PO Box 9021, Wilmington, DE 19809, USA
E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-8
88-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

Part 3 of a List
with some Photos
of 


South America
Butterflies
and Moths

Hairstreaks, Blues, Metalmarks



Noting those during
Focus On Nature Tours

in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela



Third Part of a List of South America Butterflies in 6 Parts,
compiled by Armas Hill


Here, in Part #3: 
Lycaenidae, the Hairstreaks and Blues
and Euselasiinae and Riodinidae, the Metalmarks


Among Butterfly Groupings in this list, links to:

Hairstreaks: Subfamily THECLINAE:   with the genera: Allomaitia, Apuecia, Arawasus, Arcas, Arumecla, Arzecla, Atlides, Aubergina, Bistonina, Brangus, Breviana, Busbiina, Calycopis, Camissecla, Celmia, Chalys, Chlorostrymon, Contrafacia, Copathecla, Cyanophrys, Dicya, Eiseliana, Electrostrymon, Enos, Erora, Eumaeus, Evenus, Exorbaetta, Gargina, Heoda, Hypostrymon, Iaspis, Ignata, Ipidecla, Janthecla, Johnsonita, Kisulam, Kolana. Lamasina, Lamprospilus, Laothus, Lathecla, Magnastigma, Megathecla, Micandra, Michaelus, Ministrymon, Mithras, Nesiostrymon, Nicolaea, Ocaria, Oenomaus, Olynthus, Ostrinotes, Paiwarria, Panthiades, Parrhasius, Penaincisalia, Phothecla, Podanotum, Porthecla, Pseudolycaena, Rekoa, Rhamma, Salazaria, Semonina, Siderus, Strephonota, Strymon, Symbiopsis, Temecia, Terenthina, Theclopsis, Theorema, Thepytus, Thereus, Theritas, Thestius, Timaeta, Tmolus, Ziegleria  

Blues:
Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE:  
with the genera: Echinargus, Hemiargus, Itylos, Leptotes, Madelinea, Nabokovia, Pseuolucia, Zizula

Metalmarks: Subfamilies Euselasiinae & Riodinidae   

Subfamily EUSELASIINAE:  with the genera: Euselasia, Hades, Methone

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe HELICOPINI:  with the genus: Helicopis

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI:   with the genera: Hermathena, Hyphilaria, Ithomiola, Leucochimona, Mesophthalma, Mesosemia, Napaea, Perophtalma, Semomesia, Voltinia 

Mesosemia and Seomesia are now said by some to be in the tribe RIODININI 

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI:  with the genus: Alesa, Eurybia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI  with the genera: Amarynthis, Ancyluris, Baeotis, Barbicornis, Brachyglenis, Calcodeta, Calophelis, Caria, Cariomothis, Cartea, Chamaelimnas, Charis, Chorinea, Crocozona, Cyrenia, Detritivora, Exoplisia, Ithomeis, Isapis, Lasaia, Lyroteryx, Melanis, Metacharis, Monethe, Necyria, Netheme, Pheles, Paceella, Rhetus, Roeberella,  Sysema, Syrmatia

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI:
   with the genera: Calydna, Esthemopsis, Lucillella, Mesene, Mesenopsis, Panaropsis, Pirascca, Symmachia, Xenandra, Xynias   

Subfamily RIODININAE. Tribe NYMPHIDINI  with the genera: Adelotypa, Anteros, Ariconias, Aricoris, Archaeonympha, Audre, Calociasma, Calospila, Catocyclotis, Hypophylla, Juditha, Lemonias, Livendula, Nymphidium, Ourocnemis, Periplacis, Rodinia, Sarota, Setabis, Stichelia, Synargis, Theope, Thisbe
with genera having uncertain taxonomy as to tribe:
Argyrogrammana, Calydna, Comphotis, Echydna, Emesis, Imelda, Machaya, Pachythone, Pseudotinea, Roeberella

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI:   with the genus: Stalachtis

Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe unassigned genus Echydna 



Not a butterfly, but a bright yellow and black moth on stony ground in an Amazonian forest
during a FONT tour in Brazil.
The species is Xanthyris flaveolata, in the family Geometridae.

To see some photos of: 
MORE SOUTH AMERICAN MOTHS 


Links to other South America Butterfly groupings in this list:

Part #1 - Swallowtails (Papilionidae)    Part #2 - Whites, Yellows, Sulphurs, Marbles (Pieridae)

Part #4 - Brushfoots (Nymphalidae) 

Part #5 - Clearwings (Ithomiini) & Satyrs (Satyrini)

Part #6 - Skippers (Hesperlidae)

In South America, the countries of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador each have a great number of butterfly species.
Ecuador has the greatest concentration of species per kilometer. In that country, there are said to be 2,726 species of butterflies.



Codes relating to illustrations in various books:

Numbers noted as (AZ:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Arizona - A Photographic Guide", by Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin, & Hank Brodkin (with fine photographs).

Numbers noted as (BB:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of Buenos Aires (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals

Numbers noted as (C:xx) refer to pages in "A World of Butterflies", with text by Brian Cassie, and photographs (superb) by Kjell Sandved

Numbers noted as (DA:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of South America", by Bernard D'Abrera, 1984

Numbers noted as (DV1:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 1): Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae", by Philip J. DeVries

Numbers noted as (DV2:xx) refer to plates in "The Butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History (Volume 2): Riodinidae", by Philip J. DeVries.    

Numbers noted as (EBE:xx) refer to pages in "Ecuador's Butterfly Ecology", by Xavier Silva 

Numbers noted as (F:xx) refer to pages in "The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Butterflies", by Dr. John Feltwell  

Numbers noted as (K:xx) refer to pages in the "Kaufman Focus Guide to Butterflies of North America", by Jim Brock & Kenn Kaufman

Numbers noted as (MCA:xx) refer to pages in "A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico & Central America", by Jeffrey Glassberg

Numbers noted as (MM:xx) refer to pages in "Mariposas (Butterflies) of Missiones (Argentina)", by Gustavo Canals  

Numbers noted as (PE:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guides to Eastern Butterflies", by Paul Opler & Vichai Malikul, 1998 edition. Those noted as (PEp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph.

Numbers noted as (PW:xx) refer to plates in the "Peterson Field Guide to Western Butterflies", by Paul Opler & illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright, 1999 edition. Those noted as (PWp:xx) refer to a page with a photograph. 

Numbers noted as (RG:xx) refer to pages in "Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley" by Roland Wauer.

Numbers noted as (S:xx) refer to pages in the "Smithsonian Handbook, Butterflies & Moths", by David Carter.


Country Codes:


AR:  in Argentina
 ba:   province of Buenos Aires
 ne:   northeast Argentina, including Iguazu Falls 
(ARne also on the Brazilian side at Iguazu Falls)
BR:  in Brazil
 am:  in the Amazonian region
 mg:  Mato Grosso, including the Pantanal and north to Alta Floresta / Rio Cristalino
 se:    southeast Brazil 
CH:  in Chile
EC:  in Ecuador
PE:  in Peru
VE:  in Venezuela

BUTTERFLIES OBSERVED DURING FONT TOURS NOTED BY AN (*) AFTER THE 2-LETTER COUNTRY CODE.

(ph): species with a photo in the FONT website


Other Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in South America in:
Brazil   Ecuador   Uruguay   Venezuela
     Argentina   Chile 

Lists & Photo Galleries of BIRDS, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Lists & Photo Galleries of MAMMALS, relating to FONT Tours in South America

Lists of Photo Galleries of AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, including those during FONT Tours in South America

Alphabetical Directory of Butterflies by Genus of those with Photos in the FONT Website

Directory of Photos in this Website  




          Family LYCAENIDAE  (GOSSAMER WINGS): including: HAIRSTREAKS, BLUES
 
         
Throughout the world but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. 
          The sexes often differ in coloration, and the undersides usually differ from the upper surfaces.

           Among several distinct groups are the HAIRSTREAKS
           with tails and bright eyespot markings on the hindwings, creating a "false head" at the rear, to divert attackers.
 
           Thus far, worldwide, about 5,000 species in this family have been discovered and named. 
           Caterpillars of many of these species are closely associated with ants.


         
Subfamily THECLINAE:  HAIRSTREAKS


         
Genus EUMAEUS

  1. Eumaeus godarti  ______  EC
    WHITE-TIPPED CYCADIAN
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  2. Eumaeus toxana  ______  EC


    Genus THEOREMA

  3. Theorema eumenia  ______  (MCA:36)
    TAILED CYCADIAN 
    (or Pale-tipped Cycadian)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Ecuador)

  4. Theorema sapho  ______
    BANDED CYCADIAN
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)


    Genus PAIWARRIA

  5. Paiwarria antinous  ______  (MCA:37)
    FELDER'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  6. Paiwarria telemus  ______  EC

  7. There is a Paiwarria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus BRANGUS

  8. Brangus neora  ______  (MCA:39)
    WIDESPREAD BRANGAS 
    (or Common Brangas)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  9. Brangus coccineifrons  ______  (MCA:39)
    BLACK-VEINED BRANGAS
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  10. Brangus carthaea  ______  (MCA:39)
    GREEN-SPOTTED BRANGAS
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)

  11. Brangus getus  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BRIGHT BRANGAS
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas, also Trinidad)

  12. Brangus felderi  ______  EC

  13. There is a Brangus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus MITHRAS

  14. Mithras orobia  ______  EC

  15. There are 3 Mithras sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus THAEIDES: 
    genus created in 1997

  16. Thaeides theia  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    BROWN-BARRED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Bolivia and southeast Brazil)

  17. Thaeides xavier  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)


    Genus ENOS:  
    genus created in 1997

  18. Enos thara  ______  EC  (MCA:36)
    THARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Paraguay)

  19. Enos falerina  ______  EC


    Genus LAMASINA: 
      genus created in 2002

  20. Lamasina draudti (or godmani ______  (MCA:37)
    DRAUDT'S HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name is Shimmering Greatstreak)
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  21. Lamasina ganimedes  _______
    GANIMEDES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas, and the Guianas)

  22. Lamasina rhaptissima  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)


    Genus ARUMECLA  
    genus created in 2004

  23. Arumecla aruma  ______  BRse

  24. Arumecla galliena  ______  EC

  25. There are 2 Arumecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus ATLIDES: 
    Found mainly in South America

  26. Atides polybe  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:39)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
    BLACK-VEINED HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-veined Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)

