   ______
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia 
     
     
223. Royal Tern  (*) (ph)   ______ MB
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
224. Sandwich Tern  (ph)   ______
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis
     
     
225. Cayenne Tern  ______
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) eurygnatha
     
     
226. Bridled Tern  (ph)  ______
     Onychopion (formerly Sterna) anaethetus
     
     
227. Sooty Tern  (ph)    ______
     Onychopion (formerly Sterna) fuscata
     
     
228. Brown Noddy  ______
     Anous stolidus
     
     
229. Black Noddy  ______
     Anous minutus
     
     
230. Black Tern  (ph)   ______
     Chlidonias niger 
     
     
231. Black Skimmer  (*) (ph)   ______ CC LL
     Rynchops n. nigra
     
     
232. Band-tailed Pigeon  (*) (ph)   ______ AT BA CR
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata albilinea
     
     
233. Scaled Pigeon  ______
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa
     
     
234. Scaly-naped Pigeon  (ph)  ______  (in Venezuela, only on offshore islands, and not commonly)
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) squamosa
     
     
235. Bare-eyed Pigeon  (*)  ______ CC FS
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) corensis  (monotypic)
     
     
236. Pale-vented Pigeon  (*)  ______ AM AT BA BC LL MB
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis
     
     
237. Ruddy Pigeon  (nt) (*)  ______ BI CR
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) subvinacea purpureotincta
     
     
238. Plumbeous Pigeon  (*)  ______ BA,CR
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) plumbea delicata
     
     
239. Feral Pigeon (i) (*)  ______ throughout
     Columba livia
     
     
240. Eared Dove  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT BA BI CC FS LL MB
     Zenaida auriculata stenura
     
     
241. Common Ground Dove  (*) (ph)   ______ BA BC CC CR FS LL
     Columbina passerina albivitta
     
     
242. Plain-breasted Ground Dove  (*)  ______ LL
     Columbina m. minuta
     
     
243. Ruddy Ground Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  AM BC CC FS LL MB
     Columbina talpacoti rufipennis
     
     
244. Scaled Dove  (*)  ______ BC FS LL MB
     Columbina (or by some said to be Scardafella) squammata
     
     
245. Blue Ground Dove  (*)  ______ CR
     Claravis preiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
246. Maroon-chested Ground Dove  ______
     Claravis mondetoura
     
     
247. White-tipped Dove  (*)  ______ BC CC CR FS LL  (was called White-fronted Dove)
     Leptotila v. verreauxi
     
     
248. Gray-fronted Dove  (*)  ______ BE MB
     Leptotila rufaxilla dubusi 
     
     
249. Ruddy Quail-Dove  (*)  ______ AM BC BE CR
     Geotrygon m. montana
     
     
250. Lined Quail-Dove  (*)  ______ CR
     Geotrygon l. linearis
     
     
251. Violaceous Quail-Dove   ______
     Geotrygon violacea  
     
     
252. Blue-and-Yellow Macaw  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
     Ara ararauna  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Blue-and-yellow Macaw
     
     
253. Military Macaw  (t3) (*) ______
     Ara militaris
     
     
254. Scarlet Macaw  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Ara m. macao
     
     
255. Red-and-green Macaw  (*) (ph)   ______ BC BI FS
     Ara chloroptera  (monotypic)
     
     Another name for Ara chloroptera is the Green-winged Macaw.
     
     
256. Chestnut-fronted Macaw  (*)  ______ LL MB
     Ara s. severus
     
     
257. Red-bellied Macaw  ______
     Orthopsittaca manilata
     
     
258. Red-shouldered Macaw  ______
     Diopsittaca nobilis
     
     
259. Blue-crowned Parakeet  (*)  ______
     Thectocercus (formerly Aratinga) acuticaudata
     
     
260. Scarlet-fronted Parakeet  (*)  ______ CR
     Psittacara (formerly Aratinga) wagleri transilis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
261. White-eyed Parakeet  (*) (ph)  ______ BC
     Psittacara (formerly Aratinga) l. leucophthalmus
     
     
262. Brown-throated Parakeet  (*)  ______ AT BC BI CC FS LL MB
     Eupsittula (formerly Aratinga) pertinax venezuelae  (1 of 5 subspecies in Venezuela, 2 on offshore islands: Tortuga & Margarita)
     
     
263. Blood-eared Parakeet  (Ve) (*)  ______ CR  
     Pyrrhura h. hoematotis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     Pyrrhura hoematotis has also been called the Red-eared Parakeet.
     
     
264. Fiery-shouldered Parakeet  (PS)   ______
     Pyrrhura egregia
     
     
265. Maroon-tailed Parakeet  ______
     Pyrrhura melanura
     
     
266. Rose-crowned Parakeet  (Ve)  ______  (was called Rose-headed Parakeet)
     Pyrrhura rhodocephala
     
     
267. Painted Parakeet  (*)  ______ BI    
     Pyrrhura p. picta  
     
     The Painted Parakeet, Pyrrhura picta, is closely related to, and has been conspecific with the Perija Parakeet, Pyrrhura caeruleiceps, of mostly Colombia, and the Venezuelan, or Maroon-faced Parakeet, Pyrrhura emma, endemic to Venezuela.  
     Most recently, P. caeruleiceps and P. emma have been treated as subspecies of P. picta 
     
     In Venezuela, Pyrrhura p. picta is in the southeastern part of the country. 
     
     
268. Perija (or Todd's) Parakeet  ______  
     Pyrrhura (picta) caeruleiceps
     
     The Perija Parakeet has been part of the Painted Parakeet, and now it is again treated as subspecies of it.
     
     In Venezuela, Pyrrhura p. caeruleiceps is in the Perija Mountains near Colombia. 
     
     
269. Venezuelan (or Maroon-faced) Parakeet  (Ve)  ______  (was part of Painted Parakeet)
     Pyrrhura (picta) emma
     
     In Venezuela, Pyrrhura p. emma is in the Western Coastal Range.
     
     
270. Barred Parakeet  ______
     Bolborhynchus lineola
     
     
271. Green-rumped Parrotlet  (*)  ______ AT BA BC BI CC FS LL MB
     Forpus passerinus viridissimus
     
     
272. Spectacled Parrotlet  ______
     Forpus conspicillatus
     
     
273. Dusky-billed Parrotlet  ______
     Forpus sclateri
     
     
274. Orange-chinned Parakeet  (*)  ______ AM
     Brotogeris jugularis exsul
     
     
275. Cobalt-winged Parakeet  ______
     Brotogeris cyanoptera
     
     
276. Golden-winged Parakeet  ______
     Brotogeris chrysopterus
     
     
277. Tepui Parrotlet  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Nannopsittaca panychlora   
     
     The only other species in this genus was described only as recently as 1991, the Amazonian Parrotlet of Peru & Bolivia.
     
     
278. Lilac-tailed Parrotlet  ______
     Touit batavica
     
     
279. Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet  (t3)  ______
     Touit huetii
     
     
280. Blue-fronted Parrotlet  ______
     Touit dilectissima
     
     
281. Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet  ______
     Touit purpurata
     
     
282. Black-headed Parrot  (*)  ______ BC
     Pionites m. melanocephala
     
     
283. Saffron-headed Parrot  (t3) ______
     Pionopsitta pyrilia
     
     
284. Caica Parrot  (nt) (PS)  ______
     Pionopsitta caica
     
     
285. Orange-cheeked Parrot  (nt)  ______
     Pionopsitta barrabandi
     
     
286. Rusty-faced Parrot  (t2)  ______
     Hapalopsittaca amazonina
     
     
287. Blue-headed Parrot ______ BC BE FS
     Pionus m. menstruus
     
     
288. Red-billed Parrot  (*)  ______ CR
     Pionus s. sordidus  (1 of 3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
289. White-capped Parrot  (*)  ______ AT 
     Pionus seniloides  
     
     By some the White-capped Parrot has been merged with the Speckle-faced Parrot, Pionus tumultuosus, of Peru and Bolivia.
     
     
290. Bronze-winged Parrot  ______
     Pionus chalcopterus
     
     
291. Dusky Parrot  (PS)  ______
     Pionus fuscus
     
     
292. Red-lored Amazon  ______
     Amazona autumnalis
     
     
293. Blue-cheeked Amazon  (nt)  ______
     Amazona dufresniana
     
     
294. Festive Amazon  (t3) (*)  ______ LL
     Amazona festiva bodini
     
     
295. Yellow-shouldered Amazon  (t3) (*)  ______ FS
     Amazona b. barbadensis  (monotypic)
     
     
296. Yellow-crowned Amazon  (*)  ______ BI BC CC FS LL MB
     Amazona o. ochrocephala
     
     
297. Orange-winged Amazon  (*)  ______ AM BA BE BI LL MB
     Amazona a. amazonica
     
     
298. Scaly-naped Amazon  ______
     Amazona mercenaria
     
     
299. Mealy Amazon  (*)  ______ BC BI
     Amazona f. farinosa
     
     
300. Red-fan (or Hawk-headed) Parrot  (*) (ph)  ______ BE
     Deroptyus accipitrinus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     
     Red-fan Parrot
     
     
301. Greater Ani  (*)  ______ LL MB
     Crotophaga major  (monotypic)
     
     
302. Smooth-billed Ani  (*) (ph)   ______ AM BA BC BE CC FS LL MB
     Crotophaga ani  (monotypic)
     
     
303. Groove-billed Ani  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT BA LL
     Crotophaga sulcirostris  (now monotypic)
     
     
304. Dwarf Cuckoo  (*) ______ LL MB
     Coccycua pumilus  (monotypic)
     
     
305. Dark-billed Cuckoo  (*)  ______ LL
     Coccyzus melacoryphus  (monotypic)
     
     
306. Black-billed Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus erythropthalmus
     
     
307. Yellow-billed Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus americanus
     
     
308. Pearly-breasted Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus euleri
     
     
309. Mangrove Cuckoo  (ph)   ______
     Coccyzus minor
     
     
310. Gray-capped Cuckoo  ______
     Coccyzus lansbergi 
     
     
311. Squirrel Cuckoo  (*) (ph)   ______ AT BE BI FS MB
     Piaya cayana mehleri
     
     
312. Black-bellied Cuckoo  ______
     Piaya melanogaster
     
     
313. Little Cuckoo  (*)  ______ BI FS
     Coccycua m. minuta
     
     
314. Striped Cuckoo  (*)  ______ AM BA BI CR LL
     Tapera n. naevia  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
315. Pheasant Cuckoo  ______
     Dromococcyx phasianellus
     
     
316. Rufous-winged Ground Cuckoo  (PS)  ______
     Neomorphus rufipennis 
     
     
317. Hoatzin  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Opisthocomus hoazin  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     
     A Hoatzin photographed during a FONT tour in Venezuela
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
318. American Barn Owl  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Tyto alba hellmayri
     
     
319. Foothill Screech Owl  ______   (PS)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) roraimae
     
     Magascops roraimae has been called the Foothill Screech Owl. It was previously part of the Vermiculated Screech Owl, and of the Variable Screech Owl that taxonomically no longer exists.  
     
     
320. Tropical Screech Owl  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BC
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba crucigerus
     
     
     
     Tropical Screech Owl
     
      
321. Rufescent Screech Owl  ______
     Megascops (formerly Otus) ingens
     
     
322. Tawny-bellied Screech Owl  ______
     Megascops (formerly Otus) watsonii
     
     
323. White-throated Screech Owl  (*)  ______ AM
     Megascops (formerly Otus) albogularis  (2 subspecies in west VE: M. a. obscurus, more northerly, & M. a. meridensis
     
     
324. Great Horned Owl  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Bubo virginianus nacurutu
     
     
325. Crested Owl  ______
     Lophostrix cristata
     
     
326. Spectacled Owl  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Pulsitrix p. perspicillata
     
     
327. Black-and-white Owl  ______
     Strix nigrolineata
     
     
328. Black-banded Owl  ______
     Strix huhula
     
     
329. Mottled Owl  ______
     Strix virgata
     
     
330. Rufous-banded Owl  ______
     Strix albitarsis
     
     
331. Andean Pygmy Owl  (*)  ______ AM
     Glaucidium jardinii  (now monotypic)
     
     
332. Ferruginous Pygmy Owl  (*) (ph)  ______ BA LL
     Glaucidium brasilianum phalaenoides
     
     
333. Amazonian Pygmy Owl  ______  (in Venezuela, was thought to be part of the Least Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium minutissimum, now in Brazil)  
     Glaucidium hardyi 
     
     
334. Burrowing Owl  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Athene cunicuaria apurensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
335. Striped Owl  (ph)   ______
     Asio clamator
     
     
336. Stygian Owl  ______
     Asio stygius
     
     
337. Short-eared Owl  (*) (ph)   ______ LL
     Asio flammeus pallidicaudus
     
     
338. Buff-fronted Owl  ______
     Aegolius harrisii
     
     
339. Oilbird  (ph)  ______
     Steatornis caripensis
     
     
     
     Oilbird
     (photo by Leroy Tabb)
     
     
340. Great Potoo  (*)  ______ LL
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
341. Long-tailed Potoo  (ph)  ______
     Nyctibius aethereus
     
     
342. Common (or Gray) Potoo  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
     Nyctibius g. griseus
     
     
     
     A Common Potoo roosting by day
     (photo by Armas Hill)
     
     
343. Short-tailed (or Semicollared) Nighthawk  (*)  ______ BI CR
     Lurocalis s. semitorquatus
     
     
344. Rufous-bellied Nighthawk  ______
     Lurocalis rufiventris
     
     
345. Least Nighthawk  ______
     Chordeiles pusillus
     
     
346. Lesser Nighthawk  (*)  ______ BC LL
     Chordeiles a. acutipennis
     
     
347. Common Nighthawk  ______
     Chordeiles minor
     
     
348. Sand-colored Nighthawk  ______
     Chodeiles rupestris
     
     
349. Band-tailed Nighthawk  (*)  ______ LL
     Nyctiprogne leucopyga pallida
     
     
350. Nacunda Nighthawk  (*)  ______ CC LL
     Chodeiles (formerly Podager) nacunda minor  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
351. Pauraque  (*) (ph)   ______ FS LL
     Nyctidromus albicollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
352. Rufous Nightjar  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) rufus minimus
     
     
     
     A Rufous Nightjar during a FONT tour, roosting on the ground by day
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
353. Blackish Nightjar  (*)  ______ BC
     Nyctipolus (formerly Caprimulgus) nigrescens
     
     
354. Band-winged Nightjar  (*)  ______ AM
     Systellura (formerly Caprimulgus) longirostris ruficervix
     
     
355. Little Nightjar   (*) (ph)  ______  LL
     Setopagis (formerly Capirmulgus) parvulus heterurus
     
     
356. Roraiman Nightjar  (PS)   ______
     Setopagis (formerly Caprimulgus) whitelyi
     
     
357. White-tailed Nightjar  (*)  ______ BC LL
     Hydropsalis (formerly Caprimulgus) c. cayennensis
     
     
358. Spot-tailed Nightjar  (*)  ______ LL
     Hydropsalis (formerly Caprimulgus) maculicaudus  (monotypic)
     
     
359. Ladder-tailed Nightjar  ______
     Hydropsalis climacocerca
     
     
360. Lyre-tailed Nightjar  (*)  ______ AM
     Uropsalis l. lyra
     
     
361. White-collared Swift  (*)  ______ AT BA BC CR MB
     Streptoprocne zonaris albicincta
     
     
362. Chestnut-collared Swift  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Streptoprocne (has been Cypseloides) r. rutilus
     
     
363. Tepui Swift  (PS) (*)  ______ BC BE
     Streptoprocne (has been Cypseloides) phelpsi  (monotypic)
     
     
364. White-chinned Swift  ______
     Cypseloides cryptus
     
     
365. Spot-fronted Swift  ______
     Cypseloides cherriei
     
     
366. Chapman's Swift  ______
     Chaetura chapmani
     
     
367. Vaux's Swift  (*) ______ AM BA CR
     Chaetura vauxi andrei  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
368. Gray-rumped Swift  (*)  ______ BC CR
     Chaetura cinereiventris lawrencei
     
     
369. Band-rumped Swift  (*) ______ BE
     Chaetura spinicaudus latirostris
     
     
370. Short-tailed Swift  (*)  ______ BC BE CR FS MB
     Chaetura b. brachyura
     
     
371. White-tipped Swift  (*)  ______ CR
     Aeronautes m. montivagus
     
     
372. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift  (*)  ______ BA CR
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
373. Pygmy Palm Swift  ______
     Tachornis furcata
     
     
374. Neotropical (or Fork-tailed) Palm Swift  (*)  ______ BA BC BI CC MB
     Tachornis s. squamata
     
     
375. Rufous-breasted Hermit  (*)  ______ BA BE
     Glaucis h. hirsuta
     
     
376. Band-tailed Barbthroat  (ph)  ______
     Threnetes ruckeri
     
     
377. Pale-tailed Barbthroat  ______
     Threnetes niger
     
     
378. Pale-bellied Hermit  (*)  ______ LL
     Phaethornis a. anthophilus
     
     
379. Green Hermit  (*) (ph)  ______ AT
     Phaethornis g. guy
     
     
380. White-bearded Hermit  (*)  ______ MB
     Phaethornis hispidus
     
     
381. Western Long-tailed Hermit  ______
     Phaethornis longirostris
     
     
382. Eastern Long-tailed Hermit  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Phaethornis s. superciliosus
     
     
383. Great-billed Hermit  ______
     Phaethornis malaris
     
     
384. Straight-billed Hermit  (*)  ______ BE
     Phaethornis bourcieri whitelyi
     
     
385. Sooty-capped Hermit  (*)  ______ BA BC CR
     Phaethornis a. augusti
     
     
386. Rupurumi Hermit  ______  (was part of the Dusky-throated Hermit, a species now in southeast Brazil)
     Phaethornis rupurumii
     
     Another name for Phaethornis rupurumii is the Streak-throated Hermit. 
     
     
387. Reddish Hermit  (*)  ______ BE
     Phaethornis ruber episcopus
     
     
388. Gray-chinned Hermit  (*)  ______ BC
     Phaethornis g. griseogularis
     
     
389. Little Hermit  ______
     Phaethornis longuemareus
     
     
390. Stripe-throated Hermit  (ph)   ______
     Phaethornis striigularis
     
     The Stripe-throated Hermit was part of the Little Hermit.  
     
     
391. Green-fronted Lancebill  ______
     Doryfera ludovicae
     
     
392. Blue-fronted Lancebill  ______
     Doryfera johannae
     
     
393. Gray-breasted Sabrewing  ______
     Campylopterus largipennis
     
     
394. Rufous-breasted Sabrewing  (PS)  ______
     Campylopterus hyperythrus
     
     
395. Buff-breasted Sabrewing  ______
     Campylopterus duidae
     
     
396. White-tailed Sabrewing  (nt) ______  (occurs only in northern Venezuela and on the nearby island of Tobago)
     Campylopterus ensipennis  
     
     
397. Lazuline Sabrewing  (*)  ______ AM CR
     Campylopterus falcatus  (monotypic)
     
     
398. White-necked Jacobin  (*) (ph)   ______ AT BI LL
     Florisuga m. mellivora  (the other subspecies restricted to Tobago Is.)
     
     
     
     White-necked Jacobin
     
     
399. Brown Violetear  (*)  ______ CR
     Colibri delphinae  (now monotypic)
     
     
400. Green Violetear  (*) (ph)   ______ AM BA  
     Colibri thalassinus cyanotus
     
     
401. Sparkling Violetear  (*) (ph)   ______ AM BA CR
     Colibri c. coruscans
     
     
402. Green-throated Mango  ______
     Anthracothorax viridigula
     
     
403. Green-breasted Mango  (ph)   ______
     Anthracothorax prevostii
     
     
404. Black-throated Mango  (*) (ph)   ______ AT BA BC BE CA LL MB
     Anthracothorax nigricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
405. Fiery-tailed Awlbill  ______
     Avocettula (or Anthracothorax) recurvirostris
     
     
406. Ruby Topaz Hummingbird  (*)  ______ CR LL 
     Chrysolampis mosquitus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
407. Crimson Topaz  (ph)  ______
     Topaza pella
     
     
     
     Crimson Topaz
     
     
408. Fiery Topaz  ______
     Topaza pyra 
     
     
409. Violet-headed Hummingbird  (*)  ______ AM
     Klais g. guimeti
     
     
410. Tufted Coquette  ______
     Lophornis ornatus
     
     
411. Spangled Coquette  ______
     Lophornis stictolophus
     
     
412. Festive Coquette  ______
     Lophornis chalybeus
     
     
413. Peacock Coquette  (PS)   ______
     Lophornis pavoninus
     
     
414. Black-bellied Thorntail  ______
     Popelairia langdorffi
     
     
415. Racket-tailed Coquette  ______
     Discosura longicauda
     
     
416. Blue-chinned Sapphire  (*)  ______ CR
     Chlorostilbon n. notatus  (has also been said to be in the monotypic genus, Chlorestes) 
     
     
417. Blue-tailed Emerald  (*)  ______ BC BI CA CC FS LL
     Chlorostilbon mellisugus caribaeus  (1 of 4 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
418. Red-billed Emerald  ______
     Chlorostilbon gibsoni
     
     
419. Narrow-tailed Emerald  (*)  ______ AM  
     Chlorostilbon s. stenurus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela) 
     
     The Narrow-billed Emerald is probably a subspecies of the Green-tailed Emerald. In an area of overlap where both occur, the Narrow-tailed Emerald and the Green-tailed Emerald are virtually indistinguishable. The Narrow-billed Emerald is generally at higher elevations and is more-southerly.
     
     
420. Green-tailed Emerald  (Ve) (*)  ______ AT
     Chlorostilbon alice  (monotypic)
     
     
421. Short-tailed Emerald  (*)  ______ AT
     Chlorostilbon p. poortmani
     
     
422. Violet-crowned Woodnymph  (*)  ______ AT LL  (also called Purple-crowned Woodnymph) 
     Thalurania colombica rostrifera
     
     
423. Common (or Fork-tailed) Woodnymph  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Thalurania f. furcata  (1 of 5 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
424. Shining-green Hummingbird  ______
     Lepidopyga goudoti
     
     
425. Rufous-throated Sapphire  ______
     Hylocharis sapphirina 
     
     
426. White-chinned Sapphire  (*)  ______ BA
     Hylocharis cyanus viridiventris
     
     
427. Golden-tailed Sapphire  ______
     Chrysuronia oenone
     
     
428. White-tailed Goldenthroat  (*)  ______ LL
     Polytmus g. guainumbi
     
     
429. Tepui Goldenthroat  (Ve) (PS)  ______
     Polytmus milleri
     
     
430. Green-tailed Goldenthroat  ______
     Polytmus theresiae  
     
     
431. Buffy Hummingbird  (*)  ______ FS
     Leucippus f. fallax  (but said by some to be monotypic)
     
     
432. White-chested Emerald  (*)  ______ BC
     Amazilia b. brevirostris
     
     
433. Plain-bellied Emerald  ______
     Amazilia leucogaster
     
     
434. Versicolored Emerald  (*)  ______ LL
     Amazilia versicolor hollandi
     
     
435. Glittering-throated Emerald  (*)  ______ LL
     Amazilia fimbriata elegantissima  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
436. Sapphire-spangled Emerald  ______
     Amazilia lactea
     
     
437. Copper-rumped Hummingbird ______ CA CR
     Amazilia tobaci caudata  (1 of 5 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
     
     Copper-rumped Hummingbird
     (photo by Leroy Tabb)
     
     
438. Steely-vented Hummingbird  (*)  ______ BA
     Amazilia saucerrottei braccata
     
     
439. Green-bellied Hummingbird  ______
     Amazilia viridigaster
     
     
440. Copper-tailed Hummingbird  (PS)  ______  
     Amazilia cupreicauda
     
     
441. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT MB
     Amazilia t. tzacatl
     
     
442. White-vented Plumeleteer  (*)  ______ AT BA
     Chalybura buffonii aeneicauda
     
     
443. Speckled Hummingbird  (*) (ph)   ______ AT BA CR
     Adelomyia melanogenys aeneosticta
     
     
444. Gould's Jewelfront  ______
     Heliodoxa aurescens
     
     
445. Violet-fronted Brilliant  (*)  ______ CR
     Heliodoxa l. leadbeateri
     
     
446. Violet-browed Brilliant  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Heliodoxa xanthogonys
     
     
447. Scissor-tailed Hummingbird  (t3) (Ve)  ______
     Hylonympha macrocerca
     
     
448. Violet-chested Hummingbird (Ve) (*)  ______ CR
     Sternoclyta cyanopectus
     
     
449. Mountain Velvetbreast  (*)  ______ AT
     Lafresnaya lafresnaya greenewalti
     
     
450. Bronzy Inca  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
     Coeligena coeligena columbiana  (1 of 3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
451. Collared Inca  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT
     Coeligena torquata conradii
     
     
452. Golden-bellied Starfrontlet  ______
     Coeligena bonapartei
     
     
453. Golden-tailed Starfrontlet  (Ve) (*) ______ AM AT 
     Coeligena eos   
     
     The Golden-tailed Starfrontlet in the Venezuelan Andes was considered a subspecies of the Golden-bellied Starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei, of mostly northeastern Colombia.  
     
     
454. Blue-throated Starfrontlet  ______
     Coeligena helianthea
     
     
455. Sword-billed Hummingbird  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT
     Ensifera ensifera  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
      
     
     Sword-billed Hummingbird
     
     
456. Buff-tailed Coronet  ______
     Boissonneaua  flavescens
     
     
457. Orange-throated Sunangel  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Heliangelus mavors  (monotypic)
     
     
458. Longuemare's Sunangel  (*)  ______ AM   
     Heliangelus clarisse spencei  "Merida Sunangel" (VEe)
     
     The Longuemare's Sunangel includes the Merida Sunangel that was previously regarded as a distinct species.. 
     It is closely related to the Amethyst-throated Sunangel of Ecuador and Bolivia. Two subspecies of the Longuemare's Sunangel were previously subspecies of the Amethyst-throated Sunangel.   
     
     
459. Coppery-bellied Puffleg  (nt)  ______
     Eriocnemis cupreoventris
     
     
460. Glowing Puffleg  (*)  ______ AT
     Eriocnemis v. vestita
     
     
461. Booted Racket-tail  (*)  ______ CR 
     Ocreatus underwoodii polystictus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     A more appropriate common name for Ocreatus underwoodii would be Racket-tailed Puffleg, as there are parrots in southeast Asia (in the Philippines) called "Racket-tails".
     
     
462. Purple-backed Thornbill  ______
     Ramphomicron microhynchum
     
     
463. Tyrian Metaltail  (*)  ______ AM AT CR
     Metallura tyrianthina oreopola  (1 of 3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
464. Perija Metaltail  (t3) ______
     Metallura iracunda
     
     
465. Bronze-tailed Thornbill  ______
     Chalcostigma heteropogon
     
     
466. Bearded Helmetcrest  (*)  ______ AM
     Oxypogon guerinii lindenii  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
467. Long-tailed Sylph  (*)  ______ AM CR
     Aglaiocercus kingi margarethae  (1 of 3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
468. Venezuelan Sylph  (Ve)  ______
     Aglaiocercus berlepschi
     
     
469. Wedge-billed Hummingbird  ______
     Schistes geoffroyi
     
     
470. Long-billed Starthroat  ______
     Heliomaster longirostris
     
     
471. Black-eared Fairy  (*)  ______ BC BE LL
     Heliothryx a. auritus
     
     
472. Amethyst Woodstar  (*)  ______ BA BI
     Calliphlox amethystina  (monotypic)
     
     
473. Gorgeted Woodstar  (*)  ______ AT
     Chaetocercus h. heliodor
     
     
474. Rufous-shafted Woodstar  (*)  ______ CR
     Chaetocercus jourdanii  (3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
475. Crested Quetzal  ______
     Pharomachrus antisianus
     
     
476. White-tipped Quetzal  (*)  ______ CR
     Pharomachrus f. fulgidus
     
     
477. Golden-headed Quetzal  ______
     Pharomachrus auriceps
     
     
     
     Golden-headed Quetzal
     
     
478. Pavonine Quetzal  ______
     Pharomachrus pavoninus
     
     
479. Black-tailed Trogon  ______
     Trogon melanurus
     
     
480. Amazonian White-tailed Trogon  (*) (ph)   ______ BC
     Trogon v. viridis
     
     
481. Collared Trogon  (*)  ______ BE BI CR
     Trogon collaris exoptatus
     
     
482. Masked Trogon  (*)  ______ AM BA BE
     Trogon p, personatus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
483. Black-throated Trogon  ______
     Trogon rufus
     
     
484. Gartered Trogon  (ph)   ______  (was part of Violaceous Trogon)
     Trogon caligatus
     
     
485. Violaceous Trogon  ______
     Trogon violaceus
     
     
486. Ringed Kingfisher  (*) (ph)   ______ AM BA BE BI FS LL MB
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata
     
     
487. Belted Kingfisher  (ph)   ______
     Megoceryle alcyon
     
     
488. Amazon Kingfisher  (*)  ______ BA BE BI FS LL
     Chloroceryle a. amazona  (said by some to be monotypic)
     
     
489. Green Kingfisher  (*) (ph)   ______ BE LL
     Chloroceryle a. americana
     
     
490. Green-and-rufous Kingfisher  (*)  ______ LL
     Chloroceryle inda  (monotypic)
     
     
491. American Pygmy Kingfisher  (*) (ph)   ______ LL MB
     Chloroceryle a. aenea
     
     
492. Whooping Motmot  (*) (ph)  _____  CR
     Momotus subrufescens osgoodi
     
     The Whooping Motmot, and the following species, the Amazonian Motmot, have been part of an expanded Blue-crowned Motmot. 
     The Blue-crowned Motmot, Momotus coeruliceps, is now endemic to Mexico.
     
     Another name for Momotus subrufscens is the Tawny-bellied Motmot.   
     
     
493. Amazonian Motmot  (*) (ph)   ______ BC 
     Momotus m. momota  (in Venezuela, south of the Orinoco River) 
     
     
494. Pale-headed Jacamar  (*)  ______ BA
     Brachygalba goeringi
     
     
495. Brown Jacamar  ______
     Brachygalba lugubris
     
     
496. Yellow-billed Jacamar  ______
     Galbula albirostris
     
     
497. Rufous-tailed Jacamar  (*) (ph)   ______ CA CR LL MB
     Galbula r. ruficauda
     
     
498. Green-tailed Jacamar  (*)  ______ BC
     Galbula galbula  (monotypic)
     
     
499. Bronzy Jacamar  ______
     Galbula leucogastra
     
     
500. Paradise Jacamar  (*)  ______ BE
     Galbula d. dea
     
     
501. Great Jacamar  ______
     Jacamerops aureus
     
     
502. Swallow-winged Puffbird  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Chelidoptera t. tenebrosa  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
503. White-necked Puffbird  ______
     Notharchus macrohynchos
     
     
504. Brown-banded Puffbird  ______
     Notharchus ordii
     
     
505. Pied Puffbird  ______
     Notharchus tectus
     
     
506. Chestnut-capped Puffbird  ______
     Bucco macrodactylus
     
     
507. Spotted Puffbird  ______
     Bucco tamatia
     
     
508. Collared Puffbird  ______
     Bucco capensis 
     
     
509. Russet-throated Puffbird  (*) (ph)  ______ BC MB
     Hypnelus (or Bucco) ruficollis bicinctus  (6 subspecies in Venezuela; 5 on the mainland & 1 on the offshore Margarita Island) 
     H. bicinctus in north & east VE are double-banded; H. ruficollis in the Maracaibo area is single-banded. These have been considered separate species.  
     
     
     
     Russet-throated Puffbird
     (photo by Alan Brady during a FONT tour in Venezuela)
     
     
510. White-chested Puffbird  ______
     Malacoptila fusca
     
     
511. Moustached Puffbird  ______
     Malacoptila mystacalis
     
     
512. Rusty-breasted Nunlet  ______
     Nonnula rubecula
     
     
513. Black Nunbird  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Monasa atra  (monotypic)
     
     
514. White-fronted Nunbird  ______
     Monasa morphoeus
     
     
515. Black-spotted Barbet  ______
     Capito niger
     
     
516. Gilded Barbet  ______
     Capito auratus
     
     
517. Red-headed Barbet  (*)  ______ BA
     Eubucco b. bourcierii
     
     
518. Groove-billed Toucanet  (*)  ______ CR
     Aulacorhynchus s. sulcatus
     
     
519. Yellow-billed Toucanet  (*)  ______ BA  (has been part of Groove-billed Toucanet)
     Aulacorhynchus  calorhynchus
     
     
520. Emerald Toucanet  (*) (ph)   ______ AM
     Aulacorhynchus prasinus albivitta
     
     
521. Chestnut-tipped Toucanet  ______
     Aulacorhynchus derbianus
     
     
522. Crimson-rumped Toucanet  ______
     Aulacorhynchus haematopygus
     
     
523. Guianan Toucanet  ______
     Selenidera culik
     
     
524. Tawny-tufted Toucanet  ______
     Selenidera nattereri
     
     
525. Collared Aracari  (ph)   ______
     Pteroglossus torquatus
     
     
526. Black-necked Aracari  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Pteroglossus aracari roraimae 
     
     
527. Many-banded Aracari  ______
     Pteroglossus pluricinctus
     
     
528. Ivory-billed Aracari  ______
     Pteroglossus azara 
     
     
529. Green Aracari  (*)  ______ BE
     Pteroglossus v. viridis
     
     
530. Black-billed Mountain Toucan  ______
     Andigena nigrirostris
     
     
531. Keel-billed Toucan  (ph)   ______
     Ramphastos sulfuratus
     
     
532. Citron-throated Toucan  ______
     Ramphastos citreolaemus   
     
     
533. Channel-billed Toucan  (*) (ph)   ______ BC BE  
     Ramphastos vitellinus  (includes 2 subspecies that were formerly considered distinct species:
     Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus  (the former Yellow-ridged Toucan)
     Ramphastos v. vitellinus   
     
     
534. Black-mandibled Toucan  (nt) (*)  ______ AT   
     Ramphastos ambiguus abbreviatus
     
     The Black-mandibled Toucan and the Chestnut-mandibled Toucan of Central America & western Colombia are now considered conspecific.  
     
     
535. White-throated Toucan  (*)  ______ BC BE
     Ramphastos tucanus   (includes 2 subspecies that were formerly considered distinct species:
     Ramphastos tucanus cuveri  (the former Cuvier's Toucan)
     Ramphastos t. tucanus  (the former Red-billed Toucan)
     
     
536. Spot-breasted Woodpecker  (*)  ______ AT LL
     Chrysoptilus punctigula punctipectus
     
     
537. Crimson-mantled Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  ______ AM
     Piculus rivolii meridae  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
     
     Crimson-mantled Woodpecker
     
     
538. Golden-olive Woodpecker  (*) (ph)   ______ AM CR
     Piculus rubiginosus meridensis
     
     
539. Yellow-throated Woodpecker  ______
     Piculus flavigula
     
     
540. Golden-green Woodpecker  ______
     Piculus chrysochloros
     
     
541. Chestnut Woodpecker  ______
     Celeus elegans
     
     
542. Scale-breasted Woodpecker  ______
     Celeus grammicus
     
     
543. Waved Woodpecker  ______
     Celeus undatus
     
     
544. Cream-colored Woodpecker  ______
     Celeus flavus
     
     
545. Ringed Woodpecker  ______
     Celeus torquatus  
     
     
546. Lineated Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  ______ BC BI
     Dryocopus l. lineatus
     
     
547. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  ______ AT BC BE BI
     Melanerpes cruentatus  (monotypic)
     
     
548. Red-crowned Woodpecker  (*)  ______ AM AT BA BI CA CR LL
     Melanerpes r. rubricapillus  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela; the other with a limited range in northern Venezuela on the Paraguana Peninsula) 
     
     
549. Smoky-brown Woodpecker  (*)  ______ CR
     Picoides (formerly Veniliornis) fumigatus reichenbachi
     
     
550. Little Woodpecker  (*)  ______ AT
     Veniliornis passerinus modestus
     
     
551. Red-rumped Woodpecker  (*)  ______ LL
     Veniliornis kirkii continentalis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela; the other restricted to Mt. Roraima)
     
     
552. Red-stained Woodpecker  ______
     Veniliornis affinis
     
     
553. Golden-collared Woodpecker  (*)  ______ BE
     Veniliornis cassini  (monotypic)
     
     
554. Yellow-vented Woodpecker  ______
     Veniliornis dignus
     
     
555. Crimson-crested Woodpecker  (*) (ph)   ______ BA BC LL
     Campephilus melanoleucos malherbii
     
     
556. Red-necked Woodpecker  (*)  ______ BE
     Campephilus r. rubricollis
     
     
557. Powerful Woodpecker  ______
     Campephilus pollens
     
     
558. Scaled Piculet  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
     Picumnus squamulatus roehli  (1 of 4 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
559. White-bellied Piculet  ______
     Picumnus spilogaster
     
     
560. Olivaceous Piculet  (*)  ______ AT CA
     Picumnus olivaceus tachirensis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
561. Chestnut Piculet  ______
     Picumnus cinnamomeus
     
     
562. Black-dotted Piculet  (Ve)  ______
     Picumnus nigropunctatus
     
     
563. Golden-spangled Piculet  (*)  ______ BE
     Picumnus exilis undulatus  (1 of 3 subspecies in Venezuela) 
     
     
564. Olive Manakin  (PS)  ______
     Chloropipo uniformis
     
     
565. Golden-winged Manakin  ______
     Masius chrysopterus
     
     
566. Western Striped Manakin  (*)   ______  BA
     Machaeropterus striolatus aureopectus
     
     
567. Fiery-capped Manakin  ______
     Machaeropterus pyrocephalus
     
     
568. Black Manakin  ______
     Xenopipo atronitens
     
     
569. Lance-tailed Manakin  (*)  ______ CR
     Chiroxiphia lanceolata
     
     
570. Blue-backed Manakin  ______
     Chiroxiphia pareola
     
     
571. White-bearded Manakin  (*) (ph)   ______ BC
     Manacus manacus
     
     
     
     White-bearded Manakin
     
     
572. White-throated Manakin  ______
     Corapipo guttualis
     
     
573. White-ruffed Manakin  ______
     Corapipo leucorrhoa
     
     
574. Wire-tailed Manakin  (*) (ph)  ______ BA LL
     Pipra f. filicauda
     
     
     
     Wire-tailed Manakin
     
     
575. Crimson-hooded Manakin  ______
     Pipra aureola
     
     
576. Scarlet-horned Manakin  (PS)  ______
     Pipra cornuta
     
     
577. Golden-headed Manakin  (*)  ______ BC
     Pipra e. erythrocephala
     
     
     
     Golden-headed Manakin
     (photo by Leroy Tabb)
     
     
578. White-crowned Manakin  (*)  ______ BC
     Dixiphia (formerly Pipra) p. pipra
     
     
579. Blue-crowned Manakin  ______
     Lepidothrix coronata
     
     
580. Orange-bellied Manakin  (PS)  ______
     Lepidothrix suavissima
     
     
581. Yellow-crested Manakin  ______ 
     Hewterocercus flavivertex
     
     
582. Black-tailed Tityra  (*)  ______ BA BC CR
     Tityra c. cayana 
     
     
583. Masked Tityra  (*)  ______ CR
     Tityra semifasciata columbiana
     
     
584. Black-crowned Tityra  (*)  ______ BC BI CR
     Tityra inquisitor erythrogenys 
     
     
585. Thrush-like Schiffornis  ______
     Schiffornis turdinus
     
     
586. Varzea Schiffornis   ______
     Schiffornis major 
     
     
587. White-naped Xenopsaris  ______
     Xenopsaris albinucha
     
     
588. Green-backed Becard  ______
     Pachyramphus viridis
     
     
589. Barred Becard  ______
     Pachyramphus versicolor
     
     
590. Cinereous Becard  (*)  ______ AT
     Pachyramphus r. rufus
     
     
591. Chestnut-crowned Becard  (*)  ______ CR
     Pachyramphus castaneus intermedius  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
592. Cinnamon Becard  ______
     Pachyramphus castaneus
     
     
593. White-winged Becard  (*)  ______ BI
     Pachramphus polychopterus tristis
     
     
594. Black-capped Becard  (*)  ______ BC
     Pachramphus marginatus nanus
     
     
595. Black-and-white Becard  (*)  ______ BA CR
     Pachramphus a. albogriseus
     
     
596. Pink-throated Becard  ______
     Platypsaris minor
     
     
597. One-colored Becard  ______
     Platypsaris homochrous
     
     
598. Red-crested Cotinga  ______
     Ampelion rubrocristatus
     
     
599. Barred Fruiteater  ______
     Pipreola arcuata
     
     
600. Green-and-black Fruiteater  ______
     Pipreola riefferii
     
     
601. Golden-breasted Fruiteater  ______
     Pipreola aureopectus
     
     
602. Handsome Fruiteater (Ve) (*) (ph)  ______ CR
     Pipreola f. formosa
     
     
     
     A Handsome Fruiteater photographed during a FONT tour.
     A brightly-colored bird in the recesses of a dark forest. 
     
     
603. Red-banded Fruiteater  (PS)  ______
     Pipreola whitelyi
     
     
604. Scaled Fruiteater  ______
     Ampelioides tschudii 
     
     
605. Sharpbill  (*)  ______ BE
     Oxyruncus cristatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
606. White-browed Purpletuft  ______
     Iodopleura isabellae
     
     
607. Dusky Purpletuft  ______
     Isdopleura fusca
     
     
608. Andean Laniisoma  ______  (has been called Shrike-like Cotinga and Elegant Mourner)
     Laniisoma buckleyi
     
     Laniisoma buckleyi has also been called the Shrike-like Cotinga or the Elegant Mourner.
     
     
609. Purple-breasted Cotinga  (PS)  ______
     Cotinga cotinga
     
     
610. Spangled Cotinga  (PS)  ______
     Cotinga cayana
     
     
611. Pompadour Cotinga  (PS)  ______
     Xipholena punicea 
     
     
612. White Bellbird  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Procnias a. albus
     
     
613. Bearded Bellbird  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Procnias averano carnobarba 
     
     
614. Screaming Piha  (*)  ______ BE BI
     Lipaugus vociferans  (monotypic)
     
     
615. Rose-collared Piha  (PS)  ______
     Lipaugus streptophorus
     
     
616. Cinnamon Mourner  ______
     Laniocera hypopyrra
     
     
617. Purple-throated Fruitcrow  (*)  ______ BI
     Querula purpurata  (monotypiic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
618. Red-ruffed Fruitcrow  (*)  ______ CR
     Pyroderus scutatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
619. Bare-necked Fruitcrow  (*)  ______ BE
     Gymnoderus foetidus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
620. Amazonian Umbrellabird  ______
     Cephalopterus ornatus 
     
     
621. Black-necked Red Cotinga  ______
     Phoenicircus nigricollis
     
     
622. Guianan Red Cotinga  ______
     Phoenicircus carifex
     
     
623. Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock  (PS) (*)  ______ BC BE
     Rupicola rupicola  (monotypic)
     
     
624. Andean Cock-of-the-Rock  (*) (ph) ______ BA
     Rupicola peruviana aequatorialis
     
     
     
     Andean Cock-of-the-Rock
     
     
625. Capuchinbird  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Perissocephalus tricolor
     
     
626. Wing-barred Piprites  (*)  ______ CR  
     Piprites chloris chlorion
     
     The Wing-barred Piprites was at one time called the Wing-barred Manakin, but it is not a mankin.
     
     
627. Sreak-throated Bush-Tyrant  (*)  ______ AM
     Myiotheretes s. striaticollis
     
     
628. Smoky Bush Tyrant  ______
     Myiotheretes fumigatus
     
     
629. Drab Water Tyrant  ______
     Ochthornis littoralis
     
     
630. Blackish Chat-Tyrant  ______
     Ochthoeca nigrita
     
     
631. Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant  ______
     Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris
     
     
632. Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant  ______
     Ochthoeca rufipectoralis
     
     
633. Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Ochthoeca fumicolor superciliosa
     
     
634. Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant  (*)  ______ AM
     Ochthoeca diadema  (3 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
635. Black Phoebe  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Sayornis nigricans angustirostris
     
     
636. Rufous-tailed Tyrant  (*)  ______ AT
     Knipolegus poecilurus venezuelanus
     
     
637. Riverside Tyrant  ______
     Knipolegus orenocensis
     
     
638. Amazonian Black Tyrant  ______
     Knipolegus poecilocercus
     
     
639. Pied Water Tyrant  (*)  ______ FS LL MB
     Fluvicola p. pica
     
     
640. White-headed Marsh Tyrant  (*) (ph)   ______ BI LL
     Arundinicola leucocephala  (monotypic)
     
     
641. Vermilion Flycatcher  (*) (ph)   ______ BI CC FS LL MB
     Pyrocephalus rubinus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
642. Yellow-browed Tyrant  (*)  ______ LL
     Satrapa icterophrys  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
643. Long-tailed Tyrant  (ph)  ______
     Colonia colonus
     
     
     
     A Long-tailed Tyrant photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
644. Cattle Tyrant  (*) (ph)   ______ BI FS LL MB
     Machetornis rixosa  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
645. Fork-tailed Flycatcher  (*) (ph)   ______ BC BE BI LL MB
     Tyrannus savana monachus
     
     
646. Eastern Kingbird  (ph)   ______
     Tyrannus tyrannus
     
     
647. Tropical Kingbird  (*) (ph)   ______ all regions
     Tyrannus m. melancholicus
     
     
648. White-throated Kingbird  (ph)  ______
     Tyrannus albogularis
     
     
     
     A White-throated Kingbird photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
649. Gray Kingbird  (*) (ph)   ______ CA FS LL
     Tyrannus d. dominicensis
     
     
650. Crowned Slaty Flycatcher  ______
     Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus
     
     
651. Sulphury Flycatcher  ______
     Tyrannopsis sulphurea
     
     
652. Variegated Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA
     Empidonomus varius rufinus
     
     
653. Piratic Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA LL
     Legatus l. leucophaius  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
654. Boat-billed Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA BC CC CR
     Megarhynchus p. pitangua  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
655. Streaked Flycatcher  (*) (ph)   ______ BA BC BE BI CR LL MB
     Mylodynastes maculatus difficilis
     
     
656. Golden-crowned Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA
     Myiodynastes chrysocephalus cinerascens
     
     
657. Lemon-browed Flycatcher  ______
     Conopias cinchoneti
     
     
658. Yellow-throated Flycatcher  ______
     Conopias parva
     
     
659. Three-striped Flycatcher  ______
     Conopias trivirgata
     
     
660. Rusty-margined Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA BC LL CR
     Myiozetetes cayanensis rufipennis
     
     
661. Social Flycatcher  (*) (ph)   ______ all regions
     Myiozetetes similis columbianus
     
     
     
     Social Flycatcher
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
662. Gray-capped Flycatcher  ______
     Myiozetetes granadensis
     
     
663. Dusky-chested Flycatcher  ______
     Myiozetetes luteiventris
     
     
664. White-bearded Flycatcher  (Ve) (*)  ______ LL
     Phelpsia inornata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus; formerly in the genus Myiozetetes, then Conopias)
     
     
665. Great Kiskadee  (*) (ph)   ______ all regions
     Pitangus sulphuratus  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
666. Lesser Kiskadee  (*)  ______ LL MB
     Pitangus (formerly Philohydor) l. lictor
     
     
667. Bright-rumped Attila  (*) (ph)   ______ CR
     Attila spadiceus parvirostris
     
     
668. Citron-bellied Attila  (*)  ______ BC
     Attila citriniventris
     
     
669. Cinnamon Attila  ______
     Attila cinnamomeus
     
     
670. Grayish Mourner  ______
     Rhytipterna simplex
     
     
671. Pale-bellied Mourner  ______
     Rhytipterna immunda
     
     
672. Eastern Sirystes  ______
     Sirystes sibilator 
     
     
673. Short-crested Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CC
     Myiarchus ferox brunnescens
     
     
674. Swainson's Flycatcher  _____
     Myiarchus swainsoni
     
     
675. Venezuelan Flycatcher (Vqe) (*)  ______ FS
     Myiarchus venezuelensis
     
     
676. Panama Flycatcher  ______
     Myiarchus panamensis
     
     
677. Pale-edged Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA
     Myiarchus cephalotes caribbaeus
     
     
678. Brown-crested Flycatcher  (*)  ______ AT LL
     Myiarchus tyrannulus
     
     
679. Great Crested Flycatcher  (ph)   ______
     Myiarchus crinitus
     
     
680. Dusky-capped Flycatcher  (*) (ph)   ______ BA BE
     Myiarchus tuberculifer
     
     
681. Cinnamon Flycatcher  (*)  ______ AT CR
     Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea vieillotioides
     
     
682. Flavescent Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA
     Myiophobus flavicans venezuelanus
     
     
683. Roraiman Flycatcher  (PS)   ______
     Myiophobus roraimae
     
     
684. Bran-colored Flycatcher  (*)  ______ CC CR
     Myiophobus fasiatus
     
     
685. Dwarf Tyranneutes  ______  (has been called Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin)
     Tyranneutes stolzmanni
     
     
686. Tiny Tyranneutes  ______  (has been called Tiny Tyrant-Manakin)
     Tyranneutes virescens
     
     
687. Saffron-crested Neopelma  ______ (has been called Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manakin)
     Neopelma chrysocephalum
     
     
688. Cliff Flycatcher  (*) (ph)  ______ BE
     Hirundinea f. ferruginea
     
     
689. Tropical Pewee  (ph)   ______
     Contopus cinereus
     
     
690. Eastern Wood Pewee  (ph)  ______
     Contopus virens
     
     
691. Western Wood Pewee  ______
     Contopus sordidulus 
     
     
692. Smoke-colored Pewee  (*)  ______ AM BE CR
     Contopus fumigatus cineraceus 
     
     
693. Olive-sided Flycatcher  (nt)  ______
     Contopus cooperi (formerly borealis)
     
     
694. Alder Flycatcher  ______
     Empidonax alnorum
     
     
695. Acadian Flycatcher  ______
     Empidonax virescens
     
     
696. Euler's Flycatcher  ______
     Lathrotriccus euleri
     
     
697. Fuscous Flycatcher  (*)  ______ AT CA
     Cnemotriccus fuscatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
698. Whiskered Myiobius  ______  
     Myiobius barbatus
     
     Myiobius barbatus has been called the Whiskered Flycatcher. It was part of the Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher, which is now west of the Andes, not in Venezuela.  
     
     
699. Black-tailed Myiobius  ______  (has been called Black-tailed Flycatcher)
     Myiobius atricaudus
     
     
700. Tawny-breasted Myiobius  (*)  ______ AT  (has been called Tawny-breasted Flycatcher)
     Myiobius villosus schaeferi
     
     
701. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher  ______
     Terenotriccus erythrurus
     
     
702. Cinnamon Neopipo  ______
     Neopipo cinnamomea
     
     
703. Northern Royal Flycatcher  (ph)  ______
     Onychorhynchus mexicanus  
     
     
     
     Northern Royal Flycatcher
     
     
704. Amazonian Royal Flycatcher  ______
     Onychorhynchus coronatus
     
     
705. White-crested Spadebill  ______
     Platyrinchus platyrhynchos
     
     
706. Yellow-throated Spadebill  ______
     Platyinchus flavigularis
     
     
707. Cinnamon-crested Spadebill  ______
     Platyinchus saturatus
     
     
708. White-throated Spadebill  (*)  ______ BI
     Platyrinchus mystaceus insularis
     
     
709. Golden-crowned Spadebill  ______
     Platyinchus coronatus
     
     
710. Yellow-olive Flatbill  (*)  ______ AT FS  (formerly called Yellow-olive Flycatcher)
     Tolmomyias sulphurescens exortivus
     
     
711. Zimmer's Flatbill  ______  
     Tolmomyias assimilis 
     
     The Zimmer's Flatbill has been called the Yellow-margined Flycatcher.
     
     
712. Gray-crowned Flatbill  ______
     Tolmomyias poliocephalus
     
     
713. Ochre-lored Flatbill  (*)  ______ CC CR MB 
     Tolmomyias flaviventris
     
     The Ochre-lored Flatbill was called the Yellow-breasted Flycatcher. Birds south from southern Peru are now considered a separate species, the Olive-faced Flatbill, Tolmomyias viridiceps.
     
     
714. Bamboo Flatbill  ______  
     Ramphotrogon megacephala
     
     Ramphotrogon megacephala has been called the Large-billed Flatbill.
     
     
715. Rufous-tailed Flatbill  ______
     Ramphotrogon ruficauda
     
     
716. Olivaceous Flatbill  (*)  ______ BC CC MB
     Rhynchocyclus olivaceus  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
717. Common Tody-Flycatcher  (*)  ______ AM BA FS LL MB
     Todirostrum c. cinereum
     
     
718. Spotted Tody-Flycatcher  ______
     Todirostrum maculatum
     
     
719. Maracaibo Tody-Flycatcher  (nt) (Ve) (*)  ______ FS    
     Todirostrum viridanum 
     
     The Maracaibo Tody-Flycatcher was once called the Short-tailed Tody-Flycatcher, and it was also once considered by some to be a subspecies of the Common Tody-Flycatcher (above).
     Regarding its tail, it is shorter than that of the Common Tody-Flycatcher, but no shorter than the tail of the Painted Tody-Flycatcher (below), which also occurs in Venezuela.
     
     
720. Painted Tody-Flycatcher  ______
     Todirostrum pictum
     
     
721. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher  ______
     Todirostrum nigriceps
     
     
722. Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher  (*) (ph)  ______ BA
     Poecilotriccus s. sylvia  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela) 
     
     
     
     Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
723. Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher  ______
     Poecilotriccus ruficeps  
     
     
724. Ruddy Tody-Flycatcher  (PS)  ______
     Poecilotriccus russatum
     
     
725. Black-chested Tyrant  ______
     Taeniotriccus andrei  (has been placed in the genus Poecilotriccus) 
     
     
726. Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant  ______
     Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
     
     
727. White-eyed Tody-Tyrant  ______
     Hemitriccus zosterops
     
     
728. Snethlage's Tody-Tyrant  ______
     Hemitriccus minor
     
     
729. Black-throated Tody-Tyrant  ______
     Hemitriccus granadensis
     
     
730. Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant  ______
     Lophotriccus pileatus
     
     
731. Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant  ______
     Lophotriccus galeatus
     
     
732. Pale-eyed Pygmy Tyrant  (*)  ______ CC CR LL
     Lophotriccus pilaris venezuelensis
     
     
733. Tawny-crowned Pygmy Tyrant  ______
     Euscarthmus meloryphus
     
     
734. Short-tailed Pygmy Tyrant  ______
     Myiornis ecaudatus
     
     
735. Ringed Antpipit  ______
     Corythopis torquata
     
     
736. Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant  (*)  ______ CR
     Pogonotriccus (or Phylloscartes) ophthalmicus purus
     
     
737. Variegated Bristle Tyrant  (*)  ______ AM
     Pogonotriccus (or Phylloscartes) poecilotis pifanoi
     
     
738. Chapman's Bristle Tyrant  (PS) (*)  ______ BC
     Pogonotriccus (or Phylloscartes) chapmani duidae  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
      
739. Venezuelan Bristle Tyrant (nt)  (Ve) (*)  ______ CR
     Pogonotriccus (or Phylloscartes) venezuelanus  (monotypic)
     
     
740. Rufous-lored Tyrannulet  (Ve) (*)  ______ CR
     Phylloscartes flaviventris  (formerly in genus Pogonotriccus)
     
     
     What is now the Rufous-lored Tyrannulet was called the Yellow-bellied Bristle-Tyrant.
     
     
741. Black-fronted Tyrannulet  (PS)  ______
     Phylloscartes nigrifrons
     
     
742. Rufous-browed Tyrannulet  ______
     Phylloscartes superciliaris
     
     
743. Crested Doradito  ______
     Pseudocolopteryx sclateri
     
     
744. Bearded Tachuri  (nt)  ______
     Polystictus pectoralis
     
     
745. Agile Tit-Tyrant  (*)  ______ AT
     Uromyias agilis  (monotypic)
     
     
746. Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant  ______
     Stigmatura napensis
     
     The Lesser Wagtail Tyrant was first found in Venezuela in June 1996, when it was tape-recorded on a small Orinoco River island a few miles upriver from the Camturama Lodge, in Amazonas. Several specimens were taken there in May 1999.
     The bird is a specialist of young, regenerating, and bushy vegetation on river islands.
     
     More recently, in 2007, a wagtail-tyrant was found on a lower Orinoco River island in the Delta Amacuro - either a new, yet unnamed species, or representing a significant range extension of the Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant. The bird was photographed.   
     (See also notes below with the Rio Orinoco Spinetail and the "Delta Amacuro Softail").     
     
     
747. Yellow Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ LL
     Capsiempis flaveola cerulus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
748. Torrent Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Serpophaga c. cinera
     
     
749. River Tyrannulet  ______
     Serpophaga hypoleuca
     
     
750. Pale-tipped Inezia  (*)  ______ BA  
     Inezia caudata  
     
     The Pale-tipped Inezia has been called the Pale-tipped Tyrannulet. At that time with a wider range, that species included what is now the Amazonian Inezia (below).   
     
       
751. Amazonian Inezia  ______
     Inezia subflava
     
     
752. Slender-billed Inezia  (*)  ______ FS  (restricted to N Colombia & NW Venezuela)
     Inezia tenuirostris  (monotypic) 
     
     The Slender-billed Inezia has been called the Slender-billed Tyrannulet.
     
     
753. White-banded Tyrannulet  ______
     Mecocerculus stictopterus
     
     
754. White-throated Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ AM AT CR
     Mecocerculus leucophrys palliditergum
     
     
755. Yellow-bellied Elaenia  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT BA BC CC FS LL MB
     Elaenia flavogaster
     
     
756. Lesser Elaenia  ______
     Elaenia chiriquensis
     
     
757. Sierran Elaenia  ______
     Elaenia pallatangae
     
     
758. Small-billed Elaenia  (*)  ______ BC LL
     Elaenia parvirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
759. Plain-crested Elaenia  (*)  ______ BE
     Elaenia c. cristata
     
     
760. Mountain Elaenia  (*)  ______ AM AT CR
     Elaenia frantzii
     
     
761. Rufous-crowned Elaenia  ______
     Elaenia ruficeps
     
     
762. Slaty Elaenia  ______
     Elaenia strepera
     
     
763. Great Elaenia  (Ve) (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Elaenia d. dayi
     
     
764. Gray Elaenia  ______
     Myiopagis caniceps
     
     
765. Forest Elaenia  ______
     Myiopagis gaimardii
     
     
766. Yellow-crowned Elaenia  ______
     Myiopagis flavivertex
     
     
767. Greenish Elaenia  ______
     Myiopagis viridicata
     
     
768. Northern Scrub Flycatcher  (*)  ______ FS
     Sublegatus arenarum glaber
     
     
769. Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher  ______
     Sublegatus obscurior
     
     
770. Mouse-colored Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CR LL 
     Phaeomylas murina
     
     
771. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ BC CA CC FS LL
     Camptostoma obsoletum
     
     
772. Brown-capped Tyrannulet  ______
     Ornithion brunneicapillum
     
     
773. White-lored Tyrannulet  ______
     Ornithion inerme
     
     
774. White-fronted Tyrannulet  ______
     Phyllomyias zeledoni
     
     
775. Sooty-headed Tyrannulet  ______
     Phyllomyias griseiceps
     
     
776. Ulrich's Tyrannulet  (t2)  ______
     Phyllomyias urichi
     
     
777. Black-capped Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ AT
     Phyllomyias nigrocapillus aureus
     
     
778. Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet  ______
     Phyllomyias uropygialis
     
     
779. Venezuelan Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ AT BI CR 
     Zimmerius improbus
     
     The Venezuelan Tyrannulet was part of what was an expanded Paltry Tyrannulet. That species is now restricted to Central America.
     
     
780. Golden-faced Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ BA
     Zimmerius chrysops cumanensis
     
     
781. Slender-footed Tyrannulet  ______
     Zimmerius gracilipes
     
     
782. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet  (*)  ______ CC
     Tyrannulus e. elatus 
     
     
783. Rufous-breasted Flycatcher  ______
     Leptopogon rufipectus 
     
     
784. Sepia-capped Flycatcher  (ph)   ______
     Leptopogon amaurocephalus 
     
      
     
     A Sepia-capped Flycatcher photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
785. Slaty-capped Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BA
     Leptopogon superciliaris venezuelensis
     
     
786. Olive-striped Flycatcher  (*)  ______  BA
     Mionectes olivaceus venezuelanus
     
     
787. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher  (*) (ph)  ______ CR MB
     Mionectes oleagineus chloronotus
     
     
788. McConnell's Flycatcher  (*)  ______ BE
     Mionectes macconnelli mercedesfosterae 
     
     
789. Fasciated Antshrike  ______
     Cymbilaimus lineatus
     
     
790. Black-throated Antshrike  ______
     Frederickena viridis
     
     
791. Great Antshrike  (ph)  ______
     Taraba major
     
     
792. Black-crested Antshrike  (*)  ______ CC FS
     Sakesphorus canadensis intermedius
     
     
793. Black-backed Antshrike  ______
     Sakesphorus melanonotus
     
     
794. Barred Antshrike  (*) (ph)   ______ AM CA CR LL
     Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus
     
     
     
     Barred Antshrike
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
795. Bar-crested Antshrike  ______
     Thamnophilus multistriatus
     
     
796. Blackish-gray Antshrike  ______
     Thamnophilus nigrocinereus
     
     
797. White-shouldered Antshrike  ______
     Thamnophilus aethiops
     
     
798. Mouse-colored Antshrike  (*)  ______ BC
     Thamnophilus m.murinus
     
     
799. Western Slaty Antshrike  ______
     Thamnophilus atrinucha
     
     
800. Guianan Slaty Antshrike  (*)  ______ BC
     Thamnophilus p. punctatus
     
     
801. Amazonian Antshrike  ______
     Thamnophilus amazonicus
     
     
802. Streak-backed Antshrike  (Ve) (PS)  ______
     Thamnophilus insignis 
     
     
803. Pearly Antshrike  ______
     Megastictus margaritatus
     
     
804. Spot-winged Antshrike  ______
     Pygiptila stellaris
     
     
805. Russet Antshrike  ______
     Thamnistes anabatinus 
     
     
806. Plain Antvireo  (*)  ______ BA CC CR 
     Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus
     
     
807. Venezuelan Antvireo  (Ve)  ______   
     Dysithamnus tucuyensis
     
     The Venezuelan Antvireo has been erroneously put in the genus Thamnomanes, and was then called the Plumbeous Antshrike.
     
     
808. Dusky-throated Antshrike  ______
     Thamnomanes ardesiacus
     
     
809. Cinereous Antshrike ______
     Thamnomanes caesius
     
     
810. Pygmy Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula brachyura
     
     
811. Yellow-throated Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula ambigua
     
     
812. Guianan Streaked Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula surinamensis
     
     
813. Amazonian Streaked Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula multostriata
     
     
814. Cherrie's Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula cherriei
     
     
815. Rufous-bellied Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula guttata
     
     
816. Brown-bellied Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula gutturalis 
     
     
817. Stipple-throated Antwren  (*)  ______ BC
     Myrmotherula haematonota pyrrhonota
     
     
818. White-flanked Antwren  (*)  ______ CR
     Myrmotherula a. axillaris
     
     
819. Slaty Antwren  (*)  ______ CR
     Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctaemartae
     
     
820. Long-winged Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula longipennis
     
     
821. Plain-winged Antwren  ______
     Myrmotherula behni
     
     
822. Gray Antwren  _____
     Myrmotherula menetriesii
     
     
823. Spot-tailed Antwren  ______
     Herpsilochmus sticturus
     
     
824. Todd's Antwren  ______
     Herpsilochmus stictocephalus
     
     
825. Spot-backed Antwren  ______
     Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus
     
     
826. Roraiman Antwren  (PS)  ______
     Herpsilochmus roraimae
     
     
827. Rufous-winged Antwren  ______
     Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
     
     
828. Northern White-fringed Antwren  (*)  ______ BI CA CC FS   
     Formicivora (grisea) intermedia
     
     The Northern White-fringed Antwren was conspecific with what is now the Southern White-fringed Anttwren, mostly in Brazil.
     
     
829. Southern White-fringed Antwren  ______
     Formicivora grisea
     
     
830. Long-tailed Antbird  ______
     Drymophila caudata
     
     
831. Ash-winged Antwren  ______
     Terenura spodioptila
     
     
832. Gray Antbird  ______
     Cercomacra cinerascens
     
     
833. Dusky Antbird  (*)  ______ MB
     Cercomacra t. tyrannina
     
     
834. Jet Antbird  ______
     Cercomacra nigricans
     
     
835. White-browed Antbird  ______
     Myrmoborus leucophrys
     
     
836. Black-faced Antbird  ______
     Myrmoborus myotherinus
     
     
837. Imeri Warbling Antbird  (*)  ______ BE
     Hypocnemis flavescens
     
     Formerly part of the "Warbling Antbird", the Imeri Warbling Antbird occurs in southern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, and northwestern Brazil, west of the Branco River. The former "Warbling Antbird" has been split into 6 species.
     
     
838. Guianan Warbling Antbird  (nt)  ______
     Hypocnemis cantator
     
     Formerly part of the "Warbling Antbird", the Guianan Warbling Antbird occurs in far-eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northeastern Brazil, north of the Amazon River and east of the lower Negro River and the Branco River. 
     The former "Warbling Antbird" has been split into 6 species.  
     
     
839. Black-chinned Antbird  ______
     Hypocnemoides melanopogon
     
     
840. Spot-backed Antbird  ______
     Hylophylax naevia
     
     
841. Dot-backed Antbird  ______
     Hylophylax punctulata
     
     
842. Scale-backed Antbird  ______
     Hylophylax poecilinota
     
     
843. Banded Antbird  ______
     Dichrozona cincta
     
     
844. Spot-winged Antibird  ______
     Schistocichla leucostigma
     
     
845. Caura Antbird  (ph)  ______
     Schistocichla caurensis
     
     
     
     Caura Antbird
     
     
846. Silvered Antbird  ______
     Sclateria naevia
     
     
847. Black-headed Antbird  ______
     Percnostola rufifrons
     
     
848. Yapacana Antbird  ______ 
     Myrmeciza disjuncta  (this species may not be in this genus)
     
     The Yapacana Antbird is a habitat specialist in seasonally saturated white sandy soil "shrubby campina".
     
     
849. White-bellied Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza longipes
     
     
850. Ferruginous-backed Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza ferruginea
     
     
851. Black-throated Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza atrothorax
     
     
852. Gray-bellied Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza pelzelni
     
     
853. Immaculate Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza immaculata
     
     
854. Dull-mantled Antbird  ______
     Myrmeciza laemosticta
     
     
855. White-plumed Antbird  ______
     Pithys albifrons
     
     
856. Rufous-throated Antbird  ______
     Gymnopithys rufigula
     
     
857. Reddish-winged Bare-eye  ______
     Phlegopsis erythroptera
     
     
858. Wing-banded Antbird  ______
     Myrmornis torquata
     
     
859. Unicolored Tapaculo  ______
     Scytalopus unicolor
     
     
860. Northern White-crowned Tapaculo  ______
     Scytalopus atratus
     
     
861. Merida Tapaculo  (*)  ______ AT BA 
     Scytalopus meridanus 
     
     The Merida Tapaculo was part of the Brown-rumped Tapaculo which was split into 4 species from Venezuela south to Ecuador.
     In Venezuela, the former Brown-rumped Tapaculo, Scytalopus latebricola, is now 2 species: the Merida Tapaculo in the Andes, and the Caracas Tapaculo (below) in the Northern Coastal Range.  
     
     
862. Caracas Tapaculo  (Ve)  ______
     Scytalopus caracae
     
     
863. Rufous-rumped Tapaculo  ______
     Scytalopus griseicollis
     
     
864. Ocellated Tapaculo  (*)  ______ AT
     Acropternis o. orthonyx 
     
     
865. Rufous-capped Antthrush  ______
     Formicarius colma
     
     
866. Black-faced Antthrush  (*)  ______ CR
     Formicarius analis saturatus
     
     
867. Rufous-breasted Amtthrush  ______
     Formicarius rufipectus
     
     
868. Schwartz's Antthrush  ______
     Chamaeza turdina
     
     
869. Short-tailed Antthrush  ______
     Chamaeza campanisona
     
     
870. Great Antpitta  (t3)  ______
     Grallaria excelsa
     
     
871. Undulated Antpitta  ______
     Grallaria squamigera
     
     
872. Variegated Antpitta  ______
     Grallaria varia
     
     
873. Scaled Antpitta  ______
     Grallaria guatimalensis 
     
     
874. Plain-backed Antpitta  (*)  ______ BA CR
     Grallaria h. haplonota
     
     
875. Chestnut-crowned Antpitta  (*)  ______ AM CR
     Grallaria ruficapilla avilae
     
     
876. Rufous Antpitta  ______
     Grallaria rufula
     
     
877. Spotted Antpitta  ______
     Hylopezus macularius
     
     
878. Thrush-like Antpitta  _____
     Myrmothera campanisona 
     
     
879. Tepui Antpitta  (PS)  ______
     Myrmothera simplex
     
     
880. Rusty-breasted Antpitta  ______
     Grallaricula ferrugineipectus 
     
     
881. Slate-crowned Antpitta  ______
     Grallaricula nana
     
     
882. Scallop-breasted Antpitta  (nt) (Ve)  ______
     Grallaricula loricata
     
     
883. Hooded Antpitta  (t3)  ______
     Grallaricula cucullata
     
     
884. Gray-naped Antpitta  (*)  ______ AT
     Grallaria g. griseonucha 
     
     
885. Caribbean Hornero  (Ve) (*)  ______ BI FS MB
     Furnarius l. longirostris
     
     The Caribbean Hornero was part of the Pale-legged Hornero. 
     
     
886. Bar-winged Cinclodes  (*)  ______ AM
     Cinclodes fuscus heterurus
     
     
887. Andean Tit-Spinetail  (*)  ______ AM
     Leptasthenura andicola certhia
     
     
888. Azara's Spinetail  (*)  ______ AT
     Synallaxis azarae elegantior
     
     
889. McConnell's Spinetail  (PS)  ______
     Synallaxis macconnelli
     
     
890. Pale-breasted Spinetail  (*)  ______ AM BC CA FS
     Synallaxis albescens trinitatus  (1 of 5 subspecies in Venezuela)
     
     
891. Plain-crowned Spinetail  ______
     Synallaxis gujanensis
     
     
892. Stripe-breasted Spinetail  (*)  ______ CR
     Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari
     
     
893. Rufous Spinetail  ______
     Synallaxis unirufa
     
     
894. Black-throated Spinetail  (Ve) (*)  ______ CR  
     Synallaxis castanea  (monotypic)
     
     The Black-throated Spinetail was conspecific with the Rufous Spinetail (above) of the Andes.
     
     
895. Ruddy Spinetail  ______
     Synallaxis rutilans
     
     
896. Rio Orinoco Spinetail  ______
     Synallaxis beverlyae
     
     The Rio Orinoco Spinetail is a newly-described species (Hilty & Ascanio, 2009), found in river island scrub in the lower and middle part of the main channel of the Orinoco River in Venezuela and adjacent Colombia.
     The species had been overlooked until recently because the Orinoco River island where it occurs were not adequately examined during earlier ornithological expeditions. 
     In appearance, the species is similar to the widespread Pale-breasted Spinetail, but it voice is more like that of the Dark-breasted, Cinereous-breasted, and Spix's Spinetails.
     
     The Rio Orinoco Spinetail seems to be restricted to scrubby river island vegetation and adjacent river edges that are subject to seasonal inundation. It is presently known from only two well-separated areas, but it may be found to occur on appropriate intervening islands.    
     
     Either 1 or 2 other new birds species have recently been discovered on islands of the lower Orinoco River: the "Delta Amacuro Softtail" and a so-far unnamed wagtail-tyrant (a flycatcher). The wagtail-tyrant may be a significant range extension of the Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant.      
     
     
897. White-browed Spinetail  ______
     Hellmayrea gularis   
     
     
898. Yellow-chinned (or Yellow-throated) Spinetail  (*)  ______ AM BI LL MB
     Certhiaxis cinnamomea orenocensis
     
     
899. White-whiskered Spinetail  (*)  ______ FS
     Synallaxis candei vanezuelensis
     
     
900. Crested Spinetail  (*)  ______ CR
     Cranioleuca s. subcristata
     
     
901. Tepui Spinetail  (PS)  ______
     Cranioleuca demissa
     
     
902. Rusty-backed Spinetail  ______
     Cranioleuca vulpina
     
     
903. Speckled Spinetail  ______
     Cranioleuca gutturata   
     
     
904. Ochre-browed Thistletail  (Ve) (*)  ______ AM AT
     Schizoeaca coryi  (monotypic)
     
     
905. White-chinned Thistletail  ______
     Schizoeaca fuliginosa
     
     
906. Perija Thistletail  (t3)  ______
     Schizoeaca perijana
     
     
907. Streak-backed Canastero  (*)  ______ AM
     Asthenes wyatti mucuchiesi
     
     
908. Orinoco Softtail  (t3) (Ve) ______
     Thripophaga cherriei   
     
     An account published in 2000 described the first observations of the Orinoco Softail since 1970, referring to 3 birds (one pair and one male) in dense riverside forest along the Capuana River, near Guacharaca Afuera, in Amazonas. 
     
     
909. "Delta Amacuro Softtail"  ______
     Thripophaga sp.
     
     The "Delta Amacuro Softtail" has only recently been discovered, and as of late 2009, not described. It is soon to be. The bird appears to be restricted to river islands of the Lower Orinoco River. It has been documented with a photograph.    
     
     
910. Plain (or Rufous-fronted) Thornbird  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
     Phacellodomus rufifrons
     
     
911. Pearled Treerunner  (*)  ______ BA
     Margarornis squamiger perlatus
     
     
912. Roraiman Barbtail  (PS)  ______
     Roraimia adusta
     
     
913. Spotted Barbtail  ______
     Premnoplex brunnescens
     
     
914. White-throated Barbtail  (t3) (Ve)  ______
     Premnoplex tatei
     
     
915. Rusty-winged Barbtail  ______
     Premnornis guttuligera  
     
     
916. Streaked Tuftedcheek  (*)  ______ CR
     Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii striaticeps
     
     
917. Point-tailed Palmcreeper  ______
     Berlepschia rikeri
     
     
918. Lineated Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Syndactyla subalaris
     
     
919. Guttulated Foliage-gleaner  (*)  ______ CR
     Syndactyla g. guttulata
     
     
920. Montane Foliage-gleaner  (*)  ______ BA CR
     Anabacerthia striaticollis venezuelana
     
     
921. Eastern Striped Woodhaunter  ______
     Hyloctistes subulatus
     
     
922. Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Philydor erythropterus
     
     
923. Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Philydor pyrrodes
     
     
924. Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Philydor ruficaudatus
     
     
925. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner  (*)  ______ CR
     Philydor rufum columbianus
     
     
926. Tepui Foliage-gleaner  (PS)  ______ 
     Automolus roraimae
     
     
927. Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Automolus infuscatus
     
     
928. Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Automolus ochrolaemus
     
     
929. Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Automolus rufipileatus
     
     
930. Ruddy Foliage-gleaner  ______
     Automolus rubiginosus
     
     
931. Flammulated Treehunter  ______
     Thripadectes flammulatus 
     
     
932. Striped Treehunter  ______
     Thripadectes virgaticeps
     
     
933. Steak-capped Treehunter  ______
     Thripadectes virgaticeps
     
     
934. Streaked Xenops  (*)  ______ AT
     Xenops rutilans heterurus
     
     
935. Slender-billed Xenops  ______
     Xenops tenuirostris
     
     
936. Plain Xenops  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BA BC CR
     Xenops minutus ruficaudus 
     
     
937. Rufous-tailed Xenops  ______
     Xenops milleri
     
     
938. Tawny-throated Leaftosser  ______
     Sclerurus mexicanus
     
     
939. Gray-throated Leaftosser  ______
     Sclerurus albigularis
     
     
940. Short-billed Leaftosser  ______
     Sclerurus rufigularis
     
     
941. Black-tailed Leaftosser  ______
     Sclerurus caudacutus
     
     
942. Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper  ______
     Lochmias nematura
     
     
943. Tyrannine Woodcreeper (Vr) (*)  ______ AT
     Dendrocincla tyrannina
     
     
944. Plain-brown Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ BA CR
     Dendrocincla fulginosa phaeochroa
     
     
945. White-chinned Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocincla merula
     
     
946. Ruddy Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocincla homochroa
     
     
947. Long-tailed Woodcreeper  ______
     Deconychura longicauda
     
     
948. Spot-throated Woodcreeper  ______
     Deconychura stictolaema
     
     
949. Olivaceous Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ AT BC BE CA CR
     Sittasomus griseicapillus griseus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
950. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ BA
     Glyphorhyncus s. spirurus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
951. Long-billed Woodcreeper  ______
     Nascia longirostris
     
     
952. Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrexetastes rufigula  
     
     The Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper is a rather recent addition to known Venezuelan avifauna. There have been multiple occurrences in the Rio Grande Forest Reserve in Bolivar. 
     
     
953. Strong-billed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ BC CR
     Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus
     
     
954. Northern Barred Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae
     
     
955. Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocolaptes certhia
     
     
956. Black-banded Woodcreeper  ______
     Dendrocolaptes picumnus
     
     
957. Straight-billed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ AM CR FS LL
     Xiphorhynchus picus  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     Xiphorhynchus picus phalara  (north VE)
     
     
958. Striped Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ BC
     Xiphorhynchus obsoletus notatus
     
     
959. Ocellated Woodcreeper  ______
     Xiphorhynchus ocellatus
     
     
960. Chestnut-rumped Woodcreeper  ______
     Xiphorhynchus pardalotus
     
     
961. Buff-throated Woodcreeper  ______
     Xiphorhynchus guttatus
     
     
962. Cocoa (formerly part of Buff-throated) Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CA CR LL MB
     Xiphorhynchus susurrans
     
     
963. Olive-backed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ CR
     Xiphorhynchus triangularis hylodromus
     
     
964. Montane (formerly part of Spot-crowned) Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ AT CR
     Lepidocolaptes l. lacrymiger
     
     
965. Streak-headed Woodcreeper  (*)  ______ BA
     Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis
     
     
966. Lineated Woodcreeper  ______
     Lepidocolaptes albolineatus 
     
     
967. Red-billed Scythebill  (*) (ph)  ______ CR
     Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis
     
     
     
     
     Red-billed Scythebill
     
     
968. Curve-billed Scythebill  ______
     Campylorhamphus procurvoides
     
     
969. Brown-billed Scythebill  ______
     Campylorhamphus pusillus
     
     
970. Rufous-browed Peppershrike  (*)  ______ AM AT BA CR
     Cyclarhis gujanensis
     
     
971. Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo  ______
     Vireolanius eximius
     
     
972. Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo  ______
     Vireolanius leucotis
     
     
973. Red-eyed Vireo  (*)  ______ AT BA BC 
     Vireo olivaceous
     
     
974. Yellow-green Vireo  ______
     Vireo flavoviridis
     
     
975. Black-whiskered Vireo  ______
     Vireo altiloquus
     
     
976. Brown-capped Vireo  (*)  ______ AM AT CR
     Vireo leucophrys
     
     
977. Yellow-throated Vireo  ______
     Vireo flavifrons
     
     
978. Tepui Greenlet  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
     Hylophilus sclateri
     
     
979. Buff-cheeked Greenlet  (*)  ______ BE
     Hylophilus muscicapinus
     
     
980. Rufous-naped Greenlet  (*)  ______ AT CR
     Hylophilus semibrunneus
     
     
981. Golden-fronted Greenlet  (*)  ______ AM CR
     Hylophilus aurantiifrons saturatus
     
     
982. Scrub Greenlet  (*)  ______ CA FS
     Hylophilus flavipes
     
     
983. Gray-chested Greenlet  ______
     Hylophilus semicinereus
     
     
984. Lemon-chested Greenlet  ______
     Hylophilus thoracicus
     
     
985. Brown-headed Greenlet  ______
     Hylophilus brunneiceps
     
     
986. Tawny-crowned Greenlet  ______
     Hylophilus ochraceiceps
     
     
987. Violaceous Jay  (*)  ______ BC
     Cyanocorax violaceus pallidus
     
     
988. Black-collared Jay  (*)  ______ AM AT
     Cyanolyca armillata  (2 subspecies in west Venezuela)
     
     
989. Cayenne Jay  (*)  ______ BE
     Cyanocorax cayanus
     
     
990. Black-chested Jay  (*)  ______ MB
     Cyanocorax a. affinis
     
     
991. Azure-naped Jay  ______
     Cyanocorax heilprini
     
     
992. Black-chested Jay  ______
     Cyanocorax affinis
     
     
993. Inca Jay  (*)  ______ AM AT BA CR  (formerly part of an expanded Green Jay; that species now restricted to Central America & south Texas)
     Cyanocorax yncas  (2 subspecies in Venezuela) 
     Cyanocorax yncas andicolus (replaces C. y. cyanodorsalis)
     Cyanocorax yncas guatimalensis
     
     
994. Brown-chested Martin  (*) (ph)   ______ MB
     Progne (formerly Phaeoprogne) tapera  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
     Progne t. tapera  (resident in VE)
     Progne tapera fusca  (in VE, a migrant from the south)
     
     
995. Gray-breasted Martin  (*)  ______ AM AT BC BE BI CC CR FS LL MB
     Progne c. chalybea 
     
     
996. Purple Martin  (ph)   ______
     Progne subis
     
     
997. Caribbean Martin  ______  (does not breed in Venezuela, but does so as closely as in Tobago; breeds in Tobago Apr-Jul)
     Progne dominicensis
     
     
998. White-winged Swallow  (*)  ______ BE BI FS LL MB
     Tachycineta albiventer  (monotypic)
     
     
999. Tree Swallow  (ph)   ______
     Tachycineta bicolor
     
     
1000. Brown-bellied Swallow  (*)  ______ AM AT BE
      Notiochelidon murina meridensis
      
      
1001. Blue-and-white Swallow  (*)  ______ AM AT BI CA CR
      Notiochelidon c. cyanoleuca  
      
      
1002. Pale-footed Swallow  ______
      Notiochelidon flavipes
      
      
1003. White-banded Swallow  ______
      Atticora fasciata
      
      
1004. Black-collared Swallow  ______
      Atticora melanoleuca
      
      
1005. White-thighed Swallow  ______
      Neochelidon tibialis
      
      
1006. Southern Rough-winged Swallow  (*)  ______ AM BC BI CR LL
      Stelgidopteryx ruficollis aequalis
      
      
1007. Tawny-headed Swallow  ______
      Alopochelidon fucata
      
      
1008. Bank Swallow  _____  (also known as the Sand Martin)
      Riparia riparia
      
      
1009. Barn Swallow  (*) (ph)   ______ FS LL MB
      Hirundo rustica erythrogaster
      
      
1010. American Cliff Swallow  ______
      Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
      
      
1011. White-capped Dipper  (*)  ______ AM
      Cinclus leucocephalus leuconotus 
      
      
1012. Bicolored Wren  (*)  ______ LL MB
      Campylorhynchus griseus minor
      
      
1013. Stripe-backed Wren  (*)  ______ BA LL
      Campylorhynchus n. nuchalis
      
      
1014. Rufous Wren  ______
      Cinnycerthia unirufa
      
      
1015. Whiskered Wren  (*)  ______ BA CR  (was part of the more-southerly Moustached Wren)
      Thryothorus mystacalis
      
      
1016. Rufous-and-white Wren  (*)  ______ CR
      Thryothorus rufalbus
      
      
1017. Rufous-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ BA
      Thryothorus rutilus
      
      
1018. Buff-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ BC LL MB
      Thryothorus leucotis venezuelensis
      
      
1019. Coraya Wren  ______
      Thryothorus coraya
      
      
1020. (Southern) House Wren  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT BA CA CR FS LL MB
      Troglodytes aedon albicans
      
      
1021. Mountain Wren  (*)  ______ AT
      Troglodytes solstitialis
      
      
1022. Tepui Wren  ______
      Troglodytes rufulus
      
      
1023. Merida Wren (Ve) (*)  ______ AM  (has also been called Paramo Wren)
      Cistothorus meridae
      
      
1024. Grass Wren  (ph)   ______  (also known as Sedge Wren)
      Cistothorus platensis
      
      
1025. White-breasted Wood Wren  (*)  ______ BA
      Henicorhina leucosticta
      
      
1026. Gray-breasted Wood Wren  (*)  ______ AM AT BA CR
      Henicorhina leucophrys
      
      
1027. Musician Wren  ______
      Cyphorhinus arada
      
      
1028. Scaly-breasted Wren  (*)  ______ AT BA CR  (has also been called Southern Nightingale Wren)
      Microcerculus marginatus
      
      
1029. Wing-banded Wren  ______
      Microcerculus bambla
      
      
1030. Flutist Wren  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
      Microcerculus ustulatus duidae
      
      
1031. Black-capped Donacobius  (ph)  ______
      Donacobius atricapillus
      
      
1032. Tropical Mockingbird  (*) (ph)   ______ AM BI CA CC FS LL MB
      Mimus gilvus
      
      
1033. Andean Solitaire  (*)  ______ AT
      Myadestes ralloides venezuelensis
      
      
1034. Rufous-brown Solitaire  ______
      Cichlopsis leucogenys
      
      
1035. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush  (*)  ______ BA
      Catharus f. fuscater
      
      
1036. Spotted Nightingale-Thrush  ______
      Catharus dryas
      
      
1037. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush  ______
      Catharus aurantiirostris
      
      
1038. Gray-cheeked Thrush  ______
      Catharus minimus
      
      
1039. Swainson's Thrush  ______
      Catharus ustulatus
      
      
1040. Veery  ______
      Catharus fuscescens
      
      
1041. Yellow-legged Thrush  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
      Platycichla flavipes venezuelensis
      
      
1042. Pale-eyed Thrush  (*)  ______ BA
      Platycichla leucops  (monotypic) 
      
      
1043. Great Thrush  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Turdus fuscater gigas
      
      
1044. Glossy-black Thrush  (*)  ______ AM BA CR
      Turdus serranus atrosericeus
      
      
1045. Black-hooded Thrush  (PS) (*)  ______ CR
      Turdus o. olivater  (subspecies on northern coastal range)
      Turdus olivater roraimae  (PS)  (PS)  (subspecies in southeast Bolivar, on Sierra de Lema & cerros of Gran Sabana)
      
      
1046. Chestnut-bellied Thrush  (*)  ______ AM
      Turdus fulviventris
      
      
1047. Pale-breasted Thrush  (*)  ______ CR
      Turdus leucomelas
      
      
1048. Black-billed Thrush  (*)  ______ BA BE
      Turdus ignobilis
      
      
1049. Cocoa Thrush  (*)  ______ AT BA CA
      Turdus fumigatus
      
      
1050. Lawrence's Thrush  ______
      Turdus lawrencii
      
      
1051. Spectacled Thrush  (*)  ______ AM AT CA CC LL
      Turdus n. nudigenis
      
      Turdus nudigenis has been called the American Bare-eyed Thrush.
      
      
1052. White-necked Thrush  (*) ______ BE CR
      Turdus albicollis phaeopygoides 
      
      
1053. Long-billed Gnatwren  (*)  ______ BC CA
      Ramphocaenus melanurus
      
      
1054. Tropical Gnatcatcher  (*)  ______ BC FS LL MB
      Polioptila plumbea innotata
      
      
1055. Guianan Gnatcatcher  ______
      Polioptila guianensis
      
      
1056. Yellowish Pipit  (*)  ______ LL
      Anthus lutescens
      
      
1057. Paramo Pipit  (*)  ______ AM
      Anthus bogotensis meridae 
      
      
1058. Blue-naped Chlorophonia  (*) (ph)  ______ BA CR
      Chlorophonia cyanea longipennis
      
      
1059. Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia  (*)  ______ AM
      Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys
      
      
1060. Golden-rumped Euphonia  (*)  ______  AT BA CR
      Euphonia cyanocephala intermedia
      
      
1061. Orange-bellied Euphonia  (ph)  (*)  ______ CR
      Euphonia xanthogaster
      
      
      
      An Orange-bellied Euphonia photographed during a FONT tour in Venezuela.
      This subspecies, Euphonia xanthogaster exsul, is in the Coastal Range 
      in the northern part of the country. 
      
      
1062. Rufous-bellied Euphonia  ______
      Euphonia rufiventris
      
      
1063. White-vented Euphonia  ______
      Euphonia minuta
      
      
1064. Trinidad Euphonia  (*)  ______ BA CA 
      Euphonia trinitatus  (monotypic)
      
      
1065. Purple-throated Euphonia  (*)  ______ BE
      Euphonia chlorotica cynophora
      
      
1066. Thick-billed Euphonia  (*)  ______ AT BA
      Euphonia laniirostris crassirostris
      
      
1067. Violaceous Euphonia  (ph) (*)  ______ BC
      Euphonia violaceea rodwayi
      
      
      
      Above & below: Violaceous Euphonias
      a male (above) and a female (below) 
      (photos by Leroy Tabb)
      
      
      
      
1068. Golden-sided Euphonia  ______
      Euphonia cayennensis
      
      
1069. Plumbeous Euphonia  ______
      Euphonia plumbea
      
      
1070. White-lored Euphonia  ______
      Euphonia chrysopasta
      
      
1071. Hooded Siskin  (ph)  ______
      Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) magellanica
      
      
1072. Red Siskin  (t2)  ______
      Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) cucullata
      
      The Red Siskin, or the "Cardenalito" as it's called in Venezuela, is a rare and endangered species. The bird has been known to occur locally in northern Venezuela and in northern Colombia.
      
      It was very good news for the species when, in 2003, a population of several thousand birds was discovered in southern Guyana, about a thousand kilometers from any previously known population. Otherwise, the global population of the species in the wild has been estimated to be from 600 to 6,000 pairs.
      
      In the early 20th Century, the Red Siskin was common in the foothills of northern Venezuela, but later in the 1900s it became extremely rare there in a fragmented range.
      
      The preferred habitats of the Red Siskin are open country, forest edges, and grasslands with trees or shrubs. 
      Red Siskins are highly gregarious. When they were more numerous, they formed semi-nomadic flocks.
      
      The main reason for the decline of the Red Siskin has been massive illegal trapping for the cage bird trade. Being an attractive finch with a pleasant song is against it, and its unique coloration for a small finch that has enabled it to be used for interbreeding with domesticated Canaries to produce varieties with red in the plumage.
      
      Adult Red Siskins are illustrated in the plates in the "Birds of Venezuela, Second Edition" by Steven Hilty. Immatures are not. Immature females are paler than adult females, and immature males are brown rather than red. 
      
      
1073. Andean Siskin  (*)  ______ AM BA
      Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) s. spinescens
      
      
1074. Yellow-bellied Siskin  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) x. xanthogastra
      
      
1075. Yellow-faced Siskin  (t3)  ______  (birds in Venezuela seem to be escaped cage-birds, from most-likely Brazil)
      Sporagra (formerly Carduelis) yarrellii 
      
      
1076. Lesser Goldfinch  (*)  ______ AT BA CA CR FS
      Astragalinus (or Carduelis) psaltria columbiana 
      
      
1077. Black-and-white Warbler  (*)  ______ AM
      Mniotilta varia  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
      
      
1078. Prothonotary Warbler  (*) (ph)  ______ MB
      Protonotaria citrea  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
      
      
1079. Golden-winged Warbler  (nt) (*)  ______ AM
      Vermivora chrysoptera
      
      
1080. Tennessee Warbler  (ph)  ______
      Oreothlypis (formerly Vermivora)  peregrina
      
      
1081. Northern Parula  (*) (ph)  ______ AT
      Setophaga (formerly Parula) americana
      
      
1082. Tropical Parula  (*) ______ BA BE CR FS
      Setophaga (formerly Parula) pitiayumi
      
      
1083. Yellow Warbler  (*) (ph)  ______ AT BI LL MB
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) aestiva
      
      Some Yellow Warblers that breed further north winter in Venezuela. Two subspecies are resident in Venezuela, in the "Golden Warbler" group: Setophaga aestiva aurifrons in north-central Venezuela and on some offshore islands, and Setophaga aestiva obscura on the Los Rosques Islands.      
      
      
1084. Mangrove Warbler  (ph)  ______
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) erithachorides  
      
      The Mangrove Warbler has been part of the Yellow Warbler (above), and by some it is still considered to be so. 
      
      In all, there are 12 subspecies of the Mangrove Warbler. Three occur in Venezuela, mostly along the northwestern coast of the country: S. e. chrysendeta, S. e. paraguanae, and S. e. cienaqae.
      
      
1085. Chestnut-sided Warbler  (ph)  ______
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) pensylvanica
      
      
1086. Cape May Warbler  ______
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) tigrina
      
      
1087. Black-throated Green Warbler  (ph) ______
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) virens
      
      
1088. Cerulean Warbler  (t3) (*)  ______ AT CR
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) cerulea
      
      
1089. Blackburnian Warbler  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) fusca
      
      
1090. Bay-breasted Warbler  (*)  ______ AT CR
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) castanea
      
      
1091. Blackpoll Warbler  (*) (ph)  ______ CR
      Setophaga (formerly Dendroica) striata
      
      
1092. Northern Waterthrush  (*)  ______ CR FS LL
      Parkesia (formerly Seiurus) noveboracensis  (now said to be monotypic)
      
      
1093. Kentucky Warbler  ______
      Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) formosus
      
      
1094. Mourning Warbler  (*) (ph)   ______ AM AT
      Geothlypis (formerly Oporornis) philadelphia
      
      
1095. Connecticut Warbler  ______
      Oporonis agilis
      
      
1096. Masked Yellowthroat  (*)  ______ LL
      Geothlypis aequinoctialis
      
      
1097. Canada Warbler  (*) (ph)   ______ CR
      Cardellina (formerly Wilsonia) canadensis
      
      
      
      Canada Warbler
      It's called, in English, the Canada Warbler,
      but during much of the year, some are in Venezuela  
      
      
1098. American Redstart  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BA CR LL
      Setophaga ruticilla
      
      
1099. Slate-throated Whitestart (or Redstart) (*)  ______ AM AT BA CR
      Myioborus miniatus ballux
      
      
1100. Golden-fronted Whitestart (or Redstart) (*)  ______ AT
      Myioborus o. ornatus
      
      
1101. White-fronted Whitestart (or Redstart)  (nt) (Ve) (*)  ______ AM AT
      Myioborus albifrons
      
      
1102. Paria Whitestart (or Redstart)  (t2) (Ve)  ______
      Myioborus pariae
      
      
1103. Tepui Whitestart (or Redstart)  (PS)  ______  
      Myioborus castaneocapillus 
      
      The Tepui Whitestart was said to be conspecific with the Brown-capped Whitestart in Bolivia and Argentina.
      
      
1104. Guaiquinima Whitestart (or Redstart)  (nt) (Ve)  ______       
      Myioborus cardonai
      
      The Guaiquinima Whitestart was called the Saffron-breasted Redstart, or Whitestart. It might be a subspecies of the White-faced Whitestart (below). Both the Guaiquinima Whitestart and the White-faced Whitestart might in effect be subspecies of the Tepui Whitestart (above).
      
      
1105. White-faced Whitestart  (or Redstart)  (Ve)  ______     
      Myioborus albifacies   
      
      The White-faced Whitestart might be conspecific with the Guaiquinima Whitestart (above). Both might be subspecies of the Tepui Whitestart (above). All 3 of these whitestarts are isolated on separate tepuis.
      
      
1106. Black-crested Warbler  (*)  ______ AM AT CR
      Basileuterus nigrocristatus
      
      
1107. Citrine Warbler  (*)  ______ AM
      Basileuterus l. luteoviridis
      
      
1108. Flavescent Warbler  (*)  ______ BA
      Basileuterus flaveolus  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
      
      
1109. Roraiman Warbler  (PS) (*)  ______ BE  
      Basileuterus (bivittatus) roraimae
      
      The Roraiman Warbler was part of what was an expanded Two-banded Warbler that is now more-southerly, from southeast Peru to northwest Argentina.   
      
      
1110. Three-striped Warbler  (*)  ______ AM BA CR
      Basileuterus tristriatus besserei
      
      
1111. Stripe-crowned Warbler  (*)  ______ AT CR 
      Basileuterus culicivorus 
      
      The Stripe-crowned Warbler has been called the Golden-crowned Warbler. 
      
      
1112. Gray-headed Warbler  (t2) (Ve)  ______
      Basileuterus griseiceps
      
      
1113. Gray-throated Warbler  (nt)  ______
      Basileuterus cinereicollis
      
      
1114. Russet-crowned Warbler  ______
      Basileuterus coronatus
      
      
1115. Riverside Warbler  ______
      Basileuterus rivularis
      
      
1116. Rose-breasted Chat  ______  (may not be an American Wood Warbler; with its family uncertain)
      Granatellus pelzelni 
      
      
1117. Shiny (or Glossy) Cowbird  (*)  ______ AM BA FS CR
      Molothrus bonariensis
      
      
1118. Giant Cowbird  (*)  ______ AT
      Molothrus oryzivora
      
      
1119. Crested Oropendola  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BA FS LL
      Psarocolius decumanus
      
      
1120. Green Oropendola  (*)  ______ BE
      Psarocolius viridis
      
      
1121. Russet-backed Oropendola  (*)  ______ BA CR
      Psarocolius angustifrons oleagineus
      
      
1122. Olive Oropendola  ______
      Psarocolius yuracares
      
      
1123. Yellow-billed Cacique  ______
      Amblycercus holosericeus
      
      
1124. "Eastern" Yellow-rumped Cacique  (*)  ______ BC LL MB  (considered conspecific with "Western' Yellow-rumped Cacique of northwestern South America & Central America)
      Cacicus (c.) cela
      
      
1125. Red-rumped Cacique  (*)  ______ BE BI
      Cacicus haemorrhous
      
      
1126. Subtropical Cacique  ______
      Cacicus uropygialis
      
      
1127. Northern Mountain Cacique  ______
      Cacicus leucoramphus
      
      
1128. Solitary Cacique  ______
      Cacicus solitarius
      
      
1129. Carib Grackle  (*) (ph)  ______ BI CA CC FS LL MB
      Quiscalus l. lugubris
      
      
1130. Great-tailed Grackle  (ph)  ______
      Quiscalus mexicanus
      
      
1131. Velvet-fronted Grackle  ______
      Lampropsar tanagrinus
      
      
1132. Golden-tufted Mountain Grackle  (PS)   ______  (has also been called Tepui Mountain Grackle)
      Macroagelaius imthurni
      
      
1133. Bobolink  (ph)  ______
      Dolichonyx orzyzivorus
      
      
1134. Yellow-hooded Blackbird  (*)  ______ BI LL MB
      Chrysomus i. icterocephalus
      
      
1135. Moriche Oriole  (*)  ______ BC  (closely related to, and by some considered conspecific with more-southerly Epaulet Oriole)  
      Icterus chrysacephalus
      
      
1136. Orange-crowned Oriole  (*)  ______ BI CR
      Icterus auricapillus  (monotypic)
      
      
1137. Venezuelan Troupial  (*)  ______ FS LL  (formerly a part of a more wide-rainging Troupial, now considered as 3 species in South America)
      Icterus icterus
      
      
1138. Yellow Oriole  (*)  ______ FS LL MB
      Icterus n. nigrogularis
      
      
1139. Yellow-backed Oriole  (*)  ______ AT LL
      Icterus chrysater giraudii
      
      
1140. Yellow-tailed Oriole  ______
      Icterus mesomelas
      
      
1141. Baltimore Oriole  (ph)  ______
      Icterus galbula
      
      
1142. Orchard Oriole  (ph)  ______
      Icterus spurius 
      
      
1143. Oriole Blackbird  (*)  ______ FS LL
      Gymnomystax mexicanus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
      
      
1144. Red-breasted Blackbird  (*)  ______ AM LL
      Sturnella militaris  (monotypic)
      
      
1145. Eastern (or Common) Meadowlark  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BA FS MB
      Sturnella magna paralios
      
      
1146. Bananaquit  (*) (ph)  ______ BA BC CA CC CR LL MB
      Coereba flaveola  (2 subspecies in Venezuela; in all, there are 41 subspecies throughout Latin America & the Caribbean) 
      
      
1147. Yellow-browed Sparrow  (*)  ______ LL
      Myospiza (formerly Ammodramus) aurifrons 
      
      
1148. Grassland Sparrow  (*)  ______ LL
      Myospiza (formerly Ammodramus) humeralis
      
      
1149. Rufous-collared Sparrow  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BA CR 
      Zonotrichia capensis venezuelae  
      
      
1150. Black-striped Sparrow  (*)  ______ BA
      Arremonops conirostris umbrinus
      
      
1151. Tocuyo Sparrow (Vqe) (*)  ______ FS  (quite similar to the Black-striped Sparrow; some geographic range overlap, but range & habitat generally differ)
      Arremonops tocuyensis
      
      
1152. Pectoral Sparrow  (*)  ______ AT
      Arremon taciturnis  
      
      
1153. Golden-winged Sparrow  ______
      Arremon schlegeli
      
      
1154. Chestnut-capped Brush Finch  (*)  ______ CR
      Buarremon brunneinuchus frontalis
      
      
1155. Stripe-headed Brush Finch  ______
      Buarremon torquatus
      
      
1156. Tepui Brush Finch  (PS) (*)  ______ BE
      Atalpetes p. personatus
      
      
1157. Ochre-breasted Brush Finch  (*)  ______ CR
      Atalpetes semirufus denisei
      
      
1158. Slaty Brush Finch  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Atalpetes schistaceus castaneifrons 
      
      
1159. Moustached Brush Finch  (*)  ______ AM
      Atalpetes albofrenatus meridae
      
      
1160. Pale-naped Brush Finch  ______
      Atlapetes pallidinucha
      
      
1161. Rufous-naped Brush Finch  ______
      Atalpetes latinuchus
      
      
1162. Red-capped Cardinal  (*)  ______ LL
      Paroaria gularis  
      
      
1163. Paradise Tanager  (*)  ______ BE
      Tangara chilensis coelicolor
      
      
1164. Green-and-gold Tanager  ______
      Tangara schrankii
      
      
1165. Spotted Tanager  (*)  ______ BE
      Tangara p. punctata
      
      
1166. Speckled Tanager  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BA CR
      Tangara guttata chrysophrys
      
      
1167. Golden Tanager  (*) (ph) ______ BA CR
      Tangara a. arthus 
      
      
1168. Saffron-crowned Tanager  (*)  ______ AM
      Tangara xanthocephala venusta
      
      
1169. Flame-faced Tanager  ______
      Tangara parzudadkii
      
      
1170. Rufous-cheeked Tanager (Ve) (*)  ______ CR
      Tangara rufigenis
      
      
1171. Blue-necked Tanager  (*)  ______ AT BA
      Tangara cyanicollis hannahiae
      
      
1172. Bay-headed Tanager  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BA CR
      Tangara g. gyrola
      
      
1173. Burnished-buff Tanager  (*)  ______ AM AT BC CR LL
      Tangara c. cayana
      
      
1174. Beryl-spangled Tanager  (*)  ______ AT CR
      Tangara nigroviridis cyanescens
      
      
1175. Black-capped Tanager  (*)  ______ AT
      Tangara heinei  (monotypic)
      
      
1176. Black-headed Tanager  (*)  ______ AT
      Tangara c. cyanoptera
      
      
1177. Blue-and-black Tanager  (*)  ______ AM
      Tangara v. vassorii
      
      
1178. Masked Tanager  ______
      Tangara nigrocincta
      
      
1179. Turquoise Tanager  ______
      Tangara mexicana
      
      
1180. Opal-rumped Tanager  ______
      Tangara velia
      
      
1181. Yellow-bellied Tanager  ______
      Tangara xanthogastra
      
      
1182. Dotted Tanager  ______
      Tangara varia
      
      
1183. Orange-eared Tanager  ______
      Chlorochrysa calliparaea
      
      
1184. Fawn-breasted Tanager  (*)  ______ AM BA CR
      Pipraeidea melanonota venezuelensis
      
      
1185. Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager  ______
      Dubusia taeniata 
      
      
1186. Lacrimose Mountain Tanager  (*)  ______ AT
      Anisognathus lacrymosus melanops
      
      
1187. Blue-winged Mountain Tanager  (*)  ______ CR
      Anisognathus somptuosus venezuelanus
      
      
1188. Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager  ______
      Anisognathus igniventris
      
      
1189. Hooded Mountain Tanager  (ph)   ______
      Buthraupis montana
      
      
      
      Hooded Mountain Tanager
      
      
1190. Black-chested Mountain Tanager  ______
      Buthraupis eximia
      
      
1191. Blue-backed Tanager  ______
      Cyanicterus cyanicterus
      
      
1192. Blue-gray Tanager  (*)  ______ all regions
      Thraupis episcopus 
      
      
1193. Glaucous Tanager (Vqe) (*)  ______ FS
      Thraupis glaucocolpa
      
      
1194. Palm Tanager  (*)  ______ AM AT BA BC CR
      Thraupis palmarum melanoptera
      
      
1195. Blue-capped Tanager  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
      Thraupis cyanocephala  (5 subspecies in Venezuela) 
      
      
1196. Silver-beaked Tanager  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT LL CR
      Ramphocelus carbo venezuelensis
      
      
1197. Crimson-backed Tanager  (*)  ______ AM AT MB
      Ramphocelus d. dimidiatus
      
      
1198. Tooth-billed Tanager  (*)  ______ AT CR  (has been part of a more-widespread Hepatic Tanager; includes the "Blood-red Tanager" of the Tepuis)   
      Piranga lutea 
      
      
1199. Summer Tanager  (*)  ______ AT
      Piranga r. rubra
      
      
1200. Scarlet Tanager  (ph)   ______
      Piranga olivacea
      
      
1201. White-winged Tanager  (*)  ______ CR
      Piranga leucoptera venezuelae
      
      
1202. Red-crowned Ant Tanager  (*) (ph)  ______ BA CR
      Habia rubica crissalis
      
      
1203. Fulvous Shrike-Tanager  (*)  ______ BE
      Lanio f. fulvus
      
      
1204. White-lined Tanager  (*)  ______ AM BA BC CR
      Tachyphonus rufus
      
      
1205. Flame-crested Tanager  ______
      Tachyphonus cristatus
      
      
1206. Fulvous-crested Tanager  (*)  ______ BE
      Tachyphonus s. surinamus
      
      
1207. White-shouldered Tanager  (*)  ______ BA BC
      Tachyphonus l. luctuosus
      
      
1208. Red-shouldered Tanager  (*)  ______ BE
      Tachyphonus phoenicius
      
      
1209. Gray-headed Tanager  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
      Eucometis penicillata cristata  (1 of 2 subspecies in Venezuela)  (the single member of its genus)
      
      
1210. Olive-backed Tanager  (PS)  ______
      Mitrospingus oleagineus
      
      
1211. Hooded Tanager  (*)  ______ AM FS
      Nemosia pileata hypoleuca
      
      
1212. Rosy Thrush-Tanager  (*)  ______ CA
      Rhodinocichla rosea  (the single member of its genus) 
      
      
1213. Yellow-backed Tanager  ______
      Hemithraupis flavicollis
      
      
1214. Guira Tanager  (*)  ______ BA CR
      Hemithraupis guira nigrigula
      
      
1215. Fulvous-headed Tanager  (*)  ______ CA CR
      Thlypopsis f. fulviceps
      
      
1216. Orange-headed Tanager  ______
      Thlypopsis sordida
      
      
1217. Black-capped Hemispingus  (*)  ______ AT
      Hemispingus a. atropileus
      
      
1218. Superciliaried Hemispingus  ______
      Hemispingus superciliaris
      
      
1219. Oleaginous Hemispingus  (*)  ______ CR
      Hemispingus frontalis
      
      
1220. Gray-capped Hemispingus  (nt) (Ve) (*) ______ BA
      Hemispingus reyi
      
      
1221. Slaty-backed Hemispingus  (t3)  ______
      Hemispingus goeringi 
      
      
1222. Gray-hooded Bush Tanager  ______
      Cnemoscopus rubrirostris
      
      
1223. Common Bush Tanager  (*)  ______ AT BA CR
      Chlorospinus ophthalmicus jacqueti
      
      
1224. Ashy-throated Bush Tanager  ______
      Chlorospingus canigularis 
      
      
1225. White-capped Tanager  ______
      Sericossypha albocristata
      
      
1226. Magpie Tanager  (ph)  ______
      Cissopis leveriana
      
      
1227. Black-faced Tanager  (*)  ______ BA
      Schistochlamys melanops aterrima
      
      
1228. Swallow-Tanager  (*) (ph)  ______ AM CR
      Tersina viridis occidentalis  (the single member of its genus)
      
      
1229. Blue Dacnis  (*)  ______ BA BC 
      Dacnis c. cayana  
      
      
1230. Black-faced Dacnis  ______
      Dacnis lineata
      
      
1231. Yellow-bellied Dacnis  ______
      Dacnis flaviventer
      
      
1232. White-bellied Dacnis  ______
      Dacnis albiventris
      
      
1233. Purple Honeycreeper  (*)  ______ BE CR
      Cyanerpes caeruleus microrhynchus
      
      
1234. Short-billed Honeycreeper  ______
      Cyanerpes nitidus
      
      
1235. Red-legged Honeycreeper  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BC 
      Cyanerpes cyaneus eximius
      
      
1236. Green Honeycreeper  (*) (ph)  ______ BA BE BI CR
      Chlorophanes spiza  (2 subspecies in Venezuela)
      Chlorophanes s. spiza  (most of VE)
      Chlorophanes spiza subtropicalis  (west VE)
      
      
1237. Chestnut-vented Conebill  ______
      Conirostrum speciosum
      
      
1238. White-eared Conebill  ______
      Conirostrum leucogenys
      
      
1239. Bicolored Conebill  ______
      Conirostrum bicolor
      
      
1240. Blue-backed Conebill  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Conirostrum sitticolor intermedium
      
      
1241. Capped Conebill  (*)  ______ AT
      Conirostrum albifrons cyanonotum
      
      
1242. Rusty Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Diglossa sittoides dorbignyi
      
      
1243. Glossy Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ AM
      Diglossa l. lafresnayii
      
      
1244. White-sided Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ BA AM AT CR
      Diglossa a. albilatera
      
      
1245. Merida Flowerpiercer (Ve) (*)  ______ AM AT  (formerly part of the Coal-black Flower-piercer, split into 3 or 4 species) 
      Diglossa gloriosa
      
      
1246. Black Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ AT
      Diglossa h. humeralis
      
      
1247. Greater Flowerpiercer  (PS)  ______
      Diglossa major
      
      
1248. Scaled Flowerpiercer  ______
      Diglossa duidae
      
      
1249. Venezuelan Flowerpiercer  (t2) (Ve)  ______
      Diglossa venezuelensis
      
      
1250. Bluish Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Diglossopis caerulescens saturata
      
      
1251. Masked Flowerpiercer  (*)  ______ AM AT
      Diglossopis c. cyanea 
      
      
1252. Gray Pileated Finch  (*)  ______ FS  (formerly called Pileated Finch)
      Coryphospingus pileatus  
      
      
1253. Slaty Finch  ______
      Haplospiza rustica
      
      
1254. Sooty Grassquit  (*)  ______ CA
      Tiaris fuliginosus fumosus
      
      
1255. Black-faced Grassquit  (*) (ph)  ______ CA FS LL
      Tiaris bicolor omissa
      
      
1256. Yellow-faced Grassquit  ______
      Tiaris olivacea
      
      
1257. Dull-colored Grassquit  ______  (was called Dull-colored Seedeater) 
      Tiaris obscura
      
      
1258. Paramo Seedeater  (*)  ______ AM
      Catamenia homochroa duncani
      
      
1259. Plain-colored Seedeater  (*)  ______ AM
      Catamenia inornata minor
      
      
1260. White-naped Seedeater  ______
      Dolospingus fringilloides 
      
      
1261. Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch  (*) ______  LL  (formerly considered conspecific with what's now Thick-billed Seed-Finch, Oryzoborus funereus, of Central America; was collectively called Lesser Seed-Finch)
      Oryzoborus maximiliani 
      
      
1262. Large-billed Seed Finch (nt) (*)  ______ LL
      Oryzoborus crassirostris  (monotypic)
      
      
1263. Great-billed Seedeater  ______
      Oryzoborus maximiliani
      
      
1264. Lined Seedeater  (*)  ______ BC LL
      Sporophila lineola  (monotypic)
      
      
1265. Lesson's Seedeater  (*)  ______ BE LL
      Sporophila bouvronides
      
      
1266. Black-and-white Seedeater  (*)  ______ AM  
      Sporophila luctuosa   
      
      
1267. Gray Seedeater  (*)  ______ AM AT LL
      Sporophila i. intermedia
      
      
1268. Plumbeous Seedeater  (*)  ______ BE
      Sporophila plumbea
      
      
1269. Yellow-bellied Seedeater  (*)  ______ AT CA CR
      Sporophila nigricollis
      
      
1270. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater  (*) (ph)  ______ AM BC FS LL MB
      Sporophila minuta
      
      
      
      
      Ruddy-breasted Seedeater
      (photo by Marie Gardner)
      
      
1271. Chestnut-bellied Seedeater  ______
      Sporophila castaneiventris
      
      
1272. Slate-colored Seedeater  ______
      Sporophila schistacea
      
      
1273. Wing-barred Seedeater  ______
      Sporophila americana
      
      
1274. Blue-black Grassquit  (*)  ______ AM BA CA LL
      Volatinia jacarina  (the single member of its genus)
      
      
1275. Plumbeous Sierra Finch  ______
      Phrygilus unicolor
      
      
1276. Grassland Yellow Finch  (*)  ______ LL
      Sicalis l. luteola
      
      
1277. Saffron Finch  (*) (ph)  ______ AM AT BA CA FS LL
      Sicalis f. flaveola
      
      
1278. Orange-fronted Yellow Finch  (*)  ______ LL
      Sicalis c. columbiana
      
      
1279. Stripe-tailed Yellow Finch  (*)  ______ BE
      Sicalis citrina browni 
      
      
1280. Plumbeous Sierra Finch  (*)  ______ AM
      Phrygilus unicolor nivarius
      
      
1281. Wedge-tailed Grass Finch  (*) (ph)  ______ LL
      Emberizoides herbicola 
      
      
      
      
      Wedge-tailed Grass Finch
      (photo by Marie Gardner)
      
      
1282. Duida Grass Finch  (nt)  ______
      Emberizoides duidae
      
      
1283. Plushcap  (*)  ______ CR  (has also been called Plush-capped Finch)
      Catamblyrhynchus diadema  (the single member of its genus)
      
      
1284. Dickcissel  (*)  ______ LL
      Spiza americana  (the single member of its genus; now in the family Cardinalidae with Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Saltators, and New World Buntings) 
      
      
1285. Vermilion Cardinal  (*)  ______ FS
      Cardinalis phoeniceus  (monotypic) 
      
      
1286. Buff-throated Saltator  (*)  ______ AM BA BC CA CR LL
      Saltator m. maximus
      
      
1287. "Southern" Grayish Saltator  (*)  ______  AM CR FS LL  (The South American population east of the Andes may be distinct enough from birds west of the Andes & in Central America to be considered a separate species.)
      Saltator coerulescens brewsteri
      
      
1288. Orinocan Saltator  (Vqe) (*)  ______ FS LL
      Saltator o. orenocensis
      
      
1289. Streaked Saltator  (*)  ______ AM AT CA
      Saltator striatipectus perstriatus
      
      
1290. Slate-colored Grosbeak  (*)  ______ BE
      Saltator g. grossus  (genus Pitylus merged into Saltator)
      
      
1291. Red-and-black Grosbeak  ______
      Periporphyrys erythromelas
      
      
1292. Yellow-green Grosbeak  (*)  ______ BE
      Caryothraustes c. canadensis
      
      
1293. Rose-breasted Grosbeak  (*) (ph)  ______ AM
      Pheucticus ludovicianus
      
      
1294. Southern Yellow Grosbeak  (*)  ______ FS
      Pheucticus chrysogaster laubmanni
      
      
1295. Black-backed Grosbeak  ______
      Pheuticus aureoventris
      
      
1296. Blue-black Grosbeak  (*)  ______ BE CR
      Cyanocompsa cyanoides
      
      
1297. Ultramarine Grosbeak  (*)  ______ CA FS
      Cyanocompsa brissonii