Amphibians  
and Reptiles 

of Costa Rica
and Panama  


Noting those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours with an (*)

including: 
Salamanders
Toads & Frogs (seen or heard), 
Turtles
Lizards
Snakes

A list compiled by Armas Hill


UPPER RIGHT PHOTO: A SPECTACLED CAIMAN photographed during the FONT tour
in southern Costa Rica in March 2012  (photo by Virginia Woodhouse)   

Links within this List:

AMPHIBIANS:      Caecilians    Salamanders    Toads & Frogs

REPTILES:   Turtles    Crocodile & Caiman    Snakes

Lizards:    Geckos    Basilisks    Iguanas    Anoles    Whiptails  


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Central America      

Birds in:  Costa Rica    Panama

Mammals & some Other Wildlife in Costa Rica  (with some photos)

A List of Central American Butterflies & Moths, in 6 Parts  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website

1. Slender Caecilian ______ CR
   Dermophis parviceps
   
   
2. Purple Caecilian ______ CR    
   Gymnopis multiplicata
   
   
   Order CAUDATA  (Salamanders)
   
   
   Family PLETHODONTIDAE  (Lungless Salamanders)
   
   

3. Alvarado’s Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa alvaradoi
   
   

4. Ridge-headed Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa colonnea
   
   

5. Bark-colored Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa lignicolor
   
   

6. Ring-tailed Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa robusta
   
   

7. Striated Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa striatula
   
   

8. Mountain Salamander ______ CR
   Bolitoglossa subpalmata
   
   

9. Worm Salamanders ______ CR
   Oedipina species
   
   
   Order ANURA  (Frogs & Toads)
   
   
   Family RHINOPHRYNIDAE  (Mexican Burrowing Toad)
   
   

10. Mexican Burrowing Toad ______ CR
    Rhinophrynus dorsalis
    |
    
    Family BUFONIDAE  (Toads)  (the Harlequin Frogs are actually in the Toad family)
    
    

11. Chiriqui Harlequin Frog ______ CR
    Atelopus chiriquiensis
    
    

12. Variable Harlequin Frog ______ CR,PN  (also called Veragosa Stubfoot Toad)
    Atelopus varius
    
    

13. Atelopus senex ______ CR
    
    All 3 species of Atelopus have disappeared from areas in CR where they were once common, and may now be extinct.
    
    

14. Crepidophryne epiotica ______ CR (this small obscure toadlet in the Talamanca Mountains is rare)
    
    

15. Dry Forest Toad ______ CR,PN
    Bufo coccifer
    
    

16. Green Climbing Toad (4cd) (*) ______  CR,PN  (also called Evergreen Toad)
    Bufo coniferus
    
    

17. Smooth-skinned Toad (6cd) ______ CR,PN  (also called Litter Toad)
    Bufo haematiticus
    
    

18. Giant Toad (2cd) (*) ______ CR,PN  (also called Marine Toad or Cane Toad)
    Bufo marinus
    
    

19. Golden Toad ______ CR  (also called Monteverde Toad) (apparently extinct)
    Bufo periglenes
    
    

20. Bufo fastidiosus ______ CR (believed extinct)
    
    

21. Bufo holdridgei ______ CR (believed extinct)
    
    

22. Gulf Coast Toad  (ph)  ______ CR
    Bufo valliceps
    
    
    
    A Gulf Coast Toad during a FONT tour
    (photo by Pete Mooney)
    
    

23. Bufo granulosus (3cd) ______ PN
    
    

24. Bufo typhonius (5cd) ______ PN
    
    
    During a FONT tour in southern Costa Rica, a Bufo toad was once seen in the forest on a tree-limb agitating birds: hummingbirds, manakins, and trogons. It was Bufo coniferus, the Green Climbing Toad.
    
    
    Family CENTROLENIDAE  (Glass Frogs) 
    
    As of now, there are 14 species in Costa Rica, and about 150 species throughout Central and South America.
    
    Until 1991, all species in the 3 genera were thought to belong to a single genus, Centrolenella.
    