  27. Atides inachus (or carpophora ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    SPYING HAIRSTREAK  (or Alert Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)

  28. Atides atys (or scamander ______
    ATYS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  29. Atides bacis  ______  EC  (MCA:39)
    BACIS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pale-rayed Greatstreak)
    (Range: Belize, Panama to Peru) 

  30. Atides (was Oenomous) rustan  ______  EC  (F:260) (MCA:39)
    RUSTAN HAIRSTREAK  (or Rusty Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to central Brazil)  

  31. Atlides halljasoni  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)

  32. There is an Atlides sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 

  33. Atlides cosa  ______  BRse 

  34. Atlides zava  ______  BRse


    Genus PSEUDOLYCAENA

  35. Pseudolycaena marsyas  ______  BRse  EC  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    MARSYAS HAIRSTREAK  (or Giant Hairstreak)
    (Range: Panama to Argentina, including Trinidad and Tobago)  

  36. Pseudolycaena damo  ______  (MCA:38)
    SKY-BLUE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Sky-blue Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)


    Genus THERITAS

  37. Theritas mavors  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    DEEP-GREEN HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Sleepy Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to the Guianas)



    Deep-green Hairstreak, Theritas mayors,
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  38. Theritas theocritus  ______  (MCA:38)
    PEARLY HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pearly Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  39. Theritas hemon  (ph)  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:38)
    PALE-CLUBBED HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names are the Pale-clubbed Greatstreak or the Hemon Blue Hairstreak
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Pale-clubbed Hairstreaks, or Hemon Blue Hairstreaks,
    female and male
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)

  40. Theritas lisus (or hisbon) (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:38)
    LISUS HAIRSTREAK  (or Common Greatstreak) 
    (Range: southeast Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Lisus Hairstreak
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)


  41. Theritas crines  ______
    CRINES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)

  42. Theritas danaus  ______  EC

  43. Theritas drucei  ______  EC

  44. Theritas gozmanyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2007)

  45. Theritas monica  ______  EC

  46. Theritas paupera  ______  EC

  47. Theritas triquetra  ______  BRse  EC

  48. Theritas deniva  ______  BRse


    Genus JOHNSONITA 
      genus created in 1995

  49. Johnsonita auda  ______
    AUDA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)

  50. Johnsonita catadupa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  51. There are at least 7 Johnsonita sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus BREVIANTA

  52. Brevianta tolmides  ______
    WHITE-FROSTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama & Colombia)


    Genus MICANDRA

  53. Micandra platyptera  ______  EC
    PLATYPTERA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica, Venezuela to Bolivia)

  54. Micandra aegides  ______  EC

  55. Micandra comae  ______  EC

  56. Micandra dignota  ______  EC


    Genus IPIDECLA

  57. Ipidecla schausi  ______  EC  (MCA:37)
    SCHAUS' IPIDECLA 
    (or Schaus' Streaklet)
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Paraguay)

  58. Ipidecla crepundia  ______
    WHITENEED IPIDECLA
    (Range; Trinidad to Peru)


    Genus THEREUS

  59. Thereus cithonius  ______  EC   (MCA:40)
    PALE-LOBED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Double-barred Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  60. Thereus enenia  ______
    ENENIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: El Salvador to Colombia)

  61. Thereus pedusa  ______
    PEDUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  62. Thereus timoclea  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    TIMOCLEA HAIRSTREAK

  63. Thereus ortalus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    ORTALUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Kissing Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  64. Thereus praxis  ______
    PRAXIS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)

  65. Thereus lausus  ______  EC  (MCA:40)
    LAUSUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Cafe-au-lait Hairstreak)
    (Range; Mexico to the Guianas & Amazonas)   

  66. Thereus ismarus ______  EC  

  67. There are 2 Thereus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus REKOA: 
    A small genus of blue butterflies in Central & South America. 

  68. Rekoa meton  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:38)
    METON HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tiger-eye Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, & southern Brazil, also Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad) 

  69. Rekoa marius  ______  BRse  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
    MARIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil, also Trinidad)

  70. Rekoa palegon ______ ARne  BRse  EC   (MCA:40) (MM:191) (PE:text)
    GOLD-BORDERED HAIRSTREAK
      (or Palegon Hairstreak
    AR common name: Azul Banda Curva  (translates to "Curve-banded Blue"
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  71. Rekoa malina ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:192)
    AR common name: Azul Banda Recta  (translates to "Straight-banded Blue")

  72. Rekoa stagira ______ ARne  EC  (MCA:40) (MM:193)
    SMUDGED HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name:  Aristolteles  ("Aristotle")
    (regarding the scientific name, Stagira is the city where Aristotle was born.)  
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil, also the Guianas & Trinidad)


    Genus ARAWACUS:  STRIPE-STREAKS


  73. Arawacus togarna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    TOGARNA HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name, in Mexico, is Chiapas Stripe-streak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Argentina)

  74. Arawacus leucogyna  ______  EC  (MCA:42)
    LEUCOGYNA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Interrupted Stripe-streak)
    (Range: Belize to Venezuela and Peru)

  75. Arawacus dolylas  ______  EC
    DOLYLAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)

  76. Arawacus dumenilii  ______
    DUMENIL'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Honduras, Panama to the Guianas, also Trinidad)

  77. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) lincoides  ______ 
    (Range: Colombia)

  78. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) aetolus  ______  EC
    (Range: Ecuador and Colombia to the Guianas, also Trinidad, Bolivia)

  79. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) separata  (ph)  ______  PE
    ZEBRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names are Separata Stripe-streak, or Zebra Teaser)
    (Range: Peru, Paraguay)



    The Zebra Hairstreak, Arawacus separata
    (photo by Marie Grenouillet)

  80. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) aethesa  ______
    (Range: Brazil, in Bahia)

  81. Arawacus ellida  ______  BRse

  82. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) meliboeus  (ph)  ______  BRse
    MELIBOEUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Meliboeus Stripe-streak)  
    (Range: Brazil) 



    Meliboeus Hairstreak
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro) 

  83. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) euptychia  ______
    (Range; Brazil) 

  84. Arawacus (formerly Thecla, and Rekoa) ellida  ______  EC
    (Range: Venezuela to Peru, and Argentina & southern Brazil)

  85. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tadita  ______  BR
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)

  86. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) binangula  ______  BR
    (Range: southern Brazil, in Parana)

  87. Arawacus (formerly Thecla) tarania  ______  BR
    (Range: Brazil, in Minas Gerais, Parana)   


    Genus CONTRAFACIA

  88. Contrafacia bassania  ______  (MCA:41)
    WHITE-ETCHED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Chained Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  89. Contrafacia ahola  ______  EC  (MCA:41)
    HALF-BLUE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Hash-mark Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  90. Contrafacia imma  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:41)
    IMMA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pritwitz's Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  91. Contrafacia marmoris  ______  EC


    Genus KOLANA

  92. Kolana ligurina  ______  (MCA:41)
    LIGURINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Parenthetical Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

    This and the following species, K. lyde, may be inseparable.

  93. Kolana lyde  ______  (MCA:41)
    LYDE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)   


    Genus CHLOROSTRYMON  
    genus created in 1961

  94. Chlorostrymon telea  (ph)  ______  EC  (MCA:52) (PE:text)
    TELEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)



    Telea Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)

  95. Chlorostrymon simaethis  (ph)  ______  AR  EC  (K:117) (MCA:52) (PE:13)
    Chlorostrymon simaethis simaethis  ______  ARne  (MM:202) 
    subspecies in South America, south to Argentina
    SILVER-BANDED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Simaethis Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Banda de Plata  (translates to "Silver Band", referring to the silver band on the ventral surface) 
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, also West Indies)  



    Silver-banded Hairstreak
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)


    Genus OCARIA:   genus created in 1970, in it there are 16 species

  96. Ocaria aholiba  ______  EC
    COLOMBIAN HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela) 

  97. Ocaria arpoxais  ______  EC

  98. Ocaria calesia  ______  EC

  99. Ocaria elongata  ______  EC  

  100. Ocaria sadiei  ______  EC

  101. Ocaria thales  ______  BRse  EC  In southeast Brazil, occurs in the area of Itatiaia National Park
    THALES BLACKSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil and Argentina)

  102. Ocaria ocrisia  (ph)  ______  ARne  BRam,se  EC  (MCA:43) (MM:199) (PE:text)
    HEWITSON'S BLACKSTREAK 
    (or BLACK HAIRSTREAK  
    AR common name: Ocrisia
      (the name of a noble Roman, Servio Tulio's mother, the 6th Roman emperor) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  

    Ocaria ocrisia is seemingly the most common and widespread species in its genus.



    Hewitson's Blackstreak
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


    Genus MAGNASTIGMA

  103. Magnastigma hirsuta  ______  
    HIRSUTA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)
     

    Genus CYANOPHRYS:  TROPICAL GREEN HAIRSTREAKS 
      genus created in 1961 

  104. Cyanophrys amyntor  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:52)
    AMYNTOR GREENSTREAK 
    (or Cramer's Greenstreak)
    (Range: southern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  105. Cyanophrys fusius  ______  (MCA:52)
    BROWN GREENSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

  106. Cyanophrys longula  ______  EC  (MCA:52)
    MOUNTAIN GREENSTREAK 
    (or Brown-spotted Greenstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  107. Cyanophrys pseudolongula  (ph)  ______  EC



    Cyanophrys pseudolongula
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  108. Cyanophrys banosensis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  109. Cyanophrys acaste ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:194)
    AR common name: Acasto 
    (in Greek mythology, Acasto was the son of Pelias) 

  110. Cyanophrys herodotus ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (EBE:192) (K:117) (MCA:52) (MM:195) (PE:13)
    TROPICAL GREENSTREAK 
    (or Tropical Green Hairstreak
    AR common name: Herodoto  (the name referring to Herodoto, a Greek historian in the 5th Century BC)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil  & northeast Argentina)

  111. Cyanophrys remus ______ ARne  BRse  (MM:196)
    DOUBLE-LINED EMERALD  
    AR common name: Remo


    Genus ARCAS

  112. Arcas imperialis  ______  BRse  EC  (C:343) (MCA:37)
    IMPERIAL ARCAS 
    (other names are Imperial Hairstreak, and Imperial Sunstreak)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil) 

  113. Arcas delphia  ______
    NICOLAY'S ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  114. Arcas splendor  ______
    SPLENDID ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  115. Arcas gozmanyi  ______
    GOZMANY'S ARCAS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  116. Arcas cypria  ______  (MCA:37)
    MEXICAN ARCAS 
    (another name is Wavy-lined Sunstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  117. Arcas jivaro  ______  EC  (species described in 1971)

  118. Arcas nicolayi  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  119. Arcas ducalis  ______  BRse


    Genus EVENUS

  120. Evenus (formerly incorrectly in Thecla) coronata  ______  EC  (S:88) (MCA:37)
    CROWNED HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Magnificent Greatstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  121. Evenus batesii  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:37)
    BATES' HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Bates' Greatstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)

  122. Evenus candidus  ______  EC
    CANDID HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  123. Evenus temathea  ______
    TIMID HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas)  

  124. Evenus gabriela  ______  EC

  125. Evenus regalis  ______  BRse  EC
    REGAL HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus CUPATHECLA

  126. Cupathecla cupentus  ______
    CUPENTUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)


    Genus THESTIUS

  127. Thestius epopea  ______  EC
    EPOPEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

  128. Thestius lycabas  ______  EC

  129. Thestius meridionalis  ______  EC

  130. Thestius pholeus  ______  EC

  131. Thestius selina  ______  EC

  132. There are 2 Thestius sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  133. Thestius azaria  ______  BRse


    Genus ALLOMAITIA  
    genus created in 1964

  134. Allomaitia strophius  (formerly A. pion)  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:40) (PE:text)
    STROPHIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  135. Allomaitia mytusa  ______  EC
    MYTUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Bolivia)


    Genus LAOTHUS
       genus created in 1997

  136. Laothus erybathis  ______  (MCA:42)
    ERYBATHIS HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name, further north in its range, is the Mexican Elstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  137. Laothus oceia (or laothose______
    OCEIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  138. Laothus gibberosa  ______  EC

  139. Laothus phydela  ______  BRse


    Genus JANTHECLA 
      genus created in 1991

  140. Janthecla cydonia  ______  EC
    CYDONIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)  

  141. Janthecla janthina  ______  EC
    JANTHINA NAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  142. Janthecla leea  ______  EC  (species described in 1991)

  143. Janthecla rocena  ______  EC
    ROCENA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 

  144. There is a Janthecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus LAMPROSPILUS

  145. Lamprospilus collucia  ______
    TWO-TONED GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  146. Lamprospilus coelicolor  ______
    CENTRAL AMERICAN GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia)

  147. Lamprospilus badaca  ______  EC

  148. Lamprospilus canacha  ______  EC

  149. Lamprospilus nicetus  ______  EC

  150. Lamprospilus orcidia  ______  EC

  151. There are 6 Lamprospilus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  152. Lamprospilus arza  ______  BRse

  153. Lamprospilus badaca  ______  BRse

  154. Lamprospilus nubilum  ______  BRse


    Genus MEGATHECLA  
    genus created in 2002

  155. Megathecla cupentus  ______  BRse  EC

  156. Megathecla gigantea  ______  EC 


    Genus ARZECLA

  157. Arzecla arza  ______
    SINGLE-BANDED GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 

  158. Arzecla paralus  ______
    PARALUS GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela)

  159. Arzecla teminella  ______
    TEMINELLA GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus ARUMECLA

  160. Arumecla galliena  ______
    RED-BASED GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)


    Genus BISTONINA  
    genus created in 2004

  161. Bistonina erema  ______  EC


    Genus CAMISSECLA  
    genus created in 2004

  162. Camissecla charichlorus  ______
    CHARICHLORUS GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Honduras to Colombia) 

  163. Camissecla camissa  ______  EC

  164. Camissecla cleocha  ______  EC

  165. Camissecla pactya  ______  EC

  166. Camissecla saphronotis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1993)

  167. Camissecla vesper  ______  EC

  168. There are 2 Camissecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PARRHASIUS

  169. Parrhasius polibetes  ______
    BLACK-SPOT HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay) 

  170. Parrhasius orgia  ______
    Parrhasius orgia orgia ______ ARne  (MM:197) 
    subspecies in northeast Argentina 
    VARIABLE HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Turquoise-M Hairstreak)
    AR common name: Orgia
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and Brazil) 

  171. Parrhasius selika  ______
    BRAZILIAN M-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to Brazil)

    Parrhasius selika is similar to Parrhasius m-album of North America. 

  172. Parrhasius polibetes  ______  BRse


    Genus PANTHIADES

  173. Panthiades bitias  ______  BRmg  EC  (MCA:42)
    BITIAS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Eclipsed Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  174. Panthiades ochus  ______  (MCA:42)
    OCHUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Hatched Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

  175. Panthiades bathildis  ______  (MCA:42)
    ZEBRA-STRIPED HAIRSTREAK
      (or Zebra Cross-streak)
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil)

  176. Panthiades phaleros  ______  EC  (MCA:42)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    PHALEROS HAIRSTREAK  (or Black-barred Cross-streak)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  177. Panthiades aeolus  ______  EC

  178. Panthiades paphlagon  ______  EC

  179. Panthiades hebracus  ______  BRse


    Genus PORTHECLA

  180. Porthecla porthura  ______
    PORTHURA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Honduras to western Ecuador)

  181. Porthecla ravus  ______
    RAVUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas)

  182. Porthecla melleus  ______
    MELLEUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  183. Porthecla annette  ______  (species described in 2011)
    ANNETTE'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Amazonas) 


    Genus THEPYTUS

  184. Thepytus epytus  ______
    EPYTUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Ecuador)

  185. Thepytus echelta  ______  (MCA:43)
    VELVET HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)   

  186. Thepytus thyrea  ______  BRse


    Genus OENOMAUS: 
    Hairstreaks of North and South America, relatively large and with iridescent colors. Live in lightly wooded areas.

     
  187. Oenomaus ortygnus ______ (MCA:38,44) (PE:text)
    AQUAMARINE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  188. Oenomaus cyanovenata  ______
    VEINED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas)

  189. Oenomaus atesa  ______
    ATESA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)

  190. Oenomaus atena  ______
    ATENA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Guatemala to Amazonas)


    Genus TMOLUS: Dimorphic tailed hairstreaks with dark uppers and light undersides. 

  191. Tmolus echion ______  AR  BR  EC  (F:278) (K: 119) (MCA:46) (PE:13)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1767)
    Tmolus echion echiolus  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:206) 
    subspecies from Mexico to southern Brazil
    RED-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK 
    (other names: Echion Hairstreak, Four-spotted Hairstreak, Larger Lantana Butterfly)
    AR common name: Tmolos  (in mythology, Tmolos was the father of Tantalo) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil and northeast Argentina)

    Tmolus echion is introduced into some places, such as Mexico & Hawaii, to control lantana, its caterpillar food plant.

  192. Tmolus crolinus  ______  
    CROLINUS HAIRSTEAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)  

  193. Tmolus mutina  ______  BR
    MUTINA MIDISTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas and northern Brazil)

  194. Tmolus cydrara  ______  BRse  EC
    CYDRARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  195. There are 2 Tmolus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 

  196. Tmolus venustus  ______  BRse   In southeast Brazil, occurs in the area of Itatiaia National Park


    Genus LATHECLA  
    genus created in 2004

  197. Lathecla latagus  ______  EC

  198. There is a Lathecla sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus NICOLAEA  
    genus created in 1993

  199. Nicolaea dolium  ______  BR
    DOLIUM HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  200. Nicolaea velina  (or phobe______  BR  EC
    GARNET-PATCHED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)   

  201. Nicolaea heraldica  ______  BR
    HERALDICA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to central Brazil)

  202. Nicolaea ophia  ______  BR
    OPHIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to southern Brazil) 

  203. There are 3 Nicolaea sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus MINISTRYMON
    : HAIRSTREAKS of North & South America that have adaptations for living in deserts. Breed on mesquites, spiny trees, and shrubs of the Proposis genus, which grow in deserts, especially by watercourses. The colors of the butterflies are blue, gray, and black.  

  204. Ministrymon azia  (or guacanagari) ______  CH  EC  (K:119) (MCA:46) (PE:13)
    GRAY MINISTREAK 
    (or Azia Hairstreak)
    CH common name: Licena Invasora
    (Range: south Texas to southern Brazil and Argentina, also West Indies. In Chile, from Arica to Atacama)

    Ministrymon azia lives in arid places. It favors thorn scrub and matorral.

  205. Ministrymon inoa  ______  
    VERACRUZAN MINISTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 

  206. Ministrymon cleon  ______  BRse  EC
    CLEON MINISTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to southern Brazil)

  207. Ministrymon zilda  ______  EC
    SQUARE-SPOTTED MINISTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 

  208. Ministrymon phrutus  ______  BR
    PURPLE-WEBBED MINISTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  209. Ministrymon una  ______  ARne  BRse  EC  (MCA:46) (MM:204)
    PALE MINISTREAK
    AR common name: Frotadora Palida 
    (translates to "Pale Rubber")

  210. Ministrymon quebradivaga  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de la Quebrada
    (Range: in Chile, in the valleys of Arica and Tarapaca)

    Ministrymon quebradivaga
    flies above treetops. 


    Genus EXORBAETTA  
    genus created in 1997

  211. Exorbaetta metanira  ______  EC


    Genus GARGINA:   genus created in 2004 

  212. Gargina thyesta  ______
    THYESTA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  213. Gargina thoria  ______
    THORIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  214. Gargina emessa  ______  EC
    EMESSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)

  215. Gargina gnosia  ______  EC
    GNOSIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  216. Gargina gargophia  ______  
    GARGOPHIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  217. Gargina caninius  ______
    CANINUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus EISELIANA

  218. Eiseliana bicolor  ______  CH
    BICOLORED HAIRSTREAK
    CH common name: Licena de Dos Colores
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Biobio, where it is common near flowers and flowering shrubs)


    Genus HEODA

  219. Heoda wagenknecti  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de Wagenknect
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Coquimbo, in a variety of habitats)

    Heoda wagenkncecti is gray with a large spot of orange on the wings. 

  220. Heoda nivea  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Nevada
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Aisen, in Andean foothills)   

    Heoda nivea is brown. 


    Genus SIDERUS

  221. Siderus leucophaeus  ______  EC
    WHITE-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)

  222. Siderus bouvieri  ______  EC

  223. Siderus philinna  ______  BRse  EC
    BOLD-SPOTTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  224. There are 3 Siderus sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus STREPHONOTA:  
    genus created in 1997 

  225. Strephonota (was Siderus) tephraeus  ______  BRse  EC  (MCA:49) (PE:text)
    PEARLY-GRAY HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tephraeus Hairstreak
    (Range: south Texas, USA and Mexico to Brazil)

  226. Strephonota sphinx  ______  BRse  EC
    SPHINX HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Brazil)

  227. Strephonota syedra  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
    SYEDRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or White-banded Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  228. Strephonota ambrax  ______  EC  (MCA:49)
    AMBRAX HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  229. Strephonota ericeta  ______  (MCA:49)
    ERICETA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Flying-W Hairstreak
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  230. Strephonota agrippa  ______  EC

  231. Strephonota carteia  ______  EC

  232. Strephonota cyllarissus  ______  EC

  233. Strephonota parvipuncta  ______  EC

  234. Strephonota trebonia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  235. Strephonota tyriam  ______  EC

  236. There are 6 Strephonota sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 

  237. Strephonota elika  ______  BRse


    Genus THECLOPSIS

  238. Theclopsis mycon  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
    MYCON HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Burnt-chocolate Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)

  239. Theclopsis demea  ______
    DEMEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  240. Theclopsis epidius  ______
    EPIDIUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia)

  241. Theclopsis gargara  ______
    GARGARA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to southern Brazil)

  242. Theoclopsis lydus  ______  EC

  243. There is a Theclopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus OSTRINOTES:  
    genus created in 1997

  244. Ostrinotes haliciones  ______  EC  (MCA:48)
    HALCIONES HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Halcyon Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  245. Ostrinotes keila  ______  (MCA:48)
    KEILA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Pungent Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  246. Ostrinotes purpuriticus  ______  (MCA:48)
    CRYTIC HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Druce's Hairstreak)
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Colombia)

  247. Ostrinotes empusa  ______
    EMPUSA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Argentina)

  248. There is a Ostrinotes sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  249. Ostrinotes sophocles  ______  ARne  BRse  (MM:205)  (was Thecla sophocles)
    AR common name: Sofocles  (
    re the name: Sofoles was 1 of 3 most important Greek playwrights, 496-406 B.C.)

  250. Ostrinotes tympania  ______  BRse


    Genus MICHAELUS

  251. Michaelus phoenissa  ______  (MCA:41)
    TWO-BANDED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to northern Brazil and Peru)

  252. Michaelus jebus  ______  BRse  (MCA:41)
    VARIEGATED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil)

  253. Michaelus thordesa  ______  BRmg  (MCA:41)
    THORDESA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Milky Way Hairstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil) 

  254. Michaelus ira  ______  (MCA:41)
    IRA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Shadowed Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina and southeastern Brazil)

  255. Michaelus joseph  ______  (species described in 2010)
    JOSEPH HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the western Amazon, Brazil and Peru)


    Genus IGNATA

  256. Ignata caldas  ______  (species described in 2010)
    CALDAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southeast Peru)

  257. Ignata brasiliensis  ______  BRmg
    BRAZILIAN HAIRSTREAK

  258. Ignata norax  ______  ARne  (MCA:49) (MM:200)  (was Thecla conchylium)
    NORAX HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name:
    Spanish to English translates to "Little Snail" 
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus OLYNTHUS

  259. Olynthus narbal  ______
    NARBAL HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas and Peru)

  260. Olynthus hypsea  ______
    HYPSEA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)

  261. Olynthus punctum (or stigmatos______
    PUNCTUM HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas and central Brazil)


    Genus HYPOSTRYMON

  262. Hypostrymon asa  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    ASA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Garnet-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)

  263. There is a Hypostrymon sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus APUECIA

  264. Apuecia upupa  ______  
    UPUPA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)


    Genus NESIOSTRYMON

  265. Nesiostrymon calachinia  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CALACHINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tied Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  266. Nesiostrymon celona  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CELONA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Village Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  267. Nesiostrymon dodava  ______  (MCA:44)
    DODAVA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Brown-and-blue Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)


    Genus AUBERGINA

  268. Aubergina vanessoides  ______
    VANESSOIDES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Colombia to Brazil)

  269. Aubergina paetus  ______
    PAETUS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  270. Aubergina hicetas  ______
    HICETAS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  271. Aubergina hesychia  ______
    HESYCHIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus TERENTHINA

  272. Terenthina terentia  ______
    TERENTIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus IASPIS

  273. Iaspis temesa  ______  (MCA:49)
    TEMESA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Yellow-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil)

  274. Iaspis andersoni  ______    (species described in 2010)
    ANDERSON'S HAIRSTREAK  
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

  275. Iaspis beera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  276. Iaspis talayra  ______  BRse  EC

  277. Iaspis thabena  ______  EC

  278. Iaspis verania  ______  EC


    Genus CELMIA: 
    (genus created in 1991)

  279. Celmia celmus  ______  BRmg,se  EC  (MCA:45)
    CELMUS HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Chutes-and-ladders Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and Brazil)

  280. Celmia conoveria  ______  (MCA:45)
    CONOVERIA HAIRSTREAK 
    (another name is Base-line Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  281. There is a Celmia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus DICYA

  282. Dicya dicaea  ______  (MCA:45)
    DICAEA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Wine-spotted Hairstreak
    (Range; Mexico to Brazil)

  283. Dicya carnica  ______  EC  (MCA:45)
    CARNICA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Tear-spotted Hairstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)

  284. Dicya iambe  ______  EC
    IAMBE HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)


    Genus ERORA

  285. Erora subflorens  ______  (MCA:53)
    EMERALD HAIRSTREAK
      (or Sweet Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  286. Erora aura  ______  (MCA:53)
    AURA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Shimmering Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to western Colombia)

  287. Erora caria  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    CARIA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Black-edged Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  288. Erora gabina  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    GABINA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Salvin's Dreamstreak
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  289. Erora opisena  ______  (MCA:53)
    OPISENA HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Druce's Dreamstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  290. Erora badeta  ______
    BADETA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  291. Erora lampetia  ______
    LAMPETIA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  292. There are 2 Erora sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  293. Erora campa  ______  BRse


    Genus SEMONINA:  
    genus created in 2004

  294. Semonina ares  ______  EC
    ARES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Panama to western Ecuador)

  295. Semonina semones  ______
    SEMONES HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus CHALYS

  296. Chalys janias  ______  (MCA:53)
    JANIAS GREENSTREAK 
    (or Cramer's Emeraldstreak)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  297. Chalys hassan  ______  EC  (MCA:53)
    HASSAN GREENSTREAK 
    (or Red-spotted Emeraldstreak) 
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  298. Chalys lineata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus SYMBIOPSIS  
    genus created in 1971 

  299. Symbiopsis tanais  ______
    TANAIS HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  300. Symbiopsis rickmani  ______
    RICKMAN'S HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia) 

  301. Symbiopsis morpho  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1971)

  302. There is a Symbiopsis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  303. Symbiopsis strenua  ______  BRse


    Genus CALYCOPIS:
    Small, tailed LYCAENIDS, mostly in South America. 

  304. Calycopis isobeon ______ (MCA:51) (PE:13)
    DUSKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK
     
    (or Dusky-blue Hairstreak)
    (Range: Texas to Venezuela)


  305. Calycopis caesaries  ______
    CAESARIES GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Belize to northern Brazil)

  306. Calycopis bellera  ______
    BELLERA GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Panama, Surinam, Brazil)  

  307. Calycopis thama  ______
    THAMA HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  308. Calycopis atnius  ______  EC
    ATNIUS GROUNDSTREAK

  309. Calycopis buphonia  ______  EC
    BUPHONIA GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil) 

  310. Calycopis cerata  ______  EC
    CERATA GROUNDSTREAK

  311. Calycopis cicera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 2005)

  312. Calycopis demonassa  ______  EC
    SHINING GROUNDSTREAK

  313. Calycopis mimas  ______  EC
    MIMAS GROUNDSTREAK

  314. Calycopis orcillula  ______  EC
    STRAND'S GROUNDSTREAK

  315. Calycopis pisis  ______  EC
    PISIS GROUNDSTREAK

  316. Calycopis spadectis  ______ EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1993)

  317. Calycopis trebula  ______  EC  
    TREBULA GROUNDSTREAK

  318. Calycopis vidulus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  319. There is a Calycopis sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.

  320. Calycopis caulonia  ______  BRse

  321. Calycopis gentilla  ______  BRse


    Genus ZIEGLERIA  
    genus created in 1993

  322. Ziegleria hesperitis  ______  BRse  EC
    HESPERITIS GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 

  323. Ziegleria ceromia  ______  EC

  324. Ziegleria perisus  ______  EC

  325. Ziegleria syllis  ______  EC


    Genus KISULAM

  326. Kisulam syllis  ______
    SKY-BLUE GROUNDSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus ELECTROSTRYMON:  
    genus created in 1961 

  327. Electrostrymon hugon (or sangala, or cyphara)  ______  EC  (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:13)
    RUDDY HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: south Texas to Venezuela)

  328. Electrostrymon canus ______ (K:103) (MCA:51) (PE:text) 
    MUTED HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: south Texas to Peru)

  329. Electrostrymon endymion ______  ARne  EC  (MM:201)
    ENDYMION HAIRSTREAK 
    (re the name: Endymion in Greek mythology was a shepherd who lulled in perpetual sleep.)  

  330. Electrostrymon joya  ______  EC

  331. Electrostrymon mathewi  ______  EC


    Genus STRYMON: SCRUB HAIRSTREAKS: In both North & South America. Butterflies exhibit seasonal variation. 

  332. Strymon melinus ______ (C:181) (F:274) (K: 93) (MCA:47) (PE:15) (S:90)  
    GRAY HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern Canada to South America)

    Strymon melinus is widely distributed in North & Central America, living in many different types of open habitat. It has been recorded breeding on over 50 species of plants.

  333. Strymon rufofusca  ______  EC  (K:123) (PE:15)
    RED-CRESCENT SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Reddish Hairstreak)
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina, also Grenada)

  334. Strymon yojoa  ______  BRse  EC  (EBE:192) (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
    YOJOA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  335. Strymon albata  (or sedecia)  ______  (F:273) (K:123) (MCA:47) (PE:15)
    WHITE SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

    Strymon albata is a migrant, with some flights from Central America reaching the southern US. 

  336. Strymon alea  ______ 
    LACEY'S SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Texas to Venezuela)

  337. Strymon istapa (or columella)  (ph)  ______  EC  (K:121) (MCA:47) (PE:14)
    Strymon istapa istapa  ______ 
    subspecies from Texas, USA & Mexico to Argentina
    MALLOW SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southern US to Argentina, and in the West Indies)



    A Mallow Scrub-Hairstreak photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


  338. Strymon ahrenholzi  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)

  339. Strymon bubastus  ______  EC

  340. Strymon cestri  ______  EC
    TAILLESS SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: southwest US to southern Brazil) 

  341. Strymon daraba  ______  EC

  342. Strymon gabatha  ______  EC
    GREAT SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to Peru) 

  343. Strymon lucena  ______  EC

  344. Stymon michelle  ______  EC  (species described in 2005)

  345. Stymon serapio  ______  EC
    BROMELIAD SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil, as a stray north to south Texas)  

  346. Stymon ziba  ______  BRse  EC
    ZIBA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil and Argentina) 

  347. Strymon bazochii ______ AR  EC  (K:123) (MCA:47) (MM:207) (PE:15)
    Strymon bazochii bazochii  ______  ARne  EC 
    subspecies from south Texas and Mexico to Argentina
    LANTANA SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK 
    (or Bazochii Hairstreak
    AR common name: Azul del Camara  ("Smaller Lantana Butterfly") (refers to one of the host plants, Lantana camara)
    (Range: south Texas to Paraguay & northeast Argentina, also Greater Antilles)

  348. Strymon mulucha ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (MCA:47) (MM:208)
    MOTTLED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    AR common name: Frotadora Linea Blanca 
    (translates to "White Line Rubber", refers to the white hyphen on the forewings below)
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil) 

  349. Strymon astiocha ______ ARne  BRse  (MCA:47) (MM:209)
    GRAY-SPOTTED SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK
    AR: common name: Astiocha
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)

  350. Strymon eurytulus ______ ARne  CH  (MM:210)
    AR common name: Frotadora 
    (translates to "Rubber", referring to a peculiar behavior as this butterfly drinks) 
    CH common name: Licena Tornasol Comun 
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Chiloe, in woodlands, fields, and gardens)

  351. Strymon crambusa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de Atacama
    (Range: in Chile, along the Atacama coast near Caldera, where it is rare)

  352. Strymon megarus ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (MM:211)
    MEGARUS SCRUB-HAIRSTREAK

    AR common name: Taladro de la Pina 
    ("Pineapple Drill", refers to the host plant) 
    (Range: Mexico to southern Brazil)


    Genus TIMAETA 
      genus created in 1997

  353. Timaeta balzabamba  ______  EC

  354. There are 4 Timaeta sp. in Ecuador soon to be described. 


    Genus RHAMMA  
    genus created in 1992

  355. Rhamma commodus  ______  EC

  356. Rhamma oxida  ______  EC

  357. Rhamma tyrrius  ______  EC

  358. Rhamma adunca  ______  EC

  359. Rhamma hybla  ______  EC

  360. Rhamma arria  ______  EC

  361. There is a Rhamma sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PHOTHECLA  
    genus created in 2004

  362. Phothecla photismos  ______  EC


    Genus SALAZARIA 
    genus created in 2001

  363. There are 4 Salazaria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus TEMECIA 
    genus created in 2004

  364. Temecia tema  ______  EC  


    Genus PENAINCISALIA 
      genus created in 1990

  365. Penaincisalia loxurina  ______  EC

  366. Penaincisalia atymna  ______  EC

  367. Penaincisalia browni  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)

  368. Penaincisalia saraha  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)

  369. Penaincisalia vittata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1992)

  370. Penaincisalia purpurea  ______  EC  (species described in 1992)

  371. Penaincisalia balzapampa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1992)

  372. Penaincisalia bimediana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1990)

  373. Penaincisalia amatista  ______  EC

  374. Penaincisalia penai  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1990)

  375. Penaincisalia alcaera  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)

  376. Penaincisalia sigsiga  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)

  377. There are 6 Penaincisalia sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus PODANOTUM 
       genus created in 1996

  378. Podanotum melanissimum  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 2006)

  379. Podanotum clarissimus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)

  380. There are 4 Podanotum sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.


    Genus BUSBIINA 
      genus created in 2004

  381. Bisbiina borora  ______  EC



    Subfamily POLYOMMATINAE: BLUES

    Very small butterflies, mostly blue above. Females of many are browner.


    Genus ITYLOS

  382. Itylos titicaca  ______  CH
    DWARF BLUE
    CH common name:  Licena enana
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Antofagasta; also in Peru and Bolivia)

    Itylos titicaca is found in Astagalus milk vetch on the puna steppe, and in bofedales and Polylepis groves above 10,000 feet.


    Genus LEPTOTES

    In Ecuador, butterflies in the genera LEPTOTES and HEMIARGUS (below) can be common in open areas by the Coast (especially), and in the Amazon, cloud forests, and some Andean valleys.
    They are found pollinizing flowers or on wet soils.
    Host plants and in the legume families in Mimosaceae (Acacia spp., Prosopis spp.) and Fabaceae (Astralagus  spp., Medicago spp.)   

     
  383. Leptotes andicola  ______  EC

  384. Leptotes cassius  (ph)  ______  AR  BR  EC  (K:127) (MCA:55) (PE:16) (S:99) 
    Leptotes cassius cassius  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  (MM:215) 
    subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    CASSIUS BLUE
    AR common name: Azul Litacea  
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

    Males of Leptotes cassius are a light lilac-blue, females are mainly white.






    Two photos of a Cassius Blue photographed during a FONT tour
    (photos by Marie Gardner)

  385. Leptotes delalande  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  386. Leptotes marina  _____  EC  (EBE:140)
    MARINE BLUE

  387. Leptotes parrhasioides  ______  EC  (endemic to the Galapagos Islands)

  388. Leptotes trigemmatus  ______  CH
    TAMARUGO BLUE
    CH common name: Licena del Tamarugo
    (Range: in Chile, from Arica to Santiago)

    The larvae of Leptotes trigemmatus live in association with ants. The larvae feed on buds, flowers, and leaves, of Prosopis tamarugo, a tree cultivated for fodder in the Atacama Desert. These larvae are a major food source for the bird known as the Tamarugo Conebill.     


    Genus ZIZULA:
     

  389. Zizula cyna ______ ARne  BRse  EC  (F:279) (K:127) (MCA:55) (MM:213) (PE:15)
    CYNA BLUE
    AR common name: Miri 
    (a Guarani word meaning "small")
    (Range: south Texas to Argentina)

    Zizula cyna occurs in deserts and scrubby areas. It is one of the smallest butterflies. They sway from side to side when perched.


    Genus PSEUOLUCIA:  There are 21 species in this genus in Chile. They come in a broad range of colors, ranging from blue to brown to silver, often with orange, white, or brown patterns and an overlay of blue to silver iridescence. 
    Females and males differ in color or markings in most species.

  390. Pseuolucia chilensis  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Morena
    (Range: in Chile, from Atacama to Santiago)

  391. Pseuolucia collina  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Celeste
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Nuble)

    Pseudolucia collina butterflies are often seen resting on the ground, or flying around flowers and shrubs in open areas in the foothills of the Andes.  

  392. Pseudolucia lyrnessa  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena Confusa
    (Range: in Chile, from Coquimbo to Biobio)

  393. Pseudolucia aureliana  ______  CH
    AURELIAN BLUE
    (Range: in Chile, in the Atacama Mountains)

    Both males and females of the Aurelian Blue are a deep lustrous blue with checkered fringes. 
    The species is named for "the Aurelian", a short story in which Pilgrim, an ardent butterfly collector, is unable to fulfill his dream of journeying to the tropics.

  394. Pseudolucia charlotte  ______  CH
    CHARLOTTE'S BLUE
    (Range: in Patagonian areas of Argentina & Chile)

    Pseudolucia charlotte
    is named for Lolita's mother, Charlotte.

  395. Pseudolucia hazeorum  ______  CH
    CH common name: Licena de los Haze
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes above 6,500 feet above sea level)

  396. Pseudolucia whitakeri  ______  CH
    WHITAKER'S BLUE
    (Range: in Chile and Argentina in Patagonia) 

  397. Pseudolucia zembla  ______  CH
    ZEMBLA BLUE
    (Range: in Chile, in the Andes)     



    Genus HEMIARGUS:
    Commonly called "eyed blues", these butterflies occur in both North & South America. 
    The common name is from 2 or 3 eye-spots on the undersides of the hindwings. 
    They breed on a wide variety of members of the pea family, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae and Fabaceae).

    Regarding these butterflies in Ecuador, see notes above under LEPTOTES.  

       
  398. Hemiargus ceraunus  (or zachaeina) (ph)  ______  (EBE:140) (K:129) (MCA:55) (PE:15)
    CERAUNUS BLUE
    (Range: southern US to South America, also West Indies)

    Hemiargus ceraunus
    and the following species, Hemiargus hanno, may be conspecific.



    Ceraunus Blue
    (photo by Lisa Johnson)

  399. Hemiargus hanno ______ AR  BR  EC  (EBE:7,140) 
    Hemiargus hanno hanno  ______  ARne  BRmg,se  (MM:214) 
    subspecies in southeast Brazil and northeast Argentina
    HANNO BLUE
    AR common name: Miri Manchada  ("Spotted Miri") 
    (the spots are on the hind wings below) 
    (Range: mainly South America, but exact range uncertain)

  400. Hemiargus ramon  ______  EC  (occurs in the Galapagos Islands) 


    Genus ECHINARGUS 
      genus created in 1945

  401. Echinargus martha  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus ELKALYCE

  402. Elkalyce cogina  ______  BRse


    Genus NABOKOVIA 
      genus created in 1960

  403. Nabokovia faga  ______  EC


    Genus MADELINEA 
      genus created in 1993

  404. Madelinea koa  ______  EC

  405. Madelinea nodo  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  406. Madelinea vokoban  ______  EC  (species either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, described in 1995)



    Subfamilies EUSELASIINAE and RIODINIDAE: METALMARKS  
    named for the gold, silver, or copper-colored metallic scales on the wings of
    many of the species 

    Nearly 2,000 species
    are known, found mainly in the American tropics. 
    With individual species not being particularly common, they generally occur in tropical habitats from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, with the greatest area of speciation being the Amazonian region.

    Their range of shapes, markings, and coloring is such that sometimes they resemble LYCAENIDS, ITHOMIIDS, SATYRIDS, PIERIDS, HELICONIDS, and even some SKIPPERS and MOTHS.
    At other times they are so extravagantly or outrageously shaped and decorated as to be almost parodies of the whole Order of Lepidoptera! 
     
    Habitually, these butterflies land on the undersides of foliage, with their wings spread wide open. They are often secretive butterflies. As one is underneath a leaf, its antennae can be held forward, as its eyes peep out from the margin of the leaf, watching intently, and as it observes the human observer with deep suspicion.
    If the hopeful observer of the butterfly approaches deliberately and slowly, the butterfly may permit a closer encounter, but if there's too much familiarity, off it will go to the security of another leaf.

    There are, however, other RIODINIDS that will frolic openly from flower to flower, spreading their wings open in the bright sunshine, almost provocatively and seemingly conscious of their great beauty.
    Again, that is while yet others will retreat into the darkness of the dense forest, coming out only briefly to a sunlit spot, and then doing so in great haste.
    Some RIOINIDS like to run about on their legs once they settle on a flower or under a leaf. Others will "play dead" when taken out of the net.    

    Referring to both EUSELASIINE and RIODINIDAE as if one entity, the RIOINIDS are indeed a delightfully enigmatic group, being, as it has been said here, a grouping with prodigious variety.       


    Subfamily EUSELASIINAE


    Genus HADES: mostly South American metalmarks with rounded wings

       
  407. Hades noctula ______  (DA:243) (DV2:1) (F:237) (MCA:59)
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela)

  408. Hades hecamede  ______  EC


    Genus METHONE

  409. Methone cecilia ______  EC  (DA:242) (DV2:1)
    CECILIA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and the Amazon basin) 


    Genus EUSELASIA: 
    A large group of over 100 species of metalmarks in Central and South America. They often sexually dimorphic, and often have a pattern of lines and waves on their undersides.

  410. Euselasia pellonia  ______
    Euselasia pellonia pellonia  ______ 
    subspecies in Costa Rica, Peru
    RED-RIMMED EUSELASIA 

  411. Euselasia bettina  ______  EC  (DV2:1)
    BLACK-TOPPED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  412. Euselasia eusepus  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    EUSEPUS EUSELASIA 
    (or Tea-banded Sombermark)
    (Range: Panama to southern Brazil)

  413. Euselasia chrysippe  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    GOLDEN EUSELASIA 
    (or Golden Sombermark)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  414. Euselasia regipennis  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia regipennis eupepla  ______ 
    subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    PURPLE-TOPPED EUSELASIA 
    (or Purple-topped Sombermark)

  415. Euselasia corduena  (ph)  ______  EC
    Euselasia corduena anadema  ______  (DV2:1) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
    STRIPED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 



    Striped Euselasia
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


  416. Euselasia labdacus ______  EC
    Euselasia labdacus reducta  ______  (DV2:2) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
    RED-BANDED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  417. Euselasia eucrates  ______  EC  (MCA:56)
    Euselasia eucrates leucorrhoa  ______ (DV2:2) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela
    GODMAN'S EUSELASIA 
    (or Mousy Sombermark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  418. Euselasia gyda  ______  EC  (DV2:2)
    PEARLY-VENTERED EUSELASIA    
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  419. Euselasia mys  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia mys mys  ______ 
    subspecies from Belize to the Guianas and Amazonas
    VARIABLE EUSELASIA 
    (or Confused Sombermark)

  420. Euselasia procula  ______  (MCA:57)
    ORANGE-COSTA EUSELASIA 
    (or Orange-costa Sombermark)
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  421. Euselasia hieronymi  ______  EC  (MCA:57)
    Euselasia hieronymi bianala  ______  EC 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
    RED-RAYED EUSELASIA 
      (or Red-rayed Sombermark)

  422. Euselasia midas  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    MIDAS EUSELASIA  
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and Brazil) 

  423. Euselasia euoras  ______  EC  (DV2: text)
    PURPLE-WASHED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru and Brazil)

  424. Euselasia aurantiaca ______ (DV2:3) (MCA:56)
    FIERY EUSELASIA 
    (or Fiery Sombermark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela) 

  425. Euselasia eurypus (or angulata)  ______  (DV2:3)
    STUB-TAILED EUSELASIA 
    (Range: southeast Mexico to Brazil)

  426. Euselasia onorata  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    WHITEWASHED EUSELASIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  427. Euselasia subargentea  ______  (MCA:57)
    GREAT EUSELASIA 
    (or Orange-spotted Sombermark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  428. Euselasia euboea  ______  BR
    Euselasia euboea euboea  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil
    Euselasia euboea pasoula  ______  (DA:241) 
    subspecies described in 2004, in French Guiana

  429. Euselasia euriteus  ______  BR  (DA:241)  in Brazil, Peru 

  430. Euselasia thucydides  ______  BR
    Euselasia thucydides thucydides  ______  BR 
    subspecies in eastern Brazil, from Bahia south to Santa Catarina
    Euselasia thucydides truncata  ______  BR  (DA:242) 
    subspecies in Brazil from the planalto in Goias east to Brasilia and Serra do Cipo in Minas Gerais, subspecies described in 2001

    Males of Euselasia thucydides, as well as others in the genus, perch during the early morning on sunlit margins of gallery forests, resting under the leaves about 3 feet above the ground with their wings folded.
    They fly rapidly, chasing each other, and then return to their perches.  

  431. Euselasia alcmena  ______  EC

  432. Euselasia andreae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  433. Euselasia angulata  ______  EC

  434. Euselasia archelaus  ______  EC

  435. Euselasia argentea  ______  EC

  436. Euselasia athena  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  437. Euselasia cafusa  ______  EC

  438. Euselasia chinguala  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  439. Eurselasia cyanofusa  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  440. Euselasia effima  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  441. Euselasia ella  ______  EC

  442. Euselasia erythraea  ______  EC  (DA:241)  in Ecuador, Peru 

  443. Eureslasia eulione  ______  EC

  444. Euselasia eumedia  ______  EC

  445. Euselasia eumenes  ______  EC

  446. Euselasia euphaes  ______  EC

  447. Euselasia eurymachus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  448. Euselasia euryone  ______  EC

  449. Euselasia eutychus  ______  EC

  450. Euselasia fabia  ______  EC 

  451. Euselasia fervida  ______  EC

  452. Euselasia illarina  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  453. Euselasia issoria  ______  BR  EC  (DA:241)  in Brazil and Ecuador  

  454. Euselasia jigginsi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  455. Euselasia kartopus  ______  EC

  456. Euselasia mapatayana  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  457. Euselasia opalescens  ______  EC

  458. Euselasia orba  ______  EC

  459. Euselasia orfita  ______  EC  (DA:241)  in Ecuador

  460. Euselasia nauca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)  

  461. Euselasia palla  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 

  462. Euselasia perisama  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  463. Euselasia pillaca  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  464. Euselasia praeclara  ______  EC  (DA:242)   in Ecuador and Peru

  465. Euselasia rhodogyne  ______  EC

  466. Euselasia teleclus  ______  EC

  467. Euselasia zena  ______  EC

  468. Euselasia hygenius  ______
    Euselasia hygenius occulta ______ ARne  (MM:216) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Simuladora 
    (translates to "Pretender", referring to the similarity with some SATYRINAE)

  469. Euselasia utica ______ ARne  (MM:217)
    AR common name: Nemi Naranja 
    (translates to "Orange Nemi", Nemi is a Guarani word meaning hidden. The butterfly rests on the underside of leaves, with wings folded.) 

  470. Euselasia eugeon ______ ARne  (MM:218)
    AR common name: Patas Amarillas  (translates to "Yellow Legs")


    TRUE METALMARKS 

    Subfamily RIOININAE, Tribe HELICOPINI


    Genus HELICOPIS

  471. Helicopis cupido  ______  BR  EC  (DA:243) (EBE:191)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    SPANGLED CUPID

    Helicopis cupido occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador; also Trinidad.
    There are 9 named subspecies.
    It occurs in primary rainforest, between 600 and 2,400 feet above sea level, most often in wet areas, by and in marshes, and at the edge of lagoons.

  472. Helicopis gnidus  ______  BR  (DA:243)
    GNIDUS METALMARK

    Helicopis gnidus occurs in Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, Peru. There are 7 named subspecies.

  473. Helicopis endymiaena  ______


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe MESOSEMIINI   


    Genus PEROPHTHALMA

  474. Perophthalma tullius  ______  EC  (DV2:3)
    TULLIUS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  475. Perophthalma lasciva  ______
    (Range: Colombia)


    Genus LEUCOCHIMONA

  476. Leucochimona vestalis  ______  EC  (DV2:4) (MCA:58)
    VESTALIS METALAMRK 
    (or White Eyemark)
    (Range: Guatemala to Ecuador) 

  477. Leucochimona lagora  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
    LAGORA METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador and the Guianas)

  478. Leucochimona aequatorialis  ______  EC

  479. Leucochimona icare  ______  EC


    Genus MESOSEMIA:  EYEMARKS  


    About 120 species in mostly South America, characterized by quite prominent eye-spots on the forewing, giving a face-like appearance. Unusual for butterflies, they tend to hop through vegetation rather than fly.
    About 40 species occur in Ecuador.

    The genus MESOSEMIA, and the closely related SEMOMESIA are also said to be in the tribe RIODININI (below, in this list). 



    A butterfly in the Mesosemia genus in northern South America
    (photo by Sherry C. Nelson)

  480. Mesosemia coelestis  ______
    PALE-BLUE EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 

  481. Mesosemia hesperina  ______  EC  (DV2:4)
    HESPERINA EYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  482. Mesosemia zonalis  ______
    WHITENED EYED-METALMARK 
    (Range: Honduras to Colombia)

  483. Mesosemia cecropia  ______
    SPYING EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  484. Mesosemia hypermegala  ______
    HIDING EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  485. Mesosemia telegone  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
    VIOLET-WASHED EYED-METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Peru)   

  486. Mesosemia lamachus (or tertica)  ______  EC  (MCA:58)
    PURPLE-WASHED EYED-METALMARK 
    (or Purple-washed Eyemark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  487. Mesosemia pacifica  ______  in Colombia
    STICHEL'S EYEMARK

  488. Mesosemia asa  ______
    Mesosemia asa asopis  ______ 
    subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    DEEP-BLUE EYED-METALMARK


  489. Mesosemia grandis  ______  (DA:244)  in Colombia

  490. Mesosemia adida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  491. Mesosemia ahava  ______  EC

  492. Mesosemia anceps  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  493. Mesosemia antaerice  ______  EC

  494. Mesosemia asa  ______  EC

  495. Mesosemia cyanira  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  496. Mesosemia epidius  ______  EC

  497. Mesosemia erinnya  ______  EC

  498. Mesosemia eumene  ______  EC

  499. Mesosemia gneris  ______  EC

  500. Mesosemia ibycus  ______  EC

  501. Mesosemia latizonata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  502. Mesosemia judicialis  ______  EC

  503. Mesosemia loruhama  ______  EC  (DA:245)
    LORUHAMA EYEMARK
    (Range: Colombia to Bolivia)

  504. Mesosemia macella  ______  EC

  505. Mesosemia machaera  ______  EC

  506. Mesosemia macrina  ______  EC

  507. Mesosemia mamilia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  508. Mesosemia mancia  ______  EC  (EBE:187)  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  509. Mesosemia mehida  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  510. Mesosemia melpia  ______  EC

  511. Mesosemia mesoba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  512. Mesosemia messeis  ______  EC

  513. Mesosemia metope  ______  EC

  514. Mesosemia metuana  (ph)  ______  EC



    Mesosemia metuana
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  515. Mesosemia mevania  (ph)  ______  EC



    Mesosemia mevania
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  516. Mesosemia naiadella  ______  EC

  517. Mesosemia ozora  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  518. Mesosemia philocles  ______  BR  EC  (DA:244)  in Brazil  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)

  519. Mesosemia reba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador) 

  520. Mesosemia sibyllina  ______  EC

  521. Mesosemia sifia  ______  EC

  522. Mesosemia tenebricosa  ______  EC

  523. Mesosemia ulrica  ______  EC

  524. Mesosemia zanoa  ______  EC

  525. Mesosemia zikla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  526. Mesosemia zorea  ______  EC

  527. Mesosemia odice ______ ARne  (MM:219)
    AR common name: Ojitos  (translates to "Little Eyes")


    Genus SEMOMESIA:  EYEMARKS 

  528. Semomesia capanaea  ______  (DA:244)  in French Guiana

  529. Semomesia croesus  ______  BRmg  in Mato Grosso, Brazil
    CROESUS EYEMARK


    Genus MESOPHTHALMA

  530. Mesophthalma idotea  ______  (DA:244)  in Colombia


    Genus HYPHILARIA

  531. Hyphilaria thasus (or subrutila ______
    THASUS METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, Paraguay, and southern Brazil)

  532. Hyphilaria parthenis  ______  BR  EC  (DA:244)   
    FIRE-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas, Bolivia, and southern Brazil) 

  533. Hyphilaria anthias  ______  EC   

  534. Hyphilaria anophthalma  ______  EC


    Genus NAPAEA

  535. Napaea heteroea  ______
    BLUE-WASHED METALMARK
    (Range: Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, to Amazonas and southern Peru)

  536. Napaea actoris  ______
    ACTORIS METALMARK
    (Range: central & southern Amazonas, far southeastern Peru, Bolivia)

  537. Napaea beltiana (or malis, or aza ______  EC  (MCA:60)
    CLOUDED METALMARK
      (or Belted Metalmark
    (Range: southern Mexico to Amazonas and Bolivia)

  538. Napaea rufolimba  ______
    RED-MARGINED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Ecuador)

  539. Napaea eucharila  ______  EC  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
    WHITE-STITCHED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Paraguay and southern Brazil)

  540. Napaea theages  ______  EC  (DV2:5)
    (Range; Nicaragua to Ecuador) 

  541. Napaea merula  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  542. Napaea neildi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 

  543. Napaea nepos  ______  EC

  544. Napaea umbra  ______  EC


    Genus VOLTINIA

  545. Voltinia theata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    BLUE-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  546. Voltinia radiata  ______  
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK

  547. Voltinia (formerly Napaea) umbra  ______  (DV2:5) (MCA:60)
    QUILTED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 


    Genus HERMATHENA

  548. Hermathena ebuma (or oweni)  ______  (MCA:75)  
    WHITE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America)

  549. Hermathena candidata  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia)


    Genus ITHOMIOLA

  550. Ithomiola floralis  ______  EC  (DA:245)
    Ithomiola floralis celtilla  ______ 
    subspecies from eastern Panama to Bolivia
    CLEARWING METALMARK

  551. Ithomiola theages  ______  (MCA:60)
    Ithomiola theages theages  ______ 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to northwest Ecuador
    WHITE-SPOTTED METALMARK

  552. Ithomiola cribralis  ______  
    CLOUD-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador) 

  553. Ithomiola cascella  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Peru

  554. Ithomiola celtilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  555. Ithomiola callixena  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Ecuador

  556. Ithomiola buckleyi  ______  EC  (species described in 1998) 


    Genus CREMNA

  557. Cremna thasus  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)

  558. Cremna actoris  ______  EC

  559. Cremna calitra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  560. Cremna heteroea  ______  EC


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe EURYBIINI


    Genus ALESA

  561. Alesa amesis  ______  BR  EC  in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil

  562. Alesa fournierae  ______  BR  in Brazil  (species described in 1958)

  563. Alesa hemiurga  ______  BR  in Brazil
    HEMBURGA METALMARK

  564. Alesa lipara  ______  BR  in Brazil
    LIPARA METALMARK

  565. Alesa prema  ______  BR  (DA:245)  in Brazil, the Guianas 
    PREMA METALMARK

    The male of Alesa prema is a magnificent emerald-green. In another light of a deep blue reflection, it is with black markings.

  566. Alesa rothschildi  ______  in the Guianas

  567. Alesa telephae  ______  BR  in the Guianas and Brazil

  568. Alesa thelydrias  ______  BR  in Brazil   


    Genus EURYBIA:
      dark-colored Neotropical metalmarks with a conspicuous eye-spot on the forewing.

  569. Eurybia cyclopia  ______  EC
    Eurybia cyclopia cyclopia  ______  EC 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador
    FIRE-BORDERED EURYBIA  

  570. Eurybia caerulescens ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela and Ecuador) 

  571. Eurybia lycisia ______  EC  (DV2:6) (F:234) (MCA:59)
    BLUE-WINGED EURYBIA 
    (or Blue-winged Sheenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)

    The distinctive feature of Eurybia lycisia is the iridescent blue hindwing edged in black.

  572. Eurybia unxia ______ (DV2:6)
    AZURE-WINGED EURYBIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia & Brazil)  

  573. Eurybia elvina  ______  EC  (DV2:6) (MCA:59)
    BLIND EURYBIA 
    (or Blind Sheenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  574. Eurybia dardus  ______  EC

  575. Eurybia donna  ______  EC  (DA:245)  in Colombia, Ecuador

  576. Eurybia franciscana  ______  EC

  577. Eurybia halimede  ______  EC

  578. Eurybia jemima  ______  EC

  579. Eurybia juturna  ______  EC

  580. Eurybia latifasciata  ______  EC

  581. Eurybia molochina  ______  EC

  582. Eurybia nicaeus  ______  EC

  583. Eurybia patrona  ______  EC

  584. Eurybia tephrias ______ ARne  (MM:221)
    AR common name: Goteada 
    (translates to "Dripped", referring to the butterfly's white spots) 


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe RIODININI


    Genus NECYRIA

  585. Necyria bellona  (ph)  ______  EC
    Necyria bellona juturna  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    Necyria bellona manco  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Necyria bellona saundersii  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Necyria bellona zaneta  ______  EC 
      subspecies in Ecuador
    Necyria bellona westwoodii  ______  
    subspecies in Peru
    Necyria bellona whitelyiana  ______
       subspecies in Peru
    Necyria bellona bellona  ______  (DA:246) 
      subspecies in Bolivia 



    Necyria bellona
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  586. Necyria duellona  ______  EC
    Necyria duellona diva  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    Necyria duellona duellona  ______  EC 
      subspecies in Ecuador    


    Genus CYRENIA

  587. Cyrenia martia  ______  EC  (DV2:6)
    Cyrenia martia martia  ______ 
      subspecies in Amazonas
    RED-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Genus LYPOTERYX:
    Some 23 species of metalmarks in Central & South America.



    A species in the Lypoteryx genus
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  588. Lyroteryx lyra  ______  EC  (DA:246) (DV2:7) (F:252) (MCA:59)
    LYRA METALMARK 
    (or Cherry-bordered Metalmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil) 

    Lyroteryx lyra is one of the larger metalmarks. 

  589. Lyroteryx apollonia  ______  EC


    Genus CHORINEA

  590. Chorinea bogota  ______  (MCA:61)
    NORTHERN CHORINEA 
    (or Northern Clearmark)
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  591. Chorinea octauius  ______  EC  (DV2:7)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil)  

  592. Chorinea faunus  ______  (DA:248)  in Colombia

  593. Chorinea amazon  ______  BRam  EC  (DA:248)  in western Amazonas in Brazil, and in Ecuador

  594. Chorinea batesii  ______  EC

  595. Chorinea gratiosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  596. Chorinea sylphina  (ph)  ______  EC  (DA:248)  in Peru
    SYLPHINA ANGEL



    Sulphina Angel
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  597. Chorinea heliconides  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:224)
    AR common name: Puntilla Negra 
    (translates to "Black Lace")


    Genus ITHOMEIS

  598. Ithomeis eulema  ______  (DA:249) (DV2:7)
    NORTHERN MIMIC-METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  599. Ithomeis aurantiaca  ______  EC 

  600. Ithomeis heliconia  ______  BRam  (DA:249)  in Amazonas, Brazil


    Genus THEMONE

  601. Themone pais  ______  BR  (DA:249)  in the Guianas and Brazil


    Genus MONETHE

  602. Monethe albertus  ______  BRmg  EC
    Monethe albertus rudolphus  ______  (DA:249) (DV2:7) 
    subspecies from Honduras to Colombia 
    YELLOW-PATCHED METALMARK  ("the Alberta Clipper")
    (Range: Honduras to Guyana)  


    Genus NOTHEME

  603. Notheme erota  (ph)  ______  AR  EC
    Notheme erota diadema ______ (DV2:7) (MCA:61)
    subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
    Notheme erota angelius ______ ARne  (MM:225)
      subspecies in northeast Argentina
    EROTA METALMARK 
    (or Two-oranges Metalmark
    AR common name: Redondita (translates to "Small Round")
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina) 



    Erota Metalmark
    (photo by Jorge Bizarro)


    Genus ANCYLURIS:
    Mostly South American, up to 20 species.

    Many are black with contrasting red or white bands on the upperwings.  

  604. Ancyluris aulestes  (ph)  ______  BRmg  EC
    AULESTES SWORDTAIL



    Aulestes Swordtail, Ancyluris aulestes
    (copyrighted photo by Sherry Nelson)  

  605. Ancyluris colubra  ______  EC

  606. Ancyluris formosissima  ______  EC  (DA:247)  in Ecuador and Peru

  607. Ancyluris inca  ______  EC

  608. Ancyluris jurgensenii  ______  EC

  609. Ancyluris meliboeus  ______  EC

  610. Ancyluris mira  ______  EC

  611. Ancyluris paramba  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)   

  612. Ancyluris endaemon  ______  (DA:246)  in Peru

  613. Ancyluris miranda  ______  (DA:247)
    Ancyluris miranda xanthozona  ______  (DA:247)

  614. Ancyluris tedea ______ ARne  EC  (MM:222)
    AR common name: Cinta Roja 
    (translates to "Red Ribbon"

    In the book "Butterflies of Misiones", published in 2003: it was the first mention of the species in Argentina. 


    Genus RHETUS:
    4 mostly South American species with long hindwings. 

  615. Rhetus dysonii  (ph)  ______  EC
    Rhetus dysonii caligosus  ______  (DV2:8) 
      subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia 
    Rhetus dysonii dysonii  ______    
      subspecies in Venezuela
    Rhetus dysonii psecas  ______ 
      subspecies in Bolivia  
    DYSON'S METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 



    Above & below: the Dyson's Metalmark
    (photos by Sherry Nelson)




  616. Rhetus arcius  ______  BR  EC  (DA:248) (DV2:8) (F:268) (MCA:61)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1763)
    Rhetus arctus pacificus  ______   subspecies in Colombia
    Rhetus arctus angustifascia  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador
    Rhetus arctus amycus  ______  BR   subspecies in Brazil   
    LONG-TAILED METALMARK  (or Sword-tailed Beautymark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil) 

  617. Rhetus periander  (ph)  ______  AR  BRse  EC  (DV2:8) (EBE:189) (MCA:61)
    Rhetus periander laonome  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Rhetus periander periander  ______  
    subspecies in Suriname
    Rhetus periander arthuriana  ______  BR  
    subspecies in Brazil
    Rhetus periander eleusinus ______ ARne  BR  (MM:223) 
    subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina 
    PERIANDER METALMARK  (or Periander Swordtail, or Variable Beautymark)   
    AR common name: Eleusinian 
    (re the name: Eleusinian inhabited Eleusis, an Attica port northwest of Athens) 
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina)  

     

    Periander Metalmark, or Swordtail


    Genus PHELES

  618. Pheles (formerly Lepricornis) strigosa  ______  EC  (MCA:70)
    Pheles strigosa strigosa  ______  (DV2:8)
       subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    STRIGOSA METALMARK 
    (or Four-spotted Mimicmark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  619. Pheles incerta  ______  EC
    INCERTA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Peru)

  620. Pheles ochracea  ______
    OCHRACEA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela) 

  621. Pheles heliconides  ______  EC


    Genus SYRMATIA:
    Mostly South American metalmarks, having an unmistakable shape with incredibly long, drawn-out hindwings.

      
  622. Syrmatia nyx  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
    SPOTTED TAILWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  623. Syrmatia aethiops  ______  EC  (DV2:9)
    WHITE-TIPPED TAILWING
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus CHAMAELIMNAS 

  624. Chamaelimnas villagomes  ______  (DV2:9)
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern South America) 

  625. Chamelimnas briola  ______  EC

  626. Chamelimnas tircis  ______  BRmg
    TIRCIS METALMARK



    Genus EXOPLISIA 

  627. Exoplisia cadmeis  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:70)
    CADMEIS METALMARK 
    (or Semi-checked Metalmark)
    (Range: Honduras to Peru)

  628. Exoplisia hypochalbe  ______  EC
    Exoplisia hypochalbe hypochalbe  ______  (DV2:9)  
    subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    MANY-BANDED METALMARK 
    (Range: Mexico to Peru & Bolivia)


    Genus ISAPIS

  629. Isapis agyrtus  ______  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:62)
    YELLOW-BASED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)


    Genus BRACHYGLENIS

  630. Brachyglenis esthema  ______  EC
    Brachyglenis esthema esthema  ______  (DV2:25)  
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Colombia
    WHITE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  631. Brachyglenis dinora  ______
    DINORA METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

  632. Brachyglenis colaxes  ______   (DA:249)  in Colombia

  633. Brachyglenis drymo  ______  (DA:249)  in southern Brazil


    Genus MELANIS : 
    called "Mulattos" in Argentina

  634. Melanis pixe  ______  EC  (C:327) (K:151) (MCA:59) (PE:17)
    Melanis pixe sanguinea  ______  (DV2:9) 
      subspecies from Honduras to Colombia
    Melanis pixe corvina  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    RED-BORDERED PIXIE 
    (or PIXIE)
    (Range: Texas in the lower Rio Grande valley to Brazil) 


  635. Melanis electron  ______  BR  EC  (DV2:9) (MCA:59) 
    Melanis electron electron  ______ 
      subspecies in French Guiana
    Melanis electron herellus  ______  
    subspecies in Curacao
    Melanis electron pronostriga  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Colombia, Brazil
    Melanis electron rabuscula  ______  BR  
    subspecies in Peru, Brazil
    Melanis electron auriferax  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis electron epijarbas  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    ORANGE-BARRED PIXIE
    (Range: Guatemala to Venezuela, also Trinidad)  

  636. Melanis marathon  ______  BR  EC
    Melanis marathon marathon  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    Melanis marathon assimulata  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Melanis marathon stenotaenia  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru
    Melanis marathon charon  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil 

  637. Melanis melandra  ______  in Surinam

  638. Melanis hodia  ______  in Venezuela

  639. Melanis cinaron  ______  EC  in Ecuador and Colombia

  640. Melanis passiena  ______  EC  in Ecuador and Colombia

  641. Melanis vidali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  642. Melanis leucophlegma  (ph)  ______  in Peru



    Melanis leucophlegma
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  643. Melanis hillapana  ______  BR
    Melanis hillapana hillipana  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru
    Melanis hillapana cratippa  ______  BR  
    subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis hillapana corinna  ______  BR  
    subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952

  644. Melanis cercopes  ______  in Bolivia

  645. Melanis alena  ______  BR  in Brazil

  646. Melanis boyi  ______  BR  in Brazil

  647. Melanis herminae  ______  BR  in Brazil

  648. Melanis lycea  ______  BR  in Brazil

  649. Melanis lioba  ______  BR  in Brazil

  650. Melanis melaniae  ______  BR  in Brazil

  651. Melanis opites  ______  BR  in Brazil

  652. Melanis seleukia  ______  BR  in Brazil

  653. Melanis unxia  ______  BR
    Melanis unxia unxia  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis unixia ludmila  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil, described in 1952 
    (Range: Brazil)

  654. Melanis volusia  ______  BR  in Brazil

  655. Melanis yeda  ______  BR  in Brazil  (species described in 1952)

  656. Melanis xenia  ______  AR  BR
    Melanis xenia ambryllis  ______ 
    subspecies in Bolivia
    Melanis xenia xenia  ______  ARne  BR  (MM:234) 
    subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina 
    AR common name: Mulata Dentada 
    (translates to "Toothed Mulatto"
    , with "toothed" refers to the irregular bands on the dorsal surface)  

  657. Melanis smithiae  ______  AR  BR  EC
    Melanis smithiae xarifa  ______ 
    subspecies in Venezuela
    Melanis smithiae smithiae  ______  ARne  BR  (MM:235) 
    subspecies in Brazil and northeast Argentina
    AR common name: Mulata Puntas Naranja 
    (translates to "Orange-tipped Mulatto")

  658. Melanis aegates  ______  AR  BR
    Melanis aegates melliplaga  ______  
    subspecies in the Guianas
    Melanis aegates aegates  ______  
    subspecies in Bolivia
    Melanis aegates araguaya  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis aegates lilybaeus  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis aegates limbrata  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    Melanis aegates albugo  ______ 
      subspecies in Paraguay
    Melanis aegates cretiplaga ______ ARne  (MM:236) 
    subspecies in Argentina
    AR common name: Mulata Mancha Blanca 
    (translates to "White-spotted Mulatto")


    Genus SISEME

  659. Siseme neurodes  (ph)  ______  EC
    Siseme neurodes neurodes  ______  EC  
    subspecies in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
    Siseme neurodes caudalis  ______  
    subspecies in Peru



    Siseme neurodes
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  660. Siseme alectryo  ______  EC
    Siseme alectryo alecttryo  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia 
    Siseme alectryo lucilius  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru and Bolivia
    Siseme alectryo spectanda  ______  EC 
      subspecies in Ecuador
    Siseme alectryo tantilla  ______  
    subspecies in Colombia

  661. Siseme aristoteles  ______  EC
    Siseme aristoteles aristoteles  ______  
    subspecies in Colombia
    Siseme aristoteles leucodesma  ______
       subspecies in Colombia
    Siseme aristoteles minerva  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Siseme aristoteles ochrotaenia  ______  EC 
      subspecies in Ecuador
    Siseme aristoteles sprucei  ______  EC 
      subspecies in Ecuador 

  662. Siseme pallas  ______  EC
    Siseme pallas pallas  ______ 
      subspecies in Colombia
    Siseme pallas defasciata  ______  
    subspecies in Peru
    Siseme pallas xanthogramma  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru

  663. Siseme pedias  ______  in Colombia

  664. Siseme peculiaris  ______  in Peru

  665. Siseme militaris  ______  in Peru

  666. Siseme pseudopallas  ______   
    Siseme pseudopallas pseudopallas  ______
       subspecies in Peru
    Siseme pseudopallas hellotis  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru

  667. Siseme atrytone  ______
    (Range: Bolivia)


    Genus CHALODETA

  668. Chalodeta chaonitis  (ph)  ______  EC  (CV2:15) (MCA:65)
    ORANGE-STITCHED METALMARK  (or Stained Scintillant)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)  