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E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
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Part 6 of a List
with some Photos
of

South America
Butterflies
and Moths

Skippers


Including those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Sixth Part of a List of South America Butterflies in 6 Parts, 
compiled by Armas Hill

Here, in Part #6:  Hesperiidae, the Skippers


Among Butterfly Groupings in this list below, links to these: 

 Subfamily EUDAMINAE: including Longtails, Flashers 
with the genera: Achalarus, Aguna, Astraptes, Augiades, Autochton, Chioides, Codatractus, Cogia, Drephalys, Entheus, Hyalothyrus, Narcosius, Phanus, Polythrix, Proteides, Spathilepia, Typhedanus, Urbanus 

Subfamily PYRGINAE, tribe PYRRHOPYGINI: including Firetips

with the genera: Amysoria, Aspitha, Azonax, Chalypyge, Elbella, Granila, Jemadia, Jonaspyge, Melanopyge, Mimardaris, Mimoniades, Mysarbia, Myscelus, Mysoria, Ochropyge, Parelbella, Passova, Pyrrhopyge, Sarbia, Yanguna, Zona 

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CARCHARODINI   with the genera: Arteurotia, Bolla, Cyclosemia, Gorgopas, Iliana, Jera, Mictris, Mimia, Moruina, Myrinia, Nisoniades, Noctuana, Ocella, Pachyneuria, Pellicia, Straphylus, Viola, Xispia

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CELAENORRHININI   with the genus: Celaenorrhinus  

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe PYRGINI   with the genera: Anisochoria, Antigonus, Carrhenes, Clito, Diaeus, Eracon, Heliopetes and Heliopyrgus (White Skippers), Paches, Pseudodrephalys, Pyrgus (Checkered Skippers), Spioniades, Timochreon, Trina, Xenophanes, Zopyrion

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ACHLYODIDINI   with the genera: Achlyodes, Aethilla, Atames, Charidia, Eantis, Haemaotis, Milanion, Ouleus, Pythonides, Quadrus, Zera

Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ERYNNINI   with the genera: Anastrus, Camptopleura, Chiomara, Cycloglypha, Ebrietas, Erynnis, Gesta, Gorgythion, Grais, Helias, Mylon, Potamanaxas, Sostrata, Theagenes, Timochares, Tosta 

Subfamily HETEROPTERINAE   with the genera: Dalla, Freemaniana 

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, GRASS-SKIPPERS  

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe THYMELICINI   with the genera: Ancyloxypha, Oarisma

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe CALPODINI   with the genera: Aldes, Argon. Aroma, Calpodes, Carystina, Carystoides, Carystus, Cobalus, Damas, Dubiella, Ebusus, Lychnuchoides, Lychnuchus, Neoxeniades, Orphe, Panoquina, Sacrator, Saliana, Synale, Talides, Telles, Tellona, Thracides, Tisias, Tromba, Turesis, Turmada, Zenis 

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe ANTHOPTINI   with the genera: Anthoptus, Corticea, Falga, Mnaceas, Synapte, Wahydra, Zalomes 

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MONCINI   with the genera: Adlerodea, Apaustus, Arita, Artines, Callimormus, Cantha, Cobalopsis, Copaeodes, Cymaenes, Dion, Enosis, Eprius, Eutocus, Eutychide, Flaccilla, Justinia, Lento, Lerema, Lerodea, Lucida, Ludens, Methionopsis, Mnasicles, Mnasilus, Mnasitheus, Mnestheus, Moeris, Monca, Morys, Mucia, Naevolus, Nastra, Onophas, Pamba, Papias, Paracarystys, Parphorus, Penicula, Phanes, Pheraeus, Phlebodes, Propapias, Psoralis, Remella, Saturnus, Sodalia, Styriodes, Sucova, Thargella, Thoon, Tigasis, Vehilius, Vettius, Vidius, Vinius, Virga, Zariaspes      

Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe HESPERIINI   with the genera: Anatrytone, Arotis, Atalopedes, Conga, Cynea, Decinea, Euphyes, Hansa, Hylephila, Linka, Mellana, Metron, Molo, Nyctelius, Orthos, Oxynthes, Paratrytone, Phemiades, Poanes, Polites, Pompelus, Propertius, Quasimellana, Quinta, Rhinthon, Serdis, Thespieus, Tirynthia, Tirynthoides, Vacerra, Wallengrenia, Xeniades
with genera having uncertain taxonomy as to tribe:
Alera, Orses, Perichares, Pyrrhopygopsis 


Links to other South America Butterfly groupings:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)     

Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #3 - Hairstreaks, Blues (Lycaenidae) & Metalmarks (mostly Riodinidae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae) 

Part #5 - Clearwings (Ithomiini) & Satyrs (Satyrini)

Some Photos of Butterflies and Moths during FONT Tours in Ecuador

 

Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (D1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries   

Numbers noted as (DV:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies Of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera    

Numbers noted as (EBE:xx) refer to pages in "Ecuador's Butterfly Ecology", by Xavier Silva

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.


Additional Codes:

AR:  in Argentina
 ba:    province of Buenos Aires
 ne:    northeast Argentina, including Iguazu Falls  (ARne also on the Brazilian side at Iguazu Falls)
BR:  in Brazil
 mg:   Mato Grosso, including the Pantanal and north to Alta Floresta / Rio Cristalino 
 se:     southeast Brazil 
CH:  in Chile
EC:  in Ecuador
VE:  in Venezuela

Butterflies observed during FONT tours noted by an (*) after the 2-letter country code. 

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in: 
Brazil   Ecuador   Uruguay   Venezuela      Argentina   Chile

Lists & Photo Galleries of BIRDS, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of MAMMALS, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website




List of South American Butterflies, Part #5:

Family HESPERIIDAE: SKIPPERS 
HESPERIIDAE is a very large family of 3,500 known species throughout the world.
In Ecuador, there are over 650 species, of which at least 100 are either endemic to the country or nearly so. 
 
Skippers, in general, are stout-bodied short-winged butterflies that resemble day-flying moths. The adult butterfly's flight resembles a 'skipping' motion when going from flower to flower. 

Skippers are different from other butterflies and from moths, in that their antennae end in a sort of hook, whereas those other butterflies end with a knob. Those of moths are feathery. 
Due to the structure of their wings, skippers are capable of powerful flight. Additionally, their wings are versatile. they can be extended or held toward the back when sitting, or even folded back,       

There are species and even genera in HESPERIIDAE that look very similar, which can make identification difficult. especially among the "Grass Skippers", those in the subfamily HESPERIINAE.
There are 4 major subfamilies in Ecuador, and in the following list: EUDAMINAE, PYRGINAE, HETEROPTERLINAE, and HESPERIINAE.
Host plants vary in accordance with the various subfamilies.

  

          Subfamily EUDAMINAE

          Skippers in the EUDAMINAE subfamily are characterized by their sitting with wings extended, 
          usually elongated forewings.
          Some species have "long tails" which are actually caudas on the hindwings.
          These include those in the genera: Urbanus, Typhedanus, Codatractus. 
          Those in Urbanus tend to be particularly common.
          Those in the genus Autochon are common in open areas.
          Skippers in the genus Astraptes, the "Flashers", have elongated forewings and brilliant blue colors. 
          They tend to be common.
          Those in the genus Phocides have long wings, and blue, black and white coloration.
          They have long mimetic chains within and beyond the genus.

          The host plants for EUDAMINAE skippers are varied, but generally are in Fabaceae, Mimosaceae (including Inga spp.),
          Verbenaceae, and also grasses, including those in Poaceae (such as Canna indica, and Cynodon spp.).       
      


          Genus PHOCIDES
  1. Phocides pigmalion  ______  EC  (K:267) (PE:30)
    Phocides pigmalion pigmalion  ______      (subspecies described in Surinam) 
    Phocides pigmalion hewitsonius  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:37)      (subspecies in southeast Brazil & northeast Argentina)
    MANGROVE SKIPPER
    AR common name: Saltarin de Hewitson  ("Saltarin"     refers to the type of flight, as a "skipper": W.C. Hewitson was an important author of books about Lepidoptera published in the 19th Century)  
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & some of the West Indies)  
  2. Phocides charon ______ ARne  (MM:38)
    AR common name: Charon      (from the scientific name, Charon was the boatman on the River Styx, described in Dante's "Divine Comedy")
    (Range: in Brazil, northeast Argentina) 
  3. Phocides polybius  ______  EC  (C:253) (K:267) (PE:30) (S:42) 
    Phocides polybius polybius  ______  BRse      (subspecies from Panama to Brazil) 
    Phocides polybius phanias ______ ARba,ne  (BB:49) (MM:39)      (subspecies in Argentina)
    GUAVA SKIPPER
     AR common names: Phanias      (from the scientific name, Phanius was a Greek historian and philosopher)
    Saltarin Sangrante  (Saltarin     meaning "skipper", Sangrante meaning "bleeding")  

     With a striking plumage, Phocides polybius feeds on Guava and related species.

  4. Phocides perillus  ______
     (Range: in Colombia)  
  5. Phocides vulcanides  ______  
     (Range: in Colombia)
  6. Phocides johnsoni  ______  (species described in 1947)
    (Range: in Colombia) 
  7. Phocides oreides columbiana  ______  (subspecies in Colombia)
    Phocides oreides oreides  ______      (subspecies in Peru) 
  8. Phocides thermus  ______  EC
    Phocides thermus thermus  ______  EC      (subspecies from southeast Mexico to Ecuador)
    Phocides thermus bellina  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador, described in 1952)
    Phocides thermus valgus  ______      (subspecies in the Guianas)
    THERMUS SKIPPER
  9. Phocides distans  ______  EC
    Phocides distans silva  ______      (subspecies in Peru, described in 1952)

  10. Phocides metrodorus  ______  EC 
    Phocides metrodorus nigrescens  ______  EC      (subspecies from Costa Rica to Peru) 
    Phocides metrodorus metrodorus  ______  EC      (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia & Brazil) 
    Phocides metrodorus metron  ______      (subspecies in Paraguay, described in 1952)

  11. Phocides oreides  ______  EC

  12. Phocides novalis  ______  
     (Range: in Peru)
  13. Phocides padrona  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: in Peru) 
  14. Phocides partia  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: in Peru)
  15. Phocides yokhara yokhara  ______  (subspecies in Peru)
    Phocides yokhara inca  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Phocides yokhara dryas  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Phocides yokhara charonotis  ______      (subspecies in Bolivia) 

  16. Phocides pialia  ______  EC
    Phocides pialia pialia  ______  BRse      (subspecies in southeast Brazil)
    Phocides pialia maximus  ______  BRse      (subspecies in southeast Brazil)
    Phocides pialia intemedia  ______      (subspecies in Brazil, in Mato Grosso)


    Genus PHANUS
  17. Phanus vitreus  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:40)
    WIDESPREAD PHANUS      (or Musical Ghost-Skipper)
    AR common name: Vitrea  (referring to the scientific name)
    (Range; southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
  18. Phanus ecitonorum  ______  (species described in 1993)
    ARMY-ANT PHANUS
         (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
  19. Phanus albiapicalis  ______  (species described in 1993)
    WHITE-TIPPED PHANUS
         (Range: Mexico to Peru)
  20. Phanus grandis  ______  (species described in 1993)
    GRAND PHANUS
         (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)
  21. Phanus marshalli  ______
    COMMON PHANUS
         (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
  22. Phanus obscurior obscurior  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia, Trinidad)
    Phanus obscurior prestoni  ______      (subspecies in Amazonian Brazil, described in 1965)

  23. Phanus australis  ______  (species described in 1965)
    (Range: in Brazil)


    Genus PROTEIDES
  24. Proteides mercurius  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:273) (PE:30)
    Proteides mercurius mercurius  ______  ARne      (subspecies from south Texas to Argentina) 
    MERCURIAL SKIPPER
    AR common name: Mercurio      (Mercury was, in mythology, the messenger of the gods, the son of Jupiter)  
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)



    Mercurial Skipper
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)

    Genus ACHALARUS
  25. Achalarus albociliatus  ______  EC


    Genus AUGLADES

  26. Auglades crinisisus  ______  EC


    Genus COGIA
  27. Cogia calchas  ______  BRmg
    MIMOSA SKIPPER


    Genus DREPHALYS

  28. Drephalys phoenice  ______  EC


    Genus ENTHEUS

  29. Entheus gentius  ______  EC

  30. Entheus latebrosus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1997)

  31. Entheus matha  ______  EC 


    Genus EPARGYEUS 

  32. Epargyeus aspina  ______  EC  (species described in 1952)
    SPINELESS SILVERDROP
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)  
  33. Epargyeus spina  ______  EC  (species described in 1952) 
    Epargyeus spina spina  ______      (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia)
    Epargyeus spina verruga  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    SPINED SILVERDROP
  34. Epargyeus nutra  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: in Colombia)
  35. Epargyeus spinta  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: in Colombia)
  36. Epargyeus clarus  ______  EC

  37. Epargyeus barisses barisses  ______  (subspecies described in Bolivia)

  38. Epargyeus clavicornis tenda  ______  EC  (subspecies from Mexico to Ecuador)
    Epargyeus clavicornis clavicornis  ______  ARne  (MM:42)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    SMALL-SPOTTED SILVERDROP 
     AR common name: Saltarin Coloso      (translates to "Colossus Skipper")

  39. Epargyreus edxadeus  ______  EC  (K:273) (PE:text) 
    Epargyreus edxadeus edxadeus  ______      (subspecies described in Surinam)
    EXADEUS SKIPPER      (or Broken Silverdrop)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  40. Epargyreus tmolis  ______  ARba  (BB:51)
    AR common name: Saltarin Robusto      (translates to "Robust Skipper")
    (Range: in Argentina)
  41. Epargyreus enispe  ______  EC
    Epargyreus enispe enispe  ______      (the more widespread subspecies in South America)
    Epargyreus enispe elta  ______      (subspecies in Bolivia, described in 1952) 


    Genus POLYGONUS
  42. Polygonus leo ______ EC  (K:267) (PE:30)
    Polygonus leo pallida  ______  ARne  (MM:43)      (subspecies from Central America to Argentina)
    HAMMOCK SKIPPER
    AR common name: Leo      (referring to the scientific name)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies)
  43. Polygonus savigny (formerly manueli)  ______  EC  (PE:text)
    Polygonus savigny savigny  ______  ARne  (MM:44)      (subspecies in from Texas to Argentina) 
    MANUEL'S SKIPPER
    AR common name: Manuel
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)


         Genus CHIOIDES
  44. Chioides catillus  ______  EC  (C:377) (EBE:145) (K:271) (PE:30) 
    WHITE-STRIPED LONGTAIL
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, and West Indies in Jamaica) 
  45. Chioides zilpa  ______  EC  (K:271) (PE:30) 
    ZILPA LONGTAIL
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)


         Genus AGUNA
     
  46. Aguna asander  ______  EC  (K:273) (MM:45) (PE:30)
    Aguna asander asander  ______  
    GOLD-SPOTTED AGUNA
     AR common name: Asander      (referring to the scientific name)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and West Indies)
  47. Aguna claxon ______ (PE:text)
    EMERALD AGUNA
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
  48. Aguna metophis  ______  EC  (K:273) (PE:30) 
    TAILED AGUNA
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  49. Aguna aurunce  ______  EC

  50. Aguna coeloides  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  51. Aguna latifascia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  52. Aguna williamsi  ______  ARne  (MM:46)
    AR common name: Coludo de Williams  ("Williams' Longtail") 

    The name williamsi is in honor of Roswell Williams who studied Hesperiidae at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, in the USA. 


