Part 3 of a List
with some Photos
of 

South America
Butterflies
and Moths

Hairstreaks, Blues, Metalmarks



Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela


Third Part of a List of South America Butterflies in 6 Parts,
compiled by Armas Hill


Here, in Part #3: 
Lycaenidae, the Hairstreaks and Blues
and Euselasiinae and Riodinidae, the Metalmarks


Among Butterfly Groupings in this list, links to:

Hairstreaks: Subfamily THECLINAE:   with the genera: Allomaitia, Apuecia, Arawasus, Arcas, Arumecla, Arzecla, Atlides, Aubergina, Bistonina, Brangus, Breviana, Busbiina, Calycopis, Camissecla, Celmia, Chalys, Chlorostrymon, Contrafacia, Copathecla, Cyanophrys, Dicya, Eiseliana, Electrostrymon, Enos, Erora, Eumaeus, Evenus, Exorbaetta, Gargina, Heoda, Hypostrymon, Iaspis, Ignata, Ipidecla, Janthecla, Johnsonita, Kisulam, Kolana. Lamasina, Lamprospilus, Laothus, Lathecla, Magnastigma, Megathecla, Micandra, Michaelus, Ministrymon, Mithras, Nesiostrymon, Nicolaea, Ocaria, Oenomaus, Olynthus, Ostrinotes, Paiwarria, Panthiades, Parrhasius, Penaincisalia, Phothecla, Podanotum, Porthecla, Pseudolycaena, Rekoa, Rhamma, Salazaria, Semonina, Siderus, Strephonota, Strymon, Symbiopsis, Temecia, Terenthina, Theclopsis, Theorema, Thepytus, Thereus, Theritas, Thestius, Timaeta, Tmolus, Ziegleria  

Blues: Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE:   with the genera: Echinargus, Hemiargus, Itylos, Leptotes, Madelinea, Nabokovia, Pseuolucia, Zizula

Metalmarks: Subfamilies Euselasiinae & Riodinidae   

Subfamily EUSELASIINAE:  with the genera: Euselasia, Hades, Methone

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe HELICOPINI:  with the genus: Helicopis

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI:   with the genera: Hermathena, Hyphilaria, Ithomiola, Leucochimona, Mesophthalma, Mesosemia, Napaea, Perophtalma, Semomesia, Voltinia 

Mesosemia and Seomesia are now said by some to be in the tribe RIODININI 

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI:  with the genus: Alesa, Eurybia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI:   with the genera: Amarynthis, Ancyluris, Baeotis, Barbicornis, Brachyglenis, Calcodeta, Calophelis, Caria, Cariomothis, Cartea, Chamaelimnas, Charis, Chorinea, Crocozona, Cyrenia, Detritivora, Exoplisia, Ithomeis, Isapis, Lasaia, Lyroteryx, Melanis, Metacharis, Monethe, Necyria, Netheme, Pheles, Paceella, Rhetus, Roeberella,  Sysema, Syrmatia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI:   with the genera: Calydna, Esthemopsis, Lucillella, Mesene, Mesenopsis, Panaropsis, Pirascca, Symmachia, Xenandra, Xynias   

Subfamily RIODININAE. Tribe NYMPHIDINI:   with the genera: Adelotypa, Anteros, Ariconias, Aricoris, Archaeonympha, Audre, Calociasma, Calospila, Catocyclotis, Hypophylla, Juditha, Lemonias, Livendula, Nymphidium, Ourocnemis, Periplacis, Rodinia, Sarota, Setabis, Stichelia, Synargis, Theope, Thisbe
with genera having uncertain taxonomy as to tribe:
Argyrogrammana, Calydna, Comphotis, Echydna, Emesis, Imelda, Machaya, Pachythone, Pseudotinea, Roeberella

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI:   with the genus: Stalachtis

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe unassigned:  genus Echydna 

Not a butterfly, but a bright yellow and black moth on stony ground in an Amazonian forest
during a FONT tour in Brazil.
The species is Xanthyris flaveolata, in the family Geometridae.

To see some photos of:  MORE SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS 

Links to other South America Butterfly groupings in this list:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)    Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae) 

Part #5 - Clearwings (Ithomiini) & Satyrs (Satyrini)

Part #6 - Skippers (Hesperlidae)

In South America, the countries of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador each have a great number of butterfly species.
Ecuador has the greatest concentration of species per kilometer. In that country, there are said to be 2,726 species of butterflies.


Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (DA:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera, 1984

Numbers noted as (DV1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries

Numbers noted as (DV2:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 2): Riodinidae", by Philip J. DeVries.    

Numbers noted as (EBE:xx) refer to pages in "Ecuador's Butterfly Ecology", by Xavier Silva 

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MCA:xx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico & Central America", by Jeffrey Glassberg

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.

Country Codes:

AR:  in Argentina
 ba:   province of Buenos Aires
 ne:   northeast Argentina, including Iguazu Falls  (ARne also on the Brazilian side at Iguazu Falls)
BR:  in Brazil
 am:  in the Amazonian region
 mg:  Mato Grosso, including the Pantanal and north to Alta Floresta / Rio Cristalino
 se:    southeast Brazil 
CH:  in Chile
EC:  in Ecuador
PE:  in Peru
VE:  in Venezuela

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) AFTER THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website

Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in:
Brazil   Ecuador   Uruguay   Venezuela     Argentina   Chile 

Lists & Photo Galleries of BIRDS, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of MAMMALS, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website  

          Family LYCAENIDAE  (GOSSAMER WINGS): including: HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES
 
          Throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. 
          The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.

           Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS, 
           with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.
 
           Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. 
           Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.


          Subfamily THECLINAE:  HAIRSTREAKS


          Genus EUMAEUS

1. Eumaeus godarti  ______  EC
   WHITE-TIPPED CYCADIAN
   (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
   
   
2. Eumaeus toxana  ______  EC
   
   
   Genus THEOREMA
   
   
3. Theorema eumenia  ______  (MCA:36)
   TAILED CYCADIAN  (or Pale-tipped Cycadian)
   (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador)
   
   
4. Theorema sapho  ______
   BANDED CYCADIAN
   (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
   
   
   Genus PAIWARRIA
   
   
5. Paiwarria antinous  ______  (MCA:37)
   FELDER'S HAIRSTREAK
   (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
   
   
6. Paiwarria telemus  ______  EC
   
   
7. There is a Paiwarria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
   
   
   Genus BRANGUS
   
   
8. Brangus neora  ______  (MCA:39)
   WIDESPREAD BRANGAS  (or Common Brangas)
   (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
   
   
9. Brangus coccineifrons  ______  (MCA:39)
   BLACK-VEINED BRANGAS
   (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
   
   
10. Brangus carthaea  ______  (MCA:39)
    GREEN-SPOTTED BRANGAS
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
11. Brangus getus  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BRIGHT BRANGAS
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas, also Trinidad)
    
    
12. Brangus felderi  ______  EC
    
    
13. There is a Brangus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
    
    
    Genus MITHRAS
    
    
14. Mithras orobia  ______  EC
    
    
15. There are 3 Mithras sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
    
    
    Genus THAEIDES:  genus created in 1997
    
    
16. Thaeides theia  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    BROWN-BARRED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and southeast Brazil)
    
    
17. Thaeides xavier  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)
    
    
    Genus ENOS:   genus created in 1997
    
    
18. Enos thara  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    THARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay)
    
    
19. Enos falerina  ______  EC
    
    
    Genus LAMASINA:   genus created in 2002
    
    
20. Lamasina draudti (or godmani)  ______  (MCA:37)
    DRAUDT'S HAIRSTREAK  (another name is Shimmering Greatstreak)
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
    
    
21. Lamasina ganimedes  _______
    GANIMEDES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas, and the Guianas)
    
    
22. Lamasina rhaptissima  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)
    
    
    Genus ARUMECLA   genus created in 2004
    
    
23. Arumecla aruma  ______  BRse
    
    
24. Arumecla galliena  ______  EC
    
    
25. There are 2 Arumecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
    
    
    Genus ATLIDES:  Found mainly in South America
    
    
26. Atides polybe  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:39)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
    BLACK-VEINED HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-veined Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)
    
    
27. Atides inachus (or carpophora)  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    SPYING HAIRSTREAK  (or Alert Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)
    
    
28. Atides atys (or scamander)  ______
    ATYS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)
    
    
29. Atides bacis  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BACIS HAIRSTREAK  (or Pale-rayed Greatstreak)
    (Range: Belize, Panama to Peru) 
    
    
30. Atides (was Oenomous) rustan  ______  EC  (F:260) (MCA:39)
    RUSTAN HAIRSTREAK  (or Rusty Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)  
    
    
31. Atlides halljasoni  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)
    
    
32. There is an Atlides sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
    
    
33. Atlides cosa  ______  BRse 
    
    
34. Atlides zava  ______  BRse
    
    
    Genus PSEUDOLYCAENA
    
    
35. Pseudolycaena marsyas  ______  BRse  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    MARSYAS HAIRSTREAK  (or Giant Hairstreak)
    (Range: Panama to Argentina, including Trinidad and Tobago)  
    
    
36. Pseudolycaena damo  ______  (MCA:38)
    SKY-BLUE HAIRSTREAK  (or Sky-blue Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
    Genus THERITAS
    
    
37. Theritas mavors  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    DEEP-GREEN HAIRSTREAK  (or Sleepy Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas)
    
    
    
    Deep-green Hairstreak, Theritas mayors,
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)
    
    
38. Theritas theocritus  ______  (MCA:38)
    PEARLY HAIRSTREAK  (or Pearly Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
39. Theritas hemon  (ph)  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:38)
    PALE-CLUBBED HAIRSTREAK  (other names are the Pale-clubbed Greatstreak or the Hemon Blue Hairstreak) 
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
    
    Pale-clubbed Hairstreaks, or Hemon Blue Hairstreaks,
    female and male
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)
    
    
40. Theritas lisus (or hisbon) (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    LISUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Common Greatstreak) 
    (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
    
    Lisus Hairstreak
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)
    
    
41. Theritas crines  ______
    CRINES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)
    
    
42. Theritas danaus  ______  EC
    
    
43. Theritas drucei  ______  EC
    
    
44. Theritas gozmanyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2007)
    
    
45. Theritas monica  ______  EC
    
    
46. Theritas paupera  ______  EC
    
    
47. Theritas triquetra  ______  BRse  EC
    
    
48. Theritas deniva  ______  BRse
    
    
    Genus JOHNSONITA   genus created in 1995
    
    
49. Johnsonita auda  ______
    AUDA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
    
    
50. Johnsonita catadupa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
    
    
51. There are at least 7 Johnsonita sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
    
    
    Genus BREVIANTA
    
    
52. Brevianta tolmides  ______
    WHITE-FROSTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)
    
    
    Genus MICANDRA
    
    
53. Micandra platyptera  ______  EC
    PLATYPTERA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica, Venezuela to Bolivia)
    
    
54. Micandra aegides  ______  EC
    
    
55. Micandra comae  ______  EC
    
    
56. Micandra dignota  ______  EC
    
    
    Genus IPIDECLA
    
    
57. Ipidecla schausi  ______  EC  (MCA:37)
    SCHAUS' IPIDECLA  (or Schaus' Streaklet)
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Paraguay)
    
    
58. Ipidecla crepundia  ______
    WHITENEED IPIDECLA
    (Range; Trinidad to Peru)
    
    
    Genus THEREUS
    
    
59. Thereus cithonius  ______  EC   (MCA:40)
    PALE-LOBED HAIRSTREAK  (or Double-barred Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
    
    
60. Thereus enenia  ______
    ENENIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: El Salvador to Colombia)
    
    
61. Thereus pedusa  ______
    PEDUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)
    
    
62. Thereus timoclea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    TIMOCLEA HAIRSTREAK
    
    
63. Thereus ortalus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    ORTALUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Kissing Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
64. Thereus praxis  ______
    PRAXIS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
    
    
65. Thereus lausus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    LAUSUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Cafe-au-lait Hairstreak)
    (Range; Mexico to the Guianas & Amazonas)   
    
    
66. Thereus ismarus ______  EC  
    
    
67. There are 2 Thereus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
    
    
    Genus REKOA:  A small genus of blue butterflies in Central & South America. 
    
    
68. Rekoa meton  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:38)
    METON HAIRSTREAK  (or Tiger-eye Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, & southern Brazil, also Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad) 
    
    
69. Rekoa marius  ______  BRse  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
    MARIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil, also Trinidad)
    
    
70. Rekoa palegon ______ ARne  BRse  EC   (MCA:40) (MM:191) (PE:text)
    GOLD-BORDERED HAIRSTREAK  (or Palegon Hairstreak) 
    AR common name: Azul Banda Curva  (translates to "Curve-banded Blue") 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
    
    
71. Rekoa malina ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:192)
    AR common name: Azul Banda Recta  (translates to "Straight-banded Blue")
    
    
72. Rekoa stagira ______ ARne  EC  (MCA:40) (MM:193)
    SMUDGED HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name:  Aristolteles  ("Aristotle") (regarding the scientific name, Stagira is the city where Aristotle was born.)  
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil, also the Guianas & Trinidad)
    
    
    Genus ARAWACUS:  STRIPE-STREAKS
    
    
73. Arawacus togarna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    TOGARNA HAIRSTREAK  (another name, in Mexico, is Chiapas Stripe-streak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)
    
    
74. Arawacus leucogyna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    LEUCOGYNA HAIRSTREAK  (or Interrupted Stripe-streak)
    (Range: Belize to Venezuela and Peru)
    
    
75. Arawacus dolylas  ______  EC
    DOLYLAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
    
    
76. Arawacus dumenilii  ______
    DUMENIL'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Honduras, Panama to the Guianas, also Trinidad)
    
    
77. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) lincoides  ______ 
    (Range: Colombia)
    
    
78. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) aetolus  ______  EC
    (Range: Ecuador and Colombia to the Guianas, also Trinidad, Bolivia)
    
    
79. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) separata  (ph)  ______  PE
    ZEBRA HAIRSTREAK  (other names are Separata Stripe-streak, or Zebra Teaser)
    (Range: Peru, Paraguay)
    
    
    
    The Zebra Hairstreak, Arawacus separata
    (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
    
    
80. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) aethesa  ______
    (Range: Brazil, in Bahia)
    
    
81. Arawacus ellida  ______  BRse
    
    
82. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) meliboeus  (ph)  ______  BRse
    MELIBOEUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Meliboeus Stripe-streak)  
    (Range: Brazil) 
    
    
    
    Meliboeus Hairstreak
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro) 
    
    
83. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) euptychia  ______
    (Range; Brazil) 
    
    
84. Arawacus (formerly Thecla, and Rekoa) ellida  ______  EC
    (Range: Venezuela to Peru, and Argentina & southern Brazil)
    
    
85. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tadita  ______  BR
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)
    
    
86. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) binangula  ______  BR
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)
    
    
87. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tarania  ______  BR
    (Range: Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Parana)   
    
    
    Genus CONTRAFACIA
    
    
88. Contrafacia bassania  ______  (MCA:41)
    WHITE-ETCHED HAIRSTREAK  (or Chained Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
    
    
89. Contrafacia ahola  ______  EC  (MCA:41)
    HALF-BLUE HAIRSTREAK  (or Hash-mark Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
    
    
90. Contrafacia imma  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:41)
    IMMA HAIRSTREAK  (or Pritwitz's Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
91. Contrafacia marmoris  ______  EC
    
    
    Genus KOLANA
    
    
92. Kolana ligurina  ______  (MCA:41)
    LIGURINA HAIRSTREAK  (or Parenthetical Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
    
    This and the following species, K. lyde, may be inseparable.
    
