Part 4 of a List of selected

Butterflies & Moths
in Central America

in Belize,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala, 
Honduras,
Panama

(as during FONT tours 
 in the months of: 
January, February, March, 
April, July, December)


A Total of 5 Lists compiled by Armas Hill


In the following List #4: Brushfoots (Nymphalidae)

Links to other Butterfly groupings:

List #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)

List #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

List #3 - Coppers, Hairstreaks, Blues (Lycaenidae) & Metalmarks (Riodinidae)

List #5 - Skippers (Hesperlidae)

Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (D1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries   

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter

Additional Codes:

CR: in Costa Rica
GU: in Guatemala
HN: in Honduras
PN: in Panama

(sl): at Sierra Llorona, in hills on the Caribbean side of Panama 

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) PRIOR TO THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.

Other Links:

Itineraries for upcoming FONT Tours in:
Costa Rica,  Guatemala, Honduras,  & Panama

Birds during previous tours in:
Costa Rica   Guatemala   Honduras   Panama

A List of Mammals & Other Wildlife in Central America (including Reptiles & Amphibians)

List of Butterflies:


Family NYMPHALIDAE: BRUSHFOOTS
Cosmopolitan, with subfamilies ranging from 8 to 25, depending upon taxonomic treatment.
This is the most diverse family of butterflies, with approximately 6,000 known species worldwide. Brushfoot butterflies appear 4 rather than 6-legged as their 2 front legs are much reduced.


          Genus AGRIAS

1. Agrias aedon salvini ______ (D1:13)
   Agrias aedon rodriguezi ______ (D1:13)
   (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies rodriguezi: Mexico to Costa Rica) 
   
   
2. Agrias amydon philatelica ______ CR,PN (D1:13) (F:115)
   Agrias Butterfly
   (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
   (A powerful flier. Has a number of subspecies, very variable. Lives in the rainforest. Visits fruit for sugar.) 
   
   
   Genus PREPONA: South & Central American butterflies of which the total number of species is unclear since there are many confusing forms. They have bright blue-green bands on the upperside and, often, large false eyes on the underside. These are butterflies of the rainforest canopy and infrequently come down to ground level. Caterpillars feed on members of the Leguminosae.
   
   
3. Prepona omphale octavia ______ PN (sl) (D1:13)
   (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Central America)
   
   
4. Prepona dexamenus ______ (D1:13)
   (Panama to Amazon Basin)
   
   
5. Prepona gnorima ______ (D1:13)
   (Honduras to Colombia)
   
   
6. Prepona meander ______ CR (S:119)
   Banded King Shoemaker
   (in flight, makes a crackling sound) 
   
   
   Genus ACHAEOPREPONA
   
7. Achaeoprepona phaedra ______ (D1:13)
   (Mexico to Panama)
   
   
8. Prepona lygia ______ (D1:13)
   (Costa Rica & western Panama)
   
   
   Genus SIDERONE: These butterflies have red flashes on their elliptical forewings and leaf-like undersides.
   
   
9. Siderone syntyche ______ (D1:13)
   (Mexico to Costa Rica)
   
   
10. Siderone marthesis ______ (D1:13)
    (Mexico to Brazil)
    
    
    
11. Archaeoprepona demophon centralis ______ (C:347) (D1:14)
    Archaeoprepona demophon gulina ______ (D1:14)
    One-spotted Prepona
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) 
    (subspecies centralis: Mexico to Panama) (subspecies gulina: Central America)  
    
    
12. Archaeoprepona camilla ______ PN (sl) (D1:14)
    (Nicaragua to Colombia)
    
    
13. Archaeoprepona meander amphimachus ______ (D1:14)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
    Genus ZARETIS
    
    
14. Zaretis callidryas ______ (D1:14)
    (Mexico to Panama)
    
    
15. Zaretis ellops ______ (D1:14)
    (Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
16. Zaretis itys ______ (D1:14)
    (southern Mexico to Brazil)
    
    
    Genus HYPNA: A single species that has swallowtail-shaped wings and a tail. 
    
    
17. Hypna clytemnestra clytemnestra ______ (D1:15) (F:163)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Brazil) 
    
    
    Genus CONSUL
    
    
18. Consul fabius cecrops ______ (D1:15)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Bolivia) 
    
    
19. Consul panariste jansoni ______ PN (sl) (D1:15)
    (Guatemala to Colombia) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama)
    
    
20. Consul electra ______ (D1:15)
    (Mexico to Panama)
    
    
    
    Subfamily CHARAXINAE: LEAF BUTTERFLIES
    
    Genus ANAEA: These Central & South American butterflies are called LEAFWINGS since the undersides of the wings are leaf-like and help to disguise the butterfly when it settles on the ground. Some species are dimorphic. These butterflies are similar in behavior to the African genus  CHARAXES. 
    
    
21. Anaea aidea ______  (AZ:207) (C:271) (D1:16) (K:221) (PE:25)
    Tropical Leaf Wing
    (Mexico to nw Costa Rica)
    
    
22. Anaea glycerium ______ (PE:25)
    Angled Leaf Wing
    (Mexico to northern South America)
    
    
23. Anaea pithyusa ______ (K:221) (PE:25)
    Pale-spotted Leaf Wing (or Blue Leaf Wing)
    (Mexico to Bolivia)
    
    
    Genus  MEMPHIS:  About 100 species, which occur in Central America. They resemble the genus ANAEA, to which they are related.
    With crytic undersides that are leaf-like. They reside in the forest, and are powerful fliers.   
    
    
24. Memphis titan peralta ______ (D1:15)
    (Costa Rica to Peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
25. Memphis ryphea ryphea ______ PN (sl) (D1:15)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Peru)
    
    
26. Memphis eurypyle confusa ______ CR,PN (sl) (D1:15)
    (Mexico to Bolivia) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
27. Memphis chrysophana ______ PN (sl) (D1:15)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
28. Memphis glycerium ______ (D1:16)
    (Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
29. Memphis ambrosia ______ (D1:16)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
30. Memphis aureola ______ CR,PN (sl) (D1:16) (F:181)
    Memphis
    (Guatemala to Colombia)
    
    
31. Memphis lankesteri ______ (D1:16)
    (Costa Rica, endemic)
    
    
32. Memphis herbacea ______ (D1:16)
    (Mexico to Costa Rica) 
    
    
33. Memphis beatrix ______ (D1:16)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
34. Memphis proserpina ______ (D1:17) (F:182)
    (Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
35. Memphis chaeronea indigotica ______ PN (sl) (D1:17)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
36. Memphis centralis ______ PN (sl) (D1:17)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
37. Memphis xenocles ______ PN (sl) (D1:17)
    (Mexico to Brazil)
    
    
38. Memphis niedhoeferi ______ (D1:17)
    (Mexico & Costa Rica, not known in between)
    
    
39. Memphis arginussa eubaena ______ (D1:17)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
40. Memphis morvus boisduvali ______ (D1:18)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama) 
    
    
41. Memphis lyceus ______ (D1:18)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
    
    
42. Memphis elara ______ (D1:18)
    (Costa Rica & western Panama)
    
    
43. Memphis laura laura ______ (D1:18)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia) 
    
    
44. Memphis oenomais ______ PN (sl) (D1:18)
    (Mexico thru Central & South America)
    
    
45. Memphis artacaena ______ PN (sl) (D1:18)
    (Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
46. Memphis orthesia ______ (D1:19)
    (Mexico to Panama)
    
    
47. Memphis forreri ______ (D1:19)
    (Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
48. Memphis pithyusa ______ (D1:19)
    (Mexico to Bolivia)
    
    
49. Memphis cleomestra ______ (D1:19)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia)
    
    
50. Memphis aulica ______ (D1:19)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
    Genus DOXOCOPA: About 30 sexually dimorphic species with males all iridescent blue, green, or purple.
    