    Genus TYPHEDANUS 
  53. Typhedanus undulatus ______ (EBE:147) (K:271) (PE:30) 
    MOTTLED LONGTAIL
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  54. Typhedanus ampyx  ______  EC  (EBE:147)


    Genus POLYTHRIX

  55. Polythrix asine  ______  EC
  56. Polythrix auginus  ______  EC
  57. Polythrix caunus  ______  EC

  58. Polythrix octomaculata  ______  EC  (K:271) (PE:30)
    Polythrix octomaculata octomaculata  ______  (MM:47)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    EIGHT-SPOTTED LONGTAIL
    AR common name: Tuju  ("Tuju"     is a Guarani word meaning "mud", referring to the brown coloration of the butterfly, enabling it to be camouflaged when it rests on mud with its wings unfolded)      
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also Haiti) 


    Genus CODATRACTUS

  59. Codatractus alcaeus  ______  EC
  60. Codatractus imalena  ______  EC
  61. Codatractus aminias  ______  ARne  (MM:48)
    AR common name: Jetapa'l      ("Jetapa" is a Guarani word meaning "scissors''. "l" means "small")  

    Genus URBANUS: LONG-TAILED SKIPPERS

  62. Urbanus proteus  (ph)  ______  AR  BRmg  CH  EC  (EBE:146) (K:269) (PE:30) (S:36)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Urbanus proteus proteus  ______  ARba,ne  CH  (BB:53) (MM:49)      subspecies from the US to Argentina
    (COMMON) LONG-TAILED SKIPPER
    AR common name: Coludo Verdoso      (meaning "greenish tailed")
    CH common name: Hesperia de Proteo
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Florida & West Indies. 
     In Chile, in the Azapa and Lluta Valleys in Arica, and in other similar habitats in northern Chile)



    Long-tailed Skipper
     (photo by Rise Hill)
  63. Urbanus viterboana  ______  EC
    BLUISH LONGTAIL
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  64. Urbanus belli  ______  EC
    BELL'S LONGTAIL
         (Range: Mexico & south Texas as a stray to Argentina)  
  65. Urbanus evona  ______  (species described in 1952)
    TURQUOISE LONGTAIL
         (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  66. Urbanus dubius  ______  (species described in 1981)
    (Range: in Colombia)
  67. Urbanus huancavillcas  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  68. Urbanus pronta  (ph)  ______  (species described in 1952)
    SPOT-BANDED LONGTAIL
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)   



    Spot-banded Longtail
         (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)
  69. Urbanus pronus  ______  EC  (PE:text)  (species described in 1952)
    PRONUS LONGTAIL      (or Short-tailed Green Longtail)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil & Argentina)
  70. Urbanus esmeraldus  ______  EC  (PE:text) (MM:50)
    ESMERALDA LONGTAIL
    AR common name: Coludo Esmeralda     (translates to "Emerald Longtail") 
    (Range: Mexico to Peru & the Guianas, also Trinidad )
  71. Urbanus esma  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: Panama to Brazil, also Trinidad)
  72. Urbanus elmina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1952)
    ANDEAN LONGTAIL
         (Range: in Ecuador & adjacent Colombia)
  73. Urbanus esta  ______  EC  (species described in 1952)
    ESTA LONGTAIL
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Peru)
  74. Urbanus magnus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1981) 

  75. Urbanus procne  ______  EC

  76. Urbanus dorantes  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:146) (K:269) (PE:30)
    Urbanus dorantes dorantes  ______  ARba,ne  CH  (BB:55) (MM:51)      (subspecies from the southern US to Argentina)
    DORANTES LONGTAIL
    AR common name: Coluda Manchas Doradas      (translates to "Lilac-banded Longtail")
    CH common name: Hesperia Dorantes
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also in Florida & the West Indies. In Chile, in the Azapa Valley, Arica)



    A Dorantes Longtail photographed during a FONT tour
         (photo by Rise Hill)
  77. Urbanus teleus  (ph)  ______  ARne  EC  (K:269) (EBE:145) (MM:53) (PE:30)
    TELEUS LONGTAIL 
    AR common name: Coludo Linea Blanca      (translates to "White-lined Longtail")
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)



    A Teleus, or White-lined Longtail, Urbanus teleus,
    photographed during the FONT tour in southern Ecuador in April 2014
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
  78. Urbanus tanna  ______  BRmg  (PE:text)  (species described in 1952) 
    TANNA LONGTAIL
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador, the Guianas, also Trinidad)
  79. Urbanus velinus  ______  
    VELINUS SKIPPER
         (Range: Guatemala to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
  80. Urbanus trebia  ______
    WHITE-CAPPED LONGTAIL
         (Range: El Salvador to Colombia and Trinidad)
  81. Urbanus ambiguus  ______  (species described in 1983)
    (Range: in Surinam)
  82. Urbanus cindra  ______  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: in Bolivia)
  83. Urbanus simplicius  (ph)  ______  EC  ARne  EC  (EBE:145) (MM:52) (PE:text)
    PLAIN LONGTAIL
    AR common name: Coludo Simple      (translates to "Simple Longtail")
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)



    A Plain Longtail photographed during a FONT tour
         (photo by Rise Hill)
  84. Urbanus procne ______  ARba  (BB:57) (EBE:145) (K:269) (PE:30)
    BROWN LONGTAIL
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
  85. Urbanus carmelita  ______  EC
    Urbanus carmelita carmelita  ______      (subspecies from Panama to Brazil)
    Urbanus carmelita barra  ______      (subspecies in Brazil, in Bahia, described in 1952)  

  86. Urbanus evenus  ______  
     (Range: in Brazil)
  87. Urbanus longicaudus  ______  (species described in 1998)
    (Range: in Brazil)
  88. Urbanus parvus  ______  (species described in 1998)
    (Range: in Brazil) 
  89. Urbanus reductus  ______  
     (Range: in Brazil)
  90. Urbanus villus  ______  (species described in 1998)
    (Range: in Brazil)
  91. Urbanus zagorus  ______  
     (Range: Brazil)
  92. Urbanus doryssus  ______  EC  (EBE:146) (PE:30)
    Urbanus doryssus doryssus  ______      (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia & southern Brazil)
    Urbanus doryssus albicuspis  ______  ARne  (MM:54)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    WHITE-TAILED LONGTAIL
    AR common name: Puntas Blancas      (translates to "White Tips")

  93. Urbanus albimargo  ______  EC
    Urbanus albimargo albimargo  ______      (subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)
    Urbanus albimargo takuta  ______      (subspecies described in Guyana, in 1952)
    Urbanus albimargo rica  ______      (subspecies in Paraguay, described in 1952)

  94. Urbanus virescens  ______
    GREEN-WASHED LONGTAIL
         (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
  95. Urbanus chalco  ______  EC
    GREAT WHITE LONGTAIL
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
    Genus ASTRAPTES: FLASHERS

  96. Astraptes talus  ______  EC
    GREEN FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also the West Indies) 
  97. Astraptes fulgerator  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:147) (K:279) (PE:30)
    Astraptes fulgerator fulgerator  ______  ARne  (MM:55)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina, and elsewhere in South America )
    TWO-BARRED FLASHER  (or Flashing Astraptes)
    AR common name: Relampagueante      (translates to "he who throws out light")  
    (Range: south Texas, mostly in the Rio Grande Valley, to Argentina)

         Astraptes fulgerator is now said to be a complex of continental species-level taxa.



    Two-barred Flasher
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  98. Astraptes tucuti  ______
    TUCUTI FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
  99. Astraptes egregius  ______  EC  (K:279) (PE:text)
     Astraptes egregius egregius  ______      (subspecies from south Texas as a stray to Venezuela)
    Astraptes egregius coxeyi  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador)
    SMALL-SPOTTED FLASHER
  100. Astraptes alardus  ______  EC  (K:279) (PE:text)
     Astraptes alardus latia  ______      (subspecies from Mexico to Colombia, described in 1952)
    Astraptes alardus aquila  ______      (subspecies in Colombia, described in 1952)
    Astraptes alardus alardus  ______      (subspecies described in Surinam)

    Astraptes alardus     was conspecific with the Frosty Flasher of Cuba, Astraptes habana.
  101. Astraptes enotrus  ______  EC
    WHITE-SPOTTED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)  
  102. Astraptes aulus  ______   EC
    GREEN-TINGED FLASHER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Argentina)
  103. Astraptes brevicauda  ______  EC

  104. Astraptes chiriquensis  ______  EC

  105. Astraptes cretatus  ______  EC

  106. Astraptes galesus  ______  EC

  107. Astraptes halesius  ______
     (Range: in the Guianas)
  108. Astraptes latimargo  ______  EC

  109. Astraptes mabillei  ______  (species described in 1989)
    (Range: in Bolivia)
  110. Astraptes phalaecus  ______
    YELLOW-EDGED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  111. Astraptes megalurus  ______
    LONG-TAILED FLASHER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  112. Astraptes apastus  ______  EC
    Astraptes apastus apastus  ______      (subspecies from Mexico to Brazil)
    Astraptes apastus pusa  ______      (subspecies in Brazil, in Bahia, described in 1952)

  113. Astraptes alector  ______  EC  (EBE:147)
    Astraptes alector hopfferi     (or gilberti)  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia & northwestern Brazil)
    Astraptes alector alector  ______      (subspecies in Colombia)     
  114. Astraptes anaphus  ______  EC  (K:279) (PE:text)
    Astraptes anaphus anaphus  ______  ARne  (MM:59)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    YELLOW-TIPPED FLASHER      (or Yellow Flasher)  
         AR common name: Cola Amarilla  (translates to "Yellow Tail")
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina, rarely north to southern Texas)

  115. Astraptes erycina  ______
     (Range: in Brazil)
  116. Astraptes janeira  ______  EC
    SCHAUS' FLASHER
     (Range: in Brazil & Ecuador)
  117. Astraptes naxos  ______  EC
     (Range; in Brazil & Ecuador) 
  118. Astraptes fulgor  ______  
     (Range: in Argentina)
  119. Astraptes fulviluna  ______  ARne  (MM:56)
    AR common name: Brillante  ("Flashy")

  120. Astraptes creteus  ______  EC
    Astraptes creteus siges  ______      ARne  (MM:57)
    SILVERED FLASHER
     AR common name: Mancha de Tiza  ("Chalk Spot")

  121. Astraptes elorus  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:58)
    AR common name: Elorus      (Elorus is the ancient name of a river in Sicily) 


    Genus AUTOCHTON

  122. Autochton bipunctatus  ______  EC
  123. Autochton longipennis  ______  EC
  124. Autochton neis  ______  EC
  125. Autochton zarex  ______  ARba,ne  EC  (BB:59) (EBE:145) (MM:60)  
    SHARP-BANDED SKIPPER
    AR common name: Saltarin Franja Blanca  ("White-banded Skipper'')


    Genus BUNGALOTIS

  126. Bungalotis astylos  ______  EC
  127. Bungalotis erythus  ______  EC
  128. Bungalotis midas  ______  EC

    Genus CEPHISE

  129. Cephise procerus  ______  EC

    Genus CHRYSOPLECTRUM

  130. Chrysoplectrum  perniciosus  ______  EC

    Genus ECTOMIS

  131. Ectomis cythna  ______  EC

    Genus HYALOTHYRUS

  132. Hyalothyrus infernalis  ______  EC
  133. Hyalothyrus leucomeias  ______  EC
  134. Hyalothyrus neleus  ______  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)


    Genus MARELA

  135. Marela tamyroides  ______  EC

    Genus NARCOSIUS:      genus created in 1986 

  136. Narcosius colossus  ______  EC
  137. Narcosius narcosius  ______  EC
  138. Narcosius parisi  ______  EC

    Genus NERULA

  139. Nerula fibrena  ______  EC 

    Genus OCYBA

  140. Ocyba calathana  ______  EC

    Genus OECHYDRUS

  141. Oechydrus cheris  ______  ARba  (BB:63)
    AR common name: Saltarin Franja Amarilla  ("Yellow-banded Skipper")


    Genus OILEIDES

  142. Oileides amazonensis  ______  EC  (species described in 1947)

  143. Oileides vulpinus  ______  EC


    Genus PHAREAS

  144. Phareas coeleste  ______  EC

    Genus PORPHYROGENES

  145. Porphyrogenes vulpecula  ______  EC
  146. Porphyrogenes zohra  ______  EC

    Genus RIDENS:      genus created in 1952

  147. Ridens bridgmani  ______  EC
  148. Ridens fulminans  ______  EC
  149. Ridens mephitis  ______  EC
  150. Ridens philistus  ______  EC
  151. Ridens ridens  ______  EC

    Genus SALATIS

  152. Salatis cebrenus  ______  EC

    Genus SARMIENTOIA

  153. Sarmientoia phaselis  ______  EC
  154. Sarmientoia haywardi  ______  ARba,ne  (BB:61) (MM:61)
    AR common name: Dormilona Zigzag      ("Zigzag Sleepyhead", referring to the habit of resting during the day and the "V" pattern on the hindwing) 


    Genus TARSOCTENUS

  155. Tarsoctenus corytus  ______  EC

    Genus NASCUS

  156. Nascus broteas  ______  EC
  157. Nascus paulliniae  ______  EC
  158. Nascus phocus  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:62)
    COMMON SCARLET-EYE
    AR common name: Foco      (referring to the scientific name) 


    Genus CELAENORRHINUS

  159. Caleaenorrhinus similis similis  ______  ARne  (MM:63)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Terca  ("Obstinate", referring to its obstinate habit of always resting in the same places where it sunbathes)


    Genus TELEMIADES

  160. Telemiades antiope  ______  EC
  161. Telemiades avitus  ______  EC
  162. Telemiades centrites  ______  EC
  163. Telemiades delalande  ______  EC
  164. Telemiades epicalus  ______  EC
  165. Telemiades meris  ______  EC
  166. Telemiades nicomedes  ______  EC
  167. Telemiades laogonus  ______
    Telemiades laogonus laogonus  ______  ARne  (MM:64)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Laogono  (referring to the scientific name; Laogono was a Trojan)

  168. Telemiades amphion  ______  EC
    Telemiades amphion marpesus  ______  ARne  (MM:65)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    COSTA-SPOTTED LEAFHUGGER
    AR common name: Anfion      (referring to the scientific name; Anfion was the founder of Thebes, and the son of Jupiter)        


    Genus DYSCOPHELLUS 

  169. Dyscophellus marian  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1952)

  170. Dyscophellus nicephorus  ______  EC
  171. Dyscophellus phraxanor  ______  EC
  172. Dyscophellus porcius  ______  EC
  173. Dyscophellus ramusis  ______  EC 
  174. Dyscophellus euribates ______ (PE:text)
    EURIBATES SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, rarely north to Texas)


         Genus SPATHILEPIA   

  175. Spathilepia clonius  ______  EC  (EBE:145) (K:277) (PE:31)
    FALCATE SKIPPER
    (Range: south Texas & Mexico to Argentina) 


         Genus COGIA
  176. Cogia calchas  ______  EC  (K:265) (PE:31)
    MIMOSA SKIPPER      (or Calchas Skipper)
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
  177. Cogia hippalus______ (K:259) (PE: text)
    ACACIA SKIPPER 
    (Range: southwest US to Brazil)


    Subfamily PYRGINAE

         PYRGINAE is a diverse and heterogeneous group. They often sit with extended wings, but sometimes they close them.

    In Ecuador, there are at least 76 genera with over 230 species. 

    Representative genera in PYRGINAE include:
    Achlyodes, with A. pallida with a golden coloration, and common in cloud forests 
    Anastrus, Cycloglypha, and Ebrietas, all with dark purplish colors
    Bolla, Gorgopas, and Straphylus, with their heads or bodies brightly colored 
    Heliopetes, common and white
    Jemadia, mimetic with Phocides, in EUDAMINAE (in this list, above)
    Mimononiades, with M. nurscia being generally common
    Mylon, with light colors
    Paches, with P. loxus being spectacular, with a brilliant blue 
    Potamanaxas, Nisoniades, quite diverse
    Pyrgus, very common, with bluish and white spots
    Pyrrhopyge, with long wings and strong colors. An example is P. phidias.
    Theagenes, with T. albiplaga being gray with 2 white spots. But see also Potamanaxas spp.

    Host plants for PYRGNAE are varied, with for example those in Malvaceae, Verbenaceae, Rutaceae, and others.