    
93. Kolana lyde  ______  (MCA:41)
    LYDE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)   
    
    
    Genus CHLOROSTRYMON   genus created in 1961
    
    
94. Chlorostrymon telea  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:52) (PE:text)
    TELEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
    
    
    
    Telea Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)
    
    
95. Chlorostrymon simaethis  (ph)  ______  AR  EC  (K:117) (MCA:52) (PE:13)
    Chlorostrymon simaethis simaethis  ______  ARne  (MM:202)  subspecies in South America, south to Argentina
    SILVER-BANDED HAIRSTREAK  (or Simaethis Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Banda de Plata  (translates to "Silver Band", referring to the silver band on the ventral surface) 
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)  
    
    
    
    Silver-banded Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)
    
    
    Genus OCARIA:   genus created in 1970, in it there are 16 species
    
    
96. Ocaria aholiba  ______  EC
    COLOMBIAN HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela) 
    
    
97. Ocaria arpoxais  ______  EC
    
    
98. Ocaria calesia  ______  EC
    
    
99. Ocaria elongata  ______  EC  
    
    
100. Ocaria sadiei  ______  EC
     
     
101. Ocaria thales  ______  BRse  EC  In southeast Brazil, occurs in the area of Itatiaia National Park
     THALES BLACKSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil and Argentina)
     
     
102. Ocaria ocrisia  (ph)  ______  ARne  BRam,se  EC  (MCA:43) (MM:199) (PE:text)
     HEWITSON'S BLACKSTREAK  (or BLACK HAIRSTREAK)   
     AR common name: Ocrisia  (the name of a noble Roman, Servio Tulio's mother, the 6th Roman emperor) 
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  
     
     Ocaria ocrisia is seemingly the most common and widespread species in its genus.
     
     
     
     Hewitson's Blackstreak
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus MAGNASTIGMA
     
     
103. Magnastigma hirsuta  ______  
     HIRSUTA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
      
     
     Genus CYANOPHRYS:  TROPICAL GREEN HAIRSTREAKS   genus created in 1961 
     
     
104. Cyanophrys amyntor  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:52)
     AMYNTOR GREENSTREAK  (or Cramer's Greenstreak)
     (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
105. Cyanophrys fusius  ______  (MCA:52)
     BROWN GREENSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     
106. Cyanophrys longula  ______  EC  (MCA:52)
     MOUNTAIN GREENSTREAK  (or Brown-spotted Greenstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
107. Cyanophrys pseudolongula  (ph)  ______  EC
     
     
     
     Cyanophrys pseudolongula
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
108. Cyanophrys banosensis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
109. Cyanophrys acaste ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:194)
     AR common name: Acasto  (in Greek mythology, Acasto was the son of Pelias) 
     
     
110. Cyanophrys herodotus ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (EBE:192) (K:117) (MCA:52) (MM:195) (PE:13)
     TROPICAL GREENSTREAK  (or Tropical Green Hairstreak) 
     AR common name: Herodoto  (the name referring to Herodoto, a Greek historian in the 5th Century BC)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil  & northeast Argentina)
     
     
111. Cyanophrys remus ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:196)
     DOUBLE-LINED EMERALD  
     AR common name: Remo
     
     
     Genus ARCAS
     
     
112. Arcas imperialis  ______  BRse  EC  (C:343) (MCA:37)
     IMPERIAL ARCAS  (other names are Imperial Hairstreak, and Imperial Sunstreak)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 
     
     
113. Arcas delphia  ______
     NICOLAY'S ARCAS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
114. Arcas splendor  ______
     SPLENDID ARCAS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
115. Arcas gozmanyi  ______
     GOZMANY'S ARCAS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
116. Arcas cypria  ______  (MCA:37)
     MEXICAN ARCAS  (another name is Wavy-lined Sunstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
117. Arcas jivaro  ______  EC  (species described in 1971)
     
     
118. Arcas nicolayi  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
     
     
119. Arcas ducalis  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus EVENUS
     
     
120. Evenus (formerly incorrectly in Thecla) coronata  ______  EC  (S:88) (MCA:37)
     CROWNED HAIRSTREAK  (or Magnificent Greatstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
121. Evenus batesii  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:37)
     BATES' HAIRSTREAK  (or Bates' Greatstreak)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
122. Evenus candidus  ______  EC
     CANDID HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Amazonas)
     
     
123. Evenus temathea  ______
     TIMID HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas)  
     
     
124. Evenus gabriela  ______  EC
     
     
125. Evenus regalis  ______  BRse  EC
     REGAL HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CUPATHECLA
     
     
126. Cupathecla cupentus  ______
     CUPENTUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus THESTIUS
     
     
127. Thestius epopea  ______  EC
     EPOPEA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
128. Thestius lycabas  ______  EC
     
     
129. Thestius meridionalis  ______  EC
     
     
130. Thestius pholeus  ______  EC
     
     
131. Thestius selina  ______  EC
     
     
132. There are 2 Thestius sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
133. Thestius azaria  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus ALLOMAITIA   genus created in 1964
     
     
134. Allomaitia strophius  (formerly A. pion)  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
     STROPHIUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
135. Allomaitia mytusa  ______  EC
     MYTUSA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus LAOTHUS   genus created in 1997
     
     
136. Laothus erybathis  ______  (MCA:42)
     ERYBATHIS HAIRSTREAK  (another name, further north in its range, is the Mexican Elstreak) 
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
137. Laothus oceia (or laothose)  ______
     OCEIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
138. Laothus gibberosa  ______  EC
     
     
139. Laothus phydela  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus JANTHECLA   genus created in 1991
     
     
140. Janthecla cydonia  ______  EC
     CYDONIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)  
     
     
141. Janthecla janthina  ______  EC
     JANTHINA NAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
142. Janthecla leea  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)
     
     
143. Janthecla rocena  ______  EC
     ROCENA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
144. There is a Janthecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
     Genus LAMPROSPILUS
     
     
145. Lamprospilus collucia  ______
     TWO-TONED GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
146. Lamprospilus coelicolor  ______
     CENTRAL AMERICAN GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)
     
     
147. Lamprospilus badaca  ______  EC
     
     
148. Lamprospilus canacha  ______  EC
     
     
149. Lamprospilus nicetus  ______  EC
     
     
150. Lamprospilus orcidia  ______  EC
     
     
151. There are 6 Lamprospilus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
152. Lamprospilus arza  ______  BRse
     
     
153. Lamprospilus badaca  ______  BRse
     
     
154. Lamprospilus nubilum  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus MEGATHECLA   genus created in 2002
     
     
155. Megathecla cupentus  ______  BRse  EC
     
     
156. Megathecla gigantea  ______  EC 
     
     
     Genus ARZECLA
     
     
157. Arzecla arza  ______
     SINGLE-BANDED GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
158. Arzecla paralus  ______
     PARALUS GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela)
     
     
159. Arzecla teminella  ______
     TEMINELLA GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ARUMECLA
     
     
160. Arumecla galliena  ______
     RED-BASED GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus BISTONINA   genus created in 2004
     
     
161. Bistonina erema  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CAMISSECLA   genus created in 2004
     
     
162. Camissecla charichlorus  ______
     CHARICHLORUS GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Honduras to Colombia) 
     
     
163. Camissecla camissa  ______  EC
     
     
164. Camissecla cleocha  ______  EC
     
     
165. Camissecla pactya  ______  EC
     
     
166. Camissecla saphronotis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1993)
     
     
167. Camissecla vesper  ______  EC
     
     
168. There are 2 Camissecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus PARRHASIUS
     
     
169. Parrhasius polibetes  ______
     BLACK-SPOT HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay) 
     
     
170. Parrhasius orgia  ______
     Parrhasius orgia orgia ______ ARne  (MM:197)  subspecies in northeast Argentina 
     VARIABLE HAIRSTREAK  (or Turquoise-M Hairstreak)
     AR common name: Orgia
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Brazil) 
     
     
171. Parrhasius selika  ______
     BRAZILIAN M-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Colombia to Brazil)
     
     Parrhasius selika is similar to Parrhasius m-album of North America. 
     
     
172. Parrhasius polibetes  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus PANTHIADES
     
     
173. Panthiades bitias  ______  BRmg  EC  (MCA:42)
     BITIAS HAIRSTREAK  (or Eclipsed Cross-streak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
174. Panthiades ochus  ______  (MCA:42)
     OCHUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Hatched Cross-streak)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
175. Panthiades bathildis  ______  (MCA:42)
     ZEBRA-STRIPED HAIRSTREAK  (or Zebra Cross-streak)
     (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)
     
     
176. Panthiades phaleros  ______  EC  (MCA:42)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
     PHALEROS HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-barred Cross-streak)
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
177. Panthiades aeolus  ______  EC
     
     
178. Panthiades paphlagon  ______  EC
     
     
179. Panthiades hebracus  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus PORTHECLA
     
     
180. Porthecla porthura  ______
     PORTHURA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Honduras to western Ecuador)
     
     
181. Porthecla ravus  ______
     RAVUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Amazonas)
     
     
182. Porthecla melleus  ______
     MELLEUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
183. Porthecla annette  ______  (species described in 2011)
     ANNETTE'S HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Amazonas) 
     
     
     Genus THEPYTUS
     
     
184. Thepytus epytus  ______
     EPYTUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Ecuador)
     
     
185. Thepytus echelta  ______  (MCA:43)
     VELVET HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)   
     
     
186. Thepytus thyrea  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus OENOMAUS:  Hairstreaks of North and South America, relatively large and with iridescent colors. Live in lightly wooded areas.
     
      
187. Oenomaus ortygnus ______ (MCA:38,44) (PE:text)
     AQUAMARINE HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
188. Oenomaus cyanovenata  ______
     VEINED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas)
     
     
189. Oenomaus atesa  ______
     ATESA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
190. Oenomaus atena  ______
     ATENA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Guatemala to Amazonas)
     
     
     Genus TMOLUS: Dimorphic tailed hairstreaks with dark uppers and light undersides. 
     
     
191. Tmolus echion ______  AR  BR  EC  (F:278) (K: 119) (MCA:46) (PE:13)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
     Tmolus echion echiolus  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:206)  subspecies from Mexico to southern Brazil
     RED-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK  (other names: Echion Hairstreak, Four-spotted Hairstreak, Larger Lantana Butterfly)
     AR common name: Tmolos  (in mythology, Tmolos was the father of Tantalo) 
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil and northeast Argentina)
     
     Tmolus echion is introduced into some places, such as Mexico & Hawaii, to control lantana, its caterpillar food plant.
     
     
192. Tmolus crolinus  ______  
     CROLINUS HAIRSTEAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)  
     
     
193. Tmolus mutina  ______  BR
     MUTINA MIDISTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas and northern Brazil)
     
     
194. Tmolus cydrara  ______  BRse  EC
     CYDRARA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
195. There are 2 Tmolus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
196. Tmolus venustus  ______  BRse   In southeast Brazil, occurs in the area of Itatiaia National Park
     
     
     Genus LATHECLA   genus created in 2004
     
     
197. Lathecla latagus  ______  EC
     
     
198. There is a Lathecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus NICOLAEA   genus created in 1993
     
     
199. Nicolaea dolium  ______  BR
     DOLIUM HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
200. Nicolaea velina  (or phobe)  ______  BR  EC
     GARNET-PATCHED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)   
     
     
201. Nicolaea heraldica  ______  BR
     HERALDICA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to central Brazil)
     
     
202. Nicolaea ophia  ______  BR
     OPHIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil) 
     
     
203. There are 3 Nicolaea sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
     Genus MINISTRYMON: HAIRSTREAKS of North & South America that have adaptations for living in deserts. Breed on mesquites, spiny trees, and shrubs of the Proposis genus, which grow in deserts, especially by watercourses. The colors of the butterflies are blue, gray, and black.  
     
     
204. Ministrymon azia  (or guacanagari) ______  CH  EC  (K:119) (MCA:46) (PE:13)
     GRAY MINISTREAK  (or Azia Hairstreak)
     CH common name: Licena Invasora
     (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil and Argentina, also West Indies. In Chile, from Arica to Atacama)
     
     Ministrymon azia lives in arid places. It favors thorn scrub and matorral.
     
     
205. Ministrymon inoa  ______  
     VERACRUZAN MINISTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
206. Ministrymon cleon  ______  BRse  EC
     CLEON MINISTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)
     
     
207. Ministrymon zilda  ______  EC
     SQUARE-SPOTTED MINISTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
208. Ministrymon phrutus  ______  BR
     PURPLE-WEBBED MINISTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
209. Ministrymon una  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MCA:46) (MM:204)
     PALE MINISTREAK
     AR common name: Frotadora Palida  (translates to "Pale Rubber")
     
     
210. Ministrymon quebradivaga  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de la Quebrada
     (Range: in Chile, in the valleys of Arica and Tarapaca)
     
     Ministrymon quebradivaga flies above treetops. 
     
     
     Genus EXORBAETTA   genus created in 1997
     
     
211. Exorbaetta metanira  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus GARGINA:   genus created in 2004 
     
     
212. Gargina thyesta  ______
     THYESTA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
213. Gargina thoria  ______
     THORIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
214. Gargina emessa  ______  EC
     EMESSA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)
     
     
215. Gargina gnosia  ______  EC
     GNOSIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
216. Gargina gargophia  ______  
     GARGOPHIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
217. Gargina caninius  ______
     CANINUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus EISELIANA
     
     
218. Eiseliana bicolor  ______  CH
     BICOLORED HAIRSTREAK
     CH common name: Licena de Dos Colores
     (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Biobio, where it is common near flowers and flowering shrubs)
     
     
     Genus HEODA
     
     
219. Heoda wagenknecti  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de Wagenknect
     (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Coquimbo, in a variety of habitats)
     
     Heoda wagenkncecti is gray with a large spot of orange on the wings. 
     
     
220. Heoda nivea  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena Nevada
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen, in Andean foothills)   
     
     Heoda nivea is brown. 
     
     
     Genus SIDERUS
     
     
221. Siderus leucophaeus  ______  EC
     WHITE-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)
     
     
222. Siderus bouvieri  ______  EC
     
     
223. Siderus philinna  ______  BRse  EC
     BOLD-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
224. There are 3 Siderus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus STREPHONOTA:   genus created in 1997 
     
     
225. Strephonota (was Siderus) tephraeus  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:49) (PE:text)
     PEARLY-GRAY HAIRSTREAK  (or Tephraeus Hairstreak) 
     (Range: south Texas, USA and Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
226. Strephonota sphinx  ______  BRse  EC
     SPHINX HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Brazil)
     
     
227. Strephonota syedra  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
     SYEDRA HAIRSTREAK  (or White-banded Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
228. Strephonota ambrax  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
     AMBRAX HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
229. Strephonota ericeta  ______  (MCA:49)
     ERICETA HAIRSTREAK  (or Flying-W Hairstreak) 
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
230. Strephonota agrippa  ______  EC
     
     
231. Strephonota carteia  ______  EC
     
     
232. Strephonota cyllarissus  ______  EC
     
     
233. Strephonota parvipuncta  ______  EC
     
     
234. Strephonota trebonia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
235. Strephonota tyriam  ______  EC
     
     
236. There are 6 Strephonota sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
237. Strephonota elika  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus THECLOPSIS
     
     
238. Theclopsis mycon  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
     MYCON HAIRSTREAK  (or Burnt-chocolate Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)
     
     
239. Theclopsis demea  ______
     DEMEA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
240. Theclopsis epidius  ______
     EPIDIUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Colombia)
     
     
241. Theclopsis gargara  ______
     GARGARA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Colombia to southern Brazil)
     
     
242. Theoclopsis lydus  ______  EC
     
     
243. There is a Theclopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus OSTRINOTES:   genus created in 1997
     
     
244. Ostrinotes haliciones  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
     HALCIONES HAIRSTREAK  (or Halcyon Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
245. Ostrinotes keila  ______  (MCA:48)
     KEILA HAIRSTREAK  (or Pungent Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
246. Ostrinotes purpuriticus  ______  (MCA:48)
     CRYTIC HAIRSTREAK  (or Druce's Hairstreak)
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
247. Ostrinotes empusa  ______
     EMPUSA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Argentina)
     
     
248. There is a Ostrinotes sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
249. Ostrinotes sophocles  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:205)  (was Thecla sophocles)
     AR common name: Sofocles  (re the name: Sofoles was 1 of 3 most important Greek playwrights, 496-406 B.C.)
     