    
51. Doxocopa callianira ______ (D1:19)
    (Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
52. Doxocopa clothilda ______ PN (sl) (D1:19)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia)
    
    
53. Doxocopa pavon ______ (D1:19) (K:225) (PE:24)
    Pavon Emperor
    (Mexico to Bolivia)
    
    
54. Doxocopa callianira ______ (D1:19)
    (Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
55. Doxocopa felderi ______ (D1:19)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
    
    
56. Doxocopa cherubina ______ PN (sl) (D1:20) (S:142)
    Blue-green Reflector
    (Mexico to Colombia)  (this & others in this group have brilliant iridescent colors)
    
     
57. Doxocopa cyane ______ PN (sl) (D1:20)
    (Mexico to Peru)
    
    
58. Doxocopa excelsa ______ (D1:20)
    (Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
    
    
59. Doxocopa laure ______ PN (sl) (C:285) (D1:20) (K:225) (PE:24)
    Silver Emperor (or Laure)
    (Mexico to Brazil)
    
    
60. Doxocopa plesaurina ______ PN (sl) (D1:20)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
    Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE: SNOUTS
    
    Genus LIBYTHEANA: A group of SNOUT BUTTERFLIES with long palps which protrude under the head like a snout. There are about 10 species which occur in South and Central America. They breed on members of Celtis which belong to the elm family, Ulmaceae. 
    
     
61. Libytheana carinenta mexicana ______  (AZ:119) (C:281) (D1:20) (F:175) (K:223) (PE:18)(PW:22) (S:146)
    Southern (or American) Snout (or Snout Butterfly)
    (southern US to Brazil) (subspecies: Central America)
    
    
    Genus TIGRIDIA
    
    
62. Tigridia acesta ______ (D1:21)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
    
    
    Genus COLOBURA
    
    
63. Colobura dirce ______ (C:291) (D1:21) (S:114)
    The Mosaic
    (Mexico thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)
    
    
    Genus HISTORIS
    
    
64. Historis odius ______ CR (D1:21) (PE :text)
    Orion (also called Stinky Leaf Wing)
    (throughout Central & South America; in North America, a rare stray to Florida) (In Costa Rica, in virtually all habitats from sea level up to 1,500 meters.)  
    
    
65. Historis acheronta ______ (C:353) (D1:21) (PW:31)
    Tailed Cecropian (or Acheronta)
    (Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also Greater Antilles)
    
    
    Genus SMYRNA
     
    
66. Smyrna blomfildia datis ______ (D1:21) (K:225) (PE:26)(PW:31)
    Blomfild's Beauty
    (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
    Genus BAEOTUS: totally 2 species with black and white undersides and tooth-like edges to the hindwings.
    
    
67. Baeotus baeotus ______ (D1:21) (F:122)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)  (an attractive and rare butterfly in virgin rainforest) 
    
    
    Genus  PYCINA
    
    
68. Pycina zamba zelys ______ (D1:21)
    (Mexico to Peru) (Mexico to Panama)
    
    
    Genus BIBLIS: A single species. Breeds on Tragia, a species of spurge. 
    
    
69. Biblis hyperia ______ PN (C:319) (D1:21) (F:124) (K:215) (PE:25)(PW:31)
    Red Rim
    (Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also the West Indies)
    
    
    Genus HAMADRYAS: Commonly called CRACKERS or CALICO BUTTERFLIES. The mottled calico pattern is on the uppersides of the wings. "Cracker" refers to the sound that the males produce from their abdomens while in flight during interactions with other males and during courting.  
    
    
70. Hamadryas glauconome ______  (AZ:369) (D1:21) (PW:31)
    Glaucous Cracker
    (Mexico to Costa Rica) 
    
    
71. Hamadryas februa ferentina ______ (*) CR, (*) PN (D1:21) (F:158) (K:217) (PE:26)(PW:31)
    Gray Cracker (or some places called The Cracker) (also called Common Calico, in general Crackers are also called Calicos) (Species in this genus are called Crackers because of the noise the males make in flight) 
    (southern US to Brazil) (subspecies: Mexico to Brazil)
    (This is probably the most common of the 9 Hamadryas species in Costa Rica.) (Occurs along forest edges. Not at flowers, but at rotting fruit, dung, and mud.) 
    
    
72. Hamadryas feronia farinulenta ______ (C:259) (D1:21) (F:158) (K:217) (PE:26)
    Variable Cracker (also called Blue Cracker)
    (southern US to Brazil) (subspecies: Central America)
    
    
73. Hamadryas arethusa saurites ______ (S:132)
    Queen Cracker
    
    
74. Hamadryas guatemalena ______  (*) GU  (D1:21) (PE:26)
    Guatemalan (or Central American) Cracker
    (Mexico to Costa Rica)
    
    
75. Hamadryas ipthime ipthimre ______ (D1:21) (PE:26)
    Ringless Blue Cracker (also called Brownish Cracker)
    (also called Brownish Cracker)
    (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
    
    
76. Hamadryas fornax fornacalia ______ (D1:21) (F:158)
    Yellow Cracker (or Yellow-skirted Cracker)
    (Mexico to Brazil & Bolivia) (subspecies: Central America)
    (Smaller than other crackers, and with a number of subspecies.)
    (In moist rainforest, it occurs along trails and rivers.)
    
    
77. Hamadryas amphinome mexicana ______ (*) CR (D1:22) (F:157) (PE:26)
    Red Cracker
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Colombia)  (In rainforests)
    
    
78. Hamadryas atlantis ______  (AZ:369) (F:158) (PW:31)
    Black-patched Cracker (also called Dusty Cracker)
    (Mexico (mainly western) to Honduras) (In open dry valleys)
    
    
79. Hamadryas arinome ariensis ______ (D1:22)
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
    
    
80. Hamadryas laodamia saurites ______ (*) CR (C:261) (D1:22) (F:159)
    Queen Cracker ("Starry-night Cracker")
    (Mexico to Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Colombia)
    (This Hamadryas has delightful coloration completely different than its allies.)
    (Flies in the canopy and in sunny clearings in the rainforest.)
    
    
    Genus PANACEA
    
    
81. Panacea procilla lysimache ______ (D1:22)
    (Panama to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Panama)
    
    
    Genus MYSCELIA
    
    
82. Myscelia ethusa ______  (*) GU  (K:217) (PE:24) (PWp:336)
    Mexican Bluewing (or Blue Wave)
    (Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
83. Myscelia cyaniris cyaniris ______ PN (D1:22) 
    (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
    
    
84. Myscelia pattenia ______ (D1:22)
    (Guatemala to Costa Rica)
    
    
85. Myscelia leucocyna smalli ______ (D1:22)
    (Nicaragua to Venezuela) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Costa Rica)
    
    
    Genus ECTIMA
    
    
86. Ectima rectifascia ______ (D1:22)
    (Nicaragua to Panama)
    
    
    Genus MESTRA
    
    
87. Mestra amymone ______  (AZ:203) (C:315) (D:22) (K:215) (PE:25)(PW:31)
    Common Mestra (also called Amymone)
    (southern US thru Central America)
    
    
    Genus MYSCELIA
    
    
88. Myscelia pattenia ______ (D1:22)
    (Guatemala to Costa Rica)
    
    
    Genus EUNICA: 60 species in Central & South America that live in primary forest.
     