    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe PYRRHOPYGINI


    Genus CHALYPYGE:     (genus created in 2002)

  178. Chalypyge zereda  ______  EC
    Chalypyge zereda hyhygieia  ______  EC      (subspecies in Colombia & northern Ecuador)
    Chalapyge zereda zereda  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Chalapyge zereda rufipectus  ______  EC      (subspecies in Colombia & central Ecuador)
    Chalapyge zereda zepha  ______  EC     (subspecies in southern Ecuador, described in 1951)
    Chalapyge zereda insana  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Chalapyge zereda rufinucha  ______      (subspecies in Peru & Bolivia) 
    ZEREDA SKIPPER


    Genus OCHROPYGE:      genus created in 2002

  179. Ochropyge ruficauda  ______  AR  BR
    RED-TAILED SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Brazil, Argentina)

    Genus PYRRHOPYGE:  FIRETIPS
  180. Pyrrhopyge phidias  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:148)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias bixae  ______      (subspecies from the Guianas to Mato Grosso, Brazil) 
    Pyrrhopyge phidias garata  ______      (subspecies in the Guianas)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias latifasciata  ______        (subspecies in Colombia)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias rusca  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador, Peru, southwest Brazil, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias leucoloma  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias phidias  ______      (subspecies from Trinidad to Paraguay)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias guianae  ______      (subspecies in Trinidad & the Guianas)
    Pyrrhopyge phidias hyperici  ______      (subspecies in Brazil in Para)  
    ORIGINAL FIRETIP



     Original Firetip
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  181. Pyrrhopyge pseudophidias  ______
    IMPOSTOR FIRETIP
    (Range: Panama to Peru & northern Brazil)

  182. Pyrrhopyge evansi  ______   (species described in 1947)
    Pyrrhopyge evansi evansi  ______      (subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas)
    Pyrrhopyge evansi borburata  ______      (subspecies in Venezuela, described in 2010)
    EVANS' FIRETIP   
  183. Pyrrhopyge crida  ______  EC
    WHITE-BANDED FIRETIP
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  184. Pyrrhopyge cosyra  ______  EC
  185. Pyrrhopyge schausi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    SCHAUS' FIRETIP   
         (Range: Colombia to Peru)
  186. Pyrrhopyge cressoni  ______  EC
    CRESSON'S FIRETIP
         (Range: in Ecuador, Bolivia)
  187. Pyrrhopyge martena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    MARTENA FIRETIP
         (Range: in Ecuador)
  188. Pyrrhopyge sadia  ______  EC  (species described in 1951)
    SADIA FIRETIP
         (Range: in Ecuador, Peru)
  189. Pyrrhopyge sergius  ______  EC
  190. Pyrrhopyge frona  ______  (species described in 1951)
    INCA FIRETIP
         (Range: in Peru)
  191. Pyrrhopyge mopsus  ______
    MOPSUS FIRETIP
         (Range: in Peru)
  192. Pyrrhopyge creona  ______  
    CREONA FIRETIP
         (Range: Peru & Amazonian Brazil)
  193. Pyrrhopyge amyclas  ______  EC  
  194. Pyrrhopyge amythaon  ______  EC

  195. Pyrrhopyge arinas  ______  EC

  196. Pyrrhopyge aziza  (ph)  ______  EC
    Pyrrhopyge aziza aziza  ______      (subspecies in Colombia)
    Pyrrhopyge aziza lexos  ______  EC      (subspecies from Guyana to Peru)  
    Pyrrhopyge aziza araethyrea  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Pyrrhopyge aziza troja  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge aziza arbor  ______      (subspecies in Colombia, Venezuela)
    Pyrrhopyge aziza attis  ______      (subspecies in Bolivia)
    Pyrrhopyge aziza subnubilus  ______      (subspecies in Argentina) 
    AZIZA FIRETIP
         (Range: in the eastern Andes from Colombia & Venezuela to Bolivia; also in mountains in Guyana & Argentina) 



    Aziza Firetip 
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  197. Pyrrhopyge arax  ______  (species described in 1951)
    ARAX FIRETIP
     (Range: southeast Peru, Bolivia)
  198. Pyrrhopyge pusca  ______  
    PUSCA FIRETIP
     (Range: in Peru, Bolivia)
  199. Pyrrhopyge kelita  ______  EC
    STREAKED FIRETIP
         (Range: in southeast Peru, Bolivia)
  200. Pyrrhopyge crista  ______  (species described in 1951)
    CRISTA FIRETIP
         (Range: in Bolivia)
  201. Pyrrhopyge papius  ______  EC
  202. Pyrrhopyge proculus  ______  
    Pyrrhopyge proculus cardus  ______      (subspecies in northern Brazil)
    Pyrrhopyge proculus hyleus  ______      (subspecies in northern Brazil) 
    Pyrrhopyge proculus lina  ______      (subspecies in northern Brazil, in Para, described in 1947)
    Pyrrhopyge proculus cintra  ______      (subspecies from the Guianas to Peru, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge proculus draudti  ______      (subspecies from Colombia & Venezuela to Bolivia)
    Pyrrhopyge proculus proculus  ______      (subspecies from Trinidad & Colombia to northern Brazil)
    PROCULUS FIRETIP
  203. Pyrrhopyge hadassa  (ph)  ______  EC
    Pyrrhopyge hadassa hadassa  ______  EC      (subspecies from Colombia to Peru)
    Pyrrhopyge hadassa henna  ______      (subspecies in Peru, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge hadassa pseudohadassa  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Pyrrhopyge hadassa halma  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)   
    HADASSA FIRETIP



     Hadassa Firetip 
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  204. Pyrrhopyge terra  ______   (species described in 1951)
    TERRA FIRETIP
     (Range: in Bolivia)
  205. Pyrrhopyge punctata  ______
    SONGO FIRETIP
     (Range: in Bolivia, by the Rio Songo)
  206. Pyrrhopyge melanomerus  (ph)  ______  EC
    Pyrrhopyge melanomerus melanomerus  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)
    Pyrrhopyge melanomerus patma  ______  EC      (subspecies in southern Ecuador, northeast Peru)
    MELANOMERUS FIRETIP



     Melanomerus Firetip
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  207. Pyrrhopyge telassa  (ph)  ______  EC
    Pyrrhopyge telassa telassa  ______  EC      (subspecies in Ecuador)
    Pyrrhopyge telassa phaeax  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Pyrrhopyge telassa silex  ______      (subspecies in Peru, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge telassa croceimargo  ______      (subspecies in southern Peru & Bolivia)  
    TELASSA FIRETIP



    Telassa Firetip 
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  208. Pyrrhopyge telassina  ______
    Pyrrhopyge telassina telassina  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Pyrrhopyge telassina tagra  ______      (subspecies in Peru, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge telassina shiva  ______      (subspecies in southeast Peru & Bolivia, described in 1951) 
    TELASSINA FIRETIP
  209. Pyrrhopyge thericles pseudophidias  ______  EC  (subspecies from Costa Rica to Brazil)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles fola  ______      (subspecies in Colombia & southwest Venezuela, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles raymondi  ______      (subspecies in Venezuela, described in 2010)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles ronda  ______      (subspecies in Trinidad, described in 1953)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles grinda  ______      (subspecies in Guyana, described in 1953) 
    Pyrrhopyge thericles ponicia  ______      (subspecies in the Guianas & northern Brazil, described in 1951)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles thericles  ______      (subspecies in northeast Brazil)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles orientis  ______      (subspecies in northern Brazil in Para, described in 1947)
    Pyrrhopyge thericles rileyi  ______  EC  BRse          (subspecies in Ecuador, Bolivia, southeast Brazil)
    IMPOSTER FIRETIP
  210. Pyrrhopyge charybdis  ______
    Pyrrhopyge charybdis charybdis  ______  ARne  (MM:32)      (subspecies in southern Brazil & northeast Argentina)
    Pyrrhopyge charybdis semita  ______      (subspecies in southern Brazil, described in 1951) 
    CHARYBDIS FIRETIP
  211. Pyrrhopyge pelota  ______  ARne  (MM:33)
     PELOTA FIRETIP
     AR common name: Monsenor          ("Monsignor" referring to its color)
    (Range: Bolivia, Paraguay, northeast Argentina, southern Brazil)


    Genus YANGUNA
  212. Yanguna tetricus  ______  
    TETRICUS SKIPPER
     (Range: in Guyana, Peru)
  213. Yanguna cometes  ______  EC
    Yanguna cometes cometes  ______      (subspecies in French Guiana, northern Brazil)
    Yanguna cometes staudingeri  ______  EC      (subspecies in Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
    Yanguna cometes angeli  ______      (subspecies in Venezuela, described in 2010)
    Yanguna cometes cometides  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)
    COMET SKIPPER
  214. Yanguna thelersa  ______  EC
    THELERSA SKIPPER
     (Range: from the Guianas & northern Brazil to Ecuador, Peru)   
  215. Yanguna cosyra  ______  EC
    COSYRA SKIPPER
    (Range: Guatemala to Ecuador)

  216. Yanguna spatiosa  (ph)  ______  EC
    Yangosa spatiosa spatiosa  ______      (subspecies in western Colombia, Ecuador)
    Yangosa spatiosa mabillei  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Yangosa spatiosa aspilos  ______      (subspecies in Bolivia)   
         SPATIOSA SKIPPER



    Spatiosa Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


    Genus ZONA:      genus created in 1951 
  217. Zona zonia  ______  EC  (species described in 1951)

    Genus MELANOPYGE

  218. Melanopyge maculosa  ______
    MACULOSA SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)


    Genus JONASPYGE:       (genus created in 2002)
  219. Jonaspyge aesculapus  ______  EC
    FIRE-EDGED SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 


    Genus ELBELLA

  220. Elbella intersecta  ______  EC
    Elbella intersecta strova  ______      (subspecies from Panama to Venezuela, described in 1951)
    Elbella intersecta losca  ______  BRse      (subspecies in southeast Brazil) 
    VARIABLE FIRETIP

  221. Elbella patroclus  ______  EC
    Elbella patroclus patroclus  ______      (subspecies from Panama to Bolivia)
    PATROCULUS SKIPPER

  222. Elbella dulcinea  ______
    DULCINEA SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela & Ecuador)

  223. Elbella patrobas  ______  EC
    Elbella patrobas patrobas  ______      (subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia)
    PATROBAS SKIPPER

  224. Elbella miodesmiata  ______
    ROBER'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico, Panama to Colombia)

  225. Ebella azeta  ______  EC

  226. Ebella scylla  ______  EC


    Genus PARELBELLA

  227. Parelbella macleannani  ______  EC
    MACLEANNAN'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)


    Genus JEMADIA

  228. Jemadia pseudognetus  ______  EC
    DOT-COLLARED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & the upper Amazon)

  229. Jemadia hewitsonii  ______  BRmg  EC  (EBE:148)
    Jemadia hewitsoni albescens  (ph)  ______  EC      (subspecies from Ecuador to Bolivia)
    Jemadia hewitsoni hewitsoni  ______      (subspecies from the Guianas to Peru)
    Jemadia hewitsoni ovid  ______  EC      (subspecies in Colombia & Ecuador, described in 1951)
         HEWITSON'S SKIPPER  



    Hewitson's Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  230. Jemadia hospita  ______  BRmg  EC
    Jemadia hospita hospita  ______  EC       subspecies from Colombia to western Brazil
    Jemadia hospita imitator  ______       subspecies in Colombia
    Jemadia hospita hephaestos  ______       subspecies in Surinam
    HOSPIDA SKIPPER
  231. Jemadia fallax  ______  BRmg  EC
     FALLAX SKIPPER
  232. Jemadia gnetus  ______  BRmg  EC
     GNETUS SKIPPER


    Genus AMYSORIA

  233. Amysoria galgala  ______  EC
    RED-BANDED FIRETIP
         (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Ecuador)

    Genus MIMARDARIS

  234. Mimardaris sela  (ph)  ______  BRse  EC
    Mimardaris sela sela  ______      (subspecies in Colombia)
    Mimardaris sela aequatorea  ______  EC      (subspecies from Colombia to Peru)
    Mimardaris sela peruviana  ______      (subspecies in Peru)
    Mimardaris sela periphema  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)
    Mimardaris sela chanchamayonis  ______      (subspecies in Peru, Bolivia)
    SELA SKIPPER



    Sela Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  235. Mimardaris aerata  ______
    AERATA SKIPPER
     (Range: in Colombia)
  236. Mimardaris porus  ______  EC
    Mimardaris porus porus  ______      (subspecies in Colombia)
    Mimardaris porus mortis  ______      (subspecies in Peru, described in 1951)
    PORUS SKIPPER
  237. Mimardaris minthe  _______  EC
    MINTHE SKIPPER
     (Range: Colombia to Peru)   
  238. Mimardaris pityusa  ______  EC
    PITYUSA SKIPPER
     (Range: Ecuador, Peru)
  239. Mimardaris lomax  ______  (species described in 1951)
    LOMAX SKIPPER
  240. Mimardaris montra  ______  (species described in 1951)
    MONTRA SKIPPER

    Genus MIMONIADES

  241. Mimoniades nurscia  ______  EC
    Mimoniades nurscia malis  ______  EC  (EBE:148)      (subspecies in Ecuador)
  242. Mimoniades montana  ______  BRse
  243. Mimoniades ocyalus  ______  BRse

  244. Mimoniades versicolor  ______  BR  EC
    Mimoniades versicolor versicolor  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    VERSICOLOR SKIPPER

    Genus MYSORIA
  245. Mysoria barcastus  ______  AR  EC
    Mysoria barcastus venezuelae  ______       subspecies from Panama to the Guianas, also Trinidad and Tobago
    Mysoria barcastus barta  ______  ARne  (MM:34)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    ROYAL FIRETIP
     AR common name: Obispo  (    translates to "Bishop")
    BR common name: Bispo  ("Bishop")
  246. Mysoria amra  ______  EC

    Genus MYSARBIA:      genus created in 2002
  247. Mysarbia sejanus  ______  BRam,mg  EC
    Mysarbia sejanus stolli  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Amazonian Brazil
    BLACK-VEINED FIRETIP


    Genus SARBIA

  248. Sarbia damippe  ______  BRse
    DAMIPPE FIRETIP

  249. Sarbia xanthippe  ______  BRse
    XANTHIPPE FIRETIP


    Genus AZONAX
  250. Azonax typhaon  ______  
    TYPHAON SKIPPER  
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas)


         Genus MYSCELUS
  251. Myscelus amystis  ______  EC
    Myscelus amystis epigona  ______  ARne  (MM:35)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    WIDESPREAD MYSCELUS      (or Common Mytip)
    AR common name: Epigono  (Epigono was the name given to the children of the seven leaders of Tebas, who were killed in the siege of that city)
    BR common name: Leque  (meaning "fan")

  252. Myscelus phoronis  ______  EC
    Myscelus phoronis phoronis  ______      subspecies from Panama to Bolivia
    PHORONIS MYSCELUS  
  253. Myscelus belli  ______
    BELL'S MYSCELUS
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  254. Myscelus perissodora  ______
    DYER'S MYSCELUS
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  255. Myscelus assaricus  ______  EC

  256. Myscelus pardalina  ______  EC

  257. Myscelus pegasus  ______  EC

  258. Myscelus epimachia  ______  EC
    Myscelus epimachia verina  ______  EC  (EBE:148)      subspecies in Ecuador
    Myscelus epimachia epimachia  (ph)  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    EPIMACHIA GLORY



    Epimachia Glory
         (photo by Jorge Bizarro)

  259. Myscelus santhilarius  ______  BRse


    Genus PASSOVA

  260. Passova ganymedes  ______  EC
  261. Passova passova  ______  EC

    Genus ASPITHA

  262. Aspitha leander  ______
    LEANDER FIRETIP
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  263. Aspitha aspitha parima  ______  subspecies in the Guianas, northern Brazil, Trinidad 
    Aspitha aspitha aspitha  ______      subspecies in Amazonian Brazil
    Aspitha aspitha rufescens  ______      subspecies in Brazil, in Rondonia
    ASPITHA FIRETIP

  264. Aspitha bassieri  ______  
    BASSIER'S FIRETIP
         (Range: in Peru)
  265. Aspithia agenoria agenoria  ______  EC  subspecies from Colombia to Bolivia    
    Aspithia agenoria cruor  ______      subspecies in Peru
    Aspithia agenoria saniers  ______      subspecies in Peru, Bolivia 