     
250. Ostrinotes tympania  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus MICHAELUS
     
     
251. Michaelus phoenissa  ______  (MCA:41)
     TWO-BANDED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil and Peru)
     
     
252. Michaelus jebus  ______  BRse  (MCA:41)
     VARIEGATED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil)
     
     
253. Michaelus thordesa  ______  BRmg  (MCA:41)
     THORDESA HAIRSTREAK  (or Milky Way Hairstreak) 
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil) 
     
     
254. Michaelus ira  ______  (MCA:41)
     IRA HAIRSTREAK  (or Shadowed Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina and southeastern Brazil)
     
     
255. Michaelus joseph  ______  (species described in 2010)
     JOSEPH HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to the western Amazon, Brazil and Peru)
     
     
     Genus IGNATA
     
     
256. Ignata caldas  ______  (species described in 2010)
     CALDAS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southeast Peru)
     
     
257. Ignata brasiliensis  ______  BRmg
     BRAZILIAN HAIRSTREAK
     
     
258. Ignata norax  ______  ARne  (MCA:49) (MM:200)  (was Thecla conchylium)
     NORAX HAIRSTREAK
     AR common name: Spanish to English translates to "Little Snail" 
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus OLYNTHUS
     
     
259. Olynthus narbal  ______
     NARBAL HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas and Peru)
     
     
260. Olynthus hypsea  ______
     HYPSEA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
261. Olynthus punctum (or stigmatos)  ______
     PUNCTUM HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas and central Brazil)
     
     
     Genus HYPOSTRYMON
     
     
262. Hypostrymon asa  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
     ASA HAIRSTREAK  (or Garnet-spotted Hairstreak)
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)
     
     
263. There is a Hypostrymon sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
     Genus APUECIA
     
     
264. Apuecia upupa  ______  
     UPUPA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus NESIOSTRYMON
     
     
265. Nesiostrymon calachinia  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
     CALACHINA HAIRSTREAK  (or Tied Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
266. Nesiostrymon celona  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
     CELONA HAIRSTREAK  (or Village Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
267. Nesiostrymon dodava  ______  (MCA:44)
     DODAVA HAIRSTREAK  (or Brown-and-blue Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus AUBERGINA
     
     
268. Aubergina vanessoides  ______
     VANESSOIDES HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Colombia to Brazil)
     
     
269. Aubergina paetus  ______
     PAETUS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
270. Aubergina hicetas  ______
     HICETAS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
271. Aubergina hesychia  ______
     HESYCHIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus TERENTHINA
     
     
272. Terenthina terentia  ______
     TERENTIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus IASPIS
     
     
273. Iaspis temesa  ______  (MCA:49)
     TEMESA HAIRSTREAK  (or Yellow-spotted Hairstreak)
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
274. Iaspis andersoni  ______    (species described in 2010)
     ANDERSON'S HAIRSTREAK  
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     
275. Iaspis beera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
276. Iaspis talayra  ______  BRse  EC
     
     
277. Iaspis thabena  ______  EC
     
     
278. Iaspis verania  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CELMIA:  (genus created in 1991)
     
     
279. Celmia celmus  ______  BRmg,se  EC  (MCA:45)
     CELMUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Chutes-and-ladders Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and Brazil)
     
     
280. Celmia conoveria  ______  (MCA:45)
     CONOVERIA HAIRSTREAK  (another name is Base-line Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
281. There is a Celmia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
     Genus DICYA
     
     
282. Dicya dicaea  ______  (MCA:45)
     DICAEA HAIRSTREAK  (or Wine-spotted Hairstreak) 
     (Range; Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
283. Dicya carnica  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
     CARNICA HAIRSTREAK  (or Tear-spotted Hairstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)
     
     
284. Dicya iambe  ______  EC
     IAMBE HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
     Genus ERORA
     
     
285. Erora subflorens  ______  (MCA:53)
     EMERALD HAIRSTREAK  (or Sweet Dreamstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
286. Erora aura  ______  (MCA:53)
     AURA HAIRSTREAK  (or Shimmering Dreamstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to western Colombia)
     
     
287. Erora caria  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
     CARIA HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-edged Dreamstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
288. Erora gabina  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
     GABINA HAIRSTREAK  (or Salvin's Dreamstreak) 
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
289. Erora opisena  ______  (MCA:53)
     OPISENA HAIRSTREAK  (or Druce's Dreamstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
290. Erora badeta  ______
     BADETA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
291. Erora lampetia  ______
     LAMPETIA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
292. There are 2 Erora sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
293. Erora campa  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus SEMONINA:   genus created in 2004
     
     
294. Semonina ares  ______  EC
     ARES HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Panama to western Ecuador)
     
     
295. Semonina semones  ______
     SEMONES HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CHALYS
     
     
296. Chalys janias  ______  (MCA:53)
     JANIAS GREENSTREAK  (or Cramer's Emeraldstreak)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
297. Chalys hassan  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
     HASSAN GREENSTREAK  (or Red-spotted Emeraldstreak) 
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
298. Chalys lineata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus SYMBIOPSIS   genus created in 1971 
     
     
299. Symbiopsis tanais  ______
     TANAIS HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
300. Symbiopsis rickmani  ______
     RICKMAN'S HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia) 
     
     
301. Symbiopsis morpho  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1971)
     
     
302. There is a Symbiopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
303. Symbiopsis strenua  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus CALYCOPIS: Small, tailed LYCAENIDS, mostly in South America. 
     
     
304. Calycopis isobeon ______ (MCA:51) (PE:13)
     DUSKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK  (or Dusky-blue Hairstreak)
     (Range: Texas to Venezuela)
     
     
305. Calycopis caesaries  ______
     CAESARIES GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Belize to northern Brazil)
     
     
306. Calycopis bellera  ______
     BELLERA GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Panama, Surinam, Brazil)  
     
     
307. Calycopis thama  ______
     THAMA HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
308. Calycopis atnius  ______  EC
     ATNIUS GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
309. Calycopis buphonia  ______  EC
     BUPHONIA GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil) 
     
     
310. Calycopis cerata  ______  EC
     CERATA GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
311. Calycopis cicera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 2005)
     
     
312. Calycopis demonassa  ______  EC
     SHINING GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
313. Calycopis mimas  ______  EC
     MIMAS GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
314. Calycopis orcillula  ______  EC
     STRAND'S GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
315. Calycopis pisis  ______  EC
     PISIS GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
316. Calycopis spadectis  ______ EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1993)
     
     
317. Calycopis trebula  ______  EC  
     TREBULA GROUNDSTREAK
     
     
318. Calycopis vidulus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
319. There is a Calycopis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
320. Calycopis caulonia  ______  BRse
     
     
321. Calycopis gentilla  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus ZIEGLERIA   genus created in 1993
     
     
322. Ziegleria hesperitis  ______  BRse  EC
     HESPERITIS GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
323. Ziegleria ceromia  ______  EC
     
     
324. Ziegleria perisus  ______  EC
     
     
325. Ziegleria syllis  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus KISULAM
     
     
326. Kisulam syllis  ______
     SKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ELECTROSTRYMON:   genus created in 1961 
     
     
327. Electrostrymon hugon (or sangala, or cyphara)  ______  EC  (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:13)
     RUDDY HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: south Texas to Venezuela)
     
     
328. Electrostrymon canus ______ (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:text) 
     MUTED HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: south Texas to Peru)
     
     
329. Electrostrymon endymion ______  ARne  EC  (MM:201)
     ENDYMION HAIRSTREAK (re the name: Endymion in Greek mythology was a shepherd who lulled in perpetual sleep.)  
     
     
330. Electrostrymon joya  ______  EC
     
     
331. Electrostrymon mathewi  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus STRYMON: SCRUB HAIRSTREAKS: In both North & South America. Butterflies exhibit seasonal variation. 
     
     
332. Strymon melinus ______ (C:181) (F:274) (K: 93) (MCA:47) (PE:15) (S:90)  
     GRAY HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southern Canada to South America)
     
     Strymon melinus is widely distributed in North & Central America, living in many different types of open habitat. It has been recorded breeding on over 50 species of plants.
     
     
333. Strymon rufofusca  ______  EC  (K:123) (PE:15)
     RED-CRESCENT SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK  (or Reddish Hairstreak)
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Grenada)
     
     
334. Strymon yojoa  ______  BRse  EC  (EBE:192) (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
     YOJOA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
335. Strymon albata  (or sedecia)  ______  (F:273) (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
     WHITE SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     Strymon albata is a migrant, with some flights from Central America reaching the southern US. 
     
     
336. Strymon alea  ______ 
     LACEY'S SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Texas to Venezuela)
     
     
337. Strymon istapa (or columella)  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:121) (MCA:47) (PE:14)
     Strymon istapa istapa  ______  subspecies from Texas, USA & Mexico to Argentina
     MALLOW SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southern US to Argentina, and in the West Indies)
     
     
     
     A Mallow Scrub-Hairstreak photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
338. Strymon ahrenholzi  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)
     
     
339. Strymon bubastus  ______  EC
     
     
340. Strymon cestri  ______  EC
     TAILLESS SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: southwest US to southern Brazil) 
     
     
341. Strymon daraba  ______  EC
     
     
342. Strymon gabatha  ______  EC
     GREAT SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to Peru) 
     
     
343. Strymon lucena  ______  EC
     
     
344. Stymon michelle  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)
     
     
345. Stymon serapio  ______  EC
     BROMELIAD SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil, as a stray north to south Texas)  
     
     
346. Stymon ziba  ______  BRse  EC
     ZIBA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil and Argentina) 
     
     
347. Strymon bazochii ______ AR  EC  (K:123) (MCA:47) (MM:207) (PE:15)
     Strymon bazochii bazochii  ______  ARne  EC  subspecies from south Texas and Mexico to Argentina
     LANTANA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK  (or Bazochii Hairstreak) 
     AR common name: Azul del Camara  ("Smaller Lantana Butterfly") (refers to one of the host plants, Lantana camara)
     (Range: south Texas to Paraguay & northeast Argentina, also Greater Antilles)
     
     
348. Strymon mulucha ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (MCA:47) (MM:208)
     MOTTLED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     AR common name: Frotadora Linea Blanca  (translates to "White Line Rubber", refers to the white hyphen on the forewings below)
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 
     
     
349. Strymon astiocha ______ ARne  BRse  (MCA:47) (MM:209)
     GRAY-SPOTTED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     AR: common name: Astiocha
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
350. Strymon eurytulus ______ ARne  CH  (MM:210)
     AR common name: Frotadora  (translates to "Rubber", referring to a peculiar behavior as this butterfly drinks) 
     CH common name: Licena Tornasol Comun 
     (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Chiloe, in woodlands, fields, and gardens)
     
     
351. Strymon crambusa  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de Atacama
     (Range: in Chile, along the Atacama coast near Caldera, where it is rare)
     
     
352. Strymon megarus ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:211)
     MEGARUS SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
     AR common name: Taladro de la Pina  ("Pineapple Drill", refers to the host plant) 
     (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)
     
     
     Genus TIMAETA   genus created in 1997
     
     
353. Timaeta balzabamba  ______  EC
     
     
354. There are 4 Timaeta sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 
     
     
     Genus RHAMMA   genus created in 1992
     
     
355. Rhamma commodus  ______  EC
     
     
356. Rhamma oxida  ______  EC
     
     
357. Rhamma tyrrius  ______  EC
     
     
358. Rhamma adunca  ______  EC
     
     
359. Rhamma hybla  ______  EC
     
     
360. Rhamma arria  ______  EC
     
     
361. There is a Rhamma sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus PHOTHECLA   genus created in 2004
     
     
362. Phothecla photismos  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus SALAZARIA  genus created in 2001
     
     
363. There are 4 Salazaria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus TEMECIA  genus created in 2004
     
     
364. Temecia tema  ______  EC  
     
     
     Genus PENAINCISALIA   genus created in 1990
     
     
365. Penaincisalia loxurina  ______  EC
     
     
366. Penaincisalia atymna  ______  EC
     
     
367. Penaincisalia browni  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)
     
     
368. Penaincisalia saraha  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)
     
     
369. Penaincisalia vittata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1992)
     
     
370. Penaincisalia purpurea  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)
     
     
371. Penaincisalia balzapampa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1992)
     
     
372. Penaincisalia bimediana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1990)
     
     
373. Penaincisalia amatista  ______  EC
     
     
374. Penaincisalia penai  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1990)
     
     
375. Penaincisalia alcaera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)
     
     
376. Penaincisalia sigsiga  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)
     
     
377. There are 6 Penaincisalia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus PODANOTUM    genus created in 1996
     
     
378. Podanotum melanissimum  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)
     
     
379. Podanotum clarissimus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)
     
     
380. There are 4 Podanotum sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.
     
     
     Genus BUSBIINA   genus created in 2004
     
     
381. Bisbiina borora  ______  EC
     
     
     
     Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES
     
     Very small butterflies, mostly blue above. Females of many are browner.
     
     
     Genus ITYLOS
     
     
382. Itylos titicaca  ______  CH
     DWARF BLUE
     CH common name:  Licena enana
     (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Antofagasta; also in Peru and Bolivia)
     
     Itylos titicaca is found in Astagalus milk vetch on the puna steppe, and in bofedales and Polylepis groves above 10,000 feet.
     
     
     Genus LEPTOTES
     
     In Ecuador, butterflies in the genera LEPTOTES and HEMIARGUS (below) can be common in open areas by the Coast (especially), and in the Amazon, cloud forests, and some Andean valleys.
     They are found pollinizing flowers or on wet soils.
     Host plants and in the legume families in Mimosaceae (Acacia spp., Prosopis spp.) and Fabaceae (Astralagus  spp., Medicago spp.)   
     
      
383. Leptotes andicola  ______  EC
     
     
384. Leptotes cassius  (ph)  ______  AR  BR  EC  (K:127) (MCA:55) (PE:16) (S:99) 
     Leptotes cassius cassius  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  (MM:215)  subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
     CASSIUS BLUE
     AR common name: Azul Litacea  
     (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)
     
     Males of Leptotes cassius are a light lilac-blue, females are mainly white.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photos of a Cassius Blue photographed during a FONT tour
     (photos by Marie Gardner)
     
     
385. Leptotes delalande  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
     
     
386. Leptotes marina  _____  EC  (EBE:140)
     MARINE BLUE
     
     
387. Leptotes parrhasioides  ______  EC  (endemic to the Galapagos Islands)
     
     
388. Leptotes trigemmatus  ______  CH
     TAMARUGO BLUE
     CH common name: Licena del Tamarugo
     (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Santiago)
     
     The larvae of Leptotes trigemmatus live in association with ants. The larvae feed on buds, flowers, and leaves, of Prosopis tamarugo, a tree cultivated for fodder in the Atacama Desert. These larvae are a major food source for the bird known as the Tamarugo Conebill.     
     