    
89. Eunica tatila caerula ______ (D1:22) (K:215) (PE:25)(PW:30)
    Florida Purplewing (or Large Purplewing)
    (southern US to Amazon Basin, also West Indies) (subspecies: Mexico to Colombia)
    
     
90. Eunica monima modesta ______  (AZ:369) (D1:22) (K:215) (PE:25)(PW:30)
    Dingy Purple Wing
    (US & Mexico thru Central & South America, also the Antilles & Bahamas) 
    
    
91. Eunica malvina ______ (D1:22)
    (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
    
    
92. Eunica norica ______ (D1:22)
    (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
    
    
93. Eunica mira ______ (D1:22)
    (Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
94. Eunica caresa ______ (D1:22)
    (Guatemala to Peru)
    
    
95. Eunica mygdonia ______ (D1:22)
    (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
    
    
96. Eunica venusia ______ PN (sl) (D1:23)
    (Costa Rica to Colombia)
    
    
97. Eunica excelsa ______ PN (sl) (D1:23)
    (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
    
    
98. Eunica alcmena amata ______ (D1:23)
    (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
    
    
99. Eunica augusta ______ (D1:23)
    (Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
100. Eunica pomona ______ (D1:23)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus MARPESIA: DAGGERWINGS: A genus of mostly Central and South American butterflies, but also occurs in Africa. Called "daggerwings" after the long tail on each hindwing. The butterflies, some of which are dimorphic, engage in mud-puddling.
     
     
101. Marpesia alcibiades ______ (D1:23)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
102. Marpesia zerynthia ______ (PE:25) (PW:text)
     Waiter (Daggerwing)
     (central Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
103. Marpesia coresia ______ (D1:23) (K:219)
     (southern US thru Central & South America)
     
     
104. Marpesia merops ______ (*) CR (D1:23)
     (Guatemala thru Central & South America)
     
     
105. Marpesia berania ______ (*) CR, (*) PN (C:275) (D1:23)
     Orange Daggerwing
     (Mexico thru Central & South America) (Has communal roosts and lives up to 5 months.)
     
     
106. Marpesia marcella ______ (D1:23)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
107. Marpesia iole ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:23)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     
     
108. Marpesia petreus ______  (AZ:205) (D1:23) (F:177) (K:219) (PE:25)(PW:31) (S:123)
     Ruddy Daggerwing (also called Southern Daggertail, and in the West Indies, the Tailed Flambeau)
     (southern US thru Central & South America)   (visits flowers and mud-puddles)
     
     
109. Marpesia chiron ______  (AZ:368) (C:273) (D1:23) (K:219) (PE:25)(PW:31)
     Many-banded Daggerwing
     (southern US, Central & South America, also West Indies)
     
     
     Genus DYNAMINE
     
     
110. Dynamine agacles ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
111. Dynamine theseus ______ (D1:24)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
112. Dynamine salpensa ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
113. Dynamine mylitta ______ (D1:24)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)  
     
     
114. Dynamine hecuba ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica, endemic)
     
     
115. Dynamine hoppi gillotti ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica & Colombia)
     
     
116. Dynamine dyonis ______ (D1:24) (K:225) (PE:25)
     Blue-eyed Sailor (or Blue-eyed Green Wing)
     (Texas thru Central America)
     
     
117. Dynamine artemisia glauce ______ (C:289)
     Small-eyed Sailor
     (Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
118. Dynamine glauce ______ (D1:24)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
119. Dynamine thalassina ______ PN (sl) (D1:24)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
120. Dynamine chryseis ______ (D1:24)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
121. Dynamine sosthenes ______ (D1:24)
     (Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
     
     
122. Dynamine ate ______ (D1:24)
     (Guatemala & Costa Rica, locally)
     
     
123. Dynamine tithia ______ (PW:text)
     Tithian Sailor
     (in northern South America in Colombia & Venezuela, but has strayed north to Texas) 
     
     
     Genus TEMENIS
     
     
124. Temenis laothoe agatha ______ (D1:24)
     (Mexico to the Amazon) (subspecies: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
125. Temenis pulchra ______ (D:24)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
126. Nica flavilla canthara ______ (D1:24)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     
     Subfamily LIMENITIDINAE: ADMIRALS: Adults are often characterized by a flap-and-glide flight.
     
     
     Genus EPIPHILE
     
     
127. Epiphile adrasta ______ (D1:24) (K:225) (PE:25)
     Common Banner (or Dimorphic Bark Wing) 
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
128. Epiphile grandis ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
129. Epiphile orea plusios ______ (D1:24)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
130. Epiphile eriopis devriesi ______ (D1:24)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
     Genus CATONEPHELE
     
     
131. Catonephele mexicana ______ CR,PN (sl) (D1:25)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
132. Catonephele numilia esite ______ CR,PN (sl) (D1:25) (S:139)
     Grecian Shoemaker
     (Mexico to southern Brazil & Argentina) (subspecies: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
133. Catonephele chromis godmani ______ (D1:25)
     (Honduras to possibly Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
134. Catonephele orites ______ (D1:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus NESSAEA
     
     
135. Nessaea aglaura aglaura ______ (D1:25)
     (southern Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus HAEMATRA
     
     
136. Haematra pyramus thysbe ______ (D1:25)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus CYCLOGRAMMA
     
     
137. Cyclogramma pandama ______ (D1:25)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus DIAETHRIA
     
     
138. Diaethria asteria ______ (PE:25)
     Mexican Eighty-Eight
     (southern Mexico & northern Central America)
     
     
139. Diaethria anna ______ (D1:25) (PW:text)
     Anna's Eighty-Eight
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
140. Diaethria clymena ______ (C:317) (PE:25)
     "Cramer's Eighty-Eight (or "Ninety-Eight Butterfly")
     (subtropical & tropical Latin America)
     
     
141. Diaethria marchalii ______ (D1:25)
     (Nicaragua to Brazil)
     
     
142. Diaethria eupepla ______ (D1:25)
     (Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
143. Diaethria astala ______ (D1:25)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus CALLICORE
     
     
144. Callicore pitheas  ______ CR,PN (D1:25)
     Pink Pura Vida
     (Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
     
     
145. Callicore lyca aerias ______ PN (sl) (D1:25)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
146. Callicore atacama manova ______ CR,PN (D1:25)
     Neotropical Butterfly
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
147. Callicore faustina ______ (D1:25)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
148. Callicore brome ______ (D1:25)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
149. Callicore texa titania ______ (D1:25)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
150. Callicore patelina ______ (D1:25)
     (southern Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
151. Callicore peralta ______ (D1:26)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
152. Callicore pacifica bugaba ______ (D1:26)
     (Guatemala to Panama) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus PERISAMA: Over 50 species found mostly in South America, with 2 species in Central America. The butterflies are brightly colored with a large orange splash on the forewing underside and an orange band near the apex. Most are iridescent. They lack the number-like patterns found the hindwing underside of the CALLICORE. They all live in upland rainforest, where they may be abundant. Some species are rare and prized by collectors.    
     
     
153. Perisama barnesi ______ (D1:26)
     (Costa Rica, endemic)
     
     
     Genus ADELPHA: 70 species and 250 forms and races. These are mostly South American, but also Central American with one species extending north of Mexico. These butterflies are, overall, similar, and can be difficult to identify, with small differences in spots, angles of lines, and colors being significant. Butterflies of this genus are found in most habitats, from sea level to upland rainforest.   
     