    

25. Ghost Glass Frog ______ CR
    Centrolenella ilex
    
    

26. Emerald Glass Frog (10cd) ______ CR,PN
    Centrolene prosoblepon
    
    

27. Ilex Grass Frog ______ PN
    Centrolene ilex
    
    

28. Granular Glass Frog (8cd) ______ PN
    Cochranella granulosa
    
    

29. Cochranella spinosa (7cd) ______ PN
    
    

30. Cochranella euknemos (8cd) ______ PN
    
    

31. Diane's Bare-hearted Glass Frog  ______  CR   (species discovered and described in 2015)
    Hyalinobatrachium dianae
    
    In Spanish: Ranade Vidrio de Diane
    
    By whatever name, this species became new to science as recently as in early 2015. It is named (in all 3 names here) after the mother, Diana, of the discoverer, Brian Kubicki.
    In Costa Rica (where as far as known it is endemic), it is in the eastern foothills in the provinces of Heredia and Limon.    
    
    

32. Fleischmann’s Glass Frog (12cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
    
    

33. Reticulated Glass Frog ______ CR,PN
    Hyalinobatrachium valerioi
    
    

34. Hyalinobatrachium pulveratum (11cd) ______ PN
    
    

35. Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (13cd) ______ PN
    
    
    Family DENDROBATIDAE  (Poison-dart Frogs, or Poison-arrow Frogs)
    
    

36. Talamanca Rocket (or Dart) Frog (15cd) ______ CR,PN
    Colostethus talamancae
    
    

37. Highland Dart Frog ______ PN
    Colostethus nubicola
    
    

38. Colostethus inguinalis (14cd) ______ PN
    
    

39. Colostethus flotator (16cd) ______ PN
    
    

40. Yellow-bellied Dart Frog ______ PN
    Minyobates tulguritus
    
    

41. Minyobates minutus (17cd) ______ PN
    
    

42. Green-and-black Poison-dart Frog (18cd) (*) (ph)  ______ CR,PN
    Dendrobates auratus
    
    
    
    Green-and-black Poison-dart Frog
    (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
    
    

43. Granular Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR
    Dendrobates grannuliferus
    
    

44. Strawberry Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR,PN  (“Blue-jeans Frog”)
    Dendrobates pumilio
    
    

45. (Yellow-) Striped Poison-dart Frog ______ CR,PN
    Phyllobates lugubris
    
    

46. Golfo Dulce Poison-dart Frog  (*) ______ CR  (endemic to Costa Rica) 
    Phyllobates vittatus
    
    Phyllobates vittatus is also called the Orange-and-Black Poison-dart Frog. 
    
    Frogs in the genus Phyllobates have skin toxins that are particularly strong. 
    
    
    Family HYLIDAE  (Tree-Frogs) (There are 43 species in Costa Rica, in 10 genera.)
    
    

47. Red-eyed (or Gaudy) Tree Frog (19cd) (*) (ph)  ______ CR,PN  (also called Red-eyed Leaf Frog)
    Agalychnis callidryas
    
    
    
    Above & below: the Red-eyed Tree Frog
    The photo below by Rodolphe Alexis.
    
    
    
    

48. Parachuting Red-eyed Leaf  Frog ______ CR  (also called Misfit Leaf Frog)
    Agalychnis saltator
    
    

49. Spurell’s Flying Frog ______ PN
    Agalychnis spurellii
    
    

50. Barred Leaf Frog ______ PN
    Agalychnis calcarifer
    
    

51. Crowned Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Anotheca spinosa
    
    

52. Lemur Frog ______ PN
    Phyllomedusa lemur
    
    

53. Red-eyed Stream Frog ______ CR
    Duellmanohyla (formerly Hyla) uranochroa
    
    

54. Hourglass (or Variegated) Tree Frog (25cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla ebraccata
    
    

55. Loquacious Tree Frog ______ CR
    Hyla loquax
    
    

56. Small-headed Tree Frog (27cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla microcephala
    
    

57. Lowland Fringe-limbed Tree Frog ______ CR
    Hyla miliaria
    
    

58. Veined Tree Frog (26cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla phlebodes
    
    

59. Gladiator Tree Frog (23cd) ______ CR,PN
    Hyla rosenbergi
    
    

60. Red-webbed Tree Frog (21cd) ______ PN
    Hyla rufitela
    
    

61. Meadow Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Hyla pseudopuma
    
    

62. Boans Tree Frog (22cd) ______ PN
    Hyla boans
    
    

63. Hyla palmeri (20cd) ______ PN
    
    

64. Hyla crepitans (24cd) ______ PN
    
    

65. Milk Frog (cd32) ______ CR,PN  (also called Marbled Rubber Frog)  
    Phrynohyas venulosa
    
    

66. Olive Tree Frog ______ CR,PN
    Scinax elaeochroa
    
    

67. Stauffer’s Tree Frog (28cd) ______ CR,PN
    Scinax staufferi
    
    

68. Boulenger’s Snouted Tree Frog  (31cd) ______ CR,PN
    Scinax boulengeri
    
    

69. Scinax ruber (29cd) ______ PN
    
    

70. Scinax rostratus (30cd) ______ PN
    
    

71. Mexican Tree Frog (or Smilisca) ______ CR
    Smilisca baudinii
    
    

72. Masked Tree Frog (or Smilisca) (33cd) ______ CR,PN
    Smilisca phaeota
    
    

73. Drab Tree Frog (or Smilisca) ______ CR
    Smilisca sordida
    
    

74. Pug-nosed Tree Frog (or Smilisca) (34cd) ______ PN
    Smilisca sila
    
    
    Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE  (Leptodactylid Frogs) (Worldwide, an extremely large family with over 800 rather diverse species, in more than 50 genera. There are about 46 species in Costa Rica.)  
    
    The genus Eleutherodactylus contains more species than any genus in the vertebrates, over 500.
    
    

75. Bransford’s Litter Frog ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus bransfordii
    
    

76. Clay-colored Rain Frog (38cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus cerasinus
    
    

77. Golden-groined Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus cruentus
    
    

78. Common Tink Frog (41cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus diastema
    
    

79. Common Rain Frog (37cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri
    
    

80. Broad-headed Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus megacephalus
    
    

81. Mimicking Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus mimus
    
    

82. Noble’s Rain Frog ______ CR
    Eleutherodactylus noblei
    
    

83. Pygmy Rain Frog (39cd) ______ CR,PN
    Eleutherodactylus ridens
    
    

84. Soft-shouldered Rain Frog (36cd) ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus crassidigitus
    
    

85. Brown-headed Rain Frog ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus hiporcatus
    
    

86. Agua Buena Robber Frog (42cd) ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus vocator
    
    

87. Piglet Litter Frog ______ PN
    Eleutherodactylus podiciferus
    
    

88. Eleutherodactylus bufoniformis (35cd) ______ PN
    
    

89. Eleutherodactylus taeniatus (40cd) ______ PN
    
    

90. Eleutherodactylus antillensis (43cd) ______ PN
    
    

91. Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (44cd) ______ PN
    
    

92. Black-backed Frog ______ CR(A), PN
    Leptodactylus melanonotus
    
    

93. Central American Bullfrog (45cd) ______ CR(A),PN  (also called Smoky Jungle Frog)
    Leptodactylus pentadactylus
    
    

94. White-lipped Whistling-Frog (49cd) ______ CR,PN
    Leptodactylus labialis  (formerly L. fragilis)
    
    

95. Bolivian Frog ______ CR,PN
    Leptodactylus bolivianus
    
    

96. Leptodactylus insularum (46cd) ______ PN
    
    

97. Leptodactylus poecilochilus (47cd) ______ PN
    
    

98. Leptodactylus fuscus (48cd) ______ PN
    
    

99. Tungara (or Mud Puddle) Frog (50cd) ______ CR,PN
    Physalaemus pustulosus  (the only species of the genus in Central America )
    
    

100. Pleurodema brachyops (51cd) ______ PN
     
     

101. Chiasmocleis panamensis (52cd) _______ PN
     
     
     Family MICROHYLIDAE  (Narrow-mouthed Frogs)
     
     

102. Sheep Frog ______ CR
     Hypopachus variolosus
     
     

103. Black Narrow-mouthed Frog ______ CR,PN
     Nelsonophryne aterrima
     
     
     Family RANIDAE  (True Frogs)
     
     

104. Vaillant’s Frog (53cd) ______ CR,PN  (also called Web-footed Frog) (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana vaillanti  (formerly known as Rana palmipes)
     
     

105. Green-eyed Frog ______ CR (H)
     Rana vibicaria
     
     

106. Brilliant Forest Frog ______ CR,PN  (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana warszewitschii
     
     

107. Forrer’s Leopard Frog ______ CR(NP)
     Rana forreri
     
     

108. Taylor’s Frog ______ CR  (in CR, widespread & common)
     Rana taylori  (formerly known as Rana pipiens)   
     
     
     
     REPTILES:
     
     
     Family CHELONIIDAE (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles): 6 species worldwide 
     
     

109. Atlantic Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ CR(A), PN
     Chelonia mydas mydas
     Pacific Green (Sea) Turtle (t3) ______ CR(P), PN
     Chelonia mydas agassizii 
     
     
110. Loggerhead Sea Turtle  (t2) (ph)  ______ CR, PN
     Caretta caretta 
     
     
     
     A Loggerhead Sea Turtle during a FONT tour
     (photo by Alan Brady)
      
     
111. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (t1) ______ CR(A,P), PN
     Eretmochelys imbricata 
     
     
112. Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (t2) ______ (*:a,b) CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Lepidochelys olivacea
     
     
     Family DERMOCHELYIDAE (Leatherback Turtle): a single species
     
      
113. Leatherback Sea Turtle (t1) (*:b) (ph)  ______ CR(N)(P), PN
     Dermochelys coriacea
     
     
     
     A scene that was experienced during a number of years as part of the 
     FONT Birding & Nature Holiday Tour in Costa Rica in December/January.
     Massive female adults were seen on a Pacific beach after dark as they 
     came to lay their eggs. 
     On occasion, hatchings were seen going to the sea in the moonlight.
     
     
     Family EMYDIDAE (Pond Turtles)
     
     
114. Brown Wood Turtle ______ CR
     Rhinoclemmys annulata
     (range: from Belize & eastern Honduras south to Panama and Colombia & Ecuador)    
     
     
115. Black Wood Turtle ______ CR(A), PN
     Rhinoclemmys funerea
     (range: Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, & Panama into the Canal basin)
     
     
116. Painted Wood Turtle ______ CR(N) (In CR, only in dry nw lowlands)
     Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima
     
     
117. Common Slider  (*) ______ CR(N)
     Trachemys scripta
     
     
     
     Family KINOSTERNIDAE  (Mud & Musk Turtles)
     
     
118. White-lipped Mud Turtle ______ CR
     Kinosternon leucostomum
     
     
119. Red-cheeked Mud Turtle  (*) ______ CR
     Kinosternon scorpioides
     
     
120. Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle (t3) ______ CR
     Kinosternon angustipons 
     
     
     Family CHELYDRIDAE (Snapping Turtle): 2 species only in the Americas
     
      
121. Common Snapping Turtle  (ph)  ______ CR, PN
     Chelydra serpentina
     
     
     
     
     Common Snapping Turtle
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     Family CROCODYLIDAE  (Crocodile Family): 14 species worldwide 
     
     
122. American Crocodile (t3) (*) ______ CR(N)(A,P), PN
     Crocodylus acutus
     
     
     Family ALLIGATORIDAE  (Alligator Family)
     
     
123. Spectacled Caiman (*) (ph)  ______ CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Caiman crocodilus
     
     
     
     
     A Spectacled Caiman photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Andy Smith)
     
     
     Suborder LACERTILIA (Lizards)
     
     
     Family EUBLEPHARIDAE (Banded Geckos)
     
     
124. Central American (or Tropical) Banded Gecko ______ CR(NP), PN
     Coleonyx mitratus
     
     
     Family GEKKONIDAE (Geckos)
     
     
125. Yellow-headed Gecko ______ CR(NP), PN
     Gonatodes albigularis
     
     
126. House Gecko (i) (*) ______ CR(A,SP), PN
     Hemidactylus frenatus
     
     
127. Hemidactylus garnotii (a native Costa Rican species virtually indistinguishable from the House Gecko)
     
     
128. Litter Gecko ______ CR
     Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma
     
     
129. Spotted Dwarf Gecko ______ CR 
     Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus
     
     
130. Turnip-tailed (or Mottled) Gecko ______ CR (A,SP)
     Thecadactylus rapicaudus
     
     
     Family CORYTOPHANIDAE (Casque-headed Iguanas): Formerly included in the large and diverse family Iguanidae; in 1989 this group elevated to family status. 
     
     The Basilisks are commonly referred to "Jesus Christ Lizards" as they can run atop water. The following is an explanation of that behavior:
     
     
     
     An Emerald Basilisk running across the water
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet) 
     
     A narrow seam of skin, which runs around each basilisk toe, forms a moveable flap that is expanded when its foot is pressed onto the water, thus creating a larger surface area. 
     The force that the lizards put into the downward movement of their feet produces an upward pressure that by itself creates almost a quarter of the total force required to keep the lizard from sinking. 
     When the running basilisk presses its foot down onto the water, an air-filled pocket is formed around the foot. This pocket quickly fills with water, so the lizard must rapidly withdraw it foot to prevent from having to "plow' through the water. 
     As the foot retracts, the moveable skin-flaps on the toes fold down against the sides of the toes to reduce friction against the air. 
     The combined pressure that is produced during a single downward and upward stroke of the foot can be enough to provide 111% of the support required to allow an adult basilisk to run on the water. 
     Small juveniles, with a body weight of less than 2 grams (0.07 of an ounce), are capable of producing 225% of the upward pressure necessary for an animal of that weight. With the combination of speed and specially adapted toe fringes, these lizards can run considerable across the water surface.        
     In order for a 176 pound human to match a running basilisk's aquatic performance, he or she would have to run at almost 69 mph across the water and produce a muscle force 15 times greater than what an average person is capable of doing.   
     
     
131. Common Basilisk  (*) (ph)  ______  CR(N,S)(P), PN
     Basiliscus basiliscus
     
     
     
     A Common Basilisk photographed during the FONT tour
     in southern Costa Rica in March 2012
     (photo by Virginia Woodhouse)
     
     
132. Emerald (or Green) Basilisk  (*) (ph)  ______  CR(N)(A), PN
     Basiliscus plumifrons
     
     
     
     Emerald Basilisk
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet) 
     
     
133. Striped Basilisk ______ CR
     Basiliscus vittatus
     
     
134. Helmeted Iguana (also called Elegant-headed Basilisk or Casque-headed Lizard) ______ CR (A,SP), PN
     Corytophanes cristatus
     
     
     Family IGUANIDAE  (Iguanas)
     
     
135. Green Iguana  (*) (ph)  ______  CR(N,S)(A,P), PN
     Iguana iguana
     (A bright green when young, but changes to gray, brown, greenish-gray, or almost black as it grows older)
     
     
     
     Green Iguana
     (photographed during a FONT tour by Marie Gardner)
     
     
136. Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (also called Ctenosaur) (*) (ph)  ______  CR(N)(P), PN
     Ctenosaura similis 
     
     
137. Five-keeled Spiny-tailed Iguana ______ CR (In Costa Rica, restricted to a few isolated areas in the Santa Rosa National Park in Guanacaste.)
     Ctenosaura quinquecarinata
     
     
     Family POLYCHROTIDAE  (Anoles & allies)
     
     
138. Puerto Rican Crested Anole (i) ______ CR
     Ctenonotus cristatelllus
     
     
139. Giant Green Anole ______ CR
     Dactyloa frenata
     
     
140. Water Anole ______ CR
     Norops aquaticus
     
     
141. Green Tree Anole ______ CR
     Norops biporcatus
     
     
142. Pug-nosed Anole ______ CR
     Norops capito
     
     
143. Ground Anole ______ CR(A,P), PN
     Norops humilis 
     
     
144. Canopy Anole ______ CR
     Norops lemurinus
     
     
145. Slender Anole ______ CR
     Norops anole 
     
     
146. Stream Anole ______ CR
     Norops oxylophus
     
     
147. Golfo Dulce Anole ______ CR(S) (SP)
     Norops polylepis
     
     
148. Indigo-throated Anole ______ CR
     Norops sericeus 
     
     
149. Cloud Forest Anole ______ CR (H)
     Norops tropidolepis
     
     
150. Dry Forest Anole ______ CR
     Norops cupreus
     
     
151. Blue-eyed Anole ______ CR (P)
     Norops woodi
     
     
152. Canopy Lizard ______ CR
     Polychrus gutturosus
     
     
     Family PHRYNOSOMATIDAE  (Spiny Lizards & allies)
     
     
153. Green Spiny Lizard  (*)  ______ CR (H), PN
     Sceloporus malachiticus
     
     In Costa Rica, the Green Spiny Lizard is in the Central Valley and the surrounding mountain ranges. 
     
     
154. Rose-bellied Spiny Lizard  (*) (ph)  ______ CR (NP)
     Sceloporus variabilis
     (range: Texas to northwest Costa Rica)
     
     In Costa Rica, both the Rose-bellied Spiny Lizard and the Brown Spiny Lizard (below) are restricted to the arid lowlands in the northwest part of the country in Guanacaste. 
     
     
     
     A Rose-bellied Spiny Lizard photographed in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica
     in February 2015     (photo by Burke Korol)
     
     
155. Brown Spiny Lizard  ______  CR (NP)
     Sceloporus squamosus
     
     
     Family SCINCIDAE (Skinks)
     
     
156. Bronze-backed Climbing Skink ______ CR, PN
     Mabuya unimarginata
     
     
157. Litter Skink ______ CR
     Sphenomorphus cherriei
     
     
     Family GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE (Microteiid Lizards)
     
     
158. Bromeliad Lizard ______ CR
     Anadia ocellata
     
     
159. Golden Spectacled Lizard ______ CR
     Gymnophthalmus speciosus
     
     
160. Water Tegu ______ CR
     Neusticurus apodemus
     
     
161. Keeled Leaf-litter Lizard ______ CR
     Ptychoglossus plicatus
     
     
     Family TEIIDAE (Whip-tailed Lizards)
     
     
162. Central American Whip-tailed Lizard  (*)  ______  CR(N)(A,SP), PN
     Ameiva festiva
     
     
163. Four-lined Whip-tailed Lizard  (*) ______ CR(N)
     Ameiva quadrilineata
     
     
164. Barred Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
     Ameiva undulata
     
     
165. Deppe's (or Seven-striped) Whip-tailed Lizard ______ CR (NP)
     Cnemidophorus deppii
     
     
     Family XANTUSIDAE (Night Lizards)
     
     
166. Yellow-spotted (or Tropical) Night Lizard ______ CR
     Lepidophyma flavimaculatum
     
     
     Family ANGUIDAE (Anguid Lizards)
     
     
167. Rainforest Celestus ______ CR
     Celestus hylaius
     
     
168. Talamanca Galliwasp ______ CR
     Diploglossus bilobatus
     
     
169. Galliwasp ______ CR, PN
     Diploglossus monotropis
     
     
170. Highland Alligator Lizard ______ CR
     Mesaspis monticola 
     
     
     Suborder SERPENTES (Snakes)
     
     
     Family ANOMALEPIDIDAE (Neotropical Blindsnakes)
     
     
171. Neotropical Slender Blindsnake ______ CR
     Leptotyphlops goudotii
     
     
     Family TYPHLOPIDAE (True Blindsnakes)
     
     
172. Costa Rican Blindsnake ______ CR
     Typhlops costaricensis 
     
     
     Family LOXOCEMIDAE (Neotropical Sunbeam Snakes)
     
     
173. Neotropical Sunbeam Snake ______ CR
     Loxocemus bicolor
     
     
     Family BOIDAE (Boa Family, the Boids)
     
     
174. Boa Constrictor  (ph)  ______ (*) CR(N,S), PN
     Boa constrictor
     
     
     
     Boa Constrictor
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
175. Annulated Tree Boa ______ CR
     Corallus annulatus
     
     
176. Common Tree Boa ______ CR
     Corallus ruschenbergerii
     
     
     Family COLUBRIDAE (Colubrid Snakes)
     
     
177. Ridge-nosed Snake ______ CR
     Amastridium veliferum
     
     
178. Mussurana ______ CR, PN
     Clelia clelia
     
     
179. Roadguarder ______ CR
     Conophis lineatus
     
     
180. Barred Forest Racer ______ CR
     Dendrophidion vinitor
     
     
181. Speckled Racer ______ CR
     Drymobius margaritiferus
     
     
182. Green Frog-eater ______ CR
     Drymobius melanotropis
     
     
183. False Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Erythrolamprus mimus 
     
     
184. Gray Earth Snake ______ CR
     Geophis brachycephalus
     
     
185. Brown Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR, PN
     Imantodes cenchoa
     
     
186. Yellow Blunt-headed Vine Snake ______ CR
     Imantodes inornatus
     
     
187. Tropical King Snake ______ CR, PN
     Lampropeltis triangulum
     
     
188. Black-and-white Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
     Leptodeira nigrofasciata
     
     
189. Black-and-red Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR
     Leptodeira rubricata
     
     
190. Northern Cat-eyed Snake ______ CR, PN
     Leptodeira septentrionalis
     
     
191. (Satiny) Parrot Snake ______ CR, PN
     Leptophis depressirostris
     
     
192. Green-headed Treesnake (or Mexican Parrot Snake) (ph)  ______ CR
     Leptodeira mexicanus
     
     
     
     Green-headed Treesnake
     (photo by Pete Mooney)
     
     
193. Bronze-backed Parrot Snake ______ CR (In CR, in Caribbean lowlands, and at low elevations in sw Costa Rica; very similar to the Mexican Parrot Snake)
     Leptodeira nebulosus
     
     
194. Fire-bellied Snake ______ CR
     Liophis epinephelus
     
     
195. Spotted Wood Snake ______ CR
     Ninia maculata
     
     
196. Brown Vine Snake ______ (*) CR(S), PN
     Oxybelis aeneus
     
     
197. Short-nosed Vine Snake ______ CR
     Oxybelis brevirostris
     
     
198. Green Vine Snake  (ph)  ______ CR, PN
     Oxybelis fulgidus
     
     
     
     Green Vine Snake
     (photo by Sally Brady)
     
     
199. Bird-eating Snake (or Neotropical Bird Snake) ______ CR, PN
     Pseustes poecilonotus
     
     
200. Green Litter Snake ______ CR
     Rhadinacea calligaster
     
     
201. Red (or Pink)-bellied Litter Snake ______ CR, PN
     Rhadinaea decorata
     
     
202. Shovel-toothed Snake ______ CR
     Scaphiodontophia annulatus
     
     
203. Neotropical Rat Snake ______ CR
     Senticolis triaspis
     
     
204. Lichen-colored Snaileater ______ CR
     Sibon longifrenis
     
     
205. Ringed Snaileater ______  PN
     Sibon annulata
     
     
206. Tiger Rat Snake ______ CR, PN
     Spilotes pullatus
     
     
207. Scorpion-eater  (ph)  ______ PN
     Stenorrhina freminvillei
     
     
     
     Scorpion-eater
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
208. Degenhardt's Scorpion-eater ______ CR
     Stenorrhina degenhardtii
     
     
209. Reticulated Centipede Snake ______ CR
     Tantilla reticulata
     
     
210. False Fer-de-lance ______ CR, PN
     Xenodon rabdocephalus
     
     
     Family ELAPIDAE (Coral Snakes) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
211. Allen's Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus alleni
     
     
212. Bicolored (or Red-tailed) Coral Snake ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus multifasciatus
     
     
213. Central American Coral Snake  (*) ______ CR, PN
     Micrurus nigrocinctus
     
     
214. Clark's Coral Snake ______  PN
     Micrurus clarki
     
     
     Subfamily HYDROPHIINAE (Sea Snakes) (VENOMOUS)     
     
     
215. Yellow-bellied (or Pelagic) Sea Snake ______ CR, PN
     Pelamis platurus
     
     
     Family VIPERIDAE (Viper Family) (VENOMOUS)
     
     
216. Cantil ______ CR
     Agkistrodon bilineatus
     
     
217. Jumping Pit Viper ______ CR, PN
     Atropoides nummifer
     
     
218. (Side-)Striped Palm Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis lateralis
     
     
219. Eyelash Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Bothriechis schlegelii
     
     
220. Black-speckled Palm Pitviper ______  PN
     Bothriechis nigroviridis
     
     
221. Fer-de-lance  (*) (ph)  ______ CR, PN
     Bothrops asper
     
     
     
     Fer-de-lance
     (photo by Peter Mooney)
     
     
222. Godman's Montane Pit-Viper ______ CR, PN
     Cerrophidion godmani
     
     
223. Tropical Rattlesnake ______ CR
     Crotalus durissus
     
     
224. Central American Bushmaster ______ CR, PN
     Lachesis stenophrys
     
     
225. (Rainforest) Hog-nosed Pitviper ______ CR, PN
     Porthidium nasutum
     
     
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