     
     Genus ZIZULA:  
     
     
389. Zizula cyna ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (F:279) (K:127) (MCA:55) (MM:213) (PE:15)
     CYNA BLUE
     AR common name: Miri  (a Guarani word meaning "small")
     (Range: south Texas to Argentina)
     
     Zizula cyna occurs in deserts and scrubby areas. It is one of the smallest butterflies. They sway from side to side when perched.
     
     
     Genus PSEUOLUCIA:  There are 21 species in this genus in Chile. They come in a broad range of colors, ranging from blue to brown to silver, often with orange, white, or brown patterns and an overlay of blue to silver iridescence. 
     Females and males differ in color or markings in most species.
     
     
390. Pseuolucia chilensis  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena Morena
     (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Santiago)
     
     
391. Pseuolucia collina  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena Celeste
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Nuble)
     
     Pseudolucia collina butterflies are often seen resting on the ground, or flying around flowers and shrubs in open areas in the foothills of the Andes.  
     
     
392. Pseudolucia lyrnessa  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena Confusa
     (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Biobio)
     
     
393. Pseudolucia aureliana  ______  CH
     AURELIAN BLUE
     (Range: in Chile, in the Atacama Mountains)
     
     Both males and females of the Aurelian Blue are a deep lustrous blue with checkered fringes. 
     The species is named for "the Aurelian", a short story in which Pilgrim, an ardent butterfly collector, is unable to fulfill his dream of journeying to the tropics.
     
     
394. Pseudolucia charlotte  ______  CH
     CHARLOTTE'S BLUE
     (Range: in Patagonian areas of Argentina & Chile)
     
     Pseudolucia charlotte is named for Lolita's mother, Charlotte.
     
     
395. Pseudolucia hazeorum  ______  CH
     CH common name: Licena de los Haze
     (Range: in Chile, in the Andes above 6,500 feet above sea level)
     
     
396. Pseudolucia whitakeri  ______  CH
     WHITAKER'S BLUE
     (Range: in Chile and Argentina in Patagonia) 
     
     
397. Pseudolucia zembla  ______  CH
     ZEMBLA BLUE
     (Range: in Chile, in the Andes)     
     
     
     Genus HEMIARGUS: Commonly called "eyed blues", these butterflies occur in both North & South America. 
     The common name is from 2 or 3 eye-spots on the undersides of the hindwings. 
     They breed on a wide variety of members of the pea family, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae and Fabaceae).
     
     Regarding these butterflies in Ecuador, see notes above under LEPTOTES.  
     
        
398. Hemiargus ceraunus  (or zachaeina) (ph)  ______  (EBE:140) (K:129) (MCA:55) (PE:15)
     CERAUNUS BLUE
     (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)
     
     Hemiargus ceraunus and the following species, Hemiargus hanno, may be conspecific.
     
     
     
     Ceraunus Blue
     (photo by Lisa Johnson)
     
     
399. Hemiargus hanno ______ AR  BR  EC  (EBE:7,140) 
     Hemiargus hanno hanno  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  (MM:214)  subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
     HANNO BLUE
     AR common name: Miri Manchada  ("Spotted Miri")  (the spots are on the hind wings below) 
     (Range: mainly South America, but exact range uncertain)
     
     
400. Hemiargus ramon  ______  EC  (occurs in the Galapagos Islands) 
     
     
     Genus ECHINARGUS   genus created in 1945
     
     
401. Echinargus martha  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
     Genus ELKALYCE
     
     
402. Elkalyce cogina  ______  BRse
     
     
     Genus NABOKOVIA   genus created in 1960
     
     
403. Nabokovia faga  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus MADELINEA   genus created in 1993
     
     
404. Madelinea koa  ______  EC
     
     
405. Madelinea nodo  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
     
     
406. Madelinea vokoban  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1995)
     
     
     
     Subfamilies EUSELASIINAE and RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS  
     named for the gold, silver, or copper-colored metallic scales on the wings of many of the species 
     
     Nearly 2,000 species are known, found mainly in the American tropics. 
     With individual species not being particularly common, they generally occur in tropical habitats from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, with the greatest area of speciation being the Amazonian region.
     
     Their range of shapes, markings, and coloring is such that sometimes they resemble LYCAENIDS, ITHOMIIDS, SATYRIDS, PIERIDS, HELICONIDS, and even some SKIPPERS and MOTHS.
     At other times they are so extravagantly or outrageously shaped and decorated as to be almost parodies of the whole Order of Lepidoptera! 
      
     Habitually, these butterflies land on the undersides of foliage, with their wings spread wide open. They are often secretive butterflies. As one is underneath a leaf, its antennae can be held forward, as its eyes peep out from the margin of the leaf, watching intently, and as it observes the human observer with deep suspicion.
     If the hopeful observer of the butterfly approaches deliberately and slowly, the butterfly may permit a closer encounter, but if there's too much familiarity, off it will go to the security of another leaf.
     
     There are, however, other RIODINIDS that will frolic openly from flower to flower, spreading their wings open in the bright sunshine, almost provocatively and seemingly conscious of their great beauty.
     Again, that is while yet others will retreat into the darkness of the dense forest, coming out only briefly to a sunlit spot, and then doing so in great haste.
     Some RIOINIDS like to run about on their legs once they settle on a flower or under a leaf. Others will "play dead" when taken out of the net.    
     
     Referring to both EUSELASIINE and RIODINIDAE as if one entity, the RIOINIDS are indeed a delightfully enigmatic group, being, as it has been said here, a grouping with prodigious variety.       
     
     
     Subfamily EUSELASIINAE
     
     
     Genus HADES: mostly South American metalmarks with rounded wings
     
        
407. Hades noctula ______  (DA:243) (DV2:1) (F:237) (MCA:59)
     WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)
     
     
408. Hades hecamede  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus METHONE
     
     
409. Methone cecilia ______  EC  (DA:242) (DV2:1)
     CECILIA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and the Amazon basin) 
     
     
     Genus EUSELASIA:  A large group of over 100 species of metalmarks in Central and South America. They often sexually dimorphic, and often have a pattern of lines and waves on their undersides.
     
     
410. Euselasia pellonia  ______
     Euselasia pellonia pellonia  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica, Peru
     RED-RIMMED EUSELASIA 
     
     
411. Euselasia bettina  ______  EC  (DV2:1)
     BLACK-TOPPED EUSELASIA
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
412. Euselasia eusepus  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
     EUSEPUS EUSELASIA  (or Tea-banded Sombermark)
     (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)
     
     
413. Euselasia chrysippe  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
     GOLDEN EUSELASIA  (or Golden Sombermark)
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
414. Euselasia regipennis  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
     Euselasia regipennis eupepla  ______  subspecies in Panama and Colombia
     PURPLE-TOPPED EUSELASIA  (or Purple-topped Sombermark)
     
     
415. Euselasia corduena  (ph)  ______  EC
     Euselasia corduena anadema  ______  (DV2:1)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
     STRIPED EUSELASIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
     
     Striped Euselasia
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
416. Euselasia labdacus ______  EC
     Euselasia labdacus reducta  ______  (DV2:2)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
     RED-BANDED EUSELASIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
417. Euselasia eucrates  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
     Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa  ______ (DV2:2)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela
     GODMAN'S EUSELASIA  (or Mousy Sombermark)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
418. Euselasia gyda  ______  EC  (DV2:2)
     PEARLY-VENTERED EUSELASIA    
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
419. Euselasia mys  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
     Euselasia mys mys  ______  subspecies from Belize to the Guianas and Amazonas
     VARIABLE EUSELASIA  (or Confused Sombermark)
     
     
420. Euselasia procula  ______  (MCA:57)
     ORANGE-COSTA EUSELASIA  (or Orange-costa Sombermark)
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
421. Euselasia hieronymi  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
     Euselasia hieronymi bianala  ______  EC  subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
     RED-RAYED EUSELASIA   (or Red-rayed Sombermark)
     
     
422. Euselasia midas  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
     MIDAS EUSELASIA  
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and Brazil) 
     
     
423. Euselasia euoras  ______  EC  (DV2: text)
     PURPLE-WASHED EUSELASIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and Brazil)
     
     
424. Euselasia aurantiaca ______ (DV2:3) (MCA:56)
     FIERY EUSELASIA  (or Fiery Sombermark)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 
     
     
425. Euselasia eurypus (or angulata)  ______  (DV2:3)
     STUB-TAILED EUSELASIA 
     (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
426. Euselasia onorata  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
     WHITEWASHED EUSELASIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
427. Euselasia subargentea  ______  (MCA:57)
     GREAT EUSELASIA  (or Orange-spotted Sombermark)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
428. Euselasia euboea  ______  BR
     Euselasia euboea euboea  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil
     Euselasia euboea pasoula  ______  (DA:241)  subspecies described in 2004, in French Guiana
     
     
429. Euselasia euriteus  ______  BR  (DA:241)  in Brazil, Peru 
     
     
430. Euselasia thucydides  ______  BR
     Euselasia thucydides thucydides  ______  BR  subspecies in eastern Brazil, from Bahia south to Santa Catarina
     Euselasia thucydides truncata  ______  BR  (DA:242)  subspecies in Brazil from the planalto in Goias east to Brasilia and Serra do Cipo in Minas Gerais, subspecies described in 2001
     
     Males of Euselasia thucydides, as well as others in the genus, perch during the early morning on sunlit margins of gallery forests, resting under the leaves about 3 feet above the ground with their wings folded.
     They fly rapidly, chasing each other, and then return to their perches.  
     
     
431. Euselasia alcmena  ______  EC
     
     
432. Euselasia andreae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
     
     
433. Euselasia angulata  ______  EC
     
     
434. Euselasia archelaus  ______  EC
     
     
435. Euselasia argentea  ______  EC
     
     
436. Euselasia athena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
437. Euselasia cafusa  ______  EC
     
     
438. Euselasia chinguala  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
     
     
439. Eurselasia cyanofusa  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
     
     
440. Euselasia effima  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
441. Euselasia ella  ______  EC
     
     
442. Euselasia erythraea  ______  EC  (DA:241)  in Ecuador, Peru 
     
     
443. Eureslasia eulione  ______  EC
     
     
444. Euselasia eumedia  ______  EC
     
     
445. Euselasia eumenes  ______  EC
     
     
446. Euselasia euphaes  ______  EC
     
     
447. Euselasia eurymachus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
448. Euselasia euryone  ______  EC
     
     
449. Euselasia eutychus  ______  EC
     
     
450. Euselasia fabia  ______  EC 
     
     
451. Euselasia fervida  ______  EC
     
     
452. Euselasia illarina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
     
     
453. Euselasia issoria  ______  BR  EC  (DA:241)  in Brazil and Ecuador  
     
     
454. Euselasia jigginsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
     
     
455. Euselasia kartopus  ______  EC
     
     
456. Euselasia mapatayana  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
     
     
457. Euselasia opalescens  ______  EC
     
     
458. Euselasia orba  ______  EC
     
     
459. Euselasia orfita  ______  EC  (DA:241)  in Ecuador
     
     
460. Euselasia nauca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)  
     
     
461. Euselasia palla  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 
     
     
462. Euselasia perisama  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
     
     
463. Euselasia pillaca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
     
     
464. Euselasia praeclara  ______  EC  (DA:242)   in Ecuador and Peru
     
     
465. Euselasia rhodogyne  ______  EC
     
     
466. Euselasia teleclus  ______  EC
     
     
467. Euselasia zena  ______  EC
     
     
468. Euselasia hygenius  ______
     Euselasia hygenius occulta ______ ARne  (MM:216)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
     AR common name: Simuladora  (translates to "Pretender", referring to the similarity with some SATYRINAE)
     
     
469. Euselasia utica ______ ARne  (MM:217)
     AR common name: Nemi Naranja  (translates to "Orange Nemi", Nemi is a Guarani word meaning hidden. The butterfly rests on the underside of leaves, with wings folded.) 
     
     
470. Euselasia eugeon ______ ARne  (MM:218)
     AR common name: Patas Amarillas  (translates to "Yellow Legs")
     
     
     TRUE METALMARKS 
     
     Subfamily RIOININAE, Tribe HELICOPINI
     
     
     Genus HELICOPIS
     
     
471. Helicopis cupido  ______  BR  EC  (DA:243) (EBE:191)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
     SPANGLED CUPID
     
     Helicopis cupido occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador; also Trinidad.
     There are 9 named subspecies.
     It occurs in primary rainforest, between 600 and 2,400 feet above sea level, most often in wet areas, by and in marshes, and at the edge of lagoons.
     
     
472. Helicopis gnidus  ______  BR  (DA:243)
     GNIDUS METALMARK
     
     Helicopis gnidus occurs in Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, Peru. There are 7 named subspecies.
     
     
473. Helicopis endymiaena  ______
     
     
     Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI   
     
     
     Genus PEROPHTHALMA
     
     
474. Perophthalma tullius  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
     TULLIUS METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
475. Perophthalma lasciva  ______
     (Range: Colombia)
     
     
     Genus LEUCOCHIMONA
     
     
476. Leucochimona vestalis  ______  EC  (DV2:4) (MCA:58)
     VESTALIS METALAMRK  (or White Eyemark)
     (Range: Guatemala to Ecuador) 
     
     
477. Leucochimona lagora  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
     LAGORA METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador and the Guianas)
     
     
478. Leucochimona aequatorialis  ______  EC
     
     
479. Leucochimona icare  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus MESOSEMIA:  EYEMARKS  
     
     About 120 species in mostly South America, characterized by quite prominent eye-spots on the forewing, giving a face-like appearance. Unusual for butterflies, they tend to hop through vegetation rather than fly.
     About 40 species occur in Ecuador.
     
     The genus MESOSEMIA, and the closely related SEMOMESIA are also said to be in the tribe RIODININI (below, in this list). 
     