    Genus GRANILA

  266. Granilla paseas  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:36)  
    PASEAS SKIPPER
    AR common name: Paseas      (referring to the scientific name, Paseas governed Sicione, an important Greek city)
    (Range: southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, Paraguay) 


    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CARCHARODINI


    Genus ARTEUROTIA

  267. Arteurotia tractipennis  ______  (PE:text)
     Arteurotia tractipennis tractipennis  ______      subspecies from Texas to Surinam and Bolivia
    STARRED SKIPPER      (or Arteurotia Skipper)  
         (Range: northern Mexico to northern South America, strays to far-southern Texas)


    Genus POLYCTOR  
  268. Polyctor polyctor  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:153)
    Polyctor polyctor polyctor  (ph)  ______  BRse      subspecies from Costa Rica to Argentina and southeast Brazil
    Polyctor polyctor dagua  ______      (in Colombia, subspecies described in 1953)
    POLYCTOR TUFTED-SKIPPER


    Polyctor Tufted-Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  269. Polyctor fera  ______
    Polyctor fera fera  ______      subspecies in Bolivia
    Polyctor fera falla  ______      subspecies in Venezuela, described in 1953


    Genus ILIANA

  270. Iliana heros  ______  EC


    JERA:      (genus endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  271. Jera tricuspidata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)   


    Genus MICTRIS:      (genus created in 1955)
  272. Mictris crispus  ______  EC
     Mictris crispus caerula  ______  EC      subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador
    CRISP SKIPPER

    Genus MIMIA:      (genus created in 1953)
  273. Mimia phidyle  ______  EC


    Genus MORVINA:      (genus created in 1953)

  274. Morvina fissimacula  ______  EC

  275. Morvina morvus  ______  EC


    Genus MYRINIA:      (genus created in 1953)

  276. Myrinia laddeyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  277. Myrinia myris  ______  EC
     MYRIS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus NISONIADES:  TUFTED-SKIPPERS
     
  278. Nisoniades rubescens  ______  EC  (K:275) (PE:text)
    PURPLISH TUFTED-SKIPPER      (or Purplish-black Skipper)
    (Range: north Mexico to the lower Amazon and Bolivia, strays to far-southern Texas) 

  279. Nisoniades panama  ______  EC  (species described in 1953) 
    PANAMANIAN TUFTED-SKIPPER
         (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
  280. Nisoniades laurentina  ______
    DARK TUFTED-SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, and Trinidad) 
  281. Nisoniades benda  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
  282. Nisoniades castolus  ______  EC
     CASTOLUS TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
  283. Nisoniades coca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1989)
  284. Nisoniades ephora  ______  EC
     EPHORA TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Peru and the Guianas, and Trinidad)
  285. Nisoniades evansi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1989)
  286. Nisoniades hecale  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  287. Nisoniades hora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  288. Nisoniades mimas  ______  EC

  289. Nisoniades nyctineme  ______  EC

  290. Nisoniades bipuncta  ______   BRse  
  291. Nisoniades macarius  ______  ARba,ne  EC  (BB:65) (MM:66)
     MACARIUS TUFTED-SKIPPER
         AR common name: Macario      (referring to the scientific name, given in honor of San Macario)
     (Range: Panama to Argentina)
  292. Nisoniades haywardi  ______  ARba  (BB:67)
    HAYWARD'S SKIPPER
    AR common name: Saltarin de Hayward


    Genus NOCTUANA

  293. Noctuana lactifera  ______
    Noctuana lactifera lactifera  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
         CRYPTIC SKIPPER

  294. Noctuana haematospila  ______  EC

  295. Noctuana noctua  ______  EC
     NOCTUA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Peru)
  296. Noctuana stator  ______  EC  (EBE:153)
     RED-STUDDED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Peru and the Guianas, and Trinidad) 
  297. Noctuana diurna  ______  BRse


    Genus PACHYNEURIA:  TUFTED-SKIPPERS

  298. Pachyneuria licisca  ______
     IMMACULATE TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  299. Pachyneuria helena  ______  EC

  300. Pachyneuria herophile  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  301. Pachyneuria inops  ______  BRse  EC

  302. Pachyneuria obscura  ______  EC 


    Genus PELLICIA:  TUFTED-SKIPPERS
     
  303. Pellicia dimidiata  ______  EC  (PE:text)
     Pellicia dimidiata dimidiata  ______      subspecies from Mexico to the Amazon, and Trinidad
    MORNING-GLORY TUFTED-SKIPPER      (or Morning Glory Pellicia)
    (Range: north Mexico to Argentina)

  304. Pellica angra  ______  EC
    RARE TUFTED-SKIPPER 
  305. Pellica costimacula  ______  EC
     Pellica costimacula costimacula  ______  BRse      subspecies from Panama to Paraguay and southern Brazil
    FROSTED TUFTED-SKIPPER
  306. Pellica trax  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
  307. Pellica tyana  ______  EC
  308. Pellica tonga  ______  (species described in 1953) 
    TONGA TUFTED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
  309. Pellica vecina  ______  BRmg
    Pellica vecina vecina  ______  ARne  (MM:67)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    VECINA TUFTED-SKIPPER
    AR common name: Vecina      (translates to "Similar'') 

    Genus OCELLA

  310. Ocella albata  (ph)  ______  EC
         (Range: in Ecuador and Peru) 



    Ocella albata
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  311. Ocella diophthalma  ______  

  312. Ocella monophthalma  ______  
    (Range: in Brazil)


    Genus VIOLA

  313. Viola minor  ______  ARba  (BB:69)
    COMMON SMALL SKIPPER
    AR common name: Saltarincito Comun

  314. Viola violella  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:68)
    AR common name: Manchadita  (    translates to "Little Spotted")

    Genus XISPIA

  315. Xispia quadrata  ______  EC


    Genus GORGOPAS

  316. Gorgopas chlorocephala  (ph)  ______  EC
    Gorgopas chlorocephala chlorocephala  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Bolivia
    Gorgopas chlorocephala sneiderni  ______      in Colombia, subspecies described in 1947
    GREEN-HEADED SOOTYWING


    Green-headed Sootywing
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  317. Gorgopas gutta  ______  (species described in 1953)
     (Range: in Peru)
  318. Gorgopas agyila  ______  
     (Range: in Bolivia)
  319. Gorgopas trochilus  ______  
     (Range: In Bolivia)
  320. Gorgopas petale  ______  BRse  EC
     (Range: in Brazil & Ecuador)  

    Genus BOLLA:  SOOTYWINGS

  321. Bolla cyclops  (or sonda)  ______
         CYCLOPS SOOTYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  322. Bolla cupreiceps  ______  EC
     COPPER-HEADED SOOTYWING
         (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  323. Bolla morona  ______  EC
  324. Bolla nigerrima  ______  EC
  325. Bolla phylo  ______  EC
  326. Bolla zora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
  327. Bolla zorilla  ______  EC
     ZORILLA SOOTYWING
         (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
  328. Bolla imbras  ______
     ROUNDED SOOTYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
  329. Bolla boliviensis  ______  
     BOLIVIAN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Guatemala to Bolivia)
  330. Bolla catharina  ______  BRse 

  331. Bolla atahualpai  ______  ARne  (MM:69)
     ATAHUALPAI SOOTYWING
         AR common name: Atahualpa      (referring to the scientific name, Atahualpa was the last emperor of the Incas)  
     (Range: Panama to Argentina) 


    Genus CYCLOSEMIA:  EYED-SKIPPERS

  332. Cyclosemia anastomosis  ______  EC
     NORTHERN EYED-SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  333. Cyclosemia leppa  ______  EC  (species described in 1953) 
    LEPPA EYED-SKIPPER
         (Range: Guatemala to Bolivia) 
  334. Cyclosemia lycaea  ______  
     LYCAEA EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southeast Brazil)
  335. Cyclosemia pedro  ______
     PEDRO EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Honduras to Amazonian Brazil)
  336. Cyclosemia subcaerulea  ______  
     SUBCAERULEA EYED-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)  

    Genus STAPHYLUS:  SOOTYWINGS

  337. Staphylus lenis  ______
     LENIS SOOTYWING
         (Range: Mexico to Trinidad)
  338. Staphylus vincula  ______
     MOUNTAIN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 

  339. Staphylus perforata  ______
     PERFORATA SOOTYWING
     (Range: Panama, Colombia, Peru)

  340. Staphylus azteca  ______  EC
     AZTEC SOOTYWING
         (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  341. Staphylus huigra  ______  EC
     Staphylus huigra huigra  ______      subspecies from Ecuador to Bolivia
    HUIGRA SOOTYWING
  342. Staphylus imperspicua  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  343. Staphylus melangon  ______  EC
  344. Staphylus minor  ______  EC
  345. Staphylus oeta  ______  EC
     OETA SOOTYWING
         (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia and Argentina)
  346. Staphylus saxos  ______  EC  (species described in 1953)
  347. Staphylus caribbea  ______  EC
    PANAMANIAN SOOTYWING
         (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
  348. Staphylus vulgata  ______  EC  (EBE:153)
     GOLDEN-SNOUTED SOOTYWING
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  349. Staphylus ascalaphus  ______
     CENTRAL AMERICAN SOOTYWING
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 
  350. Staphylus ascalon  ______  ARne  (MM:70)
    AR common name: Ascalonita      (referring to the scientific name, Ascalon was a Palestinian city besieged by Balduino III. Ascalonita was an inhabitant of Ascalon)

  351. Staphylus melaina  ______  ARne  (MM:71)
    AR common name: Oscura      ("Dark", referring to its coloration) 

  352. Staphylus incisus  ______  ARne  (MM:72)
    AR common name: Saltarin Ocraceo      ("Ochraceous Skipper", referring to the color of the outer margins of the wings)

  353. Staphylus aurocapilla  ______  ARba  (BB:73)
    AR common name: Saltarin Boca Blanca  ("White Mouth Skipper")


    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe CELAENORRHININI


    Genus CELAENORRHINUS

  354. Celaenorrhinus cynapes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    Celaenorrhinus cynapes cynapes  ______      subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador
    SMALL FLAT 
  355. Celaenorrhinus eligius  ______  EC
     ELIGIUS FLAT
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru, and to the Guianas and Trinidad and Tobago)
  356. Celaenorrhinus shema  ______  EC

  357. Celaenorrhinus songoensis  ______  EC  (EBE:149)

  358. Celaenorrhinus suthina  ______  EC
  359. Celaenorrhinus monartus  ______
     DOTTED FLAT
     (Range: southern Mexico to northern Brazil)
  360. Celanorrhinus bifurcus  ______
     BIFURCATE FLAT
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas, and Trinidad) 

    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe PYRGINI


    Genus ANISOCHORIA:  SNOUT-SKIPPERS

  361. Anisochoria minorella  ______  EC
  362. Anisochoria nadia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  363. Anisochoria pedaliodina  ______  EC
     Anisochoria pedaliodina polysticta  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas
    CENTRAL AMERICAN SNOUT-SKIPPER   
  364. Anisochoria sublimbata  ______  ARba,ne  (BB:75) (MM:87)
    AR common name: Ala Cortada      ("Cut Wing", ("Cut Wing", referring to the shape of the forewing apex) 


    Genus TRINA
  365. Trina geometrina  ______  EC
    Trina geometrina geometrina  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:73)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Geometrica  (referring to the scientific name and the geometric pattern on the wings)


    Genus PACHES

  366. Paches loxus  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:150)
    Paches loxus loxus  ______      subspecies from Panama to Ecuador & Brazil
    Paches loxus loxana  ______      in Bolivia, subspecies described in 1953 
    GLORIOUS BLUE-SKIPPER



    Glorious Blue Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  367. Paches trifasciatus  ______
    (Range; in Peru)

  368. Paches era  ______  (species described in 1953)
    (Range: in Peru)

  369. Paches gladiatus  ______
    (Range: in Brazil, in Para)

  370. Paches exosa  ______  EC
    (Range: in Amazonian Brazil & Ecuador)


    Genus CARRHENES:  HOARY SKIPPERS 
  371. Carrhenes canescens  ______  (K:295) (PE:31)
    Carrhenes canescens pallida  ______  ARne  (MM:83)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    HOARY SKIPPER
    AR common name: Encanecida  
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)

  372. Carrhenes calidius  ______  EC
     RAIN-FOREST HOARY-SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia)
  373. Carrehenes meridensis  ______
     COSTA RICAN HOARY-SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela) 
  374. Carrhenes lilloi  ______  EC
  375. Carrhenes leada  ______
     BUTLER'S HOARY-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 

    Genus CLITO:      (genus created in 1953)

  376. Clito aberrans  ______  EC
     NORTHERN CLITO
         (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  377. Clito zelotes  ______  EC
     HEWITSON'S CLITO
         (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas and the upper Amazon)


    Genus DIAEUS

  378. Diaeus ambata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
  379. Diaeus lacaena  ______  EC  (EBE:150)

  380. Diaeus variegata  (ph)  ______  
    (Range: in Peru)



    Diaeus variegata
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)

    Genus ERACON

  381. Eracon clinias  ______  EC
     CLINIAS SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon)
  382. Eracon paulinus  ______
     TEAR-DROP SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas and the upper Amazon)   

    Genus PSEUDODREPHALYS:      genus created in 1998
  383. Pseudodrephalys hypargus  ______  EC


    Genus SPIONIADES

  384. Spioniades abbreviata  ______  EC
     Spioniades abbreviata abbreviata  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
    WHITE-TIPPED SKIPPER
  385. Spioniades artemides  ______
     ARTEMIDES SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)


    Genus TIMOCHREON

  386. Timochreon satyrus  ______  EC
     Timochreon satyrus satyrus  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to the upper Amazon
    SATYR SKIPPER 

    Genus XENOPHANES
  387. Xenophanes tryxus  (ph)  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (EBE:150) (K:295) (MM:84) (PE:32)
    GLASSY-WINGED SKIPPER      (or Window-winged Skipper)
    AR common name: Jenofanes  (derived from the scientific name Xenophanes: Jenofanes was a Greek philosopher in the 6th Century B.C.)
    (Range: north Mexico to Argentina, periodically in far-south Texas)



    Glassy-winged Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


    Genus ANTIGONUS

  388. Antigonus erosus  (ph)  ______  BRse  EC
    COMMON SPURWING
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)


    A Common Spurwing photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Rise Hill)

  389. Antigonus nearchus  ______  EC  (EBE:149)
    LARGE SPURWING
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  390. Antigonus decens  ______
     (Range: in Peru)
  391. Antigonus mutilatus  (ph)  ______
     (Range: in Peru)


    Antigonus mutilatus
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  392. Antigonus minor  ______  (species described in 1980)
     (Range: in Brazil)  
  393. Antigonus liborius liborius  ______  subspecies in Brazil, in Bahia
    Antigonus liborius areta  ______  ARba,ne  (BB:71) (MM:85)      (subspecies in southern Brazil & Argentina)
    AR common name: Areta  (referring to the scientific name) 


    Genus ZOPYRION

  394. Zopyrion subvariegata  _______  EC


    Genus PYRGUS: CHECKERED SKIPPERS  (or GRIZZLED SKIPPERS)  

    In Chile, Pyrgus species are dusky brown with pale squared spots. The larvae feed on mallows.  