     
154. Adelpha melanthe ______ (D1:26)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
155. Adelpha zalmona sophax ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:26)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
156. Adelpha boreas opheltes ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:26)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
157. Adelpha salmoneus salmonides ______ (D1:26)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) (subspecies: Central America)
     
     
158. Adelpha leucopthalma ______ (D1:26)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia, possibly Peru)
     
     
159. Adelpha zina ______ (D1:26)
     (Guatemala to Peru)
     
     
160. Adelpha justina lacina ______ (D1:26)
     (Guatemala to Peru) (subspecies: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
161. Adelpha cytherea marcia ______ CR (D1:26)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
162. Adelpha cocala lorzae ______ (*) PN (sl) (C:277) (D1:26)
     Orange-washed Sister
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Honduras to Panama) 
     
     
163. Adelpha heraclea ______ (D1:26)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
164. Adelpha boeotia boeotia ______ (D1:26)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
165. Adelpha erymanthis ______ (D1:26)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
166. Adelphia delinita uta ______ (D1:50)
     (Honduras to Ecuador) (subspecies: Honduras to Panama)
     
     
167. Adelpha basiloides ______ (D1:26) (PE:text)
     Tropical Sister
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
168. Adelpha iphiclus ______ (D1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
169. Adelpha erotica ______ (D1:27)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
170. Adelpha lerna aeolia ______ PN (sl) (D1:27)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
171. Adelpha phylaca ______ (D1:27)
     (Guatemala to Bolivia) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
172. Adelpha naxia ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
173. Adelpha ixia leucas ______ (D1:27)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
174. Adelpha leuceria ______ (D1:27) (F:113)
     (Guatemala to Panama)  (Frequents rain and cloud forests, it will even fly in the mist.) (Males encountered mostly, as females remain in the canopy.)  
     
     
175. Adelpha tracta ______ (D1:27)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
176. Adelpha demialba ______ (D1:27)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
177. Adelpha diocles ______ (D1:27)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
178. Adelpha celerio ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
179. Adelpha fessonia ______ (*) CR (D1:27) (K:213) (PE:24)
     Band-celled Sister (also known as Mexican Sister)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
180. Adelpha bredowii ______  (AZ:201) (F:113) (K:213) (PE:24)(PW:30)
     California Sister
     (western US to Honduras)  (In oak woodlands in foothills.)
     
     
181. Adelpha stilesiana ______ (D1:27)
     (Costa Rica)
     
     
182. Adelpha zea paraeca ______ (D1:27)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama) 
     
     
183. Adelpha felderi ______ (D1:27)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus PYRRHOGYRA
     
     
184. Pyrrhogyra neaerea hypsenor ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
      
185. Pyrrhogyra crameri ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:28)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
186. Pyrrhogyra otolais otolais ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to Bolivia) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
187. Pyrrhogyra edocla aenaria ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama) 
     
     
     Genus HYPANARTIA
     
     
188. Hypanartia lethe ______ (C:279) (D1:28)
     Orange Mapwing
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
189. Hypanartia godmani ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
190. Hypanartia arcaei ______ (D1:28)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
191. Hypanartia kefersteini ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to Peru)
     
     
     Genus SIPROETA: These butterflies in South & Central America, and as far north as the southern US. 
     
     
192. Siproeta (or Metamorpha) stelenes biplagiata ______ (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN (sl)  (AZ:367) (D1:28) (F:202) (K:209) (P:26)(PW:30)
     Malachite
     (southern US to the Amazon Basin, and thru West  Indies) (subspecies: Central America)
     (On the wing all year in the tropics, feeds on fermenting fruit.)  
     
     
193. Siproeta epaphus epaphus ______ CR,PN (D1:28) (K:209) (PW:30) (S:136)
     Rusty-tipped Page (or Brown Siproeta)
     (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Central America)
     
     
194. Siproeta superba eunoe ______ (D1:28)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus ANARTIA: 4 species found in the southern US to Central America, and in the West Indies. These are common butterflies of the tropics. They are swift fliers, and bear some resemblance to members of the CYNTHIA genus.  
     
     
195. Anartia amathea ______ (C:311)
     Red Peacock
     (Panama to Argentina, also: Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, Barbados, Antigua) 
     
     
196. Anartia jatrophae ______ (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN (C:309) (D1:28) (K:209) (PE:24)(PW:30) (S:107)
     White Peacock
     (southern US thru Central & South America, also West Indies)
     (Generally found in drier areas than Anartia fatima.)
     
     
197. Anartia fatima ______ (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN (sl) (D1:28) (K:209) (PE:24)(PW:30)
     Banded (or Brown) Peacock (also called White-banded Fatima, or Fatima)
     (southern US to eastern Panama. In Costa Rica, extremely common in disturbed areas such as clearings and fresh second growth, particularly where moist.) 
     (Some individuals with yellow bands and others with white bands are found flying together. It was assumed that the color-band difference was polymorphism. But more-recent studies have indicated that the colors are due to age.)
     
     
     Genus JUNONIA: BUCKEYES, a common name from the false eyes that are prominent on the wings. This is a widespread grouping, found in all of the global regions. The precise number of species is unknown, as there is yet more classifying to be done. 
      
     
198. Junonia evarete ______ CR,PN (D1:28) (F:168) (K:207) (PE:23)
     Mangrove Buckeye (in the West Indies, called Caribbean Buckeye) (Other names: Smoky Buckeye, Florida Buckeye, West Indian Buckeye)
     (southern US thru American tropics)
     
     
199. Junonia genoveva ______ (AZ:193) (K:207) (PE:23)(PW:30)
     Tropical Buckeye (or Genoveva)
     (southern US to Argentina)
     
     
     Genus VANESSA: LADY BUTTERFLIES: A widespread group of strong fliers, sometimes migratory, with bright oranges and reds. 
     
     
200. Vanessa atalanta ______  (AZ:187) (F:207) (PE:23)(PW:29)
     Red Admiral
     (North America to Guatemala)  (Occurs in many open habitats, and breeds on the ubiquitous nettle.)
     
     
201. Vanessa (or Cynthia) cardui ______  (AZ:183) (D1:28) (K:205) (PE:23)(PW:29) (S:141)
     Painted Lady
     (worldwide, except for Australia and New Zealand) 
     
     
202. Vanessa virginiensis ______  (AZ:181) (D1:28) (K:205) (PE:23)(PW:29)
     American (Painted) Lady
     (From southern Canada thru North America. In Central America in montane regions. Also in West Indies.)
     
     
     Genus HYPOLIMNAS: Commonly called DIADEM BUTTERFLIES, because of the row of spots around the wings which look like a necklace. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited, and females sometimes mimic DANAID butterflies. These butterflies are found in open sunny areas, villages, glades, and forest edges, and they frequent nectar feeders.  
     
     
203. Hypolimnas misippus ______ (*) CR (D1:28) (F:164)
     The Mimic (other names: Diadem Butterfly, Six-continent Butterfly, Danaid Butterfly) 
     (One of the most widespread butterflies in the world, thanks in part to human history. It is thought to have been introduced to the Americas in slave ships from Africa. The sexes are completely different, with the male looking like a male Hypolimnas bolina, but with white wing marks. The female has a number of forms with mimic various DANAIDS, resembling Danaus chrysippus of the Old World, with coloration similar to Danaus glippus, the Queen.)
     
     
     Genus CHLOSYNE: PATCHES (more southern) & small CHECKERSPOTS (more northern). Most species occur in the tropics, where many of them mimic distasteful butterflies.
     
       
204. Chlosyne lacinia ______ PN (sl)  (AZ:153) (C:265) (D1:29) (K:189) (PE:21)(PW:26)
     Bordered Patch
     (US to Bolivia) 
     
     
205. Chlosyne janais ______  CR, (*) GU, PN (D1:29) (K:189) (PE:21)(PW:26)
     Crimson Patch (or Janais Patch)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
206. Chlosyne rosita ______  (*) GU (AZ:365) (C:263) (K:189) (PE:21)(PW:26)
     Rosita Patch
     (Mexico, periodically south Texas, rarely Arizona, to El Salvador)
     
     
207. Chlosyne melanarge ______ (D1:29)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
208. Chlosyne hippodrome ______ (D1:29)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
209. Chlosyne poecile ______ (D1:29)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
210. Chlosyne erodyle ______ (D1:29)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
211. Chlosyne gaudealis ______ (D1:29)
     (Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
212. Chlosyne narva ______ PN (sl) (D1:29)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus PHYCIODES: CRESCENTS: North & South American butterflies which often have a speckled and variable pattern. Some species are sexually dimorphic. They live in open sunny meadows and pastures, and visit flowers regularly for nectar. A few species are migratory, but most are not. 
     
     
213. Phyciodes texana ______  (AZ:159) (F:195) (K:183) (PE:21)(PW:27)
     Texan Crescent
     (southern US to Guatemala)
     
     
214. Phyciodes (frisia) tulcis ______ (PW:27)
     Tulcis Crescent 
     (south Texas to Argentina)
     (another subspecies, Phyciodes f. frisia, is called the Cuban Crescent (PE:21)) 
     
     
215. Phyciodes vesta ______  (AZ:161) (K:181) (PE:21 & PEp:256)(PW:27)
     Vesta Crescent
     (south-central US to Guatemala)
     
     
216. Phyciodes phaon ______  (AZ:163) (F:195) (K:181) (P:21)(PW:28)
     Phaon Crescent
     (southern US to Guatemala)
     
     
217. Phyciodes ptolyca _____ (K:183) (PE:21)
     (False) Black Crescent
     (Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
     Genus THESSALIA
     
      
218. Thessalia erza ______ (D1:29)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
219. Thessalia theona ______  (*) GU  (AZ:145) (C:257) (D1:29) (K:193) (PE:19)(PW:26)
     Theona Checkerspot
     (southern US to Panama) 
     
     
     Genus MICROTIA
     
     
220. Microtia elva ______  (AZ:365) (D1:29) (PW:27) (K:183)
     Elf
     (southern US to Costa Rica) 
     
     
     Genus TEGOSA
     
     
221. Tegosa anieta anieta ______ (D1:29)
     (Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
222. Tegosa nigrella ______ (D1:29)
     (Guatemala & Costa Rica, locally)
     
     
     Genus ERESIA
     
     
223. Eresia nigripennis ______ (D1:29)
     (Costa Rica & possibly Panama)
     
     
224. Eresia alsina ______ (D1:29)
     (Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
     
     
225. Eresia coela ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica & northeast Panama) 
     
     
226. Eresia mechanitis ______ (D1:30)
     (Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
227. Eresia eutropia ______ (D1:30)
     (Panama & western Colombia, possibly Costa Rica)
     
     
228. Eresia sticta ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica, endemic)
     
     
229. Eresia poecilina ______ PN (sl) (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
230. Eresia clara ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CASTILIA
     
     
231. Castilia eranites ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
232. Castilia ofella ______ (D1:30)
     (Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
233. Castilia myia ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
234. Castilia fulgora ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica, endemic)
     
     
     Genus JANATELLA
     
     
235. Janatella leucodesma ______ PN (sl) (D1:30)
     (Nicaragua to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus ANTHRANASSA
     
     
236. Anthanassa drusilla lelex ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico thru Central America to western South America) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
237. Anthanassa tulcis ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
238. Anthanassa atronia ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
239. Anthanassa otanes sopolis ______ (D1:30)
     (Guatemala & Costa Rica)
     
     
240. Anthanassa fulviplaga ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
241. Anthanassa sosis ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
242. Anthanassa crithona ______ (D1:30)
     (Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
243. Anthanassa ardys ______ (D1:30)
     (southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
244. Anthanassa sosis ______ (D1:30)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
245. Anthanassa ptolyca ______ (D1:30)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus PHILAETHRIA: 3 South & Central American species which breed on Passiflora.
     
     
246. Philaethria dido ______ (*) PN (sl) (D1:31) (F:194) (S:164)
     Scarce Bamboo Page
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     (The underside of this HELICONID is green divided by a chocolate band. The upperside is a more vivid green, with green bars on all wings, and green spots around the hindwing.     
     These butterflies generally fly high in the tree canopy, but on occasion descend to drink and take in salts from the damp ground, and females descent to lay eggs..)
     
     
     Subfamily HELICONIINAE: LONGWINGS
     (Mostly in the American tropics. Adults of some species are long-lived, and several are distasteful. Various other species mimic the distasteful butterflies of this group.)  
     
     
     Genus DIONE: 4 species (depending upon taxonomy) in Central & South America, with one reaching into the southern US. Typically, they have orange uppers with stunning silver marks on the undersides of the wings. They breed on many species of passion flower, Passiflora. They exploit secondary vegetation, and their numbers increase dramatically in areas where there has been rainforest destruction.  
     
     
247. Dione moneta poeyii ______ (*) GU (C:267) (D1:31) (F:143) (K:155) (PE:19)(PW:23)
     Mexican Silverspot (or Mexican (Silver-spotted) Fritillary)
     (southern US thru Central & South America) (subspecies: Central America)
     
     
248. Dione juno ______ (*) CR (D1:31) (S:161)
     Silver Spot (or Scarce Silver-spotted Flambeau)
     (thru Central & South America, also the Lesser Antilles) 
     (closely related to Dryas iulia) (Often occurs in the same places as the very similar Gulf Fritillary. Said to be attracted to red and blue flowers.)
     
     
249. Agraulis (or Dione) vanillae ______ (*) CR  (AZ:121) (C:269) (D1:31) (F:144) (K:157) (PE:19)(PW:23) (S:160)
     Gulf Fritillary (another common name, Silver-spotted Flambeau) 
     (southern US thru American tropics to South America, also West Indies) 
     (This widespread, familiar butterfly visits gardens to drink nectar.)
     (Fiery orange upperside distinguished from Dryas iulia by presence of numerous black dots on the forewing and a silver spotted underside.) 
     
     
     Genus DRYADULA
     
     
250. Dryadula phaetusa ______ (*) CR (D1:31) (K:155) (PE:19)
     Banded Orange Heliconian (or Banded Orange)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus DRYAS: A single migratory species represents this mostly Central & South American genus. 
     
     
251. Dryas iulia ______ (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN (C:301) (D1:31) (F:145) (K:157) (PE:19)(PW:23) (S:159)
     Julia Heliconian (or Julia) (also called in the Caribbean, The Flambeau)
     (southern US thru American tropics to Brazil, also West Indies)
     (The uppersides of the elongated wings are orange, unmarked but for a conspicuous black blob or band in the cell area of the forewing. The undersides are a very pale brown with small white flashes.
     This butterfly visits open sunny and flowery areas (often wet ground), and breeds on the passion flower.) 
     
     
     Genus EUEIDES
     
     
252. Eueides lineata ______ (D1:31)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
253. Eueides aliphera ______ (D1:31)
     (Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
254. Eueides procula vulgiformis ______ (D1:31)
     (Guatemala to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
255. Eueides isabella ______ CR (D1:31) (K:155) (PE:20)(PW:23) (S:159)
     Isabella's Heliconian (or Isabella, or Isabella Tiger)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin, also West Indies) 
     
     
256. Eueides vibilia vialis ______ (D1:31)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama) 
     
     
257. Eueides lybia olympia ______ (D1:31)
     Eueides lybia lybioides ______ (D1:31)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) subspecies olympia: Atlantic slope, Nicaragua to Colombia, subspecies lybioides: Pacific slope, Costa Rica & Panama)  
     
     
258. Eueides heliconius ______ (S:161)
     Small Flambeau
     (a miniature replica of Dryas iulia)
     
     
     Genus HELICONIUS: LONGWINGS: Found principally in Central & South America, reaching into the southern US. There are 15 species in Central America. The larvae feed on members of the passion flower family, Passifloraceae. The adults (the butterflies) are gregarious and have communal roosting spots. Adults feed on pollen, from which they derive amino acids, enabling them to live up to nine months. The butterflies stay very much in the same localities. They are very noticeable and found in all types of habitats.
     