     
     
     A butterfly in the Mesosemia genus in northern South America
     (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)
     
     
480. Mesosemia coelestis  ______
     PALE-BLUE EYED-METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 
     
     
481. Mesosemia hesperina  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
     HESPERINA EYED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
482. Mesosemia zonalis  ______
     WHITENED EYED-METALMARK 
     (Range: Honduras to Colombia)
     
     
483. Mesosemia cecropia  ______
     SPYING EYED-METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
484. Mesosemia hypermegala  ______
     HIDING EYED-METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
485. Mesosemia telegone  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
     VIOLET-WASHED EYED-METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Peru)   
     
     
486. Mesosemia lamachus (or tertica)  ______  EC  (MCA:58)
     PURPLE-WASHED EYED-METALMARK  (or Purple-washed Eyemark)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
487. Mesosemia pacifica  ______  in Colombia
     STICHEL'S EYEMARK
     
     
488. Mesosemia asa  ______
     Mesosemia asa asopis  ______  subspecies in Panama and Colombia
     DEEP-BLUE EYED-METALMARK
     
     
489. Mesosemia grandis  ______  (DA:244)  in Colombia
     
     
490. Mesosemia adida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
491. Mesosemia ahava  ______  EC
     
     
492. Mesosemia anceps  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
     
     
493. Mesosemia antaerice  ______  EC
     
     
494. Mesosemia asa  ______  EC
     
     
495. Mesosemia cyanira  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
496. Mesosemia epidius  ______  EC
     
     
497. Mesosemia erinnya  ______  EC
     
     
498. Mesosemia eumene  ______  EC
     
     
499. Mesosemia gneris  ______  EC
     
     
500. Mesosemia ibycus  ______  EC
     
     
501. Mesosemia latizonata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
502. Mesosemia judicialis  ______  EC
     
     
503. Mesosemia loruhama  ______  EC  (DA:245)
     LORUHAMA EYEMARK
     (Range: Colombia to Bolivia)
     
     
504. Mesosemia macella  ______  EC
     
     
505. Mesosemia machaera  ______  EC
     
     
506. Mesosemia macrina  ______  EC
     
     
507. Mesosemia mamilia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
508. Mesosemia mancia  ______  EC  (EBE:187)  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
509. Mesosemia mehida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
510. Mesosemia melpia  ______  EC
     
     
511. Mesosemia mesoba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
512. Mesosemia messeis  ______  EC
     
     
513. Mesosemia metope  ______  EC
     
     
514. Mesosemia metuana  (ph)  ______  EC
     
     
     
     Mesosemia metuana
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
515. Mesosemia mevania  (ph)  ______  EC
     
     
     
     Mesosemia mevania
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
516. Mesosemia naiadella  ______  EC
     
     
517. Mesosemia ozora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
     
     
518. Mesosemia philocles  ______  BR  EC  (DA:244)  in Brazil  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
     
     
519. Mesosemia reba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 
     
     
520. Mesosemia sibyllina  ______  EC
     
     
521. Mesosemia sifia  ______  EC
     
     
522. Mesosemia tenebricosa  ______  EC
     
     
523. Mesosemia ulrica  ______  EC
     
     
524. Mesosemia zanoa  ______  EC
     
     
525. Mesosemia zikla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
526. Mesosemia zorea  ______  EC
     
     
527. Mesosemia odice ______ ARne  (MM:219)
     AR common name: Ojitos  (translates to "Little Eyes")
     
     
     Genus SEMOMESIA:  EYEMARKS 
     
     
528. Semomesia capanaea  ______  (DA:244)  in French Guiana
     
     
529. Semomesia croesus  ______  BRmg  in Mato Grosso, Brazil
     CROESUS EYEMARK
     
     
     Genus MESOPHTHALMA
     
     
530. Mesophthalma idotea  ______  (DA:244)  in Colombia
     
     
     Genus HYPHILARIA
     
     
531. Hyphilaria thasus (or subrutila)  ______
     THASUS METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, Paraguay, and southern Brazil)
     
     
532. Hyphilaria parthenis  ______  BR  EC  (DA:244)   
     FIRE-BANDED METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas, Bolivia, and southern Brazil) 
     
     
533. Hyphilaria anthias  ______  EC   
     
     
534. Hyphilaria anophthalma  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus NAPAEA
     
     
535. Napaea heteroea  ______
     BLUE-WASHED METALMARK
     (Range: Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, to Amazonas and southern Peru)
     
     
536. Napaea actoris  ______
     ACTORIS METALMARK
     (Range: central & southern Amazonas, far southeastern Peru, Bolivia)
     
     
537. Napaea beltiana (or malis, or aza)  ______  EC  (MCA:60)
     CLOUDED METALMARK  (or Belted Metalmark) 
     (Range: southern Mexico to Amazonas and Bolivia)
     
     
538. Napaea rufolimba  ______
     RED-MARGINED METALMARK
     (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     
539. Napaea eucharila  ______  EC  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
     WHITE-STITCHED METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)
     
     
540. Napaea theages  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
     (Range; Nicaragua to Ecuador) 
     
     
541. Napaea merula  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
542. Napaea neildi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
     
     
543. Napaea nepos  ______  EC
     
     
544. Napaea umbra  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus VOLTINIA
     
     
545. Voltinia theata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
     BLUE-BANDED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     
     
546. Voltinia radiata  ______  
     WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
     
     
547. Voltinia (formerly Napaea) umbra  ______  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
     QUILTED METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus HERMATHENA
     
     
548. Hermathena ebuma (or oweni)  ______  (MCA:75)  
     WHITE METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America)
     
     
549. Hermathena candidata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ITHOMIOLA
     
     
550. Ithomiola floralis  ______  EC  (DA:245)
     Ithomiola floralis celtilla  ______  subspecies from eastern Panama to Bolivia
     CLEARWING METALMARK
     
     
551. Ithomiola theages  ______  (MCA:60)
     Ithomiola theages theages  ______  subspecies from Costa Rica to northwest Ecuador
     WHITE-SPOTTED METALMARK
     
     
552. Ithomiola cribralis  ______  
     CLOUD-SPOTTED METALMARK
     (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador) 
     
     
553. Ithomiola cascella  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Peru
     
     
554. Ithomiola celtilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
555. Ithomiola callixena  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Ecuador
     
     
556. Ithomiola buckleyi  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 
     
     
     Genus CREMNA
     
     
557. Cremna thasus  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
558. Cremna actoris  ______  EC
     
     
559. Cremna calitra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
560. Cremna heteroea  ______  EC
     
     
     Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI
     
     
     Genus ALESA
     
     
561. Alesa amesis  ______  BR  EC  in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil
     
     
562. Alesa fournierae  ______  BR  in Brazil  (species described in 1958)
     
     
563. Alesa hemiurga  ______  BR  in Brazil
     HEMBURGA METALMARK
     
     
564. Alesa lipara  ______  BR  in Brazil
     LIPARA METALMARK
     
     
565. Alesa prema  ______  BR  (DA:245)  in Brazil, the Guianas 
     PREMA METALMARK
     
     The male of Alesa prema is a magnificent emerald-green. In another light of a deep blue reflection, it is with black markings.
     
     
566. Alesa rothschildi  ______  in the Guianas
     
     
567. Alesa telephae  ______  BR  in the Guianas and Brazil
     
     
568. Alesa thelydrias  ______  BR  in Brazil   
     
     
     Genus EURYBIA:  dark-colored Neotropical metalmarks with a conspicuous eye-spot on the forewing.
     
     
569. Eurybia cyclopia  ______  EC
     Eurybia cyclopia cyclopia  ______  EC  subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador
     FIRE-BORDERED EURYBIA  
     
     
570. Eurybia caerulescens ______  EC  (DV2:6)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela and Ecuador) 
     
     
571. Eurybia lycisia ______  EC  (DV2:6) (F:234) (MCA:59)
     BLUE-WINGED EURYBIA  (or Blue-winged Sheenmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)
     
     The distinctive feature of Eurybia lycisia is the iridescent blue hindwing edged in black.
     
     
572. Eurybia unxia ______ (DV2:6)
     AZURE-WINGED EURYBIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  
     
     
573. Eurybia elvina  ______  EC  (DV2:6) (MCA:59)
     BLIND EURYBIA  (or Blind Sheenmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
574. Eurybia dardus  ______  EC
     
     
575. Eurybia donna  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Colombia, Ecuador
     
     
576. Eurybia franciscana  ______  EC
     
     
577. Eurybia halimede  ______  EC
     
     
578. Eurybia jemima  ______  EC
     
     
579. Eurybia juturna  ______  EC
     
     
580. Eurybia latifasciata  ______  EC
     
     
581. Eurybia molochina  ______  EC
     
     
582. Eurybia nicaeus  ______  EC
     
     
583. Eurybia patrona  ______  EC
     
     
584. Eurybia tephrias ______ ARne  (MM:221)
     AR common name: Goteada  (translates to "Dripped", referring to the butterfly's white spots) 
     
     
     Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI
     
     
     Genus NECYRIA
     
     
585. Necyria bellona  (ph)  ______  EC
     Necyria bellona juturna  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     Necyria bellona manco  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Necyria bellona saundersii  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Necyria bellona zaneta  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador
     Necyria bellona westwoodii  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Necyria bellona whitelyiana  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Necyria bellona bellona  ______  (DA:246)   subspecies in Bolivia 
     
     
     
     Necyria bellona
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
586. Necyria duellona  ______  EC
     Necyria duellona diva  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     Necyria duellona duellona  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador    
     
     
     Genus CYRENIA
     
     
587. Cyrenia martia  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
     Cyrenia martia martia  ______   subspecies in Amazonas
     RED-SPOTTED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus LYPOTERYX: Some 23 species of metalmarks in Central & South America.
     
     
     
     A species in the Lypoteryx genus
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
588. Lyroteryx lyra  ______  EC  (DA:246) (DV2:7) (F:252) (MCA:59)
     LYRA METALMARK  (or Cherry-bordered Metalmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil) 
     
     Lyroteryx lyra is one of the larger metalmarks. 
     
     
589. Lyroteryx apollonia  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CHORINEA
     
     
590. Chorinea bogota  ______  (MCA:61)
     NORTHERN CHORINEA  (or Northern Clearmark)
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
591. Chorinea octauius  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)  
     
     
592. Chorinea faunus  ______  (DA:248)  in Colombia
     
     
593. Chorinea amazon  ______  BRam  EC  (DA:248)  in western Amazonas in Brazil, and in Ecuador
     
     
594. Chorinea batesii  ______  EC
     
     
595. Chorinea gratiosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
596. Chorinea sylphina  (ph)  ______  EC  (DA:248)  in Peru
     SYLPHINA ANGEL
     
     
     
     Sulphina Angel
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
597. Chorinea heliconides  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:224)
     AR common name: Puntilla Negra  (translates to "Black Lace")
     
     
     Genus ITHOMEIS
     
     
598. Ithomeis eulema  ______  (DA:249) (DV2:7)
     NORTHERN MIMIC-METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
599. Ithomeis aurantiaca  ______  EC 
     
     
600. Ithomeis heliconia  ______  BRam  (DA:249)  in Amazonas, Brazil
     
     
     Genus THEMONE
     
     
601. Themone pais  ______  BR  (DA:249)  in the Guianas and Brazil
     
     
     Genus MONETHE
     
     
602. Monethe albertus  ______  BRmg  EC
     Monethe albertus rudolphus  ______  (DA:249) (DV2:7)  subspecies from Honduras to Colombia 
     YELLOW-PATCHED METALMARK  ("the Alberta Clipper")
     (Range: Honduras to Guyana)  
     
     
     Genus NOTHEME
     
     
603. Notheme erota  (ph)  ______  AR  EC
     Notheme erota diadema ______ (DV2:7) (MCA:61) subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
     Notheme erota angelius ______ ARne  (MM:225)  subspecies in northeast Argentina
     EROTA METALMARK  (or Two-oranges Metalmark) 
     AR common name: Redondita (translates to "Small Round")
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 
     
     
     
     Erota Metalmark
     (photo by Jorge Bizarro)
     
     
     Genus ANCYLURIS: Mostly South American, up to 20 species.
     
     Many are black with contrasting red or white bands on the upperwings.  
     
     
604. Ancyluris aulestes  (ph)  ______  BRmg  EC
     AULESTES SWORDTAIL
     
     
     
     Aulestes Swordtail, Ancyluris aulestes
     (copyrighted photo by Sherry Nelson)  
     
     
605. Ancyluris colubra  ______  EC
     
     
606. Ancyluris formosissima  ______  EC  (DA:247)  in Ecuador and Peru
     
     
607. Ancyluris inca  ______  EC
     
     
608. Ancyluris jurgensenii  ______  EC
     
     
609. Ancyluris meliboeus  ______  EC
     
     
610. Ancyluris mira  ______  EC
     
     
611. Ancyluris paramba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)   
     
     
612. Ancyluris endaemon  ______  (DA:246)  in Peru
     
     
613. Ancyluris miranda  ______  (DA:247)
     Ancyluris miranda xanthozona  ______  (DA:247)
     
     
614. Ancyluris tedea ______ ARne  EC  (MM:222)
     AR common name: Cinta Roja  (translates to "Red Ribbon") 
     
     In the book "Butterflies of Misiones", published in 2003: it was the first mention of the species in Argentina. 
     
     
     Genus RHETUS: 4 mostly South American species with long hindwings. 
     
     
615. Rhetus dysonii  (ph)  ______  EC
     Rhetus dysonii caligosus  ______  (DV2:8)   subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia 
     Rhetus dysonii dysonii  ______      subspecies in Venezuela
     Rhetus dysonii psecas  ______   subspecies in Bolivia  
     DYSON'S METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
     
     Above & below: the Dyson's Metalmark
     (photos by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     
     
     
616. Rhetus arcius  ______  BR  EC  (DA:248) (DV2:8) (F:268) (MCA:61)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
     Rhetus arctus pacificus  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Rhetus arctus angustifascia  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador
     Rhetus arctus amycus  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil   
     LONG-TAILED METALMARK  (or Sword-tailed Beautymark)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil) 
     
     
617. Rhetus periander  (ph)  ______  AR  BRse  EC  (DV2:8) (EBE:189) (MCA:61)
     Rhetus periander laonome  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Rhetus periander periander  ______   subspecies in Suriname
     Rhetus periander arthuriana  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Rhetus periander eleusinus ______ ARne  BR  (MM:223)  subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina 
     PERIANDER METALMARK  (or Periander Swordtail, or Variable Beautymark)   
     AR common name: Eleusinian  (re the name: Eleusinian inhabited Eleusis, an Attica port northwest of Athens) 
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  
     
      
     
     Periander Metalmark, or Swordtail
     
     
     Genus PHELES
     
     
618. Pheles (formerly Lepricornis) strigosa  ______  EC  (MCA:70)
     Pheles strigosa strigosa  ______  (DV2:8)   subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     STRIGOSA METALMARK  (or Four-spotted Mimicmark)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
619. Pheles incerta  ______  EC
     INCERTA METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Peru)
     
     
620. Pheles ochracea  ______
     OCHRACEA METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela) 
     
     
621. Pheles heliconides  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus SYRMATIA: Mostly South American metalmarks, having an unmistakable shape with incredibly long, drawn-out hindwings.
     
       
622. Syrmatia nyx  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
     SPOTTED TAILWING
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
623. Syrmatia aethiops  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
     WHITE-TIPPED TAILWING
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus CHAMAELIMNAS 
     
     
624. Chamaelimnas villagomes  ______  (DV2:9)
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America) 
     
     
625. Chamelimnas briola  ______  EC
     
     
626. Chamelimnas tircis  ______  BRmg
     TIRCIS METALMARK
     
     
     Genus EXOPLISIA 
     
     
627. Exoplisia cadmeis  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:70)
     CADMEIS METALMARK  (or Semi-checked Metalmark)
     (Range: Honduras to Peru)
     
     
628. Exoplisia hypochalbe  ______  EC
     Exoplisia hypochalbe hypochalbe  ______  (DV2:9)   subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     MANY-BANDED METALMARK 
     (Range: Mexico to Peru & Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus ISAPIS
     
     
629. Isapis agyrtus  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:62)
     YELLOW-BASED METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus BRACHYGLENIS
     
     
630. Brachyglenis esthema  ______  EC
     Brachyglenis esthema esthema  ______  (DV2:25)   subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
     WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
631. Brachyglenis dinora  ______
     DINORA METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
632. Brachyglenis colaxes  ______   (DA:249)  in Colombia
     
     
633. Brachyglenis drymo  ______  (DA:249)  in southern Brazil
     
     
     Genus MELANIS :  called "Mulattos" in Argentina
     
     
634. Melanis pixe  ______  EC  (C:327) (K:151) (MCA:59) (PE:17)
     Melanis pixe sanguinea  ______  (DV2:9)   subspecies from Honduras to Colombia
     Melanis pixe corvina  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     RED-BORDERED PIXIE  (or PIXIE)
     (Range: Texas in the lower Rio Grande valley to Brazil) 
     
     
635. Melanis electron  ______  BR  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:59) 
     Melanis electron electron  ______   subspecies in French Guiana
     Melanis electron herellus  ______   subspecies in Curacao
     Melanis electron pronostriga  ______  BR   subspecies in Colombia, Brazil
     Melanis electron rabuscula  ______  BR   subspecies in Peru, Brazil
     Melanis electron auriferax  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis electron epijarbas  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     ORANGE-BARRED PIXIE
     (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)  
     
     
636. Melanis marathon  ______  BR  EC
     Melanis marathon marathon  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     Melanis marathon assimulata  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Melanis marathon stenotaenia  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Melanis marathon charon  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil 
     
     
637. Melanis melandra  ______  in Surinam
     
     
638. Melanis hodia  ______  in Venezuela
     
     
639. Melanis cinaron  ______  EC  in Ecuador and Colombia
     
     
640. Melanis passiena  ______  EC  in Ecuador and Colombia
     
     
641. Melanis vidali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
642. Melanis leucophlegma  (ph)  ______  in Peru
     
     
     
     Melanis leucophlegma
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
643. Melanis hillapana  ______  BR
     Melanis hillapana hillipana  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Melanis hillapana cratippa  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis hillapana corinna  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952
     
     
644. Melanis cercopes  ______  in Bolivia
     
     
645. Melanis alena  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
646. Melanis boyi  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
647. Melanis herminae  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
648. Melanis lycea  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
649. Melanis lioba  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
650. Melanis melaniae  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
651. Melanis opites  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
652. Melanis seleukia  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
653. Melanis unxia  ______  BR
     Melanis unxia unxia  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis unixia ludmila  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952 
     (Range: Brazil)
     
     
654. Melanis volusia  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
655. Melanis yeda  ______  BR  in Brazil  (species described in 1952)
     
     
656. Melanis xenia  ______  AR  BR
     Melanis xenia ambryllis  ______  subspecies in Bolivia
     Melanis xenia xenia  ______  ARne  BR  (MM:234)  subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina 
     AR common name: Mulata Dentada  (translates to "Toothed Mulatto", with "toothed" refers to the irregular bands on the dorsal surface)  
     
     
657. Melanis smithiae  ______  AR  BR  EC
     Melanis smithiae xarifa  ______  subspecies in Venezuela
     Melanis smithiae smithiae  ______  ARne  BR  (MM:235)  subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina
     AR common name: Mulata Puntas Naranja  (translates to "Orange-tipped Mulatto")
     
     
658. Melanis aegates  ______  AR  BR
     Melanis aegates melliplaga  ______   subspecies in the Guianas
     Melanis aegates aegates  ______   subspecies in Bolivia
     Melanis aegates araguaya  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis aegates lilybaeus  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis aegates limbrata  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Melanis aegates albugo  ______   subspecies in Paraguay
     Melanis aegates cretiplaga ______ ARne  (MM:236)  subspecies in Argentina
     AR common name: Mulata Mancha Blanca  (translates to "White-spotted Mulatto")
     
     
     Genus SISEME
     
     
659. Siseme neurodes  (ph)  ______  EC
     Siseme neurodes neurodes  ______  EC   subspecies in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
     Siseme neurodes caudalis  ______   subspecies in Peru
     
     
     
     Siseme neurodes
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
660. Siseme alectryo  ______  EC
     Siseme alectryo alecttryo  ______   subspecies in Colombia 
     Siseme alectryo lucilius  ______   subspecies in Peru and Bolivia
     Siseme alectryo spectanda  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador
     Siseme alectryo tantilla  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     
     
661. Siseme aristoteles  ______  EC
     Siseme aristoteles aristoteles  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Siseme aristoteles leucodesma  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Siseme aristoteles minerva  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Siseme aristoteles ochrotaenia  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador
     Siseme aristoteles sprucei  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador 
     
     
662. Siseme pallas  ______  EC
     Siseme pallas pallas  ______   subspecies in Colombia
     Siseme pallas defasciata  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Siseme pallas xanthogramma  ______   subspecies in Peru
     
     
663. Siseme pedias  ______  in Colombia
     
     
664. Siseme peculiaris  ______  in Peru
     
     
665. Siseme militaris  ______  in Peru
     
     
666. Siseme pseudopallas  ______   
     Siseme pseudopallas pseudopallas  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Siseme pseudopallas hellotis  ______   subspecies in Peru
     
     
667. Siseme atrytone  ______
     (Range: Bolivia)
     
     
     Genus CHALODETA
     
     
668. Chalodeta chaonitis  (ph)  ______  EC  (CV2:15) (MCA:65)
     ORANGE-STITCHED METALMARK  (or Stained Scintillant)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)  
     
     
     
     Orange-stitched Metalmark
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
669. Chalodeta lypera  ______  EC  (DV2:15)
     GREEN-STITCHED METALMARK
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
670. Chalodeta theodora  (ph)  ______  AR  EC
     Chalodeta theodora theodora ______ ARne  (MM:231)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
     THEODORA METALMARK
     AR common name: Lineas Brilliantes  (translates to "Shiny Lines")
     
     
     
     Theodora Metalmark
     (photo by Sherry Nelson) 
     
     
671. Chalodeta pescada  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
     (Range: Ecuador)
     
     
672. Chalodeta chelonis  ______
     (Range: Brazil)
     
     
673. Chalodeta chlosine  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)
     
     
674. Chalodeta chitinosa  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)
     
     
     Genus METACHARIS
     
     
675. Metacharis victrix  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
     VICTRIX METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador)
     
     
676. Metacharis umbrata  ______  (DV2:25)
     SHADOWED METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 
     
     
677. Metacharis syloes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     CONFUSED METALMARK
     
     
678. Metacharis cuparina  ______  EC
     
     
679. Metacharis lucius  ______  EC
     
     
680. Metacharis nigrella  ______  EC
     
     
681. Metacharis regalis  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CARIOMOTHIS
     
     
682. Cariomothis poeciloptera  ______
     FIERY METALMARK
     (Range: Panama and Colombia) 
     
     
683. Cariomothis erythromelas  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus ESTHEMOPSIS: About 15 species of metalmark butterflies, mostly in South America.
     
     
684. Esthemopsis clonia  ______  (MCA:70)
     CLONIA METALMARK  (another name is Common Redhead)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
685. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______
     Esthemopsis colaxes colaxes  ______ (DV2:10)  subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
     CLOAXES METALMARK 
     
     
     Genus BARBICORNIS
     
     
686. Barbicornis basilis  ______  AR  BR  (DA:250)  in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina
     Barbicornis basilis acroleuca  _____  (DA:250)  subspecies in Paraguay
     Barbicornis basilis bahiana  ______  BR  subspecies described in 1978, in Bahia, Brazil
     Barbicornis basilis basilis  ______  BR  subspecies in Paraguay and in Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and Espiritu Santo
     Barbicornis basilis ephippium  ______  BR  subspecies in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
     Barbicornis basilis marginata  ______  BR  (DA:250)  subspecies in Bahia, Brazil
     Barbicornis basilis mona  ______  BR  subspecies in Paraguay and Brazil in Espiritu Santo
     Barbicornis basilis paraopeba  ______  BR  subspecies described in 1978, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
     Barbicornis basilis tucumana  ______  AR  subspecies in Argentina  
     
     Barbicornis basilis drink early in the morning from wet stones and wet places on roads or tracks, and rest in teh day-time beneath leaves.
     
     
     Genus CARTEA
     
     
687. Cartea tapajona  ______  BRam  (DA:250)  in Amazonas, Brazil
     
     
     Genus CARIA
     
     
688. Caria rhacotis  ______  EC  (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
     HONDURAN METALMARK  (or Hackberry Greenmark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)
     
     
689. Caria mantinea  ______  EC
     Caria mantinea amazonica  ______  BRam  (DA:250)  in Amazonian Brazil
     Caria mantinea boliviana  ______  (DA:250)  in Bolivia
     Caria mantinea lampeto ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66)  subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
     Caria mantinea mantinea  ______  subspecies in Peru
     LAMPETO METALMARK  (or Brilliant Greenmark)
     
     
690. Caria domitianus ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
     SMALL-PATCHED METALMARK  (or Small-patched Greenmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 
     
     
691. Caria trochilus  ______  BRmg
     Caria trochilus trochilus  ______   subspecies in Guyana 
     Caria trochilus arete  ______   subspecies in Peru
     TROCHILUS METALMARK
     
     
692. Caria chrysame  (ph)  ______
     Caria chrysame chrysame  ______  subspecies in Bolivia
     Caria chrysame psittacus  ______   subspecies in Peru
     
     
     
     Caria chrysame
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
693. There is a Caria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.   
     
     
694. Caria sponsa  ______  in Peru
     
     
695. Caria tabrenthia  ______  in Peru
     
     
696. Caria castalia  ______  in Peru  
     
     
697. Caria marsyas (formerly castalia marsyas) ______ ARne  (MM:232)   
     AR common name: Brillantina  (translates to Brilliant, referring to its brilliant green coloration) 
     (Range: Brazil, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina) 
     
     
698. Caria plutargus  ______  AR  BR
     Caria plutargus amazonica  ______  BRam  subspecies in Amazonian Brazil
     Caria plutargus plutargus  ______ ARne  (MM:233)
     AR common name: Brillantina y Naranja  (translates to Brilliant and Orange, with its orange spots)
     
     
     Genus CROCOZONA
     
     
699. Crocozona coecias  (ph)  ______  BR  EC
     Crocozona coecias arcuata  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     Crocozona coecias coecias  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil 
     
     
     
     Crocozona coecias
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
700. Crocozona fasciata  ______
     Crocozona fasciata faciata  ______   subspecies in Peru
     Crocozona fasciata clusia  ______   subspecies in Bolivia 
     
     
701. Crocozona pheretima  ______  in Colombia
     
     
702. Crocozona croceifasciata  ______  BR  (species described in 1952)
     (Range: Brazil)
     
     
     Genus BAEOTIS
     
     
703. Baeotis nesaea  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
     NESAEA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)
     
     
704. Baeotis zonata  ______  EC
     Baeotis zonata zonata ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:63)  subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela
     Baeotis zonata dryades  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador)
     BUMBLEBEE METALMARK  (or Square-spotted Yellowmark)
     
     
705. Baeotis macularia (or sulphurea)  ______  (DV2:10) (MCA:63)
     SULPHUR METALMARK  (or Polka-dotted Yellowmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 
     
     
706. Baeotis barce  ______
     Baeotis barce barce  ______  subspecies from Mexico to Honduras
     Baeotis barce corentyna  ______  subspecies in Guyana, described in 1998
     BARCE METALMARK  
     
     
707. Baeotis bacaenis  (ph)  ______  EC
     (Range: in Ecuador and Peru)
     
     
     
     Baeotis bacaenis
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
708. Baeotis felix  ______  EC
     Baeotis felix felicissima  ______  EC  subspecies in Ecuador
     Baeotis felix felix  ______  subspecies in Bolivia 
     
     
709. Baeotis attali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
     (Range: in Ecuador) 
     
     
710. Baeotis sulphurea  ______  EC   
     
     
711. Baeotis elegantula  ______  in Peru
     
     
712. Baeotis bacaenita  ______  in Peru
     
     
713. Baeotis staudingeri  ______  in Peru  (species described in 1994)   
     
     
714. Baeotis creusis  ______  in Bolivia
     
     
715. Baeotis melanis  ______  BR  in Brazil
     
     
716. Baeotis euprepes  ______  BR
     Baeotis euprepes euprepes  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil
     Baeotis euprepes obscurior  ______   subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998
     Baeotis euprepes orthotaenia  ______  subspecies in Bolivia
     
     
717. Baeotis prima  ______  BR
     Baeotis prima prima  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil
     Baeotis prima nigricans  ______   subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998
     
     
718. Baeotis choroniensis  ______  in Venezuela  (species described in 1946)
     
     
719. Baeotis kadenii  ______  in Venezuela
     
     
720. Baeotis capreolus  ______  BR
     Baeotis capreolus capreolus  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     Baeotis capreolus robini  ______  subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1995
     
     
721. Baeotis johannae  ______
     Baeotis johannae johannae  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     Baeotis johannae cearaica  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil
     
     
722. Baeotis cephissa  ______  BR  EC
     (Range: in Brazil and Ecuador)  
     
     
     Genus LASAIA
     
     
723. Lasaia meris  ______  EC  (MCA:68,69)
     VARIEGATED LASAIA  (or Variegated Bluemark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
724. Lasaia pseudomeris  ______  EC  (DV2:16)  (species described in 1972)
     CLENCH'S LASAIA
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru)
     
     
725. Lasaia oileus  ______  EC  (DV2:16) (MCA:68,69)
     OILY LASAIA  (or Dark Bluemark)
     (Range: Belize to the Guianas, Brazil, and Paraguay, also Trinidad)
     
     
726. Lasaia agesilas  ______  AR  BRmg  EC  (MCA:68,69)
     Lasaia agesilas agesilas (including former esmeralda)   ______  ARne  (MM:229)  subspecies from southern Costa Rica to Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina
     Lasaia agesilas narses  ______  (DA:250)  subspecies in Colombia
     SHINING-BLUE LASAIA  (or Black-patched Bluemark)
     AR common name: Hovy  (the name is a Guarani word referring to the males coloring)
     
     
727. Lasaia cutisca  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
     (Range: Ecuador)
     
     
728. Lasaia moeros  (ph)  ______  EC
     (Range: in Ecuador and Peru)
     
     
     
     Lasaia moeros
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
729. Lasaia incoides  ______  in Peru
     
     
730. Lasaia aerugo  ______  (species described in 1972)
     (Range: Peru)
     
     
731. Lasaia maritima  ______  (species described in 2001)
     (Range: Peru) 
     
     
732. Lasaia kennethi  ______  in Bolivia
     
     
733. Lasaia arsis  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:230)  
     AR common name: Hovy Salpicada  (translates to "Splashy Hovy"; "Hovy" being a Guarani word meaning "blue". and "splashy" referring to the white spot on the dorsal hind wing) 
     (Range: in Brazil and Argentina)
     
     
     Genus PARCELLA
     
     
734. Parcella amarynthina  ______  EC  (DV2:10) 
     ORANGE-BANDED METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Argentina) 
     
     
     Genus DETRITIVORA:  genus created in 2002
     
     
735. Detritivora smalli  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
     SMALL'S METALMARK
     (Range: eastern Panama to western Ecuador)
     
     
736. Detritivora (formerly Charis) hermodora  ______  (DV2:11)
     HERMODORA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela, also Trinidad)
     
     
737. Detritivora (formerly Charis) gynaea  ______  (DV2:11)
     GYNAEA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
738. Detritivora barnesi  ______  EC  (MCA:65)  (species described in 2001)
     BARNES' METALMARK  (or Cloaked Scintillant) 
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to western Ecuador)  
     
     
739. Detritivora iquitos  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)
     
     
740. Detritivora major  ______  EC
     
     
741. Detritivora ma  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)
     
     
742. Detritivora matic  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)
     
     
743. Detritivora zama  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CHARIS
     
     
744. Charis anius  ______  BRmg  EC  (DV2:11)
     ANIUS METALMARK  (or ANIUS SCINTILLANT)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ADELOTYPA: About 30 small butterflies mostly in South America
     