          
  395. Pyrgus adepta  ______  
    CENTRAL AMERICAN CHECKERED SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  396. Pyrgus brenda  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1942)
    BRENDA CHECKERED SKIPPER
    (Range: in Ecuador & Peru)  

  397. Pyrgus chloe  ______  (species described in 1942)
    (Range: in Peru)

  398. Pyrgus limbata limbata  ______  subspecies in Peru
    Pyrgus limbata nigella  ______      subspecies in Bolivia

  399. Pyrgus titicaca  ______

  400. Pyrgus orcynoides  ______  ARba  (BB:85) 
    AR common name: Cuadriculada Comun   
    (Range: Argentina)

  401. Pyrgus communis  ______  EC  (EBE:150) (K:289) (PW:39)
    COMMON CHECKERED SKIPPER

  402. Pyrgus oileus  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:150) (K:289) (PW:39)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767) 
    TROPICAL CHECKERED SKIPPER



    Above & below: Tropical Checkered Skippers
    photographed during FONT tours.
    Above: a male. Below: a female.
    Upper photo during the FONT tour in western Ecuador in May 2014. 
    (upper photo by Marie Gardner, lower photo by Rise Hill)




  403. Pyrgus orcus  (ph)  ______  ARba,ne  BRse  EC  (BB:89) (MM:96)
    ORCUS CHECKERED SKIPPER
    AR common name: Cuadriculada de Pluton  ("Pluto's Checkered",     referring to the scientific name.  "Orcus" is an old Roman name of Pluto, the king of hell.)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, and from Trinidad north to Dominica)  



    Above & below: Two photos and two views 
    of the Orcus Checkered Skipper
     (both photos by Sherry Nelson)
  404. Pyrgus barrosi  ______  CH  (species described in 1956)
    CH common name: Hesperia de Octavio
    (Range: in Chile, in Antofagasta at sandy sites with leguminous vegetation, at around 13,000 feet above sea level)

  405. Pyrgus bocchoris  ______
    Pyrgus bocchoris cuzcona  ______      subspecies in Peru
    Pyrgus bocchoris bocchoris  ______      subspecies in Bolivia  
    Pyrgus bocchoris trisignatus  ______  CH      (subspecies in Chile)
    CH common name: Hesperia de Tres Manchas
    (Range: in Chile, commonly from Arica to Biobio) 

  406. Pyrgus fides  ______  CH
    CH common name: Hesperia Parda
    (Range: Peru, Argentina, Chile; in Chile, fairly common from Arica to central Chile)

  407. Pyrgus notatus  ______  EC
    Pyrgus notatus notatus  ______  CH      subspecies in Chile
    Pyrgus notatus valdivina  ______  CH      subspecies in Chile
    CH common name: Hesperia Parda Comun
    (Range: in Chile, fairly common from Santiago to Valdivia)


    Genus HELIOPYRGUS

  408. Heliopyrgus domicella  (formerly Heliopetes domicella)  ______  EC  (K:293) (P:42)
    Heliopyrgus domicella domicella  ______      subspecies from the southern US to Venezuela
    ERICHSON'S WHITE-SKIPPER
    (Range: the southwest US and northern Mexico to Argentina) 

  409. Heliopyrgus americanus  (formerly Heliopetes americanus)  ______
    Heliopyrgys americanus bellatrix  ______  ARba,ne  CH  (BB:87) (MM:95)      (subspecies in Argentina)
    AR common name: Cuadriculada Belicosa  ("Checkered Warrior", referring to the wing pattern similar to a checkerboard and its scientific name, bellatrix, meaning "warrior") 
    CH common name: Hesperia Gris Comun
    (Range in Chile: from Atacama to Biobio)

    The flight of Heliopyrgus americanus in Chile is from September to May. 


    Genus HELIOPETES: LARGE WHITE SKIPPERS
     
  410. Heliopetes laviana  ______  EC  (EBE:149) (K:293) (PE:42)
    Heliopetes laviana laviana  ______      subspecies from the southwest US to Venezuela
    Heliopetes laviana libra  ______ (MM:98)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    LAVIANA WHITE-SKIPPER
    AR common name: Libra     (referring to the scientific name)
         (Range: south Texas to Argentina, strays into Arizona & cent Texas)

  411. Heliopetes macaira  ______  EC  (K:293) (P:42)
    TURK'S-CAP WHITE-SKIPPER      (or Macaira Skipper)
    (Range: south Texas to Paraguay)

  412. Heliopetes arsalte  (ph)  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  EC  (EBE:149) (MM:97)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)   
         VEINED WHITE-SKIPPER
    AR common name: Arsalte     (referring to the scientific name) 
    (Range: southern Texas and Mexico to Argentina)


    A Veined White-Skipper photographed in southeastern Brazil 
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)
  413. Heliopetes alana  ______  ARne  EC  (EBE:149) (MM:99)
    ALANA WHITE-SKIPPER
    AR common name: Alano      (referring to the scientific name, Alano was one of the "barbarian people" who invaded Spain during the 5th Century)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
  414. Heliopetes chimbo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  415. Heliopetes marginata  ______  EC

  416. Heliopetes nivella  ______  EC

  417. Heliopetes randa  ______  ARne  (MM:100)
    AR common name: Randa  ("Trimming Lace")

  418. Heliopetes omrina  ______  ARba,ne  EC  (BB:91) (MM:101)
    STAINED WHITE-SKIPPER
         AR common names: Omrina      (referring to the scientific name) and Blanco con Charreteras  ("white with epaulettes")  
    (Range: Panama to Argentina)


    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ACHLYODIDINI 


    Genus ACHLYODES (or EANTIS):  SICKLEWINGS       

  419. Achlyodes (or Eantis) thraso  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  EC  (EBE:151) (MM:89)
    SOUTHERN SICKLEWING      (or Sickle-winged Skipper) 
         AR common name: Saltarin Gancho  (translates to "Hooked Skipper", referring to the shape of the forewing apex)
    BR common name: Telao de Seda  ("silk screen") 
         (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)

  420. Achlyodes pallida  (or selva) (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:151)
    PALE SICKLEWING
         (Range: Mexico to Bolivia, north into Texas as a stray) 


    Pale Sicklewing
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  421. Achlyodes psimmithina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  422. Achlyodes busirus  ______  EC
    Achlyodes busirus heros  ______  EC      subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
    Achlyodes busirus rioja  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:88)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    GIANT SICKLEWING
     AR common name: Busiris      (referring to the scientific name, Busiris, in mythology, was the father of Thebes, killed by Hercules)


    Genus AETHILLA  

  423. Aethilla lavochrea  ______
     YELLOW-RIMMED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
  424. Aethilla echina  ______  ARne  EC
    Aethilla echina echina  ______      subspecies from southeast Mexico to southern Brazil 
    Aethilla echina coracina  ______  ARne  (MM:86)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    ECHINA SKIPPER  (or Frosted Groundskipper)
    AR common name: Coracina      ("Little Armor", meaning a small reinforcement covering the heart on the left of armor)
  425. Aethilla eleusinia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  426. Aethilla epicra  ______  EC

  427. Aethilla gigas  ______  EC 

    Genus ATAMES
  428. Atames sallei  ______  
     ORANGE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

    Genus HAEMACTIS

  429. Haemactis sanguinalis  ______  EC


    Genus OULEUS
  430. Ouleus panna  ______  (species described in 1953)
         PANNA SKIPPER
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
  431. Ouleus dilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  432. Ouleus narycus  ______  EC

  433. Ouleus fridericus  ______  EC
    Ouleus fridericus riona  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:76)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Kamba      (a Guarani word meaning  "dark-skinned person")


    Genus ZERA:      genus created in 1953

  434. Zera zera  ______  BRse
    Zera zera zera  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil 
    ZERA SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador and southern Brazil)
  435. Zera difficilis  ______
    DIFFICULT SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to the Guianas and the upper Amazon) 
  436. Zera hyacinthinus  ______  EC
     Zera hyacinthinus hyacinthinus  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    Zera hyacinthinus servius  ______  ARne  (MM:77)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    BRUISED ZERA
    AR common name: Jacinto  
  437. Zera nolckeni  ______  EC  (EBE:151)
     NOLCKEN'S SKIPPER
         (Range: Panama to Bolivia)
  438. Zera hosta  ______  (species described in 1953)
         HOSTA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia) 
  439. Zera tetrastigma  ______  BRse
    Zera tetrastigma tetrastigma  ______      subspecies from southern Mexico to the upper Amazon, and Trinidad
    Zera tetrastigma erisichthon  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
         TETRASTIGMA SKIPPER
  440. Zera phila  _______
     PHILA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia)

    Genus QUADRUS

  441. Quadrus cerialis  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:78)  
    COMMON BLUE-SKIPPER
    AR common name: Saltarin de Ceres      ("Saltarin" means "skipper", Ceres was the Latin goddess of farming)
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  442. Quadrus contubernalis  ______  EC
     Quadrus contubernalis contubernalis  ______      subspecies from southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon
    STRIPED BLUE-SKIPPER  
  443. Quadrus lugubris  ______  EC
     TANNED BLUE-SKIPPER
  444. Quadrus truncata  ______  EC
  445. Quadrus u-lucida  ______  EC


    Genus PYTHONIDES
  446. Pythonides pteras  ______
     NARROW-WINGED BLUE-SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia) 

  447. Pythonides grandis  ______  EC
     Pythonides grandis assecia  ______      subspecies from southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon in Peru
    MANY-SPOTTED BLUE-SKIPPER   
  448. Pythnides jovianus  ______  EC
     Pythnides jovianus amaryllis  ______      subspecies from southeast Mexico to Peru
    Pythnides jovianus jovianus  ______      subspecies in Colombia, the Guianas, the upper Amazon, and Trinidad
    VARIABLE BLUE-SKIPPER  
  449. Pythnides lerina  ______  EC
  450. Pythnides neivai  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  451. Pythnides parallelus  ______  EC
  452. Pythnides pescada  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1956)

  453. Pythnides proxenus  ______
    PROXENUS BLUE-SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)
  454. Pythnides herennius  ______
    Pythnides herennius herennius  ______      subspecies from Panama to Peru and the Amazon
    HERENNIUS BLUE-SKIPPER
  455. Pythonides lances  ______  ARne  (MM:79)
    AR common name: Lanza      ("Lance", referring to the shape of the white spots on the hindwings)


    Genus MILANION
  456. Milanion hemes  ______
    Milanion hemes hemes  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas, and Trinidad
         HEMES SKIPPER
  457. Milanion marciana  ______
     MARCIANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)   

  458. Milanion pilumnus  ______  EC

  459. Milanion leucaspis  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:80)
    AR common name: Escudo Blanco      (translates to "White Shield")     

    Genus CHARIDIA

  460. Charidia lucaria  (ph)  ______   EC
    Charidia lucaria lucaria  ______      subspecies in the Guianas
    Charidia lucaria pilea  ______      subspecies in Colombia, described in 1951
    Charidia lucaria mayo  ______      subspecies in Peru, described in 1953
    Charidia lucaria pocus  ______      subspecies in Peru, described in 1953
    LUCARIA SKIPPER  



    Lucaria Skipper
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


    Subfamily PYRGINAE, Tribe ERYNNINI  


    Genus ANASTRUS

  461. Anastrus meliboea  ______  EC
     Anastrus meliboea meliboea  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
    SCARCE ANASTRUS   
  462. Anastrus neaeris  (ph)  ______  BR
    Anastrus neaeris neaeris  ______      subspecies from southern Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador
    Anastrus neaeris narva  ______  BRmg      from Panama to Bolivia and east-central Brazil, subspecies described in 1953
    BRILLIANT ANASTRUS 



    Brilliant Anastrus
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  463. Anastrus obscurus  ______  EC

  464. Anastrus sempiternus  ______  EC  (EBE:152)
     Anastrus sempiternus sempiternus  ______  EC      subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador
    COMMON ANASTRUS
     (Range also in the West Indies)
  465. Anastrus tolimus  ______  EC
     Anastrus tolimus tolimus  ______  EC      subspecies from eastern Mexico to Ecuador
    BLURRY ANASTRUS
  466. Anastrus virens  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)

    Genus CAMPTOPLEURA:  BENT-SKIPPERS

  467. Camptopleura auxo  ______  EC
     AUXO BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
  468. Camptopleura termon  ______  EC

  469. Camptopleura theramenes  ______  EC  (EBE:151)
     MABILLE'S BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil)  
  470. Camptopleura impressus  ______  
     IMPRESSIVE BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Minas Gerais in Brazil) 


    Genus CYCLOGLYPHA:  BENT-SKIPPERS

  471. Cycloglypha caeruleonigra  ______  EC

  472. Cycloglypha thrasibulus  ______  BR  EC  (EBE:152)
     Cycloglypha thrasibulus thrasibulus  ______  BRmg  EC      subspecies from Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil
    WIDESPREAD BENT-SKIPPER
  473. Cycloglypha tisias  ______  EC
     TISIAS BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
  474. Cycloglypha enega  ______  BRmg
     ENEGA BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 

    Genus GORGYTHION
     
  475. Gorgythion begga  ______  EC
    Gorgythion begga pyralina  ______  EC      subspecies from Texas to the Guianas and Bolivia
    Gorgythion begga begga  ______  ARne  (K:275) (MM:74) (PE:text)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    VARIEGATED SKIPPER  (or Begga Skipper)
     AR common name: Bega  (referring to the scientific name)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, strays to far-southern Texas)

  476. Gorgythion beggina  ______
    Gorgythion beggina escalophoides  ______  ARne  (MM:75)      subspecies from Costa Rica to Argentina
    BEGGINA SKIPPER
     AR common name: Beggina      (referring to the scientific name)


    Genus SOSTRATA

  477. Sostrata bifasciata  ______  EC
    Sostrata bifasciata leucorrhoa  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia 
    Sostrata bifasciata bifasciata  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:81)      subspecies in northeast Argentina 
    METAL-STUDDED SKIPPER      (was Blue-studded Skipper)
    AR common name: Saltarin Lavanda  ("Lavander Skipper")
    (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)

  478. Sostrata grippa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
    GRIPPA SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
  479. Sostrata pusilla  ______  EC 
     Sostrata pusilla pusilla  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to the upper Amazon 
    PUSILLA SKIPPER

    Genus MYLON

  480. Mylon lassia  ______  EC  (EBE:153)
    BOLD MYLON
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, and Trinidad)

  481. Mylon salvia  ______  (species described in 1953)
    EVANS' MYLON
         (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
  482. Mylon ander  ______  EC  (species described in 1953)
    Mylon ander ander  ______      subspecies from southeast Mexico to southern Brazil
    NARROW-WINGED MYLON
  483. Mylon illineatus  ______  EC

  484. Mylon mestor  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1953)
    MESTOR MYLON
    (Range: in Ecuador)

  485. Mylon salvia  ______  EC  (species described in 1953)
    EVANS' MYLON
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador) 

  486. Mylon maimon (or menippus)  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:82)  
    COMMON MYLON
     AR common name: Menipo      (derived from the scientific name, Menipo was a Greek philosopher in the 5th Century B.C.) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 

  487. Mylon pelopidas  (ph)  ______  BRse  EC
    PALE MYLON
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)



    Pale Mylon
    (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)

  488. Mylon jason  ______  
    JASON'S MYLON
     (Range: Guatemala to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  489. Mylon cajus  (ph)  ______  EC 
    Mylon cajus cajus  ______      subspecies from Colombia to Brazil



    Mylon cajus
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  490. Mylon cristata  ______  (species described in 2000)
    AUSTIN'S MYLON
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)    

  491. Mylon zephus  ______  EC 
  492. Mylon simplex  ______  BRmg
    UNADORNED MYLON

    Genus POTAMANAXAS

  493. Potamanaxas effusa  ______
    Potamanaxas effusa confusa  ______      subspecies in Panama, Colombia
     EFFUSA SKIPPER 
  494. Potamanaxas andraemon  ______  EC

  495. Potamanaxas bana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1956)
  496. Potamanaxas flavofasciata  ______  EC

  497. Potamanaxas hirta  ______  EC
     Potamanaxas hirta paphos  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador, subspecies described in 1953
    HIRTA SKIPPER
  498. Potamanaxas laoma  ______  EC

  499. Potamanaxas latrea  ______  EC

  500. Potamanaxas melicertes  ______  EC
     MELICERTES SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)  
  501. Potamanaxas thestia  ______  EC

  502. Potamanaxas thoria  ______  EC
     THORIA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Peru) 
  503. Potamanaxas tunga  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1956)
  504. Potamanaxas unifasciata  ______  EC
    FELDER'S SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru)

    Genus GRAIS

  505. Grais stigmaticus  ______  EC  
    Grais stigmaticus stigmaticus  ______  ARne  EC  (K:277) (MM:90) (PE:32)      subspecies from Mexico to Argentina
    HERMIT SKIPPER
    AR common name: Ermitano  ("Hermit") 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, periodic stray into North America, also Jamaica)  


    Genus TIMOCHARES

  506. Timochares trifasciata  ______  EC  (EBE:152)
    Timochares trifasciata trifasciata  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:91)      subspecies from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil
    FIVE-BANDED SKIPPER
    AR common name: Tres Franjas  ("Three Bands")  


    Genus TOSTA

  507. Tosta niger  ______  (species described in 1940)
     COLOMBIAN SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 

    Genus EBRIETAS:  BENT-SKIPPERS

  508. Ebrietas anacreon  ______  AR  BR  EC  (EBE:152)
    Ebrietas anacreon anacreon  ______  ARne  BRmg  EC  (MM:92)      subspecies from Mexico to Argentina
    COMMON BENT-SKIPPER  (or Common Bentwing)
         AR common name: Anacreonte  (referring to the scientific name, Anacreon was a Greek lyric poet. born in Teos)

  509. Ebrietas badia  ______  EC
     BADIA BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
  510. Ebrietas elaudia  ______  EC
     Ebrietas elaudia elaudia  ______      subspecies in Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
    Ebrietas elaudia livius  ______  EC      subspecies from southeast Mexico to Bolivia 
    PLAIN BENT-SKIPPER      (or ELAUDIA BENT-SKIPPER)
  511. Ebrietas evanidus  ______  EC
     BLURRED BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru and the upper Amazon)
  512. Ebrietas infanda  ______  EC

  513. Ebrietas osyris  ______  EC
     YELLOW-PATCHED BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)

    Genus HELIAS:  BENT-SKIPPERS

  514. Helias cama  ______  (species described in 1953)
         SQUARED BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
  515. Helias godmani  ______  EC
     GODMAN'S BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
  516. Helias phalaenoides  ______  AR  BR  EC 
    Helias phalaenoides phalaenoides  ______  BRmg,se  EC      subspecies from Panama to Bolivia and Brazil
    Helias phalaenoides palpalis  ______  ARne  (MM:93)          subspecies in northeast Argentina
    FABRICUS' BENT-SKIPPER
     AR common name: Falsa Polilla  ("False Moth",     referring to the scientific name "phalaenoides" meaning "like a moth")


    Genus THEAGENES:  BENT-SKIPPERS

  517. Theagenes aegides  ______  EC
     WHITE-CENTERED BENT-SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  518. Theagenes albiplaga  ______  EC  (EBE:153)

  519. Theagenes dichrous  ______  ARba  (BB:79)
    AR common name: Saltarin Ventosa  ("Suction Cup Skipper") 


    Genus CHIOMARA
  520. Chiomara asychis  (ph)  ______  EC  (species described in 1953)
    Chiomara asychis simon  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela, and Trinidad 
    Chiomara asychis autander  ______  ARba  (BB:81)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    WHITE-PATTERNED SKIPPER      (or Asychis Skipper)
    AR common name: Parche Blanco  ("White Patch")
         (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina, also the Lesser Antilles)



    White-patterned Skipper
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen) 
  521. Chiomara basigutta  ______  EC

  522. Chiomara mithrax  ______  BRmg  EC  (EBE:153)
    MITHRAX DUSKYWING

    Genus GESTA:   genus created in 1953
  523. Gesta gesta  (was Erynnis gesta)  ______  BRse  EC 
    IMPOSTOR DUSKY WING 
    (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina, also Greater Antilles)

  524. Gesta heteropterus  ______  EC 

     
    Genus ERYNNIS: TRUE DUSKYWINGS

  525. Erynnis tristis  ______
    Erynnis tristis tristis  ______      subspecies from the southwest US to Colombia
    MOURNFUL DUSKYWING 

  526. Erynnis funeralis  (ph)  ______  ARba,ne  CH  EC  (BB:83) (K:281) (MM:94) (PE:32)
    FUNEREAL DUSKYWING
     AR common name: Saltarin Funebre
    CH common name: Hesperia Negra
    (Range: southwest US to Argentina, strays widely. In northern Chile, from Atacama to Araucania)



    A Funereal Dusky Wing photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Rosemary Lloyd)


    Subfamily HETEROPTERINAE

         The butterflies in HETEROPTERINAE are known as the "Skipperlings".

    Even though HETEROPTERINAE is a small subfamily, in one of its genera, Dalla, there are 38 species in Ecuador, and about 40 per cent of them are endemic or nearly so to that country.
    There is also, in the subfamily, a genus that is endemic to Ecuador, Freemaniana, created in 2001. In that genus, there is only one species.

    "Skipperlings" are small, with an elongated abdomen, usually curved downwards when sitting.
    They are often seen by streams and on wet soil ingesting mineral salts. 
    Species in this group occur in a variety of habitats.

    Host plants are usually grasses. For example, in Poaceae.           


    Genus DALLA

  527. Dalla agathocles  ______  EC

  528. Dalla calcus  (ph)  ______  EC
    Dalla calcus inca  ______ 



    Dalla calcus inca      (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  529. Dalla calaon  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  530. Dalla celsus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2002)
  531. Dalla coupavia  (ph)  ______  
     (Range: in Peru)


    Dalla coupavia      (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  532. Dalla crithote  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
  533. Dalla cypselus  (ph)  ______  EC



    Dalla cypselus      (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  534. Dalla decca  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
  535. Dalla dimidiatus  ______  EC

  536. Dalla disconnexa  ______  EC  (either endemic of nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2002)
  537. Dalla dognini  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  538. Dalla dora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  539. Dalla eburones  ______  EC

  540. Dalla epiphaneus  ______  EC

  541. Dalla eryonas  ______  EC
    CENTRAL AMERICAN SKIPPERLING
         (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
  542. Dalla frontinia  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)

  543. Dalla gelus  _____  EC

  544. Dalla genes  ______  EC

  545. Dalla geon  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  546. Dalla granites  ______  EC

  547. Dalla grovius  ______  EC

  548. Dalla hesperioides  ______  EC

  549. Dalla ibhara  ______  EC

  550. Dalla lenda  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)  

  551. Dalla lorda  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  552. Dalla mesoxanthu  ______  EC

  553. Dalla mora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  554. Dalla parma  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  555. Dalla pincha  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1991)

  556. Dalla polycrates  ______  EC

  557. Dalla pota  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1959)

  558. Dalla puracensis  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)

  559. Dalla quadristriga  ______  EC

  560. Dalla quasca  ______  EC  (species described in 1947)

  561. Dalla riza  ______  EC

  562. Dalla superior  ______  EC

  563. Dalla taza  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  564. Dalla thalia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  565. Dalla vista  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2002)


    Genus FREEMANIANA      genus created in 2001

  566. Freemaniana rawlinsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2001)    


     Subfamily HESPERIINAE: GRASS SKIPPERS
    This group is comprised of more than 2,000 species worldwide. 


    Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe THYMELICINI


    Genus ANCYLOXYPHA
  567. Ancyclxypha aurea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly to Ecuador)

  568. Ancyclxypha ramba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so Ecuador, species described in 1995)


    Genus OARISMA

  569. Oarisma boeta  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe CALPODINI


    Genus ALDES 

  570. Aldes aegita  ______  BRmg  EC  
    AEGITA SILVERPATCH
    (Range: Panama to Bolivia and Brazil)
  571. Aldes duma  (or epitus)  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1970)
    Aldes duma argyrina  ______
    DUMA SILVERPATCH
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
  572. Aldes dysoni  ______
    DYSON'S SILVERPATCH
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  573. Aldes brino  ______
    BRINO SILVERPATCH
    (Range: Colombia to the Guianas and northern Brazil)

  574. Aldes ocrinus  ______
    OCRINUS SILVERPATCH
    (Range: Panama, Colombia, the Guianas)


    Genus ARGON

  575. Argon lota  (or argua)   ______  ARne  EC  (MM:120)
    ARGON SKIPPER
     AR common name: Argos
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

    Genus AROMA

  576. Aroma aroma  ______  EC
    AROMA SKIPPER
    (Range: Nicaragua to northern Brazil and Peru)
  577. Aroma henricus  ______  EC
    Aroma henricus henricus  ______
    HENRICUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

    Genus CALPODES

  578. Calpodes ethlius  ______  BRmg  EC  (K:357) (PE:48) (S:44)
    BRAZILIAN SKIPPER  (also called the Canna Skipper, as it is common in gardens where Cannas are grown, on which the larva feeds)
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)  

    Genus CARYSTINA      genus created in 1955

  579. Carystina lysteles  (or aurifer)  ______  EC
    GOLDEN-SPOTTED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 

    Genus CARYSTOIDES

  580. Carystoides basoches  ______  BRse  EC
    BASOCHES RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  581. Carystoides lebbaeus  ______  EC
     Carystoides lebbaeus lebbaeus  ______  EC
    LEBBAEUS RUBY-EYE
     (Range: Costa Rica to northwest Ecuador)
  582. Carystoides balza  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  583. Carystoides cathaea  ______  EC  

  584. Carystoides sicania  ______  EC
     Carystoides sicania orbius  ______  EC
    YELLOW-SPOTTED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: southern Mexico to the Guianas and Ecuador)
  585. Carystoides lila  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
         LILA RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
  586. Carystoides maroma  ______  
    MAROMA RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Panama to the Amazon basin)

  587. Carystoides noseda  ______  BRse

    Genus CARYSTUS

  588. Carystus periphas  ______  EC
  589. Carystus phorcus  ______  EC
     Carystus phorcus claudianus  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    WHITE-PATCHED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Brazil)
  590. Carystus ploetzi  ______  
    PLOETZ'S RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to central Brazil and Peru) 


    Genus COBALUS

  591. Cobalus calvina  ______  EC
    WHITE-RAYED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Brazil)
  592. Cobalus virbius  ______  EC
     Cobalus virbius virbius  ______  EC
     Cobalus virbius hersilia  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    WHITE-EDGED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 

    Genus DAMAS

  593. Damas clavus  ______  EC
    VIOLET-WASHED SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil)  

    Genus DUBIELLA
  594. Dubiella fiscella  ______
    Dubiella fiscella belpa  ______
    YELLOW-STRIPED RUBY-EYE
    (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador, and Venezuela and the Guianas) 

    Genus EBUSUS      (genus created in 1955)

  595. Ebusus ebusus  ______  EC 
    EBUSUS SKIPPER

    Genus LYCHNUCHOIDES

  596. Lychnuchoides ozias  ______  EC


    Genus LYCHNUCHUS

  597. Lychnuchus pelta  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)


    Genus NEOXENIADES

  598. Neoxeniades braesia  ______  EC 

  599. Neoxeniades irena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  600. Neoxeniades molion  ______  EC

  601. Neoxeniades scipio  ______  EC

  602. Neoxeniades seron  ______  EC
    Neoxeniades seron seron  ______
    SERON SKIPPER
    (Range: Colombia)
  603. Neoxeniades luda  ______
    LUDA SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

    Genus ORPHE

  604. Orphe gerasa  ______    EC
    GERASA SKIPPER
    (Range: Nicaragua to the Amazon basin and the Guianas) 
  605. Ophhe vatinius  ______  EC
    VATINIUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas, Brazil, Peru) 

    Genus PANOQUINA

  606. Panoquina evadnes  ______  EC
    EVADNES SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
  607. Panoquina fusina  ______  EC  (K:357) (PE:48)
     Panoquina fusina sonta  ______     in Panama and Colombia, subspecies described in 1955
    Panoquina fusina viola  ______      in Bolivia, Paraguay, southeast Brazil, subspecies described in 1955 
    EVANS' SKIPPER
    (Range: central Mexico to Paraguay; also Jamaica, periodic stray to far-southern Texas)
  608. Panoquina hecehola  ______  EC  (EBE:155) (K:355) (PE:48)
    HECEBOLUS SKIPPER
    (Range: north Mexico to Paraguay; regular stray to far-southern Texas) 
  609. Panoquina lucas  (or sylvicola, or woodruffi)  _______  EC
    PURPLE-WASHED SKIPPER
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina) 
  610. Panoquina luctuosa  ______  EC

  611. Panoquina ocola  ______  EC  (K:355) (PE:48)
    OCOLA SKIPPER
    (Range: southern US to Paraguay; also West Indies) 
  612. Panoquina panoquinoides  ______  EC  (K:355) (PE:48)
    OBSCURE SKIPPER
    (Range: southern US to Peru; also West Indies)
  613. Panoquina pauper  ______  EC 
    Panoquina pauper pauper  ______
    PAUPER SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

    Genus SACRATOR      (genus created in 1955)
  614. Sacrator sacrator  (ph)  ______



    Sacrator sacrator
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  615. Sacrator polites  ______  EC


    Genus SALIANA      (genus created in 1955)

  616. Saliana chiomara  ______  EC
    CHIOMARA SALIANA
    (Range: Panama to Peru and Brazil)  
  617. Saliana esperi  ______  BRse  EC 
    Saliana esperi esperi  ______  BRse  EC  subspecies in southeast Brazil and Ecuador, described in 1955
    PERCHING SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil)

  618. Saliana fusta  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
    SUFFUSED SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil) 

  619. Saliana saladin  ______  EC   
    Saliana saladin saladin  ______      (subspecies described in 1955)
    VIOLET-TIPPED SALIANA 
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)
  620. Saliana salius  ______  BRse  EC
    SULLIED SALIANA
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil and Uruguay)  
  621. Saliana triangularis  ______  BRse
    TRIANGULAR SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
  622. Saliana placens  ______
    OCHREOUS SALIANA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
  623. Saliana hewitsoni  ______
    GREEN SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
  624. Saliana antoninus  ______
    PERSISTANT SALIANA
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
  625. Saliana longirostris  ______  BRse
    SHY SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  626. Saliana morsa  ______  (species described in 1955)
         MORSA SALIANA
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas and the Amazon basin) 
  627. Saliana severus  ______
    DARK SALIANA
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)    

  628. Saliana mamurra  ______  BRse
  629. Saliana salona  ______  BRse  (species described in 1955)


    Genus SYNALE
  630. Synale elana  ______  EC


    Genus TALIDES

  631. Talides alternata  (ph)  ______  EC
    ALTERNATE RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Alternate Ruby-eye
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  632. Talides sergestus  ______  EC
    SERGESTUS RUBY-EYE
         (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
  633. Talides cantra  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
         CANTRA RUBY-EYE
     (Range: southern Mexico to Venezuela and western Ecuador)
  634. Talides hispa  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
         HISPA SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador, western Brazil) 
  635. Talides sinois  ______  BRmg,se
    SINOIS RUBY-EYE     


    Genus TELLES
  636. Telles arcalaus  ______  EC


    Genus TELLONA

  637. Tellona variegata  ______  EC


    Genus THRACIDES

  638. Thracides cleanthes  ______  EC

  639. Thracides joannisii  ______  EC
    JOANNIS' SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador) 
  640. Thracides nanea  ______  EC
    Thracides nanea nida  ______      (subspecies described in 1955)
    NANEA SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 
  641. Thracides phidon  ______  EC
    JEWEL-STUDDED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  642. Thracides thrasea  ______  EC
    THRASEA SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to the Amazon basin and Bolivia)
  643. Thracides arcalaus  ______  
    YELLOW-SPOTTED RUBY_EYE
    (Range: southern Mexico to the Guianas and the Amazon basin) 

    Genus TISIAS
  644. Tisias carystoides  ______  EC

  645. Tisias lesueur  ______  BRse  EC
     Tisias lesueur lesueur  ______  BRse

  646. Tisias quadrata  ______  EC
     Tisias quadrata hermoda  ______  EC 
    QUADRATE RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)

    Genus TROMBA      genus created in 1955

  647. Tromba xanthura  ______  EC
    YELLOW-WASHED RUBY-EYE
         (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

    Genus TURESIS
  648. Turesis complanula  ______  EC


    Genus TURMADA      (genus created in 1955)

  649. Turmada turmada  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus ZENIS

  650. Zenis jebus  (or janka)  ______  ARne  BRse  EC
     Zenis jebus jebus  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:131)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina   
    PURPLE-STAINED SKIPPER
     AR; common name: Jebuseo
    (Range: Mexico to Peru, and the Guianas and Trinidad)
  651. Zenis minos  ______  EC
    MINOS SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Brazil) 
          

    Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe ANTHOPTINI


         Genus ANTHOPTUS
  652. Anthoptus epictetus  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:105)
    TRAILSIDE SKIPPER
    AR common name: Epicteto      (referring to the scientific name, Epicteto was a Greek philosopher)
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina) 
  653. Anthoptus insignis  ______
    IMMACULATE SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  654. Anthoptus maracanae  ______
    TRINIDADIAN SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago) 

    Genus SYNAPTE

  655. Synapte malitiosa  ______  EC  (K:309) (PE:42)
    MALICIOUS FACETED-SKIPPER  (or Malicious, or Shady Skipper) 
    (Range: far-southern Texas to southern Brazil & Paraguay, also Cuba) 

  656. Synapte salenus  ______  EC  (PE:text)
    Synapte salenus salenus  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    SALENUS FACETED-SKIPPER  (or Salenus Skipper) 
    (Range: north Mexico to Bolivia, rare stray to Texas) 

  657. Synapte silius  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:102)
    RAIN-FOREST FACETED-SKIPPER  (or Orange-edged Skipper)
    AR common name: Silius      (referring to the scientific name)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
  658. Synapte lutulenta  ______  
    WHITENED FACETED-SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

    Genus CORTICEA
  659. Corticea lysias  ______  EC

  660. Corticea mendica  ______  EC

  661. Corticea rivula  ______  EC
  662. Corticea corticea  ______  (K:311) (PE:42)
    Corticea corticea noctia  ______  (MM:106)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    REDUNDANT SKIPPER
    AR common name: Manchas Amarillas  ("Yellow Spots") 
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil, rare stray to south Texas) 

  663. Corticea immocerina  ______  ARba  (BB:93)
    AR common name: Saltarin de Cera  ("Wax Skipper")


    Genus FALGA
  664. Falga jeconia  ______  EC

  665. Falga theoclea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

    Genus MNASEAS
  666. Mnaseas bicolor  (or macia)  ______  EC  (if macia, species described in 1955)
    DULL SKIPPER  (or Macia Skipper)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador) 

    Genus WAHYDRA      (genus created in 1991)
  667. Wahydra thisbe  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  668. Wahydra dorres  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1959)
  669. Wahydra nieblensis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly to to Ecuador, species described in 1991)
  670. Wahydra obscura  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly to Ecuador, species described in 1991)  

    Genus ZALOMES
  671. Zalomes biforis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  672. Zalomes conspicua  ______  EC

  673. Zalomes banco  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1991)
  674. Zalomes coto  ______   EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1991)
  675. Zalomes cordillera  ______  EC  (species described in 1972)
  676. Zalomes allynorum  ______  EC  (species described in 1972)
  677. Zalomes naco  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1991)   


    Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe MONCINI 


    Genus LERODEA
  678. Lerodea eufala  (ph)  ______  BRse  CH  EC  (EBE:156) (K:353) (PE:39)
    Lerodea eufala eufala  ______  BRse  EC      subspecies from the southern US to Argentina
    EUFALA SKIPPER
    CH common name: Hesperia Eufala
    (Range: southern US to southern Argentina, also Cuba. In Chile, from Atacama to Valdivia)

    Eufala Skippers feed on nectar from flowering alfalfa and daisies. They occur in open, sunny areas in vacant lots, agricultural fields, road edges, and lawns. 



    Above & below: the Eufala Skipper
    Above, the butterfly; below, the caterpillar
         (these three photos courtesy of Michiel Koomen) 



    Below, again the butterfly of the Eufala Skipper 

  679. Lerodea casta  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
  680. Lerodea williamsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus LUDENS

  681. Ludens ludens  ______   ARne  (MM:109)
    LUDENS SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)


    Genus LUCIDA

  682. Lucida lucia  ______  EC
    Lucida lucia oebasus  ______  EC      subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador
    MOTTLED SKIPPER 

    Genus EUTYCHIDE

  683. Eutychide subcordata  ______  EC
  684. Eutychide complana  ______
     COMPLIANT SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to the upper Amazon and Bolivia)
  685. Eutychide para  ______
     GOLD-DOT SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia and the upper Amazon) 

    Genus LENTO      (genus created in 1955)
  686. Lento hermione  ______  EC

  687. Lento lento  ______  EC

  688. Lento ludo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)  

  689. Lento krexoides  ______
    Lento krexoides krexoides  ______  ARne  (MM:103)      (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Saltarin Anaranjado  ("Orange Skipper")

  690. Lento xanthina  ______  
    XANTHINA SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)  


    Genus CALLIMORMUS

  691. Callimormus corades  ______  BRse  EC

  692. Callimormus juventus  ______  EC  
    JUVENTUS SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina) 
  693. Callimormus radiola  ______  EC
    Callimormus radiola radiola  ______      subspecies from southern Mexico to southern Brazil
    RADIANT SKIPPER
  694. Callimormus alsimo  ______
    ALSIMO SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil) 

  695. Callimormus saturnus  ______
    SATURNUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

    Genus MNASICLES

  696. Mnasicles hicetaon  ______  EC
    GRAY SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay, including Trinidad) 
  697. Mnasicles thymaetes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

    Genus REMELLA

  698. Remella remus  ______  EC
    BLACK-SPOT REMELLA
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
  699. Remella vopiscus  ______
    CRYTIC REMELLA
    (Range: southeast Mexico to northern Brazil) 

  700. Remella remus  ______  BRse

    Genus SATURNUS

  701. Saturnus reticulata  ______  EC
     Saturnus reticulata conspicuus  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    BELL'S SKIPPER  

    Genus SUCOVA

  702. Sucova sucova  ______
    SUSCOVA SKIPPER 
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil) 


    Genus ZARIASPES

  703. Zariaspes mys  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:104)  
    MYS SKIPPER      (or Spade-marked Under-Skipper)  
         AR common name: Amarillita  ("Small Yellow")
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

    Genus CYMAENES

     
  704. Cymaenes tripunctus  ______  BRse  EC  (K:309) (PE:34)
    Cymaenes tripunctus tripunctus  ______  EC      subspecies from southern Mexico to Paraguay and Brazil
    Cymaenes tripunctus theogenus  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    THREE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
    (Range: central Mexico to Paraguay and Brazil, also south Florida & West Indies) 

  705. Cymaenes tripunctata  ______  EC

  706. Cymaenes odilia  ______  EC  (K:309) (PE:34)
    FAWN-SPOTTED SKIPPER 
    (Range: north Mexico to Argentina, rarely strays to south Texas)

  707. Cymaenes alumna  ______  EC
    ALUMNA SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 
  708. Cymaenes laureolus  ______  EC
    LAUREOLUS SKIPPER
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Ecuador)
  709. Cymaenes trebius  ______
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  710. Cymaenes uruba  ______  BRse
    Cymaenes uruba uruba  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil

  711. There is another yet unidentified species of Cymaenes in southeast Brazil.


    Genus LEREMA

  712. Lerema accius  ______  EC
    CLOUDED SKIPPER
         (Range: southern US to northern South America)
  713. Lerema ancillaris  ______  EC
    PLAIN SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica and Trinidad to the upper Amazon) 
  714. Lerema viridis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1942)  

  715. Lerema lumina  ______
    OVERCAST SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)


    Genus VETTIUS 
  716. Vettius fantasos  ______  EC  (PE:text)
    FANTASTIC SKIPPER
    (Range: northern Mexico to Paraguay, strays to far-southern Texas)

  717. Vettius artona  ______  ARne  EC
    WHITE-VEINED SKIPPER
     AR common name: Grisacea      (translates to "grayish") 
         (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil)
  718. Vettius coryna  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:156)
    SILVER-PLATED SKIPPER


    Silver-plated Skipper
         (photo by Sherry Nelson)
  719. Vettius diversa  ______  BRse  EC
    Vettius diversa maeon  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
    Vettius diversa lyrcea  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil 
    DIVERSA SKIPPER
  720. Vettius drova  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  721. Vettius fuldai  ______  EC

  722. Vettius lefrenaye  ______  EC
    Vettius lefrenaye pica  ______
    TWO-TONED SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to the upper Amazon) 
  723. Vettius marcus  ______  ARse  BRse  EC
     Vettius marcus marcus  ______  ARse  BRse
    MARCUS SKIPPER
    AR common name: Marcos
         (Range: southern Mexico to Argentina)
  724. Vettius phyllus  ______  BRse  EC
    Vettius phyllus phyllus  ______
    Vettius phyllus prona  ______  BRse      in southeast Brazil, subspecies described in 1955 
    PHYLLUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama and Trinidad to central Brazil)

  725. Vettius richardi  ______
    RICHARD'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas, Ecuador, Brazil)

  726. Vettius triangularis  ______  BRse
    TRIANGULAR SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Brazil) 

  727. Vettius chagres  ______
    CHAGRES SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama and Colombia)

  728. Vettius aurelius  ______
    AURELIUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Guatemala to central Brazil)   

  729. Vettius tertianus  ______
    BLURRY SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas and Trinidad) 

  730. Vettius umbrata  ______  BRse


     Genus VIRGA

  731. Virga virginius  ______
    VIRGINIUS SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to the upper Amazon)

  732. Virga xantho  ______  EC
    XANTHO SKIPPER
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  733. Virga austrinus  ______  AR:ne  (MM:108)
    AR common name: Saltarin Bello      (translates to "Beautiful Skipper")

    Genus PAPIAS
  734. Papias phaeomelas  ______  EC
    HUBNER'S SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador and the upper Amazon)  
  735. Papias phainis  ______  BRse  EC
    SOMBER SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru and Uruguay) 
  736. Papias projectus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  737. Papias subcostulata  (or infuscata)  ______  EC 
    JUNGLE SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  738. Papias dictys  ______
    BOTTOM-SPOTTED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

    Genus VEHILIUS
  739. Vehilius inca  ______  BRse  EC
    INCA SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Brazil)
  740. Vehilius stictomenes  ______  ARne  BRse  EC
     Vehilius stictomenes stictomenes  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:112)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    PASTURE SKIPPER
     AR common name: Nervaduras Amarillas      (translates to "Yellow Veins")
  741. Vehilius vetula  ______  BRse
    VETULA SKIPPER
    (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia and southern Brazil)

  742. Vehilius clavicula  ______  BRse

  743. There is another yet unidentified species of Vehilius in southeast Brazil. 


    Genus VIDIUS
  744. Vidius perigenes  ______
    PALE-RAYED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

    Genus MNASILUS
  745. Mnasilus allubita  ______  EC
    BUTLER'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

    Genus MONCA      (genus created in 1955) 
  746. Monca telata  ______  EC 
    TELATA SKIPPER
    (Range: Belize and Guatemala to Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago)
  747. Monca crispinus  (or tyttaeus)  ______
    VIOLET-PATCHED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

    Genus COPAEODES
  748. Copaeodes jean  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)


    Genus MORYS
  749. Morys compta  (or micythus)  ______  EC
    MICYTHUS SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador) 
  750. Morys subgrisea  ______  EC

  751. Morys subviridis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
  752. Morys geisa  ______
    GEISA SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica and Trinidad to Argentina)


    Genus ADLERODEA

  753. Adlerodea petrovna  ______
    PETROVNA SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)

    Genus ARITA      (genus created in 1955)

  754. Arita arita  ______
    ARITA SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)
  755. Arita epictetus  ______  BRse


    Genus ARTINES
  756. Artines aepitus  ______  EC
    WIDESPREAD PEACOCK-SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
  757. Artines trogon  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)


    Genus APAUSTUS
  758. Apaustus gracilis  ______  EC
    Apaustus gracilis gracilis  ______  EC      subspecies from Nicaragua to Ecuador
    DELICATE SKIPPER 
  759. Apaustus menes  ______  EC
    MENES SKIPPER
    (Range: Nicaragua to the upper Amazon)
  760. Apaustus radiatus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus COBALOPSIS
  761. Cobalopsis autumna  ______
    AUTUMNA SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
  762. Cobalopsis miaba  ______  BRse  EC
    MIABA SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
  763. Cobalopsis nero  (or zetus)  ______  EC
    NERO SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

    Genus EUTOCUS
  764. Eutocus gulchua  (or facilis)  ______  EC
    FACILIS SKIPPER
    (Range: southern Mexico to Boliva)
  765. Eutocus matildae  ______
    Eutocus matildae vinda  ______      subspecies described in 1955
    PURPLE-SHADED SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 

    Genus EPRIUS
  766. Eprius veleda  ______  EC
    Eprius veleda veleda  ______  EC      subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
    VELEDA SKIPPER

    Genus FLACCILLA
  767. Flaccilla aecas  ______  EC
    AECAS RUBY-EYE
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

    Genus JUSTINIA
  768. Justinia justinianus  ______  EC

  769. Justinia phaetusa  (or norda)  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
     FALSE SALIANA
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia) 
  770. Justinia kora  ______  ARne  (MM:116)
    AR common name: Kora

    Genus METHIONOPSIS
  771. Methionopsis ina  ______  BRse  EC
    INA SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  772. Methionopsis dolor  ______  (species described in 1955)
    DOLOR SKIPPER
    (Range: Belize and Guatemala to Guyana and Peru) 

    Genus MNASITHEUS
  773. Mnasitheus chrysophrys  ______  
    CHRYSOPHRYS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
  774. Mnasitheus continua  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
  775. Mnasitheus nitra  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)
    NITRA SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
  776. Mnasitheus simplicissima  ______  EC

  777. Mnasitheus spangla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  778. Mnasitheus cephoides  ______
    CEPHOIDES SKIPPER
    (Range: Belize to southern Brazil) 

  779. Mnasitheus ritans  ______  BRse 


    Genus MNESTHEUS
  780. Mnestheus damma  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  781. Mnestheus ittona  ______  EC
    ITTONA SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)

    Genus MOERIS
  782. Moeris ekka  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  783. Moeris hyagnis  ______  EC
    HYAGNIS SKIPPER
  784. Moeris striga  ______  BRse  EC
    Moeris striga stroma  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Colombia, subspecies described in 1955
    Moeris striga striga  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    FLAG SKIPPER

    Genus MUCIA
  785. Mucia zygia  ______  
     BLACK-DOTTED SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  786. Mucia gulala  ______
     GULALA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia and southern Brazil)

    Genus NAEVOLUS

  787. Naevolus orius  ______  BRse  EC
     Naevolus orius orius  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil 
    ORIUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

    Genus NASTRA      (genus created in 1955)

  788. Nastra leucone  ______  EC


    Genus ONOPHAS

  789. Onophas columbaria  ______  BRse  EC
     Onophas columbaria columbaria  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    BLUE-GLOSSED SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 

    Genus PAMBA      (genus created in 1955)

  790. Pamba pamba  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)


    Genus PARACARYSTYS

  791. Paracarystys hypargyra  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:115)
     HYPARGYRA SKIPPER
     AR common name: Hombro Naranja      (translates to "Orange Shoulder")
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil)
  792. Paracarystys menestries  ______  EC


    Genus PHANES

  793. Phanes abaris  ______  EC
  794. Phanes aletes  ______  BRse
    JEWELED SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  795. Phanes almoda  ______
    ALMODA SKIPPER
    (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)  

    Genus PSORALIS

  796. Psoralis brunnescens  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  797. Psoralis concolor  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1980)

  798. Psoralis degener  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  799. Psoralis exclamationis  ______  EC
  800. Psoralis stacara  ______  BRse


    Genus THARGELLA

  801. Thargella caura  ______  EC
    Thargella caura caura  ______
    ROUND-WINGED SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and central Brazil) 

    Genus THOON

  802. Thoon maritza  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1980)

  803. Thoon modius  ______
    MOODY SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to the upper Amazon and Bolivia)
  804. Thoon aethus  ______
    DISJUNCT SKIPPER
         (Range: Nicaragua and Bolivia)
  805. Thoon opus  ______
    OPUS SKIPPER
         (Range: Nicaragua, Guyana)

    Genus TIGASIS

  806. Tigasis coda  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  807. Tigasis simplex  ______  EC
    SIMPLEX SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  808. Tigasis zalates  ______
    ZALATES SKIPPER
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

    Genus NICONIADES

  809. Niconiades caesa  ______  EC

  810. Niconiades merenda  ______  EC

  811. Niconiades tino  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly to Ecuador, species described in 1980)

  812. Niconiades viridis  ______  EC
    Niconiades viridia vista  ______  EC
    VISTA SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador) 
  813. Niconiades xanthaphes  ______  EC
    STUB-TAILED SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Uruguay)

  814. Niconiades nikko  ______  (species described in 1948)
    NIKKO SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

    Genus PENICULA      (genus created in 1955)

  815. Penicula advena  ______  EC


     Genus SODALIA      (genus created in 1955) 

  816. Sodalia sodalis  ______  EC
    SODALIS SKIPPER
         (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil) 

  817. Sodalia dimassa  ______  BRse

  818. Sodalia coler  ______  ARne  (MM:110)
    AR common name: Saltarin Pardo      (translates to "Brown Skipper")


    Genus VINIUS

  819. Vinius sagitta  ______  EC
    SAGITTA SKIPPER
         (Range: Nicaragua to the upper Amazon)
  820. Vinius tryhana  ______  EC
    Vinius tryhana tryhana  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Costa Rica, and Guyana, Trinidad
    GOLD-WASHED SKIPPER 
  821. Vinius pulcherrimus  ______  ARne  (MM:107)
     AR common name: Saltarin Bello      (translates to "Beautiful Skipper")


    Genus DION

  822. Dion carmenta  ______  EC


    Genus ENOSIS

  823. Enosis achelous  ______  EC
     FERRUGINOUS SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador)
  824. Enosis aphilos  ______  EC  

  825. Enosis dognini  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  826. Enosis immaculata  ______  EC
     Enosis immaculata immaculata  ______  EC
    IMMACULATA SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to Peru)
  827. Enosis topo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1980)

  828. Enosis uza  ______
    Enosis uza pruinosa  ______
    BLUE-SPOTTED SKIPPER
         (Range: El Salvador to Colombia)  

  829. Enosis schausi  ______  BRse  (species described in 2000)


    Genus STYRIODES

  830. Styriodes dedecora  (or quaka)  ______  EC
     DEDECORA SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)
  831. Styriodes lyco  ______  
     LYCO SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

    Genus CANTHA      (genus created in 1955)

  832. Cantha calva  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)

  833. Cantha roraimae  ______
    RORAIMA SKIPPER
    (Range: Mexico and Belize to northern Brazil)

    Genus PARPHORUS

  834. Parphorus decora  ______  EC
    DECORA SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
  835. Parphorus hesia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  836. Parphorus storax  ______  EC
    Parphorus storax storax  ______  EC
    STORAX SKIPPER
         (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil) 
  837. Parphorus oca  ______  (species described in 1955)
    OCA SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Peru)

  838. Parphorus sapala  ______
    SAPALA SKIPPER
    (Range: Panama to Peru)

  839. Parphorus jaguar  ______  (species described in 2008)
    STEINHAUSER'S SKIPPER
    (Range: Guyana) 

    Genus PHERAEUS

  840. Pheraeus odilia  ______  EC
    Pheraeus odilla epidius  ______      subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
    SNAZZY SKIPPER
  841. Pheraeus rumba  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)


    Genus PHLEBODES

  842. Phlebodes campo  ______  EC  (species described in 1947)
    Phlebodes campo sifax  ______      subspecies described in 1955
    SIFAX SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico to the Amazon basin)
  843. Phlebodes eteocla  ______
    ETEOCLA SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina)  

    Genus PROPAPIAS

  844. Propapias sipariana  ______  EC


    Subfamily HESPERIINAE, Tribe HESPERIINI


    Genus HANSA      (genus created in 1955)
  845. Hansa cotunda  ______  EC   (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1980) 

  846. Hansa devergens  ______  EC

    Genus EUPHYES
  847. Euphyes peneia  ______  EC
     GUARDPOST SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
  848. Euphyes antra  ______  EC  (species described in 1955) 
    ANTRA SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Peru)  

    Genus RHINTHON

  849. Rhinthon osca  ______  (PE:text)
    OSCA SKIPPER
    (Range: northern Mexico to northern South America, also West Indies, periodically strays to far-southern Texas)

  850. Rhinthon molion  ______  EC
     BLUE-BASED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

    Genus CONGA      (genus created in 1955)

  851. Conga chydaea  ______  EC  (K:311) (PE:text)
    HIDDEN-RAY SKIPPER     (or Chydea) Skipper
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, rare stray to far-southern Texas)


    Genus HYLEPHILA: BRANDED SKIPPERS 

  852. Hylephila phyleus  (ph)  ______  EC  (EBE:156) (K:303) (PE:44)
     Hylephila phyleus phyleus  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:126)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    FIERY SKIPPER
     AR common name: Saltarin Leonado
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, wanders north in US)



    Fiery Skipper
    (photo by Rise Hill)

  853. Hylephila fasciolata  ______  CH
    CH common name: Hesperia del Pasto
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Magallanes)

  854. Hylephila signata  ______  CH
    CH common name: Hesperia Amarilla Comun
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Magallanes)

  855. Hylephila venusta  ______  CH
    CH common name: Hesperia Elegante
    (Range: in Chile, from Nuble to Aisen)


    Genus POMPEIUS
  856. Pompeius amblyspila  ______  BRse  EC
     AMBLYSPILA SKIPPER
     (Range: Colombia to Argentina) 
  857. Pompeius dares  ______  EC
     DARES SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  858. Pompeius pompeius  ______  BRse  EC
     POMPEIUS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)


    Genus POANES
  859. Poanes inimica  ______
     YELLOW-STAINED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)


    Genus POLITES

  860. Polites vibex  ______  EC  (EBE:156) (K:303) (PE:44)
     Polites vibex praecepa  ______  EC      subspecies from Texas and Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad 
    Polites vibex catilina  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:127)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina 
    WHIRLABOUT
     AR common name: Saltarin Dorado
    (Range: southeast US to Argentina, also West Indies)


    Genus ANATRYTONE

  861. Anatrytone barbara  ______  EC
  862. Anatrytone mella  ______  EC
     MELLA SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)
  863. Anatrytone sarah  ______  EC  (species described in 1994)

    Genus DECINEA      (genus created in 1955)

  864. Decinea dama  ______  BRse  EC
  865. Decinea decinea  ______  EC
     Decinea decinea derisor  ______      subspecies from Costa Rica to the Amazon basin
    HUASTECAN SKIPPER 
  866. Decinea neroides  ______  EC
  867. Decinea percosius  _____  
     DOUBLE-DOTTED SKIPPER
     (Range: Texas and Mexico to Guyana)
  868. Decinea lucifer  ______
     LUCIFER SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  869. Decinea mubevensis  ______  ARne  (MM:125)  
    AR common name: Perforada      (translates to "perforated", referring to the hyaline spots on the forewing)

    Genus AROTIS

  870. Arotis pandora  ______  EC

    Genus CYNEA
  871. Cynea anthracinus  ______  EC
     Cynea anthracinus holomelas  ______  EC      subspecies from Costa Rica to Peru and the Guianas
    ANTHRACINUS SKIPPER 
  872. Cynea cynea  ______  EC
     CYNEA SKIPPER
         (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil) 
  873. Cynea diluta  ______  BRse  EC
         DILUTED SKIPPER
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil) 
  874. Cynea hycsos  ______  EC
  875. Cynea irma  ______  EC
     FOGGED SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
  876. Cynea corisana  ______
     CORISANA SKIPPER
     (Range: Nicaragua to Venezuela)
  877. Cynea popla  ______  (species described in 1955)
         POPLA SKIPPER
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas, and Trinidad)
  878. Cynea megalops  ______  EC
     MEGALOPS SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  879. Cynea bistrigula  ______  BRse
  880. Cynea trimaculata  ______  BRse

    Genus LINDRA

  881. Lindra brasus  ______
    Lindra brasus brasus  ______      in Brazil, subspecies described in 1968
         BRASUS SKIPPER

    Genus LINKA      (genus created in 1955)

  882. Linka lina  ______  EC

    Genus METRON

  883. Metron chrysogastra  ______  EC
     Metron chrysogasta chrysogasta  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela, and Trinidad
    ORANGE-HEADED METRON  
  884. Metron leucogaster  ______  EC
     Metron leucogaster leucogaster  ______      subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    WHITENED METRON 
  885. Metron schrottkyi  ______  EC
  886. Metron zimra  (or fasciata)  ______  EC
    OLIVE METRON
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 


    Genus MOLO
  887. Molo calcarea  ______  EC
     Molo calcarea ponda  ______      from Costa Rica to Colombia, subspecies described in 1955
    PONDA SKIPPER
  888. Molo mango  ______  EC
     MANGO SKIPPER
         (Range: Costa Rica to central Brazil)
  889. Molo visendus  ______  EC
  890. Molo muzo  ______  (species described in 1955)
         MUZO SKIPPER
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

    Genus ORTHOS      (genus created in 1955)

  891. Orthos orthos  ______  EC
     Orthos orthos orthos  ______      subspecies in Ecuador, Peru, and Trinidad
    ORTHOS SKIPPER 

    Genus OXYNTHES
  892. Oxynthes corusca  ______  EC  (EBE:157)
     CORUSCA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil)

    Genus PARATRYTONE

  893. Paratrytone barroni  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

    Genus PHEMIADES
  894. Phemiades pohli  ______  EC

    Genus PROPERTIUS      (genus created in 1955)

  895. Propertius  propertius  ______  EC
  896. Propertius phineus  ______  EC


    Genus QUASIMELLANA      (genus created in 1994)

  897. Quasimellana eulogius  ______  EC
     COMMON MELLANA
     (Range: south Texas and Mexico to Brazil)   
  898. Quasimellana sethos  ______  EC
     SMALL MELLANA
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador) 
  899. Quasimellana servilius  (or verba)  ______  EC
     GREEN MELLANA
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
  900. Quasimellana inconspicua  ______  EC  (species described in 1950)

  901. Quasimellana angra  ______  EC  (species described in 1955)

  902. Quasimellana amicus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  903. Quadimellana imperfida  ______  EC  (species described in 1994)

  904. Quadimellana pandora  ______  EC  (species described in 1940)

  905. Quadimellana nayana  ______  (species described in 1941)
    NAYARIT MELLANA 

    Genus QUINTA      (genus created in 1955)

  906. Quinta cannae  ______  EC
     CANNA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

    Genus RACTA          (genus created in 1955)
  907. Racta apella  ______  EC
     Racta apella apella  ______      subspecies Costa Rica to Ecuador
    APELLA SKIPPER 
  908. Racta dalla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)    

  909. Racta plasma  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955) 


    Genus SERDIS

  910. Serdis statius  _____   EC

  911. Serdis venezuelae  ______  EC

  912. Serdis viridicans  ______  EC


    Genus TIRYNTHIA

  913. Tirynthia conflua  ______  EC
     CONFLUA SKIPPER
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 

    Genus TIRYNTHOIDES       genus created in 1940

  914. Tirynthoides virilis  ______  BRmg  EC
    VIRILIS SKIPPER


    Genus VACERRA

  915. Vacerra bonfilius  ______  EC

  916. Vacerra caniola  ______  EC
     Vacerra caniola caniola  ______      subspecies from Guatemala to Venezuela
    CANIOLA SKIPPER 
  917. Vacerra hermesia  ______  EC

  918. Vacerra molla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1959) 

  919. Vacerra litana  ______
    LITANA SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to the Guianas)     
  920. Vacerra evansi  ______  ARne  (MM:129)
    AR common name: Saltarin de Evans ("Evans' Skipper") 


    Genus WALLENGRENIA
  921. Wallengrenia otho  ______  EC  (K:327) (PE:45)
     Wallengrenia otho clavus      (or W. curassavica)  ______  subspecies from Texas to Peru, and the Guianas and Trinidad  
    (SOUTHERN) BROKEN DASH
    (Range: southeast US to Argentina, also West Indies)

  922. Wallengrenia premnas  ______  EC


    Genus XENIADES

  923. Xeniades orchamus  ______  BRse
    Xeniades orchamus orchamus  ______  BRse      subspecies from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil
     SMEAR-SPOTTED SKIPPER
     AR common name: Orchamus
  924. Xeniades chalestra  ______  BRse
    Xeniades chalastra pteras  ______      subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela
    Xeniades chalestra chalestra  ______  BRse  subspecies in southeast Brazil 
    BAND-SPOTTED SKIPPER


    Genus ATALOPEDES
  925. Atalopedes campestris  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:303) (PE:46)
     Atalopedes campestris huron  ______  EC      subspecies from the US and Mexico to Ecuador, Brazil 
    SACHEM
    (Range: southern US to Brazil)


    Genus MELLANA
  926. Mellana eulogius  ______  (PE:46)
    EULOGIUS SKIPPER
    (Range: north Mexico to Paraguay, periodically strays to far-south Texas)


    Genus NYCTELIUS 
  927. Nyctelius nyctelius  ______  EC  (K:357) (P:48)
    VIOLET-BANDED SKIPPER     (or Nyctelius Skipper)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, also West Indies; periodic stray to south Texas)


    Genus THESPIEUS

  928. Thespieus dalman  ______  EC
     CHALK-MARKED SKIPPER
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
  929. Thespieus fulvangula  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  930. Thespieus opigena  ______  EC
  931. Thespieus othna  ______  EC
     Thespieus othna tinka  ______  EC      in Panama and Colombia, subspecies described in 1955
    OTHNA SKIPPER
  932. Thespieus tapayuna  ______  EC
  933. Thespieus tihoneta  ______  EC 
  934. Thespieus macareus  ______  (K:357) (P:48)
    CHESTNUT-MARKED SKIPPER      (or Variegated Skipper)  
    (Range: central Mexico to Venezuela, occasional stray to far-southern Texas)

  935. Thespieus aspernatus  ______
    ASPERNATUS SKIPPER
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)


    Subfamily HESPERIINAE,  Miscellaneous taxa
       

    Genus ALERA

  936. Alera haworthiana  ______  EC
    GREEN-BANDED RUBY-EYE
         (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
  937. Alera vulpina  ______  EC  (EBE:157)

    Genus LYCAS

  938. Lycas argentea  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:124)
    SILVERED RUBY-EYE
     AR common name: Saltarin Plateado      (translates to "Silvery Skipper") 
         (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

    Genus ORSES

  939. Orses cynisca  ______  EC
    YELLOW-EDGED RUBY-EYE
         (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

  940. Orses itea  ______  BRse


    Genus PERICHARES   
  941. Perichares philetes  ______  BRse  EC  (EBE:157) (K:357) (PE:text)
     Perichares philetes adela  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil
    Perichares philetes aurina  ______  BRse      subspecies in southeast Brazil  
    GREEN-BACKED RUBY-EYE     (or Skipper)
    (Range: north Mexico to Paraguay, also West Indies, and strays to far-southern Texas)

  942. Perichares chima  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955)

  943. Perichares deceptus  ______  EC
  944. Perichares lotus  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:123)
    LOTUS RUBY-EYE
     AR common name: Ojos Rojos      (translates to "Red Eyes")
         (Range: southern Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil) 
  945. Perichares matha  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1955) 
  946. Perichares seneca  ______
    Perichares seneca seneca  ______  ARse  BRse  (MM:122)      subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    SENECA RUBY-EYE
     AR common name: Seneca 


    Genus PYRRHOPYGOPSIS

  947. Pyrrhopygopsis agaricon  ______  EC
    AGARICON SKIPPER
         (Range: eastern Costa Rica, Colombia) 
  948. Pyrrhopygopsis romula  ______  EC

  949. Pyrrhopygopsis socrates  ______  ARne  EC  (EBE:157)
     Pyrrhopygopsis socrates socrates  ______  ARne  (MM:139)      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    AR common name: Socrates

 

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