      
259. Heliconius ricini ______ (S:163)
     Small Heliconius
     
     
260. Heliconius ismenius telchinia ______ (D1:31)
     
     
261. Heliconius doris ______ (*) CR (D1:31) (F:160) (S:162)
     Doris Butterfly (or Doris)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) 
     (This species is trimorphic, in that it occurs in 3 color varieties. Individuals of either sex can have red, green, or blue coloration, in addition to the basic black pattern with yellow blotches.) (Forest margins and clearings.)
     
     
262. Heliconius ismenius telchinia ______ (D1:31)
     Heliconius ismenius clarescens ______ (D1:31)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) (subspecies telchinia: Mexico to Panama, subspecies clarescens: Costa Rica & Panama) 
     
     
263. Heliconius hecale zuleika ______ (*) CR (D1:31) (F:160)
     (Mexico thru Peruvian Amazon) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     (throughout Central & South America, with a number of races) (In Costa Rica, the most widespread of all Heliconius species.)   
     
     
264. Heliconius melpomene rosina ______ (*) PN (C:307) (D1:32) (F:161) (S:162)
     Postman Heliconnian (or the Postman)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     (slightly larger than its close relative, Heliconius erato) (Many species in this genus have forms matching so closely that they very difficult to distinguish. Flies with Heliconius erato, the Small Postman.)
     
     
265. Heliconius cydno galanthus ______ (D1:32)
     Heliconius cydno chioneus ______ (*) CR (D1:32)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) (subspecies galanthus: Mexico to Costa Rica, subspecies chioneus: southeast Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
266. Heliconius pachinus ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
267. Heliconius erato petiverana ______  (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN (D1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (PE:19)
     Erato Heliconian (also called the Small Postman) (another name: Crimson-patched Longwing) 
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     (Flies close to the ground, along forest margins and in open areas. Roosts communally at night.)
     
     
268. Heliconius sara fulgidus ______ (C:305) (D1:32)
     Heliconius sara theudela ______ (D1:32)
     Sara Heliconian (or Small Blue Grecian)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies fulgidus: Guatemala to Panama, subspecies theudela: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
269. Heliconius charitonius ______  (*) CR, (*) GU, (*) PN  (AZ:123) (C:303) (D1:32) (F:160) (K:155) (PE:19 & PEp:234)(PW:23) (S:160)
     Zebra Heliconian (or Zebra) (also called Zebra Longwing)
     (southern US thru Central & South America, also the West Indies)
     (Roosts in small to large clusters, adults return to the same roost night after night.)
     (Very familiar to visitors of butterfly houses as it is easy to rear.)
     
     
270. Heliconius hecalesia formosus ______ (D1:32)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
271. Heliconius clysonymus montanus ______ (*) CR, (*) PN (D1:32)
     Yellow-patch Longwing
     (Honduras to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
272. Heliconius sapho leuce ______ (D1:32)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) (subspecies: Mexico to Costa Rica)
     
     
273. Heliconius hewitsoni ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
274. Heliconius eleuchia eleuchia ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus EUPTOIETA
     
     
275. Euptoieta claudia poasina ______  (AZ:125) (D1:32) (K:157) (PE:3 & 20 & PEp:235)(PW:23)
     Variegated Fritillary
     (Canada thru Central & South America, also the West Indies) (subspecies: Costa Rican & Panamanian mountaintops)
     
     
276. Euptoieta hegesia hoffmanni ______ CR, (*) GU, PN  (AZ:127) (D1:32) (K:157) (P:29)(PW:23)
     Mexican Fritillary 
     (southern US thru Central America, also the West Indies)
     
     
     Genus ACTINOTE
     
     
277. Actinote leucomelas ______ (D1:32)
     Actinote
     (Mexico to Panama) (Sometimes in Costa Rica extremely common due to mass emergences. Females approaching Inga flowers in the canopy are often seen being "dive-bombed" by males. )
     
     
278. Actinote anteas ______ (D1:32)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
279. Actinote melampeplos ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
280. Actinote lapitha ______ (D1:32)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
281. Actinote guatemalena ______ (D1:32)
     (Guatemala to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus ANETIA
     
     
282. Anetia thirza insignis ______ (D1:33)
     (Mexico to Panama) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Subfamily DANAINAE: MILKWEED BUTTERFLIES
     
     
     Genus LYCOREA: a group of HELICONID MIMICS which have long wings, long bodies, and share similar patterns.
     
     
283. Lycorea ilione albescens ______ (D1:33)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Central America)
     
     
284. Lycorea cleobaea atergatis ______ (D1:33) (F:176) (K:155) (PE:27) (S:187)
     Tiger Mimic-Queen (or Large Tiger)
     (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Mexico to Colombia)
     (Larger than true heliconids) (Occurs in wood and scrub habitats.)
     
     
     Genus DANAUS: ROYALTY: Known also as TIGER BUTTERFLIES. There are representatives in all geographical regions of the world. More species occur in the Old World, but one of the best known butterflies of the New World is D. plexippus, the Monarch. Larvae of this genus feed on members of the milkweed and dogbane families, and render themselves poisonous to predators by storing plant poisons. There are many other butterflies that mimic the toxic members of this genus.    
      
     
285. Danaus plexippus ______ (*) CR, (*) GU (C:37)  (AZ:225) (D1:33) (F:143) (K:227) (PE:3,4,27) (S:184)
     Monarch
     (A truly cosmopolitan species, occurring in North and South America, Australia, and the East Indies. A very strong flier with strong migratory tendencies in temperate regions, but not in the tropics where it is usually a solitary flier.)  
     
     
286. Danaus gilippus thersippus ______ (*) CR, (*) GU  (AZ:227) (D1:33) (F:143) (K:229) (PE:27) (S:183)
     Queen
     (southern US to Panama)
     (not as heavily marked with black as Danaus plexippus) (Not a migrant species.)  
     
     
287. Danaus eresimus montezuma ______ (*) GU  (AZ:229) (C:283) (D1:33) (F:142) (K:229) (PE:27)
     Soldier
     (southern US to Amazon Basin, also in the Antilles) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Subfamily ITHOMIINAE: this highly diverse group has been considered as a separate family, or (now by most) as a subfamily of NYMPHALIDAE.  
     
     
     Genus EUTRESIS
     
     
288. Eutresis dilucida ______ (D1:33)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
289. Eutresis hypereia theope ______ (D1:33)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     
     Genus OLYRAS: 3 species found in Central & South America
     
     
     
290. Olyras crathis staudingeri ______ (D1:33)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
291. Olyras insignis insignis ______ (D1:33)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     
     Genus TITHOREA: a Neotropical genus of about 15 species
     
     
292. Tithorea tarricina pinthias ______ (D1:34) (F:207)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama) 
     
     
293. Tithorea harmonia helicaon ______ (C:367) (D1:34) (S:180)
     Harmonius Tiger-Clearwing (also called Tiger Butterfly, or the Tiger)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
     Genus THYRIDIA
     
     
294. Thyridia psidii melantho ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus MELINAEA: Central & South American butterflies similar in appearance to HELICONIUS. However, they have smaller compound eyes, and androconial hairs between their wings. There are 3 species known in Central America. Butterflies occur in many forested habitats up to 5,000 ft.
     
     
295. Melinaea scylax ______ (D1:34)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
296. Melinaea ethra lilis ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
297. Melinaea lilis imitata ______ (S:181)
     Melinaea lilis flavicans ______ (F:179)
     Melinaea lilis messatis ______ (F:179)
     Mechanitis Mimic (also called the Army Ant Butterfly)
     (southern Mexico to western Panama)
     (has the yellow, black, and orange coloration of the "tiger-stripe" mimicry complex) 
     (lives in open flowery areas, visits flowers for nectar)
     
     
     Genus MECHANITIS
     
     
298. Mechanitis isthmia ______ (S:180)
     Common Mechanitis
     (Flies in bright sunlight, attracted to flowers.)
     
     
299. Mechanitis polymnia isthmia ______ (*) CR (C:369) (D1:34)
     Disturbed Tigerwing
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     (frequents more disturbed habitats than most ithomiine butterflies, it is said to fly commonly along the streets of the cities and towns of Costa Rica)
     
     
300. Mechanitis lysimnia doryssus ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to Venezuela) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
301. Mechanitis menapis saturata ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to Ecudaor) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus SCADA
     
     
302. Scada zibia xanthina ______ PN (sl) (D1:34)
     (Nicaragua to Peru) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
     Genus HYALIRIS: South & Central American butterflies that have characteristic "GLASSY-WINGS".
     
     
303. Hyalyris excelsa decumana ______ (D1:34)
     (Costa Rica to peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus HYPOTHYRIS
     
     
304. Hypothyris lycaste callispila ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
305. Hypothyris euclea valora ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus NAPEOGENES
     
     
306. Napeogenes peredia hemisticta ______ (D1:34)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica)  
     
     
307. Napeogenes tolosa amara ______ (D1:34)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
308. Napeogenes cranto paedaretus ______ (D1:34)
     (Costa Rica to Peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus ITHOMIA
     
     
309. Ithomia bolivari ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
310. Ithomia celemia plaginota ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
311. Ithomia diasa hippocrenis ______ (D1:35)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
312. Ithomia heraldica ______ CR (D1:35)
     (Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
313. Ithomia patilla ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Panama) 
     
     
314. Ithomia terra vulcana ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
315. Ithomia xenos ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus AERIA
     
     
316. Aeria eurimeia agna ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
     Genus HYPOSCADA
     
     
317. Hyposcada virginiana evanides ______ PN (sl) (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama) 
     
     
     Genus OLERIA
     
     
318. Oleria paula ______ PN (sl) (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Panama) 
     
     
319. Oleria rubescens ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
320. Oleria vicina ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica & northern Panama)
     
     
321. Oleria zelica pagasa ______ PN (sl) (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)  
     
     
     Genus CALLITHOMIA
     
     
322. Callithomia hezia hezia ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
323. Callithomia hydra megaleas ______ (D1:35)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus CERATINIA
     
     
324. Ceratinia tutia dorilla ______ (D1:35)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus DIRCENNA
     
     
325. Dircenna chiriquensis ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
326. Dircenna dero euchytma ______ CR (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Central America) 
     
     
327. Dircenna klugii ______ CR (D1:35) (PE:27)
     Klug's Clearwing (or Klug's Dircenna)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
328. Dircenna relata ______ (D1:35)
     (Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
     Genus GODYRIS
     
     
329. Godyris zavaleta sorites ______ (D1:35)
     (Mexico to Ecuador) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
330. Godyris zygia ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus GRETA
     
     
331. Greta oto ______ (*) GU, CR,PN (D1:36)
     Oto Glasswing
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
332. Greta polissena umbrana ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
333. Greta nero ______ CR,PN (sl) (D1:36)
     Nero Glasswing
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
334. Greta andromica lyra ______ (C:371) (D1:36)
     Andromica Clearwing
     (Guatemala to Peru) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama) 
     
     
335. Greta anette ______ (D1:36)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus HYPOLERIA
     
     
336. Hypoleria cassotis ______ (D1:36)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus PSEUDOSCADA
     
     
337. Pseudoscada utilla pusio ______ (D1:36)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama) 
     
     
     Genus EPISCADA
      
     
338. Episcada salvinia ______ (D1:36)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus PTERONYMIA
     
     
339. Pteronymia agalla ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
340. Pteronymia artena artena ______ (C:375) (D1:36)
     Pointed Clearwing
     (Mexico to Peru, also Trinidad) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     (common in many forests, up to 6,000ft., its larval host plants are woody vines called lianas, common in the tropical canopy)
     
     
341. Pteronymia cotytto ______ (D1:36)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
342. Pteronymia donata ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
343. Pteronymia notilla ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
344. Pteronymia fulvescens ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
345. Pteronymia fulvimargo ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama) 
     
     
346. Pteronymia parva ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
347. Pteronymia fumida ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
348. Pteronymia simplex simplex ______ (D1:36)
     (Mexico to Panama) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
349. Pteronymia lonera ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
     Genus HETEROSAIS
     
     
350. Heterosais edessa nephele ______ (D1:36)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ANTIRRHEA
     
     
351. Antirrhea miltiades ______ (D1:37) (F:118)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin)  (Often perches, feeds on rotting fruit and fungi.)
     
       
352. Antirrhea tomasia ______ (D1:37)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
353. Antirrhea pteocopha ______ (D1:37) (F:119)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama) (Occurs deep in virgin cloud forest.)
     
     
     Subfamily MORPHIDAE: there are about 150 species of this grouping in tropical Central & South America
     
     
     Genus MORPHO:  Central & South American species which have always caught much attention, as the large, obvious males are a very bright metallic blue.   
     
        
354. Morpho granadensis polybaptus ______ (D1:38) (F:183)
     Morpho
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     (This morpho is distinguished from others by having most of its upper wings a light metallic blue with a dark margin (in both sexes).  
     
355. Morpho peleides limpida ______ (*) CR, (*) PN (D1:38) 
     Morpho peleides marinita ______ (*) CR (D1:38) (S:149) 
     Morpho peleides corydon ______ (F:183)
     Common (or Blue) Morpho (also called The Emperor)
     (Mexico to Venezuela)  (The most common of the morphos in Central America.)
     (In Costa Rica, there are 2 forms: One, almost completely iridescent blue above, is found almost completely on the Caribbean side of the country. In the other form, on the Pacific side, the blue above is much reduced.)  
     (The male has more blue on the upperside than the female. This species is attracted to fermenting fruit.) 
     
     
356. Morpho amathonte _____ (*) CR, (*) PN (sl) (D1:39)
     
     
357. Morpho polyphemus catarina _____ (D1:39)
     (Mexico to Costa Rica) (subspecies: Nicaragua & Costa Rica)
     
     
358. Morpho theseus aquarius ______ PN (sl) (D1:39)
     (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia) 
     
     
359. Morpho cypris ______ (D1:40) (F:182)
     Morpho
     (Nicaragua to Colombia)
     (The sexes are completely different. The male (most often seen) is a brilliant metallic blue, with a WHITE BAND across the wings, and a series of white spots around the wing. The larger female, that rarely ventures from the rainforest canopy, is above a rich orange-yellow with a brown margin. The undersides of both sexes are brown and white.   
     
     
     Genus CAEROIS
     
     
360. Caerois gerdrudtus ______ (D1:40) (F:127)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)  (Not common, lives in the rainforest and breeds in a palm.)
     
     
     Genus DYNASTOR
     
     
361. Dynastor darius stygianus ______ PN (sl) (D1:41)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus NAROPE
     
     
362. Narope cyllastros testacea ______ (D1:41)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus BRASSOLIS
     
      
363. Brassolis isthmia ______ (D1:41)
     (Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus OPSIPHANES:  13 species, all with stout bodies, and thick scaled wings
     
     
364. Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi ______ (D1:41)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
365. Opsiphanes invirae cuspidatus ______ PN (sl) (D1:42)
     (Honduras to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Honduras to Costa Rica)
     
     
366. Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis ______ (D1:42)
     Opsiphanes cassina fabricii ______ (D1:42)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies fabricii: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
367. Opsiphanes quiteria quirinus ______ (D1:42)
     Opsiphanes quiteria panamensis ______ (D1:42)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies quirinus: Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
368. Opsiphanes bogotanus ______ (D1:43)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
369. Opoptera standingeri ______ (D1:43)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
     Genus CATOBLEPIA
     
     
370. Catoblepia xanthicles xanthicles ______ PN (sl) (D1:44)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus SELENOPHANES
     
     
371. Selenophanes josephus josephus ______ (D1:44)
     (Guatemala, Panama & Colombia) (subspecies: Guatemala)
     
     
     Genus CATOBLEPIA
     
     
372. Catoblepia orgetorix championi ______ (C:355) (D1:44)
     Orgetorix Owl Butterfly
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Costa Rica)
     
     
     Genus ERYPHANIS:  6 species with "owl eyes" in Central & South America. Breeds on bamboo.
     
     
373. Eryphanis polyxena lycomedon ______ PN (sl) (D1:44) (S:158)
     Purple Mort Bleu
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Colombia)
     (Frequents forest clearings in the late afternoon and at dusk.)
     
     
374. Eryphanis aesacus buboculus ______ (D1:45) (F:150)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica to Colombia, in the cloud forest)
     
     
     Genus CALIGO
     
     
375. Caligo teucer ______ (S:157)
     Cocoa Mort Bleu
     (Avoids bright sunlight. Flies in the late afternoon and at dusk. Attracted to fermenting fruit.)
     
     
376. Caligo eurilochus sulanus ______ CR,PN (sl)  (D1:45)
     Owl Butterfly (or Magnificent Owl)
     (Guatemala to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Guatemala to Panama)
     
     
377. Caligo memmon memmon ______ CR (D1:46) (F:128)
     Cream Owl Butterfly
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Central America)
     (With a wingspan of 13cm, among the largest butterflies in the world. Crespusular. Lives in agricultural areas, breeds on Heliconia species and the related banana.)   
     
     
378. Caligo illioneus oberon ______ (D1:46)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)  
     
     
379. Caligo atreus dionysos ______ CR,PN (D1:46)
     Banded Owl
     (Mexico to Peru) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama) 
     
     
     Subfamily SATYRINAE: SATYRS & WOOD NYMPHS - the RINGLETS, a large group represented strongly in Central & South America
     
     
     Genus HERMEUPTYCHIA
     
     
380. Hermeuptychia sosybius ______ (K:231) (PE:28)
     Carolina Satyr
     (southeast US thru mainland tropical America)
     
     
     Genus MEGISTRO
     
     
381. Megistro rubricata ______  (AZ:215) (K:231) (PW:36)
     Red Satyr
     (southwest US to Guatemala)
     
     
     Genus CITHAERIAS
     
     
382. Cithaerias menander ______ CR (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus  HAETERA
     
     
383. Haetera macleannania ______ PN (D1:47)
     Angela 
     (Costa Rica to Panama)
     
     
     Genus DULCEDO
     
     
384. Dulcedo polita ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus PIERELLA
     
     
385. Pierella helvetia incanescens ______ CR,PN (D1:47)
     Pierella Butterfly
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Panama)
     
     
386. Pierella luna luna ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Colombia) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus MANATARIA
     
      
387. Manataria maculata ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ORESSINOMA
     
      
388. Oressinoma typhla ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
     Genus CYLLOPSIS
     
     
389. Cyllopsis hedemanni hedemanni ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Panama) (subspecies: Mexico to Panama)
     
     
390. Cyllopsis rogersi ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica, probably endemic, possibly in Panama) 
     
     
391. Cyllopsis philodice ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
392. Cyllopsis argentella ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
393. Cyllopsis pephredo ______ (D:47)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
     Genus TAYGETIS: About 27 species of BROWNS in Central & South America. With brown or gray upperparts, and with false eyes on the underside. Mostly, they prefer shaded rainforest understory. 
      
     
394. Taygetis mermeria excavata ______ (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
395. Taygetis virgilia rufomarginata ______ PN (sl) (D1:47)
     (Mexico to Brazil) (subspecies: Central America)
     
     
396. Taygetis celia keneza ______ PN (sl) (D1:47)
     (Nicaragua to Bolivia & Brazil) (subspecies: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
397. Taygetis xenana godmani ______ (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama) 
     
     
398. Taygetis kerea ______ (D1:47)
     (Guatemala to Paraguay)
     
     
399. Taygetis salvini ______ PN (sl) (D1:47)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
400. Taygetis andromeda ______ CR (D1:48)
     (Mexico thru Central & South America)
     
     
401. Taygetis penelea ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin) 
     
     
402. Taygetis zimri ______ (D1:48)
     (Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
403. Taygetis lineata ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
404. Taygetis banghassi ______ (D1:50)
     (Costa Rica, locally & Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus MEGEUPTYCHIA
     
     
405. Megeuptychia antonoe ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Amazon Basin)
     
     
     Genus EUPTYCHIA
     
     
406. Euptychia hermes (probably more than one species involved) ______ (*) CR
     Grass Nymph
     (throughout Central & South America) (In Costa Rica, the most common satyrid butterfly.)
     
     
407. Euptychia westwoodi ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
408. Euptychia jesia ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
409. Euptychia mollis ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
410. Euptychia hilara ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
411. Euptychia insolata ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus CISSIA:  Butterflies in this genus were formerly all placed in EUPTYCHIA
     
     
412. Cissia alcinoe ______ PN (sl) (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
413. Cissia calixta ______ (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
414. Cissia hermes ______ (D1:41)
     (Mexico thru the American tropics)  
     
     
415. Cissia polyphemus ______ (D1:41)
     (Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
416. Cissia gigas ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
417. Cissia satyrina ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
418. Cissia tiessa ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
419. Cissia similis (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
420. Cissia usitata ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
421. Cissia confusa ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
422. Cissia pseudoconfusa ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
423. Cissia labe ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
424. Cissia palladia ______ (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
425. Cissia joycae ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica)
     
     
426. Cissia terrestris ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
     (Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
427. Cissia drymo ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica)
     
     
428. Cissia agnata ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica)
     
     
429. Cissia gomezi ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica)
     
     
430. Cissia libye ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
431. Cissia metaleuca ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
432. Cissia hesione ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
433. Cissia renata ______ (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
434. Cissia gulnare ______ (D1:48)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus CHLOREUPTYCHIA
     
     
435. Chloreuptychia arnaea ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus MEGEUPTYCHIA
     
     
436. Megeuptychia antonoe ______ PN (sl) (D1:48)
     (Mexico to the Amazon Basin)
     
     
     Genus DRUCINA
     
     
437. Drucina leonata ______ (D1:49) (F:144)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)  (In cloud forest)
     
     
     Genus DIORISTE
     
      
438. Dioriste tauropolis ______ (D1:49)
     (Mexico to Panama)
     
     
439. Dioriste cothon ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
440. Dioriste cothonides ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus ERETRIS
     
     
441. Eretris hulda ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
442. Eretris suzannae ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & western Panama)
     
     
     Genus PEDALIODES
     
     
443. Pedaliodes perperna ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
444. Pedaliodes petronius ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & Colombia)
     
     
445. Pedaliodes dejecta ______ (D1:49)
     (Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
446. Pedaliodes manis ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
447. Pedaliodes ereba cremera ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama) 
     
     
448. Pedalioces triaria ______ (D1:49)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     Genus OXEOSACHISTUS
     
     
449. Oxeosachistus euriphyle ______ (D1:50)
     (Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
450. Oxeosachistus puerta submaculatus ______ (D1:50)
     (Costa Rica to Colombia) (subspecies: Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     
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