     
745. Adelotypa glauca ______ (DV2:11)
     GLAUCA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
746. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______ (DV2:11)
     TAN METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Peru)
     
     
     Genus AMARYNTHIS
     
     
747. Amarynthis meneria  ______  BRse  EC  (DA:250)
     RED-BARRED AMARYNTHIS  (or MENERIA METALMARK)
     (Range: Colombia to northern Argentina, widespread and common)
     
     
     Genus PARNES
     
     
748. Parnes nycteis ______ (DV2:11)
     (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)
     
     
     Genus PIXUS
     
     
749. Pixus corculum  ______
     PIXUS METALMARK
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
     Genus ROEBERELLA 
     
     
750. Roeberella lencates ______ (DV2:11)
     LENCATES METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin in Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus CALEPHELIS: SCINTILLANT METALMARKS:  only in the Americas, mostly in the tropics, many species bewilderingly similar 
     
     
751. Calephelis laverna  ______  BR  EC  (DV2:12)
     Calephelis laverna laverna  ______  BR  subspecies from Mexico to Brazil
     LAVERNA CELEPHELIS
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     
752. Calephelis inca  ______  EC  (DV2:12)
     INCA CALEPHELIS
     (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)
     
     
753. Calephelis candiope  ______
     CANDIOPE CALEPHELIS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
754. Calephelis iris  ______  EC
     IRIS CALEPHELIS
     (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)
     
     
755. Calephelis velutina  ______  (MCA:65)
     DARK CALEPHELIS  (or Temple Scintillant) 
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
756. Calephelis nilius  ______ ARne  (MM:227)
     AR common name: Lineas Celestes  (translates to "Sky-blue Lines")
     
     
     Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA   misc
     
     
757. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______
     Argyrogrammana stilbe holosticta  ______  (DV2:text) (MCA:63)  subspecies from Mexico to Peru
     DOTTED METALMARK
     
     
758. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______
     BLUE-STAINED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
759. Argyrogrammana barine  ______
     BLUE-STUDDED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
760. Argyrogrammana venilia ______ (DV2:13)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
     Genus LYMNAS
     
     
761. Lymnas pixe  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil
     
     
     Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI
     
     
     Genus CALYDNA
     
     
762. Calydna caieta  ______  (DA:254)  in the Guianas
     
     
763. Calydna calamisa  ______  (DA:254)  in the Guianas
     
     
     Genus ESTHEMOPSIS
     
     
764. Esthemopsis alicia  ______  EC
     
     
765. Esthemopsis jesse  ______  EC
     
     
766. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______  EC
     
     
767. Esthemopsis pherephatte  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus LUCILLELLA
     
     
768. Lucillella camissa  ______  EC
     
     
769. Lucillella suberra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  
     
     
     Genus MESENE: mostly South American, about 20 species.
     
      
770. Mesene silaris  ______  EC  (DV2:13) (MCA:62)
     YELLOW METALMARK (or Yellow Geomark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to the Guianas and Peru)
     
     
771. Mesene phareus  ______  EC  (F:255) (MCA:63) (S:102)
     Mesene phareus rubella ______ (DV2:13)  subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia
     CELL-BARRED METALMARK (or Cell-barred Geomark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil) 
     
     Mesene phareus is strikingly beautiful, the male a deep red with black borders, the female a lighter color and larger.
     
     
772. Mesene mygdon  ______
     RED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
773. Mesene margaretta  ______  (DA:252)
     ZEBRA-TIPPED METALMARK
     (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
774. Mesene leucophrys  ______  EC
     
     
775. Mesene cyneas  ______  EC
     
     
776. Mesene citrinella  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995) 
     
     
777. Mesene babosa  ______  EC  (either endemic to nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
     
     
778. Mesene nepticula  ______  EC
     
     
779. Mesene nola  ______  EC
     
     
780. Mesene margaretta  ______  EC
     
     
781. Mesene monostigma ______ ARne  (MM:250)
     AR common name: Diminuta Manchada  (translates to "Spotted Tiny")
     
     
782. Mesene pyrippe  ______
     Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta ______ ARne  (MM:251)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
     AR common name: Diminuta Narnja y Parda  (translates to "Orange and Brown Tiny")
     
     
783. Mesene epaphus  ______  ARne  BRmg  EC  (MM:252)
     EPAPHUS METALMARK
     AR common name: Diminuta Naranja  (translates to "Orange Tiny")
     
     
784. Mesene simplex  ______
     Mesenes simplex celetes  ______  ARne  (MM:253)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
     AR common name: Diminuta Amarilla  (translates to "Yellow Tiny")
     
     
     Genus MESENOPSIS
     
     
785. Mesenopsis bryaxis  ______
     YELLOW-CENTERED METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
786. Mesenopsis melanochlora  ______  EC  (DA:252) (DV2:13)
     ORANGE-STRIPED METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia)
     
     
787. Mesenopsis albivitta  ______  BR  (DA:253)  in southern Brazil
     
     
     Genus PANAROPSIS   genus created in 2002
     
     
788. Panaropsis elegans  ______  EC
     
     
789. Panaropsis thrytira  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus XENANDRA  
     
     
790. Xenandra helius  ______  EC
     Xenandra helius helius  ______  (DV2:9)
     RED-STRIPED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)
     
     
     Genus XYNIAS
     
     
791. Xynias lithosina  ______  BR  EC
     Xynias lithosina lithosina  ______  BR  subspecies in Brazil
     Xynias lithosina christalia  ______  EC  subspecies in Ecuador
     Xynias lithosina cynosema  ______  subspecies in Bolivia
     Xynias lithosina potaronus  ______  subspecies in Guyana
     
     
792. Xynias lilacina  (ph)  ______
     (Range: Peru)
     
     
     
     Xynias lilacina
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
     Genus SYMMACHIA  
     
     
793. Symmachia rubina ______  EC
     Symmachia rubina rubina  ______  (DV2:13) (MCA:63)  subspecies from eastern Mexico to Colombia
     RUBINA METALMARK  (or Square-tipped Fiestamark)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)  
     
     
794. Symmachia accusatrix ______  EC  (DV2:14) (MCA:63)
     ACCUSED METALMARK  (or Feathered Fiestamark)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)
     
     
795. Symmachia probetor  ______  EC  (MCA:63)
     Symmachia probetor probetor  ______ (DV2:14)  subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
     RED-COSTA METALMARK  (or Red-lead Fiestamark)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
796. Symmachia threissa  ______
     Symmachia threissa threissa  ______  subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
     WHITE-NOTCHED METALMARK
     
     
797. Symmachia virgatula  ______
     GOLDEN-RED METALMARK
     (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)
     
     
798. Symmachia tricolor (or hademanni)  ______  EC  (MCA:62)
     TRICOLORED METALMARK  (or Tricolored Fiestamark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)  
     
     
799. Symmachia maeonius  ______  EC
     
     
800. Symmachia falcistriga  ______  EC
     
     
801. Symmachia suevia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
802. Symmachia leena  ______  EC
     
     
803. Symmachia calliste  ______  EC  
     
     
804. Symmachia jugurtha  ______  EC
     
     
805. Symmachia miron  ______  BRmg  EC
     MIRON METALMARK
     
     
806. Symmachia arion  ______  EC
     
     
807. Symmachia titiana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
808. Symmachia phaedra  ______  EC
     
     
809. Symmachia fassili  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so Ecuador, species described in 1995)  
     
     
810. Symmachia triangularis  ______  EC
     
     
811. Symmachia rubrica  ______  EC
     
     
812. Symmachia hazelana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)  
     
     
813. Symmachia sepyra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  
     
     
814. Symmachia menetas  ______ 
     Symmachia menetas menetas  ______  ARne  (MM:249)  (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
     AR common name: Simaquia Meridional  (this Spanish name from the scientific name, with reference to it being the southernmost species in its genus, translates to "Southern Simaquia") 
     
     The book, "Butterflies of Missiones", published in 2003 indicates Symmachia menetas as being a first sighting of the species in Argentina.
     
     
     Genus PIRASCCA   genus created in 1996
     
     
815. Pirascca arbuscula  ______
     Pirascca arbuscula arbuscula  ______  subspecies from Panama to the Guianas
     ARBUSCULA METALMARK
     
     
816. Pirascca phoenicura  ______
     DINGY METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)
     
     
817. Pirascca tyriotes  ______  (MCA:62)
     GOLDEN-BANDED METALMARK
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)
     
     
818. Pirascca iasas  ______  EC
     
     
819. Pirascca polemistes  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)
     
     
820. Pirascca sagaris  ______  EC
     
     
821. Pirascca sticheli  ______  EC   
     
     
     Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe NYMPHIDIINI
     
     and some miscellaneous, with uncertain taxonomy
     
     
     Genus STICHELIA
     
     
822. Stichelia sagaris ______ (DV2:14)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus ANTEROS
     
     ANTEROS butterflies usually land with their wings closed.  
     
     
823. Anteros allectus (or cumulatus) ______ (DV2:14)
     ROUNDED ANTEROS
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     
     
824. Anteros chrysoprastus ______ (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
     ELEGANT ANTEROS  (or Elegant Jewelmark) 
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
825. Anteros renaldus  ______ (DV2:14)  
     REGAL ANTEROS 
     (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil) 
     
     
826. Anteros carausius  ______  EC (C:333) (DA:254) 
     Anteros carausius carausius  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67)   subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     CAROUSING ANTEROS  (or Carousing Metalmark or Carousing Jewelmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)  
     
     
827. Anteros formosus  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
     Anteros formosus theleia  ______   subspecies in Colombia  
     BLACK-BELLIED ANTEROS  (other names are Formosus Jewelmark or Black-bellied Jewelmark)
     (Range: Honduras to Bolivia) 
     
     
828. Anteros kupris  ______  BRse  EC  (EBE:191)
     Anteros kupris kupris  ______  EC  (DV2:15)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador 
     GIANT ANTEROS
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
829. Anteros cruentatus  (ph)  ______
     
     
     
     Anteros cruentatus
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
830. Anteros otho  ______  BR  (DA:254)  in Brazil
     
     
     
     Genus SAROTA
     
     SAROTA butterflies usually land with their wings closed.
     
     
831. Sarota subtessellata  ______
     REGAL SAROTA
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Colombia)  
     
     
832. Sarota chrysus ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
     STOLL'S SAROTA  (or Common Jewelmark)
     (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, and Bolivia and Brazil, including Trinidadf)
     
     
833. Sarota neglecta  ______  
     NEGLECTED SAROTA
     (Range: Costa Rica to northwestern Venezuela and western Ecuador)
     
     
834. Sarota chocoensis  ______  (species described in 1998) 
     CHOCO SAROTA
     (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador)
     
     
835. Sarota myrtea ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
     GODMAN'S SAROTA  (or White-cheeked Jewelmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Argentina, including western Ecuador and Venezuela)
     
     
836. Sarota spicata ______ (DV2:15)
     (Costa Rica to western Brazil)
     
     
837. Sarota psaros  ______
     Sarota psaros psaros  ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)  subspecies from southern Mexico to the Guianas 
     GUATEMALAN SAROTA  (or Pearly Jewelmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
838. Sarota gyas ______ (DV2:15)
     GUYANAN SAROTA
     (Range: Colombia to Peru, Brazil, and the Guianas)
     
     
839. Sarota acantus  ______ (DV2:15)
     SIMPLE SAROTA
     (Range: Honduras to the  Guianas, and western Ecuador and Peru, including Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus ORIMBA
     
     
840. Orimba flammula  ______  (DA:251)  in Brazil
     
     
     Genus OUROCNEMIS
     
     
841. Ourocnemis archytas  ______
     FALSE ANTEROS
     (Range: Panama to Surinam, eastern Ecuador, central Brazil, Paraguay) 
     
     
     Genus EMESIS  (taxonomy of tribe uncertain)
     
     
842. Emesis tenedia  ______  EC  (DV2:17) (K:151) (MCA:71) (PE:text)
     FALCATE EMESIS  (or Falcate Metalmark)
     (Range: south Texas, USA to Brazil) 
     
     
843. Emesis aurimna  ______  (MCA:71)
     WHITE-SPOTTED EMESIS  (or White-spotted Tanmark)
     (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
844. Emesis glaucescens  ______
     WHITE-FROSTED EMESIS
     (Range: Colombia) 
     
     
845. Emesis ocypore  ______  AR  EC
     Emesis ocypore aethalis  ______  (DV2:16) (MCA:71)  subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     Emesis ocypore zelotes ______  ARne  (MM:239)  subspecies in northeast Argentina
     DARK EMESIS  (or Dark Tanmark) 
     AR common name: Acrobata Morena  (translates to "Dark Acrobat")
     (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  
     
     
846. Emesis lupina  ______  EC
     Emesis lupina lupina ______ (DV2:16) (MCA:73)  subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela
     LUPINA EMESIS  (or Little Tanmark)
     
     
847. Emesis lucinda  ______  EC  (DV2:17)
     WHITE-PATCHED EMESIS
     (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas and northern Brazil) 
     
     
848. Emesis mandana  (ph)  ______  (MCA:72)
     Emesis mandana mandana  ______  (DV2:17)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Brazil
     GREAT EMESIS  (or Great Tanmark) 
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 
     
     
     
     Great Emesis
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
849. Emesis tegula  ______  (MCA:72)
     TEGULA EMESIS  (or Bow-winged Tanmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
850. Emesis fatimella  ______  EC
     Emesis fatiimella nobilata  ______  (DV2:17) (MCA:72)  subspecies from Mexico to the Guianas, including Trinidad 
     FATIMELLA EMESIS  (or Sharp Tanmark)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 
     
     
851. Emesis brimo  ______  EC
     Emesis brimo brimo  ______  subspecies in Panama and Colombia
     BRIMO EMESIS
     
     
852. Emesis cypria  ______  EC
     Emesis cypria paphia  ______ (DV2:17) (MCA:73)  subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     ORANGE-STRIPED EMESIS  (or Orange-striped Tanmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 
     
     
853. Emesis fastidiosa  (ph)  ______
     
     
     
     Emesis fastidiosa
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
854. Emesis eurydica  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
855. Emesis angularis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
856. Emesis cerea  ______  EC
     
     
857. Emesis sinuata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
858. Emesis temesa  ______  EC
     
     
859. Emesis heteroclita  ______  EC
     
     
860. Emesis diogenia ______  ARne  (MM:237)
     AR common name: Diogenia  (re the name: Diogenia, in mythology, was Celeo's daughter.)  
     
     
861. Emesis russula ______  ARne  (MM:238)
     AR common name: Acrobata Rojiza  (translates to "Reddish Acrobat")
     
     
862. Emesis neemias ______  ARne  (MM:240)
     AR common name: Acrobata Brillantina  (translates to "Brilliant Acrobat")
     
     
     Genus ARICORIS
     
     
863. Aricoris erostratus  ______  
     EROSTRATUS METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
864. Aricoris propitia  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus ARICONIAS
     
     
865. Ariconias albinus  ______
     ALBINUS METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
     Genus THISBE
     
     
866. Thisbe irenea  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
     IRENEA METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil)
     
     
     
     Irenea Metalmark
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
867. Thisbe lycorias  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
     BANNER METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to the western Amazon basin in Peru)  
     
     
868. Thisbe ucubis  ______
     UCUBIS METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
869. Thisbe incubus  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
     
     
870. Thisbe hyalina  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus JUDITHA
     
     
871. Juditha odites  ______  EC
     Juditha odites praeclarum  ______  subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
     ODITES METALMARK 
     
     
872. Juditha dorilis  ______  EC
     DORILIS METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 
     
     
873. Juditha caucana (or molpe)  ______  BRmg  EC  (DV2:18) (MCA:75)
     MOLPE METALMARK  (another name is Common Lenmark)
     (Range: Mexico to western Ecuador)
     
     
874. Juditha pulcherrima  ______  EC
     
     
875. Juditha naza  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
     
     
876. Juditha azan  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus LEMONIAS
     
     
877. Lemonias zygia  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CATOCYCLOTIS
     
     
878. Catocyclotis adelina  ______
     ADELINA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     
     
879. Catocyclotis aemulius  ______  EC
     Catocyclotis aemulius adelina  ______  (DV2:18)  subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador 
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 
     
     
880. Catocyclotis elpinice  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus SYNARGIS: Tailless mostly South American LYCAENIDS, often with an interesting black and white coloration.
      
     
     
     A butterfly in the Synargis genus in northern South America
     (photo by Sherry Nelson)
     
     
881. Synargis ochra  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
     OCHRA METALMARK
     (Range: Guatemala to Peru) 
     
     
882. Synargis phliasus  ______  EC
     Synargis phliasus velabrum  ______  subspecies from Honduras to Colombia
     SISTER METALMARK
     
     
883. Synargis phylleus ______ (DV2:19)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 
     
     
884. Synargis palaeste ______ (DV2:19)
     PALAESTE METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 
     
     
885. Synargis gela  ______  EC  (DV2:21)
     (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Ecuador to Brazil)
     
     
886. Synargis tytia  ______  EC
     
     
887. Synargis orestessa  ______  EC
     
     
888. Synargis abaris  ______  EC
     
     
889. Synargis mycone  ______  EC
     
     
890. Synargis agle  ______  EC
     
     
891. Synargis fenestrella  ______  EC
     
     
892. Synargis chaonia  ______  EC
     
     
893. Synargis calyce  ______  EC
     Synargis calyce brennus  ______ ARne  (MM:241)  subspecies in northeast Argentina 
     AR common name: Nemi  (this name is a Guarani word meaning "hidden")
     
     
894. Synargis pittheus  ______  BRmg
     PITTHEUS METALMARK
     
     
895. Synargis victrix  ______ ARne  (MM:242)
     AR common name: Demarcated Nemi
     
     
     Genus RODINIA
     
     
896. Rodinia calpharnia  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
     FLAG-TAILED METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Colombia) 
     
     
897. Rodinia lysippus  ______  BRmg
     LYSIPPUS METALMARK
     
     
     Genus AUDRE
     
     
898. Audre albina ______ (DV2:20)
     (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)
     
     
899. Audre gauchoana  ______ ARne  (MM:244)
     AR name: Colage Parda  (translates to "Brown Patchwork")
     
     

900. Audre notialis  ______ ARne  (MM:245)
     AR name: Colage Irregular  (translates to "Irregular Patchwork") 
     
     

901. Audre chilensis  ______ ARne  (MM:246)
     AR name: Colage Meridional  (translates to "Southern Patchwork")
     
     
     Genus MENANDER
     
     
902. Menander menander  ______  EC
     Menander menander purpurata  ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74)   subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
     MENANDER METALMARK  (another name is Shining-blue Grayler)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  
     
     
903. Menander pretus  ______  EC
     Menander pretus picta ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74)   subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador
     CRAMER'S METALMARK  (another name is Greenish Grayler)
     (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 
     
     
904. Menander laobotas  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
     THREE-SPOTTED METALMARK
     (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)
     
     
905. Menander hebrus  ______  EC
     
     
906. Menander aldasi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)  
     
     
     Genus PERIPLACIS:  Mostly South American LYCAENIDS with strongly angled wings, and with brown and blue coloration.
     
     
907. Periplacis glaucoma  ______  EC  (DV2:20) (F:262)
     GLAUCOMA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
     Genus ADELOTYPA
     
     
908. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______  EC
     
     
909. Adelotypa curullis  ______  EC
     
     
910. Adelotypa penthea  ______  EC
     
     
911. Adelotypa trinitatis  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus CALOSPILA
     
     
912. Calospila lucianus  ______  EC
     Calospila lucianus lucianus  ______ (DV2:21)  subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas, and Trinidad
     LUCIANUS METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     
913. Calospila asteria  ______
     ASTERIA METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Colombia)
     
     
914. Calospila cilissa  ______
     CILISSA METALMARK
     (Range: Honduras to Colombia) 
     
     
915. Calospila pelarge  ______  (MCA:74)
     PELARGE METALMARK  (another name is Orange-inposted Grayler)
     (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)
     
     
916. Calospila hemileuca  ______  EC
     HEMILEUCA METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 
     
     
917. Calospila trotschi  ______  (DV2:11)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 
     
     
918. Calospila parthaon  ______ (DV2:21)
     (Range: Mexico to Ecuador, also Trinidad) 
     
     
919. Calospila emylius  ______  EC
     
     
920. Calospila rhodope  ______  EC
     
     
921. Calospila gyges  ______  EC
     
     
922. Calospila thara  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus HYPOPHYLLA
     
     
923. Hypophylla martia  ______  
     MARTIA METALMARK
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
924. Hypophylla argenissa  ______
     DEEP-BLUE METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)
     
     
925. Hypophylla florus  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus LIVENDULA
     
     
926. Livendula amasis  ______  EC
     
     
927. Livendula huebneri  ______  BRmg
     HUEBNER'S METALMARK
     
     
     Genus ARCHAEONYMPHA
     
     
928. Archaeonympha urichi  ______  (species described in 1994)
     VAN WRIGHT'S METALMARK
     (Range: Panama, Trinidad) 
     
     
     Genus CALOCIASMA
     
     
929. Calociasma lilina ______ (DV2:21)
     WHITE-POSTED METALMARK
     (Range: Mexico to Panama, also Trinidad)
     
     
     Genus SETABIS
     
     
930. Setabis lagus ______  EC  (DV2:22) (MCA:62,74)
     LAGUS METALMARK  (another name is Common Setabis)
     (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 
     
     
931. Setabis alcmaeon  ______  EC
     Setabis alcmaeon alcmaeon ______ (DV2:22)  (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     BLUE-RAYED METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     
     
932. Setabis epitus  ______EC
     
     
933. Setabis myrtis  ______  EC
     
     
934. Setabis pythia  ______  EC
     
     
935. Setabis disparillis  ______  EC
     
     
936. Setabis buckleyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
937. Setabis plagiaria  ______  BRmg  EC
     PLAGIARIA METALMARK
     
     
938. Setabis pythioides  ______  EC
     
     
939. Setabis rhodinosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or near so to Ecuador)
     
     
940. Setabis luceres  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus NYMPHIDIUM
     
     
941. Nymphidium mantus  ______  EC  (C:357) (DV2:22)
     MANTUS METALMARK  (also called Blue Nymphidium)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
942. Nymphidium olinda ______ (DV2:22)
     OLINDA METALMARK
     (Range: Panama to Venezuela and Brazil)
     
     
943. Nymphidium lenocinium  ______
     LENOCINIUM METALMARK
     (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
944. Nymphidium azanoides  ______  EC
     Nymphidium azanoides occidentalis  ______  EC  (DV2:22)  subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
     AZANOIDES METALMARK
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  
     
     
945. Nymphidium ascolia  ______  EC
     Nymphidium ascolia ascolia  ______ (DV2:22) (MCA:75)  subspecies from southern Mexico to Brazil
     CREAMY METALMARK   (another name is Creamy Henmark)
     (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)
     
     
946. Nymphidium fulminans  ______
     Nymphidium fulminaus sardinata  ______  subspecies in Colombia
     DUSKY METALMARK
     
     
947. Nymphidium trinidadi  ______  in Trinidad
     TRINIDAD METALMARK
     
     
948. Nymphidium baeotia  ______  EC
     
     
949. Nymphidium latibrunis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1985)  
     
     
950. Nymphidium cachrus  ______  EC
     
     
951. Nymphidium balbinus  ______  EC
     
     
952. Nymphidium chimborazium  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
     
     
953. Nymphidium leucosia  ______  EC
     
     
954. Nymphidium acherois  ______  EC
     
     
955. Nymphidium plinthobaphis  ______  EC
     
     
956. Nymphidium caricae  ______  EC
     
     
957. Nymphidium carmentis  ______  EC
     
     
958. Nymphidium lisimon  ______  EC
     
     
     Genus THEOPE
     
     
959. Theope nycteis  ______  EC
     EYED THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina, also Trinidad(
     
     
960. Theope archimedes  ______  EC  (species described in 1994)
     Theope archimedes zyzyxoxyx  ______  subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela
     STRIATED THEOPE 
     
     
961. Theope devriesi  ______  EC  (MCA:77)  (species described in 1996)
     DEVRIES' THEOPE
     (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)
     
     
962. Theope excelsa  ______  EC
     ELEGANT THEOPE
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas & Amazonas)
     
     
963. Theope barea  ______  (MCA:77)
     PANAMANIAN THEOPE  (another name is Brown-posted Theope)
     (Range: southern Mexico, Nicaragua to Brazil)
     
     
964. Theope mundula  ______
     STICHEL'S THEOPE
     (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 
     
     
965. Theope speciosa  ______
     GLAZED THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
     
     
966. Theope pieridoides  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
     WHITE THEOPE
     (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
967. Theope cratylus  ______  (MCA:77)
     SCALLOP-PATCHED THEOPE
     (Range; southern Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
968. Theope virgilius  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
     BLUE-BASED THEOPE  (another name is Common Theope)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad and Netherlands Antilles) 
     
     
969. Theope publius  ______   (MCA:77)
     Theope publius publius  ______ (DV2:23)  subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela and Peru
     BELL-BANDED THEOPE
     (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Peru)
     
     
970. Theope bacenis (or mania)  ______  (MCA:77)
     CURVE-LINED THEOPE
     (Range: Mexico to Colombia)
     
     
971. Theope basilea  ______  EC
     STRAIGHT-LINED THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 
     
     
972. Theope thebais  ______  (DV2:24)
     (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador and Brazil)
     
     
973. Theope matuta  ______  (DV2:24)
     GIANT THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)
     
     
974. Theope phaeo  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
     FALCATE THEOPE
     (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin)  
     
     
975. Theope pedias  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
     YELLOW-BOTTOMED THEOPE  (another name is Extroverted Theope)
     (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     
976. Theope thestias  ______  EC  (DV2:24)
     (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia) 
     
     
977. Theope lycaenina  ______  EC  (DV2:25)
     GRAY THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to eastern Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
978. Theope acosma  ______  
     TAWNY THEOPE
     (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     
     
979. Theope eudocia  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (S:102)
     ORANGE THEOPE 
     (Range: Honduras to Brazil, also Trinidad) 
     
     Theope eudocia has a darting flight and settles on the undersides of leaves. The green caterpillar feeds on foliage of cacao.
     
     
980. Theope decorata  ______
     PAINTED THEOPE
     (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)
     
     
981. Theope leucanthe  ______  EC
     FADED THEOPE
     (Range; Panama to Peru and Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
982. Theope foliorum  ______  EC
     PLAIN THEOPE
     (Range: Panama to Paraguay and Brazil, also Trinidad)
     
     
983. Theope wallacei  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
     WALLACE'S THEOPE
     (Range: Panama to the Guianas and Peru)
     
     
984. Theope pepo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)
     
     
985. Theope aureonitens  ______  EC
     
     
986. Theope dabrerae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)
     
     
987. Theope eupolis  ______  EC
     
     
988. Theope sisemina  ______  EC
     
     
989. Theope iani  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)
     
     
990. Theope nodosus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999) 
     
     
991. Theope theritas  ______  EC
     
     
992. Theope thootes  ______  EC
     
     
993. Theope sticheli  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
     
     
994. Theope busbyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
     
     
995. Theope batesi  ______  EC  (species described in1998) 
     
     
     The taxonomy of the following genera is uncertain as to tribe (through ROEBERELLA).
     
     
     Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA
     
     
996. Argyrogramma sticheli  ______  (DA:253)  in the Guianas
     
     
997. Argyrogramma pulchra  ______  (DA:253)  in Colombia
     
     
998. Argyrogrammana barine  ______  EC
     
     
999. Argyrogrammana physis  ______  EC
     
     
1000. Argyrogrammana venilia  ______  EC
      
      
1001. Argyrogrammana natalita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
      
      
1002. Argyrogrammana pacsa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
      
      
1003. Argyrogrammana caelestina  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
      
      
1004. Argyrogrammana aparamilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
      
      
1005. Argyrogrammana celata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
      
      
1006. Argyrogrammana bonita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)
      
      
1007. Argyrogrammana saphirina  ______  EC
      
      
1008. Argyrogrammana trochila  ______  EC  (DA:253)  in Ecuador
      
      
1009. Argyrogrammana rameli  ______  EC
      
      
1010. Argyrogrammana johannismarci  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
      
      
1011. Argyrogrammana pastaza  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)
      
      
1012. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______  EC  (DA:253)  in Ecuador and Colombia
      
      
1013. Argyrogrammana glaucopis  ______  EC
      
      
1014. Argyrogrammana subota  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
      
      
1015. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______  EC
      
      
1016. Argyrogrammana sublimis  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
      
      
1017. Argyrogrammana crocea  ______  EC
      
      
1018. Argyrogrammana sulphurea  ______  BR  (DA:253)  in Brazil
      
      
      Genus ECHYDNA   genus created in 2002
      
      
1019. Echydna punctata  ______  EC
      
      
      Genus CALYDNA
      
      
1020. Calydna venusta  ______  EC
      
      
1021. Calydna lusca  ______  EC 
      
      
1022. Calydna cea  ______  EC
      
      
1023. Calydna sturnula  ______  EC
      
      
1024. Calydna carnela  ______  EC
      
      
1025. Calydna hiria  ______  EC
      
      
1026. Calydna catana  ______  EC
      
      
1027. Calydna cabira  ______  EC
      
      
1028. Calydna caleta  ______  BRmg
      CALETA METALMARK
      
      
      Genus COMPHOTIS
      
      
1029. Comphotis apachita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
      
      
      Genus IMELDA
      
      
1030. Imelda mycea  ______  EC
      
      
      Genus PACHYTHONE
      
      
1031. Pachythone analuciae  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)
      
      
      Genus MACHAYA   genus created in 1995
      
      
1032. Machaya obstinata  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)
      
      
      Genus PSEUDOTINEA   genus created in 2003
      
      
1033. Pseudotinea volcanicus  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)
      
      
      Genus ROEBERELLA
      
      
1034. Robeberella lencates  ______  EC    
      
      
      Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI 
      
      
      Genus STALACHTIS
      
      
1035. Stalachtis magdalena  ______
      TIGER METALMARK
      (Range: Panama and Colombia)
      
      
1036. Stalachtis calliope  ______  BRam,mg  EC  (DA:251)  in western Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, the Guianas
      CALLIOPE METALMARK
      
      
1037. Stalachtis euterpe  ______  EC
      
      
1038. Stalachtis phaedusa  ______  EC
      
      
1039. Stalachtis lineata  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil
      
      
1040. Stalachtis phlegia  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil
      
      
1041. Stalachtis zephyritis  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil  
      
      
      Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe Incertae sedis
      
      
      Genus ECHYDNA
      
      
1042. Echydna chaseba  ______  BRse
      STARRY NIGHT METALMARK