Japan Birds

from Minivets to Buntings

noting those found
during Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*)

1994 thru 2015

during the months of 
January, February, April.
May, June, July, October,
November, and December

Part 2 of a List of Japan Birds with some photos
compiled by Armas Hill, the leader of FONT tours in Japan


Photo at upper right: a BROWN-EARED BULBUL photographed during a FONT Japan Tour 
  

Link:

Part #1 of this List of Japan Birds: Pheasants to Pittas

There have been 24 FONT Fall & Winter birding & nature tours in Japan: FW.
There have been 13 FONT Spring & Summer birding & nature tours in Japan: SS.

During our 37 FONT tours in Japan, 397 species of birds have cumulatively been found. 

In the following list, Japanese bird names follow English names.



Codes:

(JAi):  introduced species in Japan

(t):   a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International.
(t1):   critical
(t2):   endangered
(t3):   vulnerable
(nt): considered a near-threatened species globally

(JAr):       rare in Japan
(JArs):     rare in Japan in spring/summer
(JArw):    rare in Japan in winter

(JAe):      Japanese endemic
(JAeb):    Japanese endemic breeder
(JAneb):  Japanese near-endemic breeder

FW: Seen during FONT Fall & Winter Japanese birding tours.
SS: Seen during FONT Spring & Summer Japanese birding tours.

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the Japanese island & the months are noted. 
HN:   on Honshu
HI:    on Hegura Island (Hegura-jima) in the Sea of Japan off Honshu (Hegura Island visited during our Spring tours)
HK:   on Hokkaido
KY:   on Kyushu
AM:  on Amami
OK:   on Okinawa
NS:   in the southern Japanese islands of Nansei Shoto (other than Amami & Okinawa)


(ph):  species with a photo in this FONT website


Links to Bird Groupings in this List:

Shrikes    Orioles & Drongos    Corvids    Tits (& Penduline Tit)    Waxwings

Swallows & Martins    Long-tailed Tit    Larks    Bulbuls    Old World Warblers 

Laughing Thrushes, Leiothrix, White-eyes    Wren    Nuthatches    Starlings

Thrushes    Old World Flycatchers & Monarch    Dipper   Sparrows & Munias

Accentors    Pipits & Wagtails    Finches    Buntings


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in Japan     Upcoming FONT Tours Elsewhere

FONT Past Tour Highlights     Photo Galleries & Narratives from past FONT tours

Birds during Previous FONT tours in Japan in: 

Hokkaido     Honshu  (over 300 species)     Hegura Island  (with some photos)

the Island of Amami     the island of Okinawa


Rare Birds during our Japan Tours  (with some photos)

Japanese Mammals  (with some photos)

Japanese Butterflies  (with some photos)

Directory of Photos in this Website, in this list & others

List of Japan Birds, noting those during Focus On Nature Tours (Part #2): 


           MINIVETS

382. Ashy Minivet  (Sanshokui = eater of the prickly ash)  (*) ______ SS   HN:may,oct  HI:may
     Pericrocotus divaricatus  (monotypic, with tegimae split)
     
     
383. Ryukyu Minivet  (Ryukyu-sanshokui)  (JAe) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   KY:jan,feb,may  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,dec  OK:feb,may,nov  
     Pericrocotus tegimae  
     
     The Ryukyu Minivet was considered conspecific with the Ashy Minivet.
     
     
     
     Ryukyu Minivets have been seen during FONT Japan Tours 
     in Kyushu, Amami, & Okinawa 
     
     
     CUCKOO-SHRIKE
     
     The Cuckoo-Shrikes and the Minivets are in same family: CAMPEPHAGIDAE
     
     
384. Black-winged Cuckoo-Shrike  (Asakura-sanshokui)  (JAr)  ______ 
     Coracina melaschistos
     
     
     WOODSWALLOW
     
     
385. White-breasted Woodswallow  (JAr)  ______
     Artamus leucorynchus 
     
     The White-breasted Woodswallow is essentially a resident in southeast Asia and Australia, but it has occurred in Japan as a vagrant.  
     
     
     SHRIKES
     
     
386. Bull-headed Shrike  (Mozu)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HI:may  HK:jun  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:feb,dec
     Lanius b. bucephalus
     
     
387. Brown Shrike  (Aka-mozu = red-tailed shrike)  (JArw) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:nov  HI:may  OK:jan
     Lanius cristatus 
     Lanius c. lucionensis  (subspecies that occurs on Okinawa)
     Lanius c. superciliosus  (subspecies breeds on Hokkaido & Honshu, the "Japanese Shrike") 
     
     
388. Tiger (or Thick-billed) Shrike (Chigo-mozu = child shrike)  (*) ______  SS   HI:may
     Lanius tigrinus  (monotypic)
     
     
389. Long-tailed (or Rufous-backed) Shrike (Takaago-mozu)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  KY:jan
     Lanius s. schach
     
     
390. Great Grey Shrike  (O-mozu = large shrike)  (*) (ph) ______ FW  HK:jan 
     Lanius excubitor bianchii
     
     The Great Grey Shrike is called the Northern Shrike in North America.
     
     
391. Chinese Grey Shrike  (O-kara-mozu = large shrike of old China)  (JAr)  ______  
     Lanius sphenocercus 
     
     
392. Red-backed Shrike  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Lanius c. collurio
     
     The Red-backed Shrike has occurred as an accidental species in Japan, where it has overwintered in Kyushu. 
     
     
     ORIOLE & DRONGOS
     
     
393. Black-naped Oriole  (Korai-uguisu)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______  SS  HI:may
     Oriolus chinensis diffusus
     
     
     
     A Black-naped Oriole during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island 
     
     
394. Black Drongo  (Ochu)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS  HI:may
     Dicrurus macrocercus
     (The subspecies in China is D. m. cathoecus; the subspecies endemic to Taiwan is D. m. harterti.) 
     
     
395. Ashy Drongo  (JAr)  ______
     Dicrurus leucophaeus
     
     The Ashy Drongo is a resident in southeast Asia and a summer visitor in eastern China. Overshoots have occurred in southern and offshore Japan, with late-autumn records in Nansei Shoto.
     
     
396. Hair-crested Drongo  (JAr)  ______
     Dicrurus hottentottus
     
     The Hair-crested Drongo is a resident in southeast Asia, and a summer visitor in eastern China. Overshoots have occurred on offshore Japanese islands.  
     
     
     CORVIDS
     
     
397. Eurasian Jay  (Kakesu = hang-nest)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec
     Garrulus glandarius
     Garrulus g. brandtii  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
     Garrulus g. japonicus  (subspecies on Honshu & Kyushu)
     (2 other subspecies occur on other Japanese islands)
     
     
398. Amami Jay  (Ruri-kakesu)  (t3) (JAe) (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec 
     Garrulus lidthi  (monotypic)
     
     The Amami Jay has also been called the Lidth's Jay.  
     
     
     
     An Amami Jay photographed during a FONT Tour.
     The species is endemic to that Japanese island, 
     and one smaller island nearby.
        
     
399. Spotted Nutcracker  (Hoshi-garasu = star, or spotted crow)  (*) ______ SS  FW   HN:may,jun,oct
     Nucifraga caryocatactes japonica  (in the Northern group)
     
     
400. Azure-winged Magpie  (Onaga = long tail)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec
     Cyanopica cyana japonica
     
     
401. Oriental Magpie  (Kasasagi)  (JAi) (*) ______ FW   HK:feb  KY:jan  
     Pica sericea
     
     Recent evidence indicates that both populations of what has been the Eurasian Magpie in eastern Asia, the Kamchatka Magpie and the Oriental Magpie of Amurland, Korea, Japan, & China, differ substantially enough in DNA from western Eurasian birds to be considered a separate species. However, their exact ranges and any morphological and vocal differences are still unclear.
     The Eurasian Magpie. Pica pica, was considered conspecific with the Black-billed Magpie of North America, Pica hudsonia.
     
     
402. Daurian Jackdaw  (Kokumaru-garasu = black-ball crow)  (*) ______  FW   HN:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov
     Coloeus (formerly Corvus) dauuricus  (monotypic)
     
     
403. Rook  (Miyama-garasu = mountain-country crow)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:apr,may  HK:jan  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:dec
     Corvus frugilegus pastinator
     
     
404. Carrion Crow  (Hashiboso-garasu = thin-billed crow)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec
     Corvus corone orientalis
     
     
405. Large-billed Crow  (Hashibuto-garasu = thick-billed crow)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov   
     Corvus macrorhynchos
     Corvus m. japonensis  (subspecies on Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)
     Corvus m. connectens  (subspecies on Amami & Okinawa)
     (1, maybe 2, other subspecies occur on various Japanese islands)  
     Corvus m. osai  (subspecies on the Yaeyama Islands)
     
     The Large-billed Crow was considered conspecific with the Jungle Crow of southern Asia, Corvus levaillantii. 
     Proposed taxonomy would be: Japanese Crow, Corvus j. japonensis & C. j, connectens & C. m. osai. 
     
     
406. Northern Raven  (Watari-garasu = migrant crow)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ FW   HK:jan,feb,dec
     Corvus corax kamtschaticus  
     
     
     TITS & PENDULINE TIT
     
     
407. Marsh Tit  (Hashibuto-gara = thick-billed tit)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
     Poecile (formerly Parus) palustris hensoni 
     
     
408. Willow Tit  (Ko-gara = little tit)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  HK:jan,feb,may,jun  KY:jan,may,nov
     Poecile (formerly Parus) montanus restrictus 
     (Poecile m. sachalinensis, (a slightly paler subspecies, from Sakhalin Island, that may occur on Hokkaido as a vagrant.
     
     
409. Varied Tit  (Yama-gara = mountain tit)  (JAneb) (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,nov,dec  HI:may(once)  HK:jan,feb,may,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Poecile (formerly Parus) varius
     Poecile v. varius  (subspecies on Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)
     Poecile v. amami  (subspecies on Amami & Okinawa)
     (Other subspecies occur on various Japanese islands, Poecile v. yakushimensis also on Amami Is. as a non-breeding visitant)
     
     
410. Coal Tit  (Hi-gara = sun tit)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  HI:apr(once)  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,dec  KY:jan,may,nov,dec
     Periparus (formerly Parus) ater insularis 
     
     
411. Eastern Great Tit  (or "Japanese Tit")  (Shiju-kara = "forty" titmouse, referring to the call note) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov,dec  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Parus minor
     Parus m. minor  (subspecies on Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)
     Parus m. amamiensis  (subspecies on Amami)
     Parus m. okinawae  (subspecies on Okinawa) 
     
     The Eastern Great Tit was considered conspecific with the Northern Great Tit of western Eurasia, Parus major. 
     
     
412. Southern Great Tit  ______
     Parus cinereus nigriloris
     
     The Southern Great Tit occurs in Japan in southern Nansei Shoto on the islands of Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima.
     
     
413. Azure Tit  (JAr)  ______
     Cyanistes cyanus
     
     The Azure Tit has occurred in Japan as a vagrant in Hokkaido. 
     
     
414. Chinese Penduline Tit  (Tsurisu-gara)  (*) ______ FW  KY:jan,feb    
     Remiz consobrinus
     
     The Chinese Penduline Tit was considered conspecific with other Penduline Tits across Eurasia - now 4 species.
     
     
     WAXWINGS
     
     
415. Japanese Waxwing  (Hi-renjaku = red-flocking sparrow)  (nt) (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,apr  HI:may  HK:jan,may  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan  
     Bombycilla japonica  (monotypic)
     
     The Japanese Waxwing is not a Japanese breeder.
     
     
416. Bohemian Waxwing  (Ki-renjaku = yellow-flocking sparrow)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:may  HK:jan  AM:jan
     Bombycilla garrulus (centralasiae) 
     
     
     SWALLOWS & MARTINS
     
     
417. Barn Swallow  (Tsubame)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct  HI:apr,may  HK:may  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,dec  OK:jan,feb,may
     Hirundo rustica
     (2 subspecies recorded in Japan: Hirundo r. gutturalis (mostly), and Hirundo r. saturata)
     
     
418. Pacific Swallow  (Ryukyu-tsubame)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:jan,may
     Hirundo tahitica namiyae
     
     
419. Red-rumped Swallow  (Koshiaka-tsubame = red-rumped swallow)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:may  HI:may  KY:nov  AM:may
     Cecropis (formerly Hirundo) daurica japonica
     
     
420. Sand Martin (or Bank Swallow)  (Shodo-tsubame - burrow swallow) (*) ______ SS   HN:apr,may  HI:apr,may  HK:jun
     Riparia riparia iijimae
     
     
421. Grey-throated Martin  (JAr)  ______
     Riparia chinensis
     
     The Grey-throated Martin of southern Asia has occurred as an accidental in southern Japan.
     
     
422. Asian House Martin  (Iwa-tsubame = rock swallow)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may,jun  HK:may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,nov  AM:jan  OK:jan,feb  
     Delichon d. dasypus
     
     The Asian House Martin was considered conspecific with the Northern House Martin of Europe and east into Siberia. 
     
     
423. Northern House Martin  (JAr)  ______
     Delichon urbicum
     
     Northern House Martins from Siberia occur as rare migrants in Japan. Some winter in southeast China. 
     
     
     LONG-TAILED TIT
     
     
424. Long-tailed Bushtit  (Enaga = long handle)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HK:jan,may,dec  KY:jan,may,nov,dec   
     Aegithalos caudatus 
     Aegithalos c. japonicus  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
     Aegithalos c. trivirgatus  (subspecies on Honshu)
     Aegithalos c. kiusiuensis  (subspecies on Kyushu)
     A.c. japonicus in the Caudatus group, with head & throat white  
     A.c. trivirgatus & kiusiuensis in the Europaeus group, with head having dark lateral crown stripes 
     
     The Long-tailed Bushtit has been called Long-tailed Tit.
     
     
     LARKS
     
     
425. Greater Short-toed Lark (JAr)  (Hime-kotenshi = Sakhalin small lark)  (*) ______ SS  HI:apr,may
     Calandrella cinerea longipennis 
     
     
426. Asian Short-toed Lark  (Ko-hibari)  (JAr) ______
     Calandrella cheleensis
     
     
427. Eurasian Skylark  (Hibari)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HI:apr  HK:jan,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec 
     Alauda arvensis japonica  ("Japanese Skylark": a resident in much of Japan)
     Alauda arvensis pekinensis  (HI)
     (A. a. pekinensis & A. a. lonnbergi are subspecies from mainland Asia that have occurred in Japan)
     
     
428. Horned (or Shore) Lark  (Hama-hibari = shore lark)  (JAr)  ______
     Eremophila alpestris 
     
     
429. Bimaculated Lark  (Kubiwa kotenshi = collared angel)  (JAr)  ______
     Melanocorypha bimaculata
     
     The Bimaculated Lark has been accidental in winter in the Ryukyu Islands, from December to April.
     It is a central Asian species.
     
     
430. Mongolian Lark  (JAr)  ______
     Melanocorypha mongolica  (monotypic) 
     
     
     BULBULS
     
     
431. Brown-eared Bulbul  (Hiyodori)  (JAneb) (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Microscelis (formerly Hypsipetes) amaurotis
     Microscelis a. amaurotis  (subspecies on Hokkaido, Honshu, & Kyushu)
     Microscelis a. ogawae  (subspecies on Amami)
     Microscelis a. pryeri  (subspecies on Okinawa)
     (other subspecies occur on other, smaller, Japanese islands & in Taiwan)
     
     
     
     Brown-eared Bulbul, photographed during the FONT Jan/Feb 2009 tour in Japan
     (photo by Karl Frafjord)
     
     
432. Light-vented Bulbul  (Shirogashira)  (*) ______ SS,FW   OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov 
     Pycnonotus sinensis orii
     
     
433. Himalayan Black Bulbul  (JAr)  ______  
     Hypsipetes leucocephalus
     
     The Himalayan Black Bulbul is a summer visitor in eastern Asia. It has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan. 
     
     
     OLD WORLD WARBLERS
     
     
434. Zitting Cisticola  (Sekka = under the snow)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may,jun  KY:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov      
     Cisticola juncidis brunniceps  
     
     The Zitting Cisticola was called the Fan-tailed Warbler, but there's a species so-named in Mexico, totally unrelated; also, now the cisticolas are not in the same family as the Old World Warblers.
     
     
435. Plain Prinia  (JAr)  ______
     Prinia inornata
     
     The Plain Prinia of eastern China & Taiwan has occurred in Japan as an accidental in Okinawa. 
     
     
436. Asian Stubtail  (Yabusame = bamboo shark)  (*)  ______ SS   HN:jun  HI:apr  HK:may,jun  KY:may 
     Cettia s. squameiceps
     
     The Asian Stubtail was called the Short-tailed Bush Warbler. 
     
     
437. Japanese Bush Warbler  (Uguisu)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov   
     Cettia diphone
     Cettia d. sakhalinensis  (subspecies on Honshu & Kyushu, non-breeding, winter)
     Cettia d. cantans  (subspecies on Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, breeding)
     Cettia d. riukiuensis  (subspecies on Amami & Okinawa)
     
     
     
     The Japanese Bush Warbler seen and heard during FONT Japan Tours
     in the Spring & the Winter  
     
     
438. Korean Bush Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Cettia canturians borealis
     
     The Korean Bush Warbler winters in southern Nansei Shoto  on Yaeyama Island. 
     
     
439. Lanceolated (Grasshopper) Warbler  (Makino-sennyu = pasture grasshopper warbler)  (*) ______ SS  HK:jun
     Locustella lancolata hendersonii
     
     
440. Gray's (Grasshopper) Warbler  (Ezo-sennyu = Hokkaido hermit, or gnome)  (*)  ______ SS   HI:may
     Locustella fasciolata amnicola
     
     The subspecies of the Gray's Warbler, L. f. amnicola, is sometimes considered distinct as the Stepanyan's Warbler, summering on Hokkaido, the southern Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin. 
     
     
441. Middendorff's Warbler  (Shima-sennyu = island grasshopper warbler)  (JAr)  ______
     Locustella ochotensis
     
     
442. Pallas's (Grasshopper) Warbler  (Shiberia-sennyu = Siberian grasshopper warbler)  (JAr)  ______
     Locustella certhiola
     
     
443. Pleske's Warbler  (t3) (JAr)  ______
     Locustella pleskei
     
     Another name of the Pleske's Warbler has been Styan's Grasshopper Warbler.
     
     
444. Marsh Grassbird  (O-sekka)  (t3) (*) ______ SS  HN:apr,may  
     Megalurus p. pryeri 
     
     The Marsh Grassbird has also been called the Japanese Marsh Warbler.
     
     
445. Black-browed (or Schenk's) Reed Warbler  (Ko-yoshikiri = lesser reed-cutter)  (*) ______ SS  HI:may  HK:jun
     Acrocephalus bistrigiceps  (monotypic)
     
     
446. Oriental Reed Warbler  (O-yoshikiri = large reed-cutter)  (*) ______ SS  HN:apr,may,jun  HI:apr,may   
     Acrocephalus orientalis
     
     The Oriental Reed Warbler was considered conspecific with the Great Reed Warbler of Europe, Acrocephalus orientalis.
     
     
447. Thick-billed Warbler  (Hasibuto-oyoshikiri = big-billed large reed-cutter)  (JAr)  ______
     Acrocephalus aedon rufescens
     
     
448. Streaked Reed Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Acrocephalus sorghophilus
     
     The Streaked Reed Warbler has occurred as an accidental species in southern Japan, on the island of Yonaguni-jima.
     
     
449. Paddyfield Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Acrocephalus agricola
     
     The Paddyfield Warbler has occurred as an accidental in Japan.
     
     
450. Blyth's Reed Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Acrocephalus dumetorum
     
     The Blyth's Reed Warbler has occurred as an accidental in Japan in Hokkaido and Okinawa.
     
     
451. Booted Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Hippolais caligata
     
     The Booted Warbler has occurred as an accidental in Japan.
     
     
452. Eastern Crowned Warbler  (Sendai-mushikui = Sendai insect-eater)  (*) (ph) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  
     Phylloscopus coronatus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     The Eastern Crowned Warbler, found during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring 
     
     
453. Sakhalin Leaf Warbler  (Ezo-mushikui = Hokkaido insect-eater)  (*)  ______ SS  HN:may  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun   
     Phylloscopus borealoides  (monotypic)
     
     The Sakhalin Leaf Warbler was part of the Pale-legged Leaf Warbler. 
     
     
454. Pale-legged Leaf Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus tenellipes
     
     The Pale-legged Leaf Warbler breeds only in continental Asia, from the Amur River south to northern Korea. It is a rare migrant in Japan.
     
     
455. Ijima's Leaf Warbler  (Ijima-mushikui = Ijima's insect-eater)  (t3) (JAeb)  ______   
     Phylloscopus ijimae  (monotypic)
     
     The Ijima's Leaf Warbler was historically included in the Eastern and Western Crowned Warblers and in the Pale-legged Leaf Warbler.
     
     
456. Arctic Warbler  (Meboso-mushikui = Meboso insect-eater)  (*) ______ SS,FW  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  HI:may  HN:jan  
     Phylloscopus borealis 
     
     Several subspecies of the Arctic Warbler have been described based on subtle morphological characteristics, but the taxonomy varies considerably among different authors. Here, we give the following:
     
     Phylloscopus b. borealis, breeds in far eastern Russia. It winters in southeast Asia and Indonesia.
     Phylloscopus borealis kennicotti, breeds in western & central Alaska. It migrates through eastern Asia including Japan & Taiwan. It winters in Nansei Shoto in Japan, and in the Philippines and Indonesia.    
     
     And the following two species we split here from the Arctic Warbler:    
     
     
457. Japanese Leaf Warbler  ______  
     Phylloscopus xanthodryas 
     
     The Japanese Leaf Warbler breeds in Japan except on Hokkaido, where the following species breeds. 
     
     This, and the previous and the following species, move through Japan during their northward and southward migrations. 
     
     
458. Kamchatka Leaf Warbler  (*)  ______  SS  HI:may
     Phylloscopus examinandus 
     
     The Kamchatka Leaf Warbler breeds on at least the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Siberia, and on Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, and in Japan on Hokkaido.  
     It winters, as do the previous two species, in the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as elsewhere in southeast Asia. 
     
     
459. Yellow-browed Warbler  (Kimayu-mushikui)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______  FW SS   HI:may  AM:jan,nov
     Phylloscopus inornatus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Yellow-browed Warbler
     
     
460. Dusky Warbler  (Muji-sekka)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS  HI:may
     Phylloscopus f. fuscatus
     
     
461. Radde's Warbler  (JAr)  (Karafuto-muji-sekka)  (*) ______  SS  HI:may
     Phylloscopus schwarzi  (monotypic)
     
     
462. Siberian Chiffchaff  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Phylloscopus tristus
     
     The Siberian Chiffchaff is an accidental migrant in offshore Japan, and rare in Japan in the winter.
     
     
463. Mandelli's Leaf Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus humei mandellii
     
     The Mandell's Leaf Warbler is part of the Hume's Warbler, closely related to the Yellow-browed Warbler.
     
     
464. Pallas's Leaf Warbler  (Karafuto-mushikui)  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus proregulus
     
     
465. Wood Warbler  (Mori-mushikui)  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus sibilatrix
     
     
466. Willow Warbler  (Kita-yanagi-mushikui)  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus trochilus
     
     The Willow Warbler is probably an annual offshore migrant in Japan from September to November.
     
     
467. Tickell's Leaf Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus affinis
     
     The Tickell's Leaf Warbler, that breeds in the Himalayas and western China, is an accidental in offshore Japan.
     
     
468. Greenish Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus trochiloides
     
     The Greenish Warbler, that breeds in Eurasia east to central China, has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan.
     
     
469. Two-barred Greenish Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Phylloscopus (trochiloides) plumbeitarsus
     
     The Two-barred Greenish Warbler is said to be the eastern subspecies of the Greenish Warbler, but some say that it is possibly a full species.
     It occurs as an accidental in offshore Japan.
     
     
470. Lesser Whitethroat  (JAr)  ______
     Sylvia curruca blythi
     
     The Lesser Whitethroat has occurred as an accidental in Japan.  
     
     
     LAUGHING THRUSHES & LEIOTHRIX
     
     
471. Moustached Laughing Thrush  (JAi)  ______   (now widespread on the island of Shikoku)
     Garrulax cineraceus 
     
     In Japan, the Moustached Laughing Thrush is now widespread on the island of Shikoku. 
     
     
472. Chinese Hwamei  (JAi) (*)  ______  FW  HN:oct
     Garrulax canorus
     
     The Chinese Hwamei is now well established in central & southern Japan.
     
     
473. Red-billed Leiothrix  (Soushicho)  (JAi) (*) ______  SS,FW   KY:jan,may
     Leiothrix lutea  
     
     
     PARROTBILLS
     
     
474. Bearded Reedling  (Higegara = bearded titmouse)  (JAr)  ______ 
     Panurus biarmicus russicus
     
     The Bearded Reedling occurs as a vagrant in Japan in the winter.
     
     
475. Vinous-throated Parrotbill  (JAr)  ______
     Paradoxornis webbianus
     
     A common resident in Korea and elsewhere in eastern continental Asia, the Vinous-throated Parrotbill has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan. 
     
     
     WHITE-EYES
     
     
476. Japanese White-eye  (Mejiro = white eye)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Zosterops japonica
     Zosterops j. japonica  (subspecies on Honshu, Kyushu)
     Zosterops j. yesoensis  (subspecies on Hokkaido & the southern Sakhalin Islands)  
     Zosterops j. loochooensis  (subspecies on Amami & Okinawa)
     (other subspecies occur on various, smaller, Japanese islands: Z. j. stejnegeri & Z. j. alani)
     
     
477. Chestnut-flanked White-eye  (Chosen-mejiro)  (JAr)  ______
     Zosterops erythropleura
     
     
478. Bonin Honeyeater  (Meguro)  (t3) (JAe)  ______  
     Apalapteron (or Zosterops) familare hahasima: subspecies on Haha Island  
     
     Another subspecies, the nominate, A. f. familiare, is now presumed extinct. It was on the islands of Mukojima and Chichijima. 
     
     Apalapteron familare has also been called the Bonin Islands Honeyeater. 
     Another name has been the Bonin White-eye. 
     
     
     GOLDCREST
     
     
479. Goldcrest  (Kikuitadaki = chrysanthemum crown)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,may  HK:jan,jun,nov,dec
     Regulus regulus japonensis
     
     
     WREN
     
     
480. Eurasian Wren  (Misosazai)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HK:jan,jun,dec  KY:jan,may,jul,nov
     Troglodytes (or Nannus) troglodytes fumigatus
     
     
     NUTHATCHES
     
     
481. Eurasian Nuthatch  (Goju-kara = "fifty tit")  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  KY:jan,feb,may,nov
     Sitta europaea
     Sitta e. amurensis  (subspecies on Honshu)
     Sitta e. roseilia  (subspecies on Kyushu)
     (this species in the Europaea group)
     
     
482. Siberian Nuthatch  (*) (ph)  ______  SS,FW   HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec
     Sitta asiatica 
     (this species in the Europaea group)
     
     
     
     A Siberian Nuthatch photographed in Hokkaido
     
     
483. Eurasian Treecreeper  (Kivashiri = tree runner)  (*) ______  FW   HN:jan  HK:jan,feb,nov
     Certhia familiaris
     Certhia f. daurica  (subspecies on Hokkaido)
     Certhia f. japonica  (subspecies on Honshu)
     (these 2 subspecies in the northern Familiaris group)
     
     
     STARLINGS & MYNAS
     
     
484. Common Starling  (Hoshi-mukudori)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ FW  KY:jan,feb,nov  OK:jan,feb
     Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi
     
     
     
     The Common Starling is 1 of 6 species of starlings we've seen during FONT tours in Japan.
     Occurring there in the winter, it is a rarity.
     (photo by Doris Potter)
           
     
485. White-cheeked (or Grey) Starling  (Mukudori = bird of the muku tree)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:feb  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:dec  OK:jan,feb,may 
     Sturnus cineraceus  (monotypic)
     
     Another name for the White-cheeked, or Gray, Starling has been Ashy Starling.
     
     
486. White-shouldered Starling  (Kara-mukudori = starling of old China)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  KY:jan  OK:jan,feb   
     Sturnus sinensis  (monotypic)
     
     The White-shouldered Starling has also been called the Gray-backed Starling or Myna.
      
     
487. Red-billed Starling  (Gin-mukudori)  (JAr) (*)  ______  FW  KY:jan  OK:feb 
     Sturnus sericeus  (monotypic)
     
     The Red-billed Starling has also been called the Silky Starling.
     
     
488. Chestnut-cheeked Starling  (Ko-mukudori = little starling)  (nt) (JAeb) (*) ______ SS  FW  HN:may,jun,oct  HI:may   
     Sturnus philippensis  (monotypic)
     
     The Chestnut-cheeked Starling has also been called the Violet-backed Starling or Myna.
     
     
489. Daurian (or Purple-backed) Starling  (Shiberia-mukudori)  (JAr) (*) ______  SS  HI:may
     Sturnus sturninus  (monotypic)
     
     
490. Asian Pied Starling  (JAr)  ______
     Sturnus contra
     
     The Asian Pied Starling is a resident in southern Asia from India to Indonesia.
     There are established feral populations of the species in central Honshu.
     
     
491. Rosy Starling  (JAr)  ______
     Pastor roseus
     
     The Rosy Starling breeds in central Eurasia, and winters in southern Asia.
     It has strayed to Japan. 
     
     
492. Crested Myna  (Hakkacho)  (JAi) (*) ______ FW  HN:jan
     Acridotheres cristatellus
     
     
493. Javan Myna  (JAi)  ______
     Acridotheres javanicus
     
     The Javan Myna is introduced in Japan in central Honshu, where feral populations are now established. In it natural range, the species is endemic to Java.
     
     
494. Bank Myna  (JAi)  ______
     Acridotheres ginginianus
     
     The Bank Myna is introduced in Japan, where it is found locally.
     
     
495. Asian Glossy Starling  (JAr)  ______
     Aplonis panayensis
     
     The Asian Glossy Starling is an accidental in southern Japan in the early spring in March & April. 
     
     
     THRUSHES
     
     
496. White-browed Shortwing  (JAr)  ______
     Brachypteryx montana sinensis
     
     The subspecies of the White-browed Shortwing, B. m. sinensis, lives in southeast China.
     It has occurred (once) in Japan on Hegura Island. The bird was said to be possibly an escapee.
     
     
497. Blue Rock Thrush  (Iso-hiyodori = beach bulbul)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,oct  HI:apr,may  KY:jan.feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov  NS:jan,may
     Monticola solitarius philippensis  (the "Red-bellied Rock Thrush")
     
     
498. White-throated Rock Thrush  (Hima-isohiyo)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ SS   HI:may  
     Monticola gularis  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Very much a rarity in Japan, this White-throated Rock Thrush
     was found on Hegura Island during a FONT tour in May 2005.
     
     
499. Rufous-tailed (or White-backed) Rock Thrush  (Koshijiro-isohiyo)  (JAr)  ______
     Monticola saxatilis
     
     
500. White's (Ground) Thrush  (Tora-tsugumi = tiger thrush)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HI:feb,apr,may  KY:jan  AM:jan,feb,dec  
     Zoothera aurera toratugumi 
     
     The White's Ground Thrush was considered conspecific with the Scaly Ground Thrush of southeast Asia.
     
     
501. Amami (Ground) Thrush  (O-tora-tsugumi)  (t1) (JAe) (*) ______  SS,FW   AM:jan,may,jul,nov,dec  
     Zoothera amami  (monotypic)
     
     
502. Siberian (Ground) Thrush  (Mamijiro = white eye-brow)  (*) (ph)  ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:may  
     Zoothera sibirica davisoni
     
     
     
     A male Siberian Thrush
     
     
503. Kittlitz's (or Bonin Islands) Thrush  (Ogasawara-gabicho)  (JAe)  ______  (now extinct)
     Zoothera (formerly Cichlopasser) terrestris
     
     
504. Gray-cheeked Thrush  (JAr)  ______
     Catharus minimus
     
     
505. Brown-headed Thrush  (Akahara = red-belly)  (JAneb) (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  KY:nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan
     Turdus c. chrysolaus
     
     The Brown-headed Thrush has been called Brown Thrush.
     
     
506. Pale Thrush  (Shirohara = white-belly)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Turdus pallidus  (monotypic)
     
     
507. Eye-browed (or Grey-headed) Thrush  (Mamichajinai = brown eye-browed bird)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:may,oct  HI:may  HK:may  KY:nov
     Turdus obscurus  (monotypic)
     
     
508. Dusky Thrush  (Tsugumi)  (JArs) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov 
     Turdus eunomus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Dusky Thrush photographed during a FONT tour in Japan
     
     
509. Naumann's Thrush  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:apr,may  AM:feb  
     Turdus naumanni  (monotypic)
     
     The Naumann's Thrush was considered conspecific with the Dusky Thrush.
     
     
     
     A Naumann's Thrush during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island  
     
     
510. Japanese (Grey) Thrush  (Kuro-tsugumi = black thrush)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:apr,may  HI:apr,may  HK:may  AM;dec
     Turdus cardis  (monotypic)  
     
     The Japanese Thrush has been called the Grey Thrush, but there's another species with that name in Africa.
     The name Japanese Thrush notwithstanding, the species is not endemic to Japan, occurring also in China & Korea.    
     
     
511. Izu Islands Thrush  (Akakokko)  (t3) (JAe)  ______
     Turdus calaenops
     
     
512. Grey-backed Thrush  (Kara-akahara)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus hortulorum
     
     
513. Red-throated Thrush  (Nodoguro-tsugumi)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus ruficollis
     
     The Red-throated Thrush was part of the Dark-throated Thrush. Both species are Asian. 
     
     
514. Black-throated Thrush  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus atrogularis
     
     The Black-throated Thrush breeds in central Asia. It has been an accidental in Japan.
     
     
515. Eurasian Blackbird  (Kuro-utadorui)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus merlula
     
     
516. Fieldfare  (Nohara-tsugumi)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus pilaris
     
     There are several winter records of the Fieldfare in Japan.
     
     
517. Redwing  (Wakiaka-tsugumi = red-flanked thrush)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Turdus iliacus
     
     The Redwing has been an accidental in Japan in the winter.
     
     
518. Song Thrush  (Uta-tsugumi)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus philomelos
     
     The Song Thrush has been an accidental in Japan in the winter.
     
     
519. Mistle Thrush  (Yadorigi-tsugumi)  (JAr)  ______
     Turdus viscivorus 
     
     There are several winter records of the Mistle Thrush in Japan.
     
     
520. European Robin  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Erithacus rubecula
     
     The European Robin has been an accidental in Japan from May to November.
     
     
521. Japanese Robin  (Komadori = steed bird)  (JAneb) (*) ______ SS  HN:apr,may  HI:apr  HK:may  KY:may
     Erithacus a. akahige
     
     
522. Ryukyu Robin  (Akahige = red whiskers)  (nt) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   AM:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov
     Erithacus komadori
     Erithacus k. komadori (on Amami)
     Erithacus k. namiyei (on Okinawa)
     
     From the Japanese common names for the Japanese & Ryukyu Robins, notice that the scientific names for the 2 species were erroneously applied. 
     
     
     
     Ryukyu Robin, seen during FONT Japan Tours in Amami & Okinawa 
     
     
523. Swinhoe's (or Rufous-tailed) Robin  (Shima-goma = striped steed)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______  SS   HI:may
     Luscinia sibilans  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Swinhoe's, or Rufous-tailed, Robin during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island 
     
     
524. Siberian Rubythroat   (No-goma = field steed)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HI:apr,may  HK:jun  AM:jan 
     Luscinia calliope camtschhatkensis
     
     
     
     A Siberian Ruby-throat during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island 
     
     
525. Bluethroat  (Ogawa-komadori = Ogawa's robin)  (JArw) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HI:may  AM:jan 
     Luscinia s. svecicus
     
     
     
     The Bluethroat was one of the migrants seen on 
     Hegura Island during the FONT Japan spring tour
     in 2007.    
     
     
526. Siberian Blue Robin  (Ko-ruri = lesser azure) (*) ______ SS   HN:may,jun  HI:may
     Luscinia cyane bachaiensis  
     
     
527. Red-flanked Bluetail   (Ruri-bitaki = azure chat)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:nov  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan   
     Luscinia (formerly Tarsiger) c. cyanurus
     
     What was the Himalayan population of the Red-flanked Bluetail, the Orange-flanked Bush Robin, is no longer included in Luscinia cyanurus. 
     
     
     
     A Red-flanked Bluetail photographed during a FONT tour in Japan 
     
     
528. Daurian Redstart  (Jo-bitaki = common chat)  (*) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,oct,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Phoenicurus a. auroreus
     
     
529. Black Redstart  (Kuro-jo-bitaki)  (JAr) (*) ______  SS  HI:apr
     Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides
     
     
530. Common Redstart  (JAr)  ______
     Phoenicurus p. phoenicurus
     
     The Common Redstart is normally in western & central Eurasia.
     The subspecies P. p. phoenicurus has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan in October & November, and in the nearby Kuril Islands.
     
     
531. Siberian Stonechat  (No-bitaki = field chat)  (*)  ______  SS  HN:apr,may  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun
     Saxicola stejnegeri
     
     
532. Pied Bushchat  (Kuro-ko-bitaki)  (JAr)  ______
     Saxicola caprata
     
     The Pied Bushchat has been an accidental in southern Japan in the winter, occurring from January to March.  
     
     
533. Grey Bushchat  (Yamazaki-hitaki)  (JAr)  ______
     Saxicola ferrea 
     
     The Grey Bushchat is mostly a resident, or a local migrant, in China. It has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan. 
     
     
534. Whinchat  (JAr)  ______
     Saxicola rubetra
     
     The Whinchat, of mostly western Eurasia, has occurred as an accidental in Japan.
     
     
     WHEATEARS
     
     
535. Desert Wheatear  (Sabaku-hitaki)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ FW 
     Oenanthe d. deserti
     
     
     
     This Desert Wheatear was seen in Tokyo during 
     one of the FONT Japan winter tours.
     The species is a rarity in Japan.
        
     
536. Pied Wheatear  (Seguro-sabaku-hitaki)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Oenanthe p. pleschanka
     
     
537. Isabelline Wheater  (Inaba-hitaki = Inaba chat)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS   HI:may 
     Oenanthe isabellina 
     
     Inaba was an old province in Japan, in southern Honshu, in an area that is today the eastern part of the Tottori prefecture.
     A specimen of Oenanthe isabellina was taken there back sometime between 1905 and 1910. 
     
     
538. Northern Wheatear  (Hashiguro-hitaki)  (JAr)  (ph)  ______
     Oenanthe o. oenanthe 
     
     The Northern Wheatear has occurred in Japan from Hokkaido to Tsushima, and on Ogasawara and Iwo Islands. 
     
     
     OLD WORLD FLYCATCHERS
     
     
539. Blue-and-white Flycatcher  (O-ruri = large azure)  (*) ______ SS  HN:may,jun  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  KY:may 
     Cyanoptila c. cyanomelana
     
     
     
     The Blue-and-white Flycatcher, seen & heard 
     during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring
     
     
540. Asian Brown Flycatcher  (Ko-same-bitaki = small shark flycatcher)  (*) ______ SS  HN:may  HI:apr,may  HK;jun
     Muscicapa d. dauurica  (formerly M. latirostris)
     
     
541. Dark-sided Flycatcher  (Same-bitaki = shark flycatcher)  (*) ______ SS  HN:may,oct  HI:may  HK:jun
     Muscicapa s. sibirica
     
     The Dark-sided Flycatcher was called Siberian Flycatcher. Another name that has been applied to the Dark-sided Flycatcher has been Sooty Flycatcher, which is inappropriate, however, as there's a bird so-named in Africa.   
     
     
542. Gray-streaked Flycatcher  (Ezo-bitaki = Hokkaido flycatcher)  (*) ______ SS  HI:may
     Muscicapa griseisticta  (monotypic)
     
     
543. Taiga Flycatcher  (Ojiro-bitaki)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS   HI:may  
     Muscicapa albicilla  (monotypic)
     
     The Taiga Flycatcher was part of the Red-breasted Flycatcher, Muscicapa parva, which has also occurred as an accidental in Japan.
       
     
544. Red-breasted Flycatcher  (JAr)  ______
     Muscicapa parva
     
     
545. Ferruginous Flycatcher  (Miyama-bitaki)  (JAr)  ______
     Muscicapa ferriginea
     
     The Ferruginous Flycatcher is a summer visitor in China, Taiwan, and it winters in southeast Asia.
     It is nearly an annual vagrant in southern Japan in March & April. 
     
     
546. Mugimaki Flycatcher  (Mugimaki = wheat-sower)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS,FW   HI:may  KY:jan 
     Ficedula mugimaki  (monotypic)
     
     
547. Narcissus Flycatcher  (Ki-bitaki = yellow flycatcher)  (JAneb) (*) (ph) ______ SS   HN:may  HI:apr,may  HK:jun  KY:may 
     Ficedula narcissina  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photos above of Narcissus Flycatchers, one of the nicest birds
     to be seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring 
     
     
548. Ryukyu Flycatcher  (Ryukyu Ki-bitaki)  (t2) (JAe) (*) ______  SS,FW   AM:jan,may,nov  OK:jan,feb 
     Ficedula owstoni  (monotypic)
     
     The Ryukyu Flycatcher was considered part of the Narcissus Flycatcher.
     
     
549. Yellow-rumped (or Tricolored) Flycatcher  (Mamijiro-ki-bitaki)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______ SS  HI:may
     Ficedula zanthopygia  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Yellow-rumped Flycatcher during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island
     
     
550. Chinese Flycatcher  (JAr)  ______
     Ficedula elisae  (monotypic)
     
     
551. European Pied Flycatcher  (JAr)  ______
     Ficedula hypoleuca
     
     The European Pied Flycatcher has occurred as an accidental in Japan in October.
     
     
552. Vivid Niltava  (JAr)  ______
     Niltava vivida
     
     The Vivid Niltava has occurred as an accidental in southern Nansei Shoto on the islands of Okinawa and Yonaguni-jima.
     
     
     MONARCH
     
     
553. Japanese Paradise Flycatcher  (Sankocho = bird of three rays)  (nt) (JAneb) (*) ______ SS  HI:may  KY:may  AM:may  OK:may   
     Terpsiphone atrocaudata illex  (subspecies on Kyushu & Nansei Shoto islands)
     Terpsiphone a. atrocaudata  (subspecies on Honshu, & Hegura Island) 
     
     The Japanese Paradise Flycatcher has also been called Black Paradise Flycatcher.
     
     
     DIPPER
      
     
554. Brown (or Pallas') Dipper  (Kawagarasu = river crow)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  HK:jan,feb,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec
     Cinclus p. pallasii 
     
     
     SPARROWS & WEAVER
     
     
555. Russet (or Cinnamon) Sparrow  (Nyunai-suzume = go-inside sparrow)  (*) ______ SS,FW  HI:apr  HK:may,jun  KY:jan,jul,dec
     Passer r. rutilans
     
     
556. Eurasian Tree Sparrow  (Suzume)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,may,jul,nov 
     Passer montanus saturatus
     
     
     
     The Eurasian Tree Sparrow is the common "city sparrow" 
     in Tokyo and other Japanese cities. House Sparrows don't occur in Japan.
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
557. House Sparrow  (JAr)  ______
     Passer domesticus
     
     The House Sparrow, common as an introduced species in much of the world, and naturally as a resident in western & central Eurasia, has occurred as an accidental in Japan on Hokkaido, Honshu, and Hegura Island, from April to October.  
     
     
558. Lesser Masked Weaver  (JAi)  ______
     Ploceus internedius
     
     In Japan, the Lesser Masked Weaver has been introduced and is now established in central Honshu.
     
     
     WAXBILLS, MUNIAS, WHYDAH, & allies
       
     
559. Orange-cheeked Waxbill  (JAi)  ______
     Estrilda melpoda
     
     In Japan, feral populations of the Orange-cheeked Waxbill occur in central Honshu.
     
     
560. Black-rumped Waxbill  (JAi)  ______
     Estrilda troglodytes
     
     In Japan, the Black-rumped Waxbill is introduced and a local breeder.
     
     
561. Red Avadavat  (JAi)  ______
     Amandava amandava
     
     An introduced population of the Red Avadavat is established in southern Japan. 
     
     
562. Scaly-breasted (or Spotted) Munia  (Amihara)  (JAi) (*) ______ SS,FW  OK:jan,feb,may,nov
     Lonchura punctulata
     
     The Scaly-breasted, or Spotted, Munia is also called Nutmeg Mannikin, or Spice Finch.
     
     
563. White-rumped Munia  ______
     Lonchura striata
     
     The White-rumped Munia is a resident in Nansei Shoto, perhaps as a natural colonist.
     
     
564. Black-headed Munia  (or Chestnut Munia)  (JAi)  ______
     Lonchura malacca atricapilla
     
     In Japan, there are established populations of the Black-headed Munia in Okinawa, Osaka, and Tokyo.
     
     
565. White-headed Munia  (JAi)  ______
     Lonchura maja
     
     In Japan, a feral population of the White-headed Munia is established on Honshu in the Tokyo area.
     
     
566. Java Sparrow  (or Java Finch) (t3)  (JAi)  ______
     Lonchura oryzivora
     
     The Java Sparrow occurs as an exotic in southern Japan. 
     
     
567. Eastern Paradise Whydah  (JAi)  ______
     Vidua paradisea
     
     In Japan, the Eastern Paradise Whydah is an established exotic in central Honshu.
     
     
     ACCENTORS
     
     
568. Japanese Accentor  (Kaya-kuguri = one who goes through dwarf yew)  (JAneb) (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,oct  HK:jan,may
     Prunella rubida fervida  (has been the subspecies on Hokkaido)
     Prunella r, rubida  (has been the subspecies elsewhere in Japan) 
     (But now said to be monotypic)
     
     The Japanese Accentor is rare in Hokkaido in the winter.  
     
     
569. Alpine Accentor  (Iwa-hibari = rock lark)  ______  
     Prunella collaris
     
     
570. Siberian Accentor  (Yama-hibari = mountain lark)  (JAr)  ______
     Prunella montanella
     
     
     PIPITS & WAGTAILS
     
     
571. Richard's Pipit  (Mamijiro-tahibari = white-eyebrowed paddy lark)  (JAr) (*)   ______ SS   HI:may
     Anthus novaeseelandiae
     
     
572. Olive-backed Pipit   (Binzui)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,dec
     Anthus h. hodgsoni (Anthus h. yunnanensis also occurs)
     
     The Olive-backed Pipit has been called Indian Tree Pipit.
     
     
     
     An Olive-backed PIpit, photographed during the 
     FONT January/February 2009 Tour in Japan
     (photo by Karl Frafjord)
     
     
573. Tree Pipit  (Yoroppa-binzui)  (JAr) (*) ______  SS   HI:may
     Anthus trivialis haringtoni  (probably this subspecies)
     
     
574. Red-throated Pipit  (Muneaka-tahibari = red-breasted pipit)  (JAr) (*) ______ FW  KY:feb,nov  AM:jan
     Anthus c. cervinus 
     
     
575. "Siberian" Buff-bellied Pipit  (Tahibari = paddy lark)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may  HI:may  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb  OK:jan  
     Anthus (rubescens) japonicus
     
     The "Siberian Buff-bellied Pipit", Anthus rubescens japonicus, was part of the Water Pipit of Eurasia, but now it is considered conspecific with the Buff-bellied, or American, Pipit of North America, or possibly it is a distinct species, Anthus japonicus.
      
     
576. Blyth's Pipit  (Ko-mamijiro-tahibari)  (JAr)  ______
     Anthus godlewskii
     
     
577. Pechora Pipit  (Sejiro-tahibari)  (JAr)  ______
     Anthus gustavi
     
     
578. Forest Wagtail  (Iwani-sekirei = sideways-swinging wagtail)  (JAr) (*)  ______  FW  KY:feb
     Dendronanthus indicus  (monotypic)
     
     The Forest Wagtail is a rare annual migrant in Japan. Some breed in the southwest. 
     
     
579. Eastern Yellow Wagtail  (Tsumenaga-sekirei = white-eyebrowed long-clawed wagtail)  (JAr) (*) ______ SS   HI:may
     Motacilla tschutschensis 
     
      
580. Western Yellow Wagtail  (JAr)  ______
     Motacilla flava
     
     
581. Grey Wagtail  (Ki-sekirei = yellow wagail)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov 
     Motacilla cinerea robusta
     
     
582. White Wagtail  (Hojiro / Haku-sekirei = white wagtail)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,oct,nov,dec  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan,feb,nov
     Motacilla alba lugens  (subspecies throughout Japan; the Black-backed Wagtail)  HN  HI  HK  KY  AM  OK
     Motacilla alba leucopsis  (subspecies on Kyushu & Okinawa; called the "Amur Wagtail")   KY OK
     Motacilla alba ocularis  (subspecies during migration on Hegura Is., called the East Siberian Wagtail)  HI 
     Another subspecies from central Asia is a rare visitor in Japan: 
     Motacilla alba personata  (the "Masked Wagtail")
     
     As noted, three of the above subspecies of the White Wagtail have been found during FONT Japan Tours.
     
      
583. Japanese Wagtail  (Seguro-sekirei = black-backed wagtail)  (JAe) (*) (ph)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HK:jan,dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  OK:jan
     Motacilla grandis  
     
     
     
     Japanese Wagtail, photographed in Kyoto in 2015
     (photo by James Greenwood)
     
     
584. Citrine Wagtail  (Kigashira-sekirei)  (JAr)  ______
     Motacilla citreola  
     
     
     FINCHES
     
     
585. Brambling  (Atori)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,oct  HI:apr,may  HK:jan  KY:jan,nov  
     Fringilla montifringilla  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Above & below: Bramblings photographed during FONT tours in Japan
     Above: a male.  Below: a female
     (photos by Paul West)
     
     
       
     
586. Oriental Greenfinch  (Kawara-hiwa = riverside finch)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov,  HIapr,may  HK;jan,feb,may,jun,nov,dec  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  
     Chloris (formerly Carduelis) sinica
     (Chloris s. minor breeds in Japan, Chloris s. kawarahiba is a winter visitor)
     
     Another name for the Oriental Greenfinch has been Gray-capped Greenfinch.
     
     
587. Eurasian Siskin  (Ma-hiwa = true finch)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,jun,nov  KY:jan,nov  AM:jan,dec  OK:jan 
     Spinus (formerly Carduelis) spinus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A male Eurasian Siskin photographed during a FONT Japan Tour
     in the Spring
     
     
588. Common Redpoll  (Beni-hiwa = rouge finch)  (*) (ph) ______ FW   HK:jan,nov
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) f. flammea
     
     
589. Arctic (or Hoary) Redpoll  (Ko-beni-hiwa = small rouge finch)  (JAr)  ______
     Acanthis (formerly Carduelis) hornemanni exilipes 
     
     
590. Pine Grosbeak  (Ginzan-mashiko = silver mountain rosy-finch)  (*) (ph) ______ SS   HK:jun
     Pinicola enucleator sakhalinensis
     
     
591. Common (or Red) Crossbill  (Isuka) (*) (ph) ______  FW   KY:jan
     Loxia curvirostra japonica
     
     
592. Two-barred (or White-winged) Crossbill  (Naki-isuka = crying crossbill)  (JAr)  ______
     Loxia leucoptera bifasciata
     
     
593. Asian Rosy Finch  (Hagi-mashiko = lespedeza rosy-finch) (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:apr  HK:jan,feb,nov 
     Leucosticte arctoa brunneonucha
     
     The Japanese word "mashiko" means "monkey-child". 
     
     
     
     Asian Rosy Finches are seen during FONT Japan Tours
     in the Winter
     
     
594. Long-tailed Rosefinch  (Beni-mashiko = red rosy-finch)  (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb  HI:apr  HK:may,nov,dec  KY:jan 
     Uragus sibiricus sanguinolentus
     
     
     
     A Long-tailed Rosefinch in Japan in the Winter
     
     
595. Pallas's Rosefinch (JAr)  (O-mashiko = large rosy-finch)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr
     Carpodacus roseus portenkoi
     
     
     
     The Pallas's Rosefinch has been seen during FONT Japan Tours
     in both the Winter & the Spring, but more so in the Winter
      
      
596. Common (or Scarlet) Rosefinch  (Aka-masiko)  (JAr)  ______
     Carpodacus erythrinus
     
     
597. Bonin Grosbeak  (Ogasawara-mashiko)  ______  (extinct)
     Chaunoproctus ferreorostris
     
     The Bonin Grosbeak was endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. It was discovered in 1827. A search for it in the 1850s was unsuccessful. Apparently it was uncommon and extirpated by introduced mammals.    
     
     
598. Eurasian Bullfinch  (Uso)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN;jan,feb,may  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,nov  KY:jan,nov
     Pyrrhula pyrrhula
     Pyrrhula p. rosacea (subspecies on Hokkaido)
     Pyrrhula p. griseiventris  (subspecies on Hokkaido & Honshu, sometimes known as "Grey-bellied Bullfinch")
     
     
599. Japanese Grosbeak  (Ikaru)  (*)  ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun  HI:may  HK:jan,may,jun,nov  KY:jan,may,nov
     Eophona p. personata
     
     
600. Chinese Grosbeak  (JAr)  (Ko-ikaru = small grosbeak)  (JAr) (*) (ph)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Eophona m. migratoria
     
     
     
     Chinese Grosbeaks during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island 
     
     
601. Hawfinch  (Shime)  (*) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,feb,may,jun,dec  KY:jan
     Caccothraustes caccothraustes japonicus
     
     
     NEW WORLD WARBLER
     
     
602. Wilson's Warbler  (JAr)  ______
     Wilsonia pusilla
     
     
     BUNTINGS
     
     
603. Snow Bunting  (Yuki-hojiro = snow bunting)  (*) (ph) ______ FW   HK:jan
     Calcarius (formerly Plectrophenax) nivalis vlasowae
     
     
604. Lapland Bunting (or Longspur)  (Tsumenaga-hojiro = long-clawed bunting)  (*)  ______  FW  HK:jan
     Calcarius lapponicus kamtschaticus
     
     
605. Grey Bunting  (JAneb)  (Kuroji = black small bird)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,may.jun,nov,dec  HI:may  HK:may  KY:jan,feb  AM:dec  OK:feb
     Emberiza v. variabilis
     
     
606. Black-faced Bunting  (Aoji = greenish small bird)  (*) ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HI:apr,may  HK:may,jun  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec  AM:jan,feb,nov,dec 
     Emberiza spodocephala personata  (subspecies breeds throughout Japan: "Masked Bunting")
     Emberiza s. spodocephala  (subspecies breeds on mainland Asia; winters in Nansei Shoto & seen in migration on Hegura Island)
     
     
     
     Black-faced Bunting
     
     
607. Japanese Yellow Bunting  (Nojiko = field path child)  (t3) (JAeb) (*) ______ SS  HN:may  HI:may  
     Emberiza sulphurata  (monotypic)
     
     The Japanese Yellow Bunting has also been called Siebold's Bunting.. 
     
     
608. Meadow Bunting  (Hijiro = white cheek)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,oct,nov  HI:may(once)  HK:jun  KY:jan,feb,may,jul,nov,dec
     Emberiza cioides ciopsis
     
     
609. Yellow-breasted Bunting  (Shima-aoji = island green bunting)  (*) (ph) ______ SS  HI:may  HK:jun 
     Emberiza aureola ornata
     
     
     
     Yellow-breasted Buntings breed on Hokkaido, Japan
     in the Spring and Summer
      
     
610. Chestnut Bunting  (Shima-nojiko = island yellow bunting)  (JAr) (*)  ______ SS   HI:may
     Emberiza rutila  (monotypic)
     
     
611. Chestnut-eared (or Grey-headed) Bunting  (Hoaka = red cheek)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HI:may  KY:jan,feb,dec
     Emberiza f. fucata
     
     
612. Rustic Bunting  (Kashiradaka = high head)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,oct  HI:apr,may  HK:jan,dec  KY:jan,nov,dec
     Emberiza rustica latifascia
     
     
613. Elegant Bunting  (Miyama-hojiro = mountain-country bunting)  (*) (ph) ______ SS,FW   HN:jan  HI:apr,may  KY:jan,feb,may,nov,dec  AM:feb,dec 
     Emberiza e. elegans
     
     The Elegant Bunting has been called the Yellow-throated Bunting. 
     
     
     
     Elegant Buntings breed on mainland Asia, but in the winter they occur in Japan.
     During that season, they've been seen during FONT tours on Honshu, Kyushu, & Amami.   
     The species has also been seen during FONT Japan Tours in the Spring.
       
     
614. Yellow-browed Bunting  (Kimayu-hojiro)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Emberiza chrysophrys  (monotypic) 
     
     
615. Little Bunting  (Ko-hoaka = lesser red cheek)  (JAr) (*)  ______  SS   HI:may
     Emberiza pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
616. Tristram's Bunting  (Shirohara-hojiro)  (JAr) (*) (ph) ______  SS   HI:may
     Emberiza tristrami  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Tristram's Bunting during a FONT Japan Tour on Hegura Island
     
     
617. Common Reed Bunting  (O-jurin = large reed bunting)  (*)  ______  SS,FW   HN:jan,feb,apr,may,oct  HI:apr,may  HK:dec  KY:jan,feb,nov,dec
     Emberiza schoeniclus pyrrhulina
     
     
618. Pallas' Reed Bunting  (Shiberia-jurin = Siberian reed bunting)  (JAr) (*)  ______  FW   KY:jan,feb,nov
     Emberiza pallasi minor
     
     
619. Japanese Reed Bunting  (Ko-jurin = small reed bunting)  (nt) (*) (ph) ______  SS,FW  HN:jan,apr,may  
     Emberiza y. yessoensis
     
     The Japanese Reed Bunting has also been called the Ochre-rumped Bunting.
     
     
     
     A singing Japanese Reed Bunting photographed 
     during a FONT Japan Tour in the Spring 
     (photo by Paul West)  
     
     
620. Pine Bunting  (Shiraga-hojiro = white-haired bunting)  (JAr)  ______
     Emberiza leucocephala
     
     
621. Black-headed Bunting  (Zuguro-chakincho = black-headed brownish-yellow bird)  (JAr)  ______
     Emberiza melanocephala
     
     
622. Ortolan Bunting  (Zuao-hojiro)  (JAr)  ______
     Emberiza hortulana
     
     
623. Grey-necked Bunting  (JAr)  ______
     Emberiza buchanani
     
     The Grey-necked Bunting, of central Asia, has occurred in Japan as an accidental, in October.
     
     
624. Red-headed Bunting  (JAr)  ______
     Emberiza bruniceps
     
     The Red-headed Bunting, of central Asia, has occurred as a vagrant in offshore Japan.   
     
     
625. Yellowhammer  (Ki-aoji = yellow-green bunting)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Emberiza citrinella
     
     
626. Savannah Sparrow  (Sabanna-shitodo)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Ammodramus sandwichensis 
     
     Shitodo is an ancient Japanese name for "bunting".
     Also used for the White-crowned Sparrow and Golden-crowned Sparrow, below. 
     
     
627. Fox Sparrow  (Gomafu-suzume = seseme-spotted sparrow)  (JAr)  ______
     Passerella (formerly Zonotrichia) iliaca unalaschcensis
     
     Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis is the Sooty Fox Sparrow that breeds in southern Alaska.
     
     
628. White-crowned Sparrow  (Miyama-shitodo = mountain country bunting)  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
     
     
629. Golden-crowned Sparrow  (Kigashira-shitodo = yellow-headed bunting)  (JAr)  ______
     Zonotrichia atricapilla
     
     
630. Song Sparrow  (JAr) (ph)  ______
     Melospiza melodia maxima
     Melospiza melodia sanaka
     
     These 2 subspecies of the Song Sparrow, that have occurred in eastern Asia including Japan, are among almost 40 subspecies in total for the species.
     
     
631. Crested Bunting  (JAr)  ______
     Melophus lathami
     
     The Crested Bunting, an Asian bird normally east to eastern China, has occurred as an accidental in offshore Japan.
     
     
632. Red-crested Cardinal  (JAi) (ph)  ______
     Paoaria coronata
     
     In Japan, there is a feral population of the Red-crested Cardinal in central Honshu.
     The bird, of South America, is common in the cagebird trade.
     
      

Some Additional Notes:

The Desert Wheatear, a rarity in Japan, was seen in Tokyo during the January 1998 FONT tour, present by a small river in the city. It attracted many Japanese birders (including numerous photographers). Food was put out for the rather tame bird. Thus, it came in closely to observers (including us). 

The Mugimaki Flycatcher, of the Asian mainland, is a rare bird in Japan, other than on Hegura and other offshore islands in the Sea of Japan, where it's a regular migrant, normally in May or October.
In January, the species is normally found in southern China, Indonesia, and rarely the Philippines. The breeding range is northern Asia: Manchuria, southern Siberia, and west to Inner Mongolia. Migration, in the Spring and the Fall, is normally through eastern and central China, Korea, and Indochina. The species has been seen in Japan in the Spring during our tour on Hegira Island in the Sea of Japan. 
But more surprisingly, during the FONT 1996 Japan Winter Birding Tour, on January 28, a pair of Mugimaki Flycatchers were seen well in southern Kyushu. The male and female, associating with each other, in a forested area, at a roadside stop, in the Ebino Plateau. The male was photographed.

The Eurasian Magpie has occurred in Japan for decades on the island of Kyushu in the area of Fukuoka. Recently, it has also occurred locally in southwestern Hokkaido.

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