MEXICO BIRDS

Tinamous to Shorebirds

those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours 
noted with an (*)



Part 1 of a List of Mexico Birds, 
with some photos,
compiled by Armas Hill 

PHOTO AT UPPER RIGHT: a ROSEATE SPOONBILL
photographed during a FONT tour 


Links:

Part #2 of this list of Mexico Birds: Jaegers to Woodpeckers

Part #3 of this list of Mexico Birds: Manakins to Buntings

ALSO IN PART 3:   Pelagics, Vagrants & Rarities, Hypotheticals, and Extinct Birds or those presumed to be so.


Cumulatively, there have been 12 FONT birding & nature tours in Mexico. 

Codes:

a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
              (t1): critical   (t2): endangered   (t3): vulnerable
(nt):    a near-threatened species globally.
(i):      an introduced species.

The birds in the list below are coded as to their status IN MEXICO:
(MX1):  endangered
(MX2):  threatened
(MX3):  of special concern (or near threatened)

(MXe):  a species endemic to Mexico

(ph):  species with a photo in this FONT web-site


In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the Mexican region & the months are noted.  

BC:   in Baja California
CZ:   on Cozumel Island
SN:   in Sonora
YP:   on & near the Yucatan Peninsula
lower-case letters indicate that the species occurs in the region, but not found (yet) during a FONT tour   


A fine book, "Jungle of the Maya" has recently been published (in 2006) by the University of Texas Press. In it, there some very good photographs of wildlife in Belize, and in nearby Guatemala & Mexico. In the following lists, pages in that book with photos of particular species are referred to with a (p. xx)       

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Central America & Mexico

Birds of Cozumel Island, Mexico     Birds of Sonora, Mexico     Birds of the Yucatan region of Mexico

Mammals of Mexico  (with some photos)

Amphibians & Reptiles of Mexico  (with some photos)

Butterflies of Mexico  (with some photos)     Marine Life of the Yucatan, Mexico  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website

 Bird-List:

1. Great Tinamou  (nt) (MX3) (*)  ______  YP:nov,jun
   Tinamus major 
   Tinamus m. robustus  (subspecies in southeast Mexico)
   Tinamus m. percautus  (subspecies in southern Mexico) 
   
   
2. Little Tinamou  (MX3) (*)  ______  
   Crypturellus soui
   
   
3. Slaty-breasted Tinamou  (MX3) (*) ______  YP:mar,nov,jun  
   Crypturellus boucardi
   
   Another name for Crypturellus bouccardi has been the "Boucard's Tinamou".
   
   
4. Thicket Tinamou  (*) ______  YP:mar,nov,jun 
   Crypturellus cinnamomeus  (6 subspecies in Mexico)
   
   
5. Plain Chachalaca  (*) (ph)  ______  YP:mar,nov,jun
   Ortalis vetula 
   Ortalis v. pallidventris  (subspecies endemic to northern Yucatan)
   Ortalis v. intermedia  (subspecies in the southern Yucatan)
   
   
   
   Plain Chachalaca
   (photo by Dick Tipton)
   
   
6. Rufous-bellied Chachalaca  ______ (MXe)  sn   
   Ortalis wagleri
   
   The Rufous-bellied Chachalaca has been called the "Wagler's Chachalaca". It was conspecific with the West Mexican Chachalaca (below).
   
   
7. West Mexican Chachalaca  (*)  ______ (MXe)
   Ortalis poliocephala
   
   
8. White-bellied Chachalaca  (MX3)  ______   
   Ortalis leucogastra  (monotypic)
   
   
9. Crested Guan  (MX2) (*) (ph)  ______  YP:nov  (p. 47)
   Penelope purpurascens
   
   
   
   A Crested Guan photographed during a FONT tour 
   (photo by Marie Gardner)
   
   
10. Highland Guan  (t3) (MX2)  ______   
    Penelopina nigra  
    
    
11. Horned Guan  (t2) (MX1) (ph)  ______  
    Oreophasis derbianus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    The global population of the Horned Guan was estimated to be less than 1,000 birds in the 1970s. It is said to have declined since.  
    
      
    
    Horned Guan
    (This photo was taken during a FONT tour in Guatemala)
    
    
12. Great Curassow  (t3) (MX2) (*) ______  cz  YP:jun,nov   (p. 47)
    Crax rubra
    Crax r. griscomi  (very rare subspecies endemic to Cozumel Is.)  (MX1)  _____ 
    Crax r. rubra  (subspecies elsewhere in its range) _____
    
    
13. Long-tailed Wood Partridge  (MX3)  _____ 
    Dendrortyx macroura
    
    
14. Bearded Wood Partridge  (t3) (MX1)  ______ (MXe)
    Dendrortyx barbatus
    
    
15. Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge  (MX2)  ______ 
    Dendrortyx leucophyrs
    
    
16. Spotted Wood Quail  (MX3)  ______ 
    Odontophorus guttatus  (monotypic)
    
    
17. Singing Quail ______ (MX3)
    Dactylortyx thoracicus dolichonyx  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
18. Montezuma Quail (*)  _____ (MX3)   SN:jan
    Crytonyx montezumae
    Crytonyx m. mearnsi  (has been called "Mearn's Quail"; this subspecies in northwest Mexico & southwest US) _____
    Crytonyx m. montezumae  (north & central Mexico) _____
    Crytonyx m. merriami  (on Mt. Orizaba in Veracruz) _____
    Crytonyx m. sallei  ("Salle's Quail", in southwest Mexico) _____ (MX2)
    Crytonyx m. rowleyi  (in Oaxaca; this subspecies described in 1966) _____
    
    
19. Ocellated Quail (nt) ______ (MX2)   (closely related to Montezuma Quail, Cytonyx montezumae, of North America)
    Cytonyx ocellatus  (monotypic)
    
    
20. Northern Bobwhite  (*) ______
    Colinus virginianus  (with 15 subspecies; more in Mexico than for any other bird)
    Colinus v. ridgwayi  "Masked Bobwhite" ______ (MX1)  sn
    
    
21. Yucatan Bobwhite  (*) ______  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec  (has also been called Black-throated Bobwhite)
    Colinus nigrogularis  (3 of the 4 subspecies are in Mexico; the other in Guatemala & Honduras) 
    
    
22. Banded Quail  (*) _____
    Philotyx fasciatus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
23. Scaled Quail _____  sn
    Callipepla squamata
    
    
24. Elegant Quail (*)  _____  (MXe)  SN:jan.sep  (has been called "Douglas Quail")
    Callipepla douglasii
    
    
25. Gambel's Quail (*)  _____  SN:jan.aug,sep
    Callipepla gambelii
    
    
26. California Quail _____  bc
    Callipepla californica
    
    
27. Mountain Quail _____ bc
    Oreortyx pistus
    
    
28. Ocellated Turkey  (*) (ph)  ______  (nt) (MX2)  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 12 & 117)
    Meleagris ocellata  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    An Ocellated Turkey photographed during a FONT tour 
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
     
29. Wild Turkey  (*) (ph)  _____  (MX3)  SN:jan,sep
    Meleagris gallopavo
    Meleagris g. gallopavo  (this subspecies in west-central Mexico, the nominate described by Linneas in 1758) _____  
    Meleagris g. intermedia  (northeast Mexico)
    Meleagris g. merriami  (northwest Mexico & southwest US) 
    Meleagris g. mexicana  (northwest & north-central Mexico; this subspecies known as the "Gould's Wild Turkey", with rectrices and upper tail coverts tipped with white rather than cinnamon or buff) (SEE PHOTO OF FEATHER BELOW)  
    
    
    
    A feather of a "Gould's Wild Turkey" found during the FONT tour
    in Sonora, Mexico in September 2008
    (photo by Doris Potter) 
     
    
30. Fulvous Whistling Duck _____  sn  (another name has been Fulvous Tree Duck)
    Dendrocygna bicolor
    
    
31. Black-bellied Whistling-Duck  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:mar,jun  sn  YP:jun,nov 
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis
    
    The Black-belled Whistling Duck has been called the Black-bellied Tree Duck.
    
    
    
    Black-bellied Whistling Ducks photographed on Cozumel Island during the FONT March 2009 Mexico Tour 
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
32. Tundra Swan ______ (MX1)
    Cygnus columbianus
    
    
33. Greater White-fronted Goose _____  sn  (was called White-fronted Goose)
    Anser albifrons
    
    
34. Snow Goose _____  sn
    Chen (formerly Anser) caerulescens
    
    
35. Ross's Goose _____  sn
    Chen (formerly Anser) rossii
    
    
36. Brant Goose  (*) _____  (MX2)  SN:jan  (has been simply "Brant", or "Black Brant")
    Branta bernicla nigricans
    
    
37. Canada Goose _____  sn
    Branta canadensis
    
    
38. Cackling Goose _____  sn
    Branta hutchinsii
    
    
39. Muscovy Duck ______  (MX1)  yp
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
40. Wood Duck  (ph)  _____ 
    Aix sponsa
    
    
41. Green-winged Teal  (*) (ph)  _____  SN:jan
    Anas carolinensis
    
    
42. Mallard  (ph)  _____  sn
    Anas platyrhynchos
    
    
43. Mexican Duck (*)  _____  (MX2)  SN:jan,aug,sep  (was considered conspecific with the Mallard)
    Anas diazi
    
    
44. Mottled Duck  (*)  ______  (MX2)
    Anas fulvigula
    
    
45. Northern Pintail  (*) (ph)  _____  cz  sn
    Anas acuta
    
    
46. Blue-winged Teal  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:mar,dec  sn  YP:mar,nov
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    Blue-winged Teal
    
    
47. Cinnamon Teal  (*) _____  sn
    Anas cyanoptera
    
    
48. Northern Shoveler  (*) (ph)  _____  SN:jan  YP:nov
    Anas clypeata
    
    
49. Gadwall  (*) (ph)   _____  SN:jan,aug
    Anas strepera
    
    
50. American Wigeon  (*) ______  sn
    Anas americana  (monotypic)
    
    
51. Canvasback  (*) _____  sn
    Aythya valisineria
    
    
52. Redhead _____  sn
    Aythya americana
    
    
53. Ring-necked Duck  (*) _____  cz  SN:jan
    Aythya collaris
    
    
54. Greater Scaup _____ bc  sn
    Aythya marila
    
    
55. Lesser Scaup  (*) (ph)  _____ cz  SN:jan  yp
    Aythya affinis
    
    
    
    A male Lesser Scaup photographed in Mexico.
    There are 2 species of scaup. The Lesser Scaup occurs only in the New World.  
    (photo by Abram Fleishman)
    
    
56. Black Scoter _____ bc  
    Melanitta americana
    
    The Black Scoter was conspecific with the Common Scoter, Melanitta nigra, of Europe.
    
    
57. Surf Scoter ______ bc  SN:jan
    Melanitta perspicillata
    
    
58. White-winged Scoter _____ bc  sn  
    Melanitta deglandi 
    
    The White-winged Scoter was conspecific with the Velvet Scoter, Melanitta fusca, of Europe.
    
    
59. Common Goldeneye _____  sn
    Bucephala clangula
    
    
60. Bufflehead  (*) _____   SN:jan
    Bucephala albeola
    
    
61. Hooded Merganser _____  sn
    Lophodytes (formerly Mergus) cucullatus
    
    
62. Common Merganser _____  sn
    Mergus merganser americanus
    
    
63. Red-breasted Merganser  (*)  _____  cz  SN:jan
    Mergus serrator
    
    
64. Ruddy Duck  (*) _____  SN:jan
    Oxyura jamaicensis
    
    
65. Masked Duck ______ (MX2)   cz  yp
    Nomonyx  (formerly Oxyura) dominicus
    
    
66. Red-throated Loon _____ bc
    Gavia stellata
    
    
67. Pacific Loon  (*) _____ bc  SN:jan  
    Gavia pacifica
    
    
68. Common Loon  (*) _____  bc  SN:jan  
    Gavia immer
    
    
69. Black Storm Petrel  (*)  _____  SN:aug
    Oceanodroma melania
    
    
70. Least Grebe  (MX3) (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)   CZ:mar,jun  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Tachybaptus dominicus brachypterus
    
    
    
    Least Grebe
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
71. Pied-billed Grebe  (*) ______ CZ:dec  SN:jan  YP:mar,nov
    Podilymbus p. podiceps
    
    
72. Horned Grebe  (*) (ph)  _____ bc  SN:jan
    Podiceps auritus cornutus
    
    
    
    A Horned Grebe in non-breeding plumage
    (photo by Kim Steininger)
    
    
73. Black-necked Grebe  (*) (ph)  _____   SN:jan  
    Podiceps nigricollis californicus
    
    Another name for Podiceps nigricollis is the Black-necked Grebe.
    
    
    
    Eared (or Black-necked) Grebe
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
74. Western Grebe  (*) (ph)  _____  SN:jan
    Aechmophorus occidentalis ephemeralis  (south-central & west central Mexico)
    
    
    
    Western Grebe
    
    
75. Clark's Grebe _____  sn
    Aechmophorus c. clarkii  (north & central Mexico)
    
    
76. American Flamingo  (MX2) (*) (ph)   _____  CZ:dec  YP:mar,jun,nov  
    Phoenicopterus ruber  (monotypic)
    
    Phoenicopterus ruber has been considered conspecific with the Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus, of the Old World.
    
    Along the northern & western coasts of the Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, there are thousands of American Flamingos.
    They nest in the late spring and summer in and near the Rio Lagartos Special Biosphere Reserve. Many of them spend the winter a couple hundred kilometers to the west, as the flamingo would fly, at the Rio Celestun Special Biosphere Reserve.
    
    The Mexican population of the American Flamingo is considered fairly healthy, having risen from a low of between 8,000 and 12,000 individuals in the 1970s (when the Rio Lagartos & Rio Celestun Reserves were created), to about 26,000 birds in the mid-1980s. Hurricane Gibert, in 1988, was a setback to this population growth, but the flamingos have since recovered. 
    
    
    
    American Flamingo
    
    During the FONT tour in the Yucatan of Mexico in November 2008,
    we saw thousands of these birds - at least twenty thousand of them.  
    
    
77. Jabiru  (MX1) (*) (ph)  ______  YP:nov
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic) 
    
    
    
    
    Above & below: the Jabiru 
    The bird below was found in southern Mexico during our FONT tour in November 2008
    (photo by Peter Mooney)
    
    
    
    
    
78. Wood Stork  (MX3)  (*) (ph)  ______  sn  YP:jun,nov
    Mycteria americana  (monotypic) 
    
    
    
    Wood Stork
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
79. American White Ibis  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:mar,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    American White Ibis
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
80. Glossy Ibis  (*) (ph)  _____  cz  YP:mar,jun
    Plegadis falcinellus  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    Glossy Ibis
    
    
81. White-faced Ibis  (*) (ph)  _____  sn
    Plegadis chihi  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    White-faced Ibis
    (photo by Alex Tongas)
    
    
82. Roseate Spoonbill  (*) (ph)   ______   CZ:mar,dec  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Platalea (formerly Ajaia) ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    Roseate Spoonbill
    
    
83. Great Blue Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  CZ:mar  SN:jan,aug,sep  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Ardea herodia
    Ardea h. herodia _____
    Ardea h. santilucdae _____ (MX3)
    
    
    "Great White Heron"  (*)  _____  cz  YP:mar,jun,nov  (a color morph of the Great Blue Heron) (rare in Mexico)
    Ardea h. occidentalis
    
    
84. Great Egret  (*)  ______  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 71)
    Ardea (formerly Casmerodius) alba egretta
    
    
85. Little Blue Heron  (*)  ______  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 64)
    Egretta caerulea  (monotypic)
    
    
86. Snowy Egret  (*) ______  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Egretta thula  (both subspecies in Mexico)
    
    
87. Tricolored Heron  (*) ______  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov  (was at one time called Louisiana Heron)
    Egretta tricolor  
    
    
88. Reddish Egret  (MX3) (*) (ph)   ______ (MX3)  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Egretta rufescens
    
    
    
    A dark morph of the Reddish Egret
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
89. Western Cattle Egret  (*) ______  CZ:mar,dec  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec  (p. 74-75)
    Bubulcus ibis
    
    
90. Green Heron  (*)  ______ CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov  (was at one time considered conspecific with the nearly-cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called Green-backed Heron) 
    Butorides virescens
    
    
91. Agami Heron ______ (MX3)  yp  (p. 11)  (has also been called Chestnut-bellied Heron; one of the world's most beautiful herons, and one of the most rarely seen) 
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
92. Black-crowned Night Heron  (*)  ______ CZ:jun  SN:aug  YP:mar,nov
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
93. Yellow-crowned Night Heron  (MX2)  (*) (ph)  ______  CZ:mar,dec  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 70)
    Nyctanassa v. violacea  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    A Yellow-crowned Night Heron photographed in Mexico
    (photo by Abram Fleishman)
    
    
94. Boat-billed Heron  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:jun  YP:mar,jun
    Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
95. Bare-throated Tiger Heron  (MX3)  (*) (ph)  ______  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 70)
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    A juvenile Bare-throated Tiger Heron photographed in Mexico
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
96. Pinnated Bittern  (*) (ph)  ______  YP:mar  (p. 103)
    Botaurus pinnatus
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Two photos of a Pinnated Bittern during the March 2009 FONT tour in southern Mexico
    (the upper photo by Marie Gardner; the lower photo through a telescope by Dianne Smalley)
    
    
97. American Bittern  (MX2)  ______  sn  yp
    Botaurus lentiginosus
    
    
98. Least Bittern  (*) (ph)  ______  cz  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Ixobrychus exilis
    
    
    
    Least Bittern
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
99. Magnificent Frigatebird  (*) (ph)   ______ CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
    
    A Magnificent Frigatebird photographed during the FONT Sonora, Mexico tour at the Sea of Cortez 
    in August 2010 
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
100. American White Pelican  (*) (ph)   ______  SN:jan  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Pelecanus erythrorhynchos  (monotypic)
     
     
101. Brown Pelican  (*) (ph)  ______ bc  CZ:mar,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Pelecanus occidentalis 
     Pelecanus o. carolinensis  _____  (subspecies in eastern Mexico) 
     Pelecanus o. californicus  _____  (subspecies in western Mexico)
     
     
     
     Above: Brown Pelicans in Sonora, Mexico along the coast of the Sea of Cortez
     Below: a closer look at the subspecies in Sonora, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus,
     with its bright red gular pouch in breeding plumage.   
     (photos by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
     
     
     
102. Northern Gannet  (ph)  _____
     Morus bassanus
     
     
103. Masked Booby _____
     Sula dactylatra
     
     
104. Nazca Booby  (ph)  _____ bc  sn  (was conspecific with the Masked Booby)
     Sula granti
     
     
105. Blue-footed Booby  (*) (ph)  _____  SN:jan,aug
     Sula n. nebouxii
     
     
     
     Above: A Blue-footed Booby by the Sea of Cortez in Sonora;
     Below: A group of Blue-footed Boobies during the FONT tour in Sonora in August 2010    
     (upper photo by Abram Fleishman; lower photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
     
     
106. Red-footed Booby  (ph)  _____  
     Sula sula
     
     Color morphs of the Red-footed Booby are white and brown; and intermediate. There's a "white-tailed brown morph". In the Caribbean, only the white and the white-tailed brown morphs occur.
     
     
107. Brown Booby  (*) (ph)  _____  cz  SN:aug
     Sula leucogaster   
     
     
     
     A Brown Booby during the FONT August 2010 tour at the Sea of Cortez in Sonora, Mexico.
     This bird of the race Sula leucogaster brewsteri.
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
108. Neotropic Cormorant  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov 
     Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus  (formerly Phalacrocorax olivaceous)
     
     The Neotropic Cormorant was called the Olivaceous Cormorant.
     
     
109. Double-crested Cormorant  (*) (ph)   ______ CZ:jun  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus
     
     
110. Brandt's Cormorant _____ bc  sn
     Phalacrocorax penicillatus
     
     
111. Pelagic Cormorant _____ bc  
     Leucocarbo pelagicus resplendens 
     
     The Pelagic Cormorant has also been called the Pelagic Shag.
     
     
112. Anhinga  (*) (ph)   ______ CZ:mar,jun  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Anhinga anhinga leucogaster
     
     
     
     A male Anhinga photographed on Cozumel Island during the FONT March 2009 Mexico Tour.
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     Below, a female Anhinga.
     (photo by Alan Brady) 
     
     
     
     
     
113. King Vulture  (MX1) (*) (ph)  ______  YP:mar  (p. 105)
     Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     An adult King Vulture. Below, during the March 2009 FONT Tour in southern Mexico
     (photo, through a telescope, by Dianne Smalley)
     
     
     
     
     
114. Black Vulture (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan.aug,sep  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec
     Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic)  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     Black Vulture
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
115. Turkey Vulture (*) (ph)  ______ bc  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug,sep  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec
     Cathartes aura   
     
     
116. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture  (*) (ph)  ______ YP:mar,jun,nov  (has also been called Savanna Vulture)
     Cathartes burrovianus
     
     
     
     A Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner) 
     
     
117. Northern Crested Caracara  (*) (ph)  ______ bc  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov 
     Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
     
     The Northern Crested Caracara was conspecific with what is now the Southern Caracara, Caracara plancus, of South America generally south of the Amazon.  
     
     The Guadalupe Caracara, Caracara lutosus, now extinct, is said by some to have been a subspecies of the Northern Crested Caracara. It is included in the following List of Extinct Birds - in part 2 of this overall list. 
     
     
     
     Northern Crested Caracara
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
118. Laughing Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 23)
     Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
119. Barred Forest Falcon  (*)  ______ (MX3)  YP:jun
     Micrastur ruficollis 
     
     
120. Collared Forest Falcon  (*)  ______ (MX3)   YP:jun,nov
     Micrastur semitorquatus naso
     
     
121. American Kestrel  (*) (ph)  ______ cz  SN:jan,aug,sep  YP:mar,nov,dec  
     Falco sparverius 
     
     
122. Merlin  (ph)  _____  bc  cz  sn  yp
     Falco columbarius
     
     
123. Aplomado Falcon  (ph)  ______ (MX2)  sn  yp
     Falco femoralis
     
     
124. Bat Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ CZ:dec  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec  (p. 99)
     Falco rufigularis 
     
     
     
     A Bat Falcon photographed during a FONT tour in Mexico
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
125. Orange-breasted Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______  (nt) (MX1)  YP:nov
     Falco deiroleucus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Orange-breasted Falcon 
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
126. Peregrine Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ (MX3)  bc  CZ:mar  sn  YP:mar,nov
     Falco peregrinus  
     
     
     
     A Peregrine Falcon at salt flats along the northern Yucatan coast
     during the March 2009 FONT Mexico Tour. 
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
127. Prairie Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______ (MX2)  bc  SN:jan
     Falco mexicanus
     
      
128. Osprey  (*) (ph)  ______  bc  CZ:mar,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Pandion haliaetus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     2 photographs of Ospreys in Sonora, Mexico along the coast of the Sea of Cortez
     as seen during our FONT tour in January 2009, 
     (photos by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
129. Swallow-tailed Kite  (ph) ______  (MX3)  cz  yp
     Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
130. White-tailed Kite  (*) (ph)   ______  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Elanus leucurus majusculus
     
     
131. Gray-headed Kite______  (MX3)  YP:mar 
     Leptodon cayanensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Another name for Leptodon cayanensis has been Cayenne Kite.
     
     
132. Hook-billed Kite______  (MX3)  cz  yp
     Chondrohierax uncinatus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
133. Plumbeous Kite  (*) ______ (MX2)  YP:mar,jun
     Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
134. Mississippi Kite ______  (MX3)
     Ictinia mississippiensis  (monotypic)
     
     
135. Snail Kite  (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Rostrhamus sociabilis
     
     
136. Double-toothed Kite ______  (MX3)  yp
     Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
     
     
137. Bald Eagle  (ph)  ______  (MX1)  sn
     Haliaeetus l. leucocephalus
     
     
138. Northern Harrier  (*) (ph)  _____  bc  SN:jan  yp
     Circus cyaneus hudsonius
     
     
139. Sharp-shinned Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  (MX3)  SN:jan  yp
     Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that either migrates thru or winters in Mexico)
     
     
140. White-breasted Hawk______   
     Accipiter chionogaster
     
     The White-breasted Hawk has been considered a subspecies of the Sharp-shinned Hawk. 
     
     
141. Cooper's Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)  bc  SN:sep  YP:mar
     Accipiter cooperii  (monotypic)
     
     
142. Bicolored Hawk______ (MX2)  yp
     Accipiter bicolor
     
     
143. Northern Goshawk  (*) _____ (MX2)  sn
     Accipiter gentilis apache
     
     
144. Crane Hawk  (*) (ph)  _____ (MX2)   sn  YP:mar
     Geranospiza caerulescens
     
     
     
     A Crane Hawk photographed in southern Mexico
     (photo by Daniel Leon Cordero of the Hotel Exploreana)
     
     
145. Black-collared Hawk  (ph)  ______ (MX3)  yp
     Busarellus n. nigricollis
     
     
146. White Hawk  (ph)  ______ (MX3) 
     Pseudastur albicollis  (formerly Leucopternis albicollis)
     
     
147. Harris' Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)  bc  sn  
     Parabuteo unicinctus
     
     Another name for Parabuteo unicinctus is Bay-winged Hawk.
     
     
148. Red-tailed Hawk (*) (ph)  ______ bc  SN:jan,aug,sep  yp
     Buteo jamaicensis  
     
     
     
     A dark morph of the Red-tailed Hawk, photographed during a FONT tour.
     This subspecies is the "Western Red-tailed Hawk", Buteo jamaicensis calurus. 
     It winters south into central Mexico. Other subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk 
     further south, in Central America, are also dark.   
     
     
149. Swainson's Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______ (MX3)   SN:sep
     Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  
     
     
150. Zone-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)  bc  SN:sep  YP:mar
     Buteo a. albonotatus
     
     
151. White-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  (MX3)  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Geranoaetus albicaudatus hypospodius  (formerly Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius)
     
     
152. Short-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  cz  sn  YP:jun
     Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
     
     
153. Broad-winged Hawk  (ph)  ______  (MX3)
     Buteo p. platypterus
     
     
154. Roadside Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  CZ:dec  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 23)
     Rupornis magnirostris  (formerly Buteo magnirostris)
     Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda
     Rupornis magnirostris gracilis   cz
     
     
     
     Above & below: two photos of Roadside Hawks,
     both of the subspecies Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
     
     
     
155. Gray Hawk  (*) ______  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec   (p. 23)
     Buteo nitida plagiata
     
     
     
     An immature Gray Hawk photographed in Mexico
     (photo by Danny Leon Cordero of the Exploreana Hotel in southern Mexico)
     
     
156. Red-shouldered Hawk ______ (MX3)  bc
     Buteo lineatus
     
     
157. Ferruginous Hawk  (*) _____ (MX3)  SN:jan
     Buteo regalis
     
     
     
     A juvenile Ferruginous Hawk
     (photo by Ed Kendall)
     
     
158. Rough-legged Hawk  _____ (MX3)  sn
     Buteo lagopus sancti-johannis
     
     
159. Common Black Hawk  (*) ______  (MX3)  cz  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov,dec
     Buteogallus anthracinus
     
     
     
     Common Black Hawk
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
160. "Mangrove (or Pacific) Black Hawk"______ (MX2)  (now considered to be a form of the Common Black Hawk)
     Buteogallus anthracinus rhizophorae
     
     
161. Great Black Hawk  (*) ______ (MX3)  sn  YP:mar,jun
     Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
     
     
162. Montane Solitary Eagle (nt) ______ (MX1)  sn
     Harpyhaliaetus solitarius 
     
     
163. Golden Eagle ______ (MX2)  sn
     Aquila chrysaetos canadensis
     
     
164. Ornate Hawk-Eagle______ (MX1)  yp  (p. 22 & 98)
     Spizaetus ornatus vicarius
     
     
     
     An immature Ornate Hawk-Eagle photographed in southern Mexico
     (photo by Daniel Leon Cordero of the Hotel Exploreana)
     
     
165. Black Hawk-Eagle______ (MX1)  yp
     Spizaetus tyrannus serus
     
     
166. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle ______ (MX1)  yp  (p. 23 & 118)
     Spizastur melanoleucus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
167. Clapper Rail _____ (MX3)  yp
     Rallus crepitans (formerly R. longirostris)
     Rallus crepitans saturatus  ______  subspecies from southwest Alabama to northeast Mexico
     Rallus crepitans pallidus  ______  subspecies on the Yucatan Peninsula
     Rallus crepitans grossi  ______  subspecies in Quintana Roo 
     
     
168. Ridgway's Rail  ______  (MX3)  sn
     Rallus obsoletus
     Rallus obsoletus levipes: Light-footed Ridgway's Rail  ______  subspecies from south-central California to Baja California
     Rallus obsoletus yumanensis: Yuma Ridgway's Rail  ______  subspecies in southeastern California, southern Arizona, and northwestern Mexico 
     Rallus obsoletus beldingi  ______  subspecies in southern Baja California   
     
     
169. King Rail _____ (MX2)
     Rallus elegans
     
     After the 2014 split of the Aztec Rail (below) from the King Rail, birds in coastal Veracruz are still classified as Rallus elegans.
     
     
170. Aztec Rail  _____  (MX2)
     Rallus tenuirostris
     
     What was the King Rail in interior and western Mexico, became, in 2014, the Aztec Rail, a bird generally larger and with more subdued patterning and coloration. 
     
     
171. Virginia Rail _____  (MX3)  sn
     Rallus limicola
     
     
     
     Virginia Rail
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
172. Spotted Rail _____  yp
     Rallus maculatus insolitus
     
     
173. Uniform Crake______ (MX2)  
     Amaurolimnas concolor  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
174. Gray-necked Wood Rail  (*) ______ YP:jun,nov  (p. 70)
     Aramides cajanea 
     
     
     
     Gray-necked Wood Rail photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
175. Rufous-necked Wood Rail _____ (MX2)  yp
     Aramides axillaris
     
     
176. Ruddy Crake  (*)  ______ cz  YP:jun,nov  (has also been called "Red Rail")
     Laterallus ruber  (monotypic)
     
     
177. Black Rail ______  (MX1)  cz
     Laterallus jamaicensis
     
     
178. Sora  (*) _____  cz  sn  yp
     Porzana carolina
     
     
179. Yellow-breasted Crake _____ (MX3)  cz  yp
     Porzana flaviventer woodi
     
     
180. Common Gallinule (or Moorhen) (*)  ______ CZ:mar,jun,dec  sn  YP:mar,nov,yp
     Gallinula chloropus cachinnans
     
     
181. Purple Gallinule______ cz  sn  yp
     Porphyrula martinica  (monotypic)
     
     
182. American Coot (*) ______ CZ:mar,dec  SN:aug,sep  YP:jun,nov
     Fulica a. americana
     
     
183. Sungrebe ______ (MX3)  yp  (an alternate name could be the "American Finfoot") 
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
184. Limpkin  (*) ______ YP:mar,jun,nov
     Aramus guarauna dolosus  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     
     A Limpkin photographed during the FONT March 2009 Mexico Tour in the Yucatan  
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
185. Sandhill Crane _____ (MX3)  sn
     Grus canadensis
     
     
186. Double-striped Thick-knee _____
     Burhinus b. bistriatus
     
     
     
     A Double-striped Thick-knee photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
187. American Oystercatcher  (*)  _____  cz  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,nov
     Haematopus palliatus
     
     
188. Black Oystercatcher  (*)  _____  bc  SN:jan
     Haematopus bachmani
     
     
189. Northern Jacana  (*) ______ CZ:mar,jun  YP:mar,jun,nov  (p. 15 & 66)
     Jacana s. spinosa
     
     
190. Black-necked Stilt  (*) ______  CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov  (was said by some to be conspecific with the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World) 
     Himantopus mexicanus 
     
     
191. American Avocet  (*)  _____  sn  YP:nov
     Recurvirostra americana
     
     
     
     The American Avocet is a rare bird in the Yucatan region of Mexico. 
     This single bird was found there during our FONT tour in November 2008. 
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
192. Black-bellied Plover  (*) ______ CZ:mar,jun,dec  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov  (also called Grey Plover)
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     
193. American Golden Plover ____  yp
     Pluvialis dominica
     
     
194. Collared Plover _____
     Charadrius collaris
     
     
195. Snowy Plover  (*)  _____  cz  sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Charadrius nivosus
     
     
     
     Snowy Plover
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
196. Piping Plover  (*)  _____  (nt) (MX1)   sn  YP:nov
     Charadrius melodus
     
     
197. Semipalmated Plover  (*) ______ cz  YP:jun,nov
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
198. Wilson's Plover  (*) ______  CZ:mar  SN:aug  YP:mar,nov
     Charadrius wilsonia 
     
     
     
     Two photos of Wilson's Plovers, at opposite ends of Mexico.
     The upper photo on the Yucatan Peninsula; 
     the lower photo along Sea of Cortez in Sonora      
     (upper photo by Marie Gardner, lower photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
     
     
     
199. Killdeer  (*) ______ bc  cz  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,nov
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
200. Mountain Plover _____ (MX2)  sn
     Charadrius montanus
     
     
201. Greater Yellowlegs  (*) ______ bc  CZ:mar  SN:jan  YP:mar,nov
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
202. Lesser Yellowlegs  (*) ______ bc  cz  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     There's but one Lesser Yellowlegs in this photograph,
     but we saw many - thousands of them - at one place along the Yucatan coast
     during the FONT Mexico tour in November 2008,  
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
203. Solitary Sandpiper (*) ______ bc  CZ:mar  SN:aug  YP:mar,nov
     Tringa solitaria
     
     
204. Willet  (*)  ______  bc  cz  SN:jan,aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Tringa semipalmatus
     
     
205. Wandering Tattler _____ bc  sn
     Heteroscelus incanus
     
     
206. Spotted Sandpiper  (*) ______ bc  CZ:mar,dec  SN:aug  YP:mar,nov
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
207. Upland Sandpiper _____ sn  yp
     Bartramia longicauda
     
     
208. "American" Whimbrel  (*)______  bc  SN:jan,aug  yp
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
     
     A Whimbrel along the coast of the Sea of Cortez in Sonora
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
      
209. Long-billed Curlew  (*) _____  (nt)  bc  SN:jan,aug  yp
     Nymenius americanus
     
     
     
     A Long-billed Curlew in Sonora, Mexico
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
     
210. Marbled Godwit  (*) ______  bc  SN:jan,aug  YP:nov
     Limosa fedoa
     
     
     
     A Marbled Godwit photographed in Mexico
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
      
211. Ruddy Turnstone  (*)  _____ bc  CZ:mar  SN:aug  YPmar,jun,nov
     Arenaria interpres
     
     
212. Black Turnstone _____  bc  sn
     Arenaria melanocephala
     
     
213. Surfbird ______  bc  sn
     Aphriza virgata
     
     
214. Red Knot  (*) _____  cz  sn  YP:nov
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
215. Sanderling  (*)  ______  CZ:mar,dec  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Calidris alba
     
     
216. Semipalmated Sandpiper  (*) ______ sn  YP:mar,nov
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
217. Western Sandpiper  (*) ______ cz  SN:aug  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
218. White-rumped Sandpiper______ cz  yp
     Calidris fuscicollis  (monotypic)
     
     
219. Least Sandpiper  (*) ______ CZ:mar  sn  YP:mar,nov
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
220. Baird's Sandpiper ______  sn  yp
     Calidris bairdii
     
     
221. Pectoral Sandpiper  (*)______ cz  sn  yp
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
222. Dunlin  (*)  ______  SN:jan  YP:nov
     Calidris alpina
     
     
223. Stilt Sandpiper  (*) ______ sn  YP:mar,nov
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus
     
     
224. Buff-breasted Sandpiper  ______  yp
     Tryngites subruficollis
     
     
225. Short-billed Dowitcher  (*) ______ cz,sn  YP:mar,jun,nov
     Limnodromus griseus  (3 subspecies can occur in Mexico)
     
      
226. Long-billed Dowitcher  (*) ______  bc  SN:aug
     Limnodromus scolopaceus
     
     
227. Wilson's Snipe  (*)  ______  CZ:dec  sn  YP:nov
     Gallinago delicata
     
     
228. Wilson's Phalarope (*)  _____  SN:aug  yp
     Phalaropus tricolor
     
     
229. Red-necked Phalarope (*) ______  bc  sn
     Phalaropus lobatus
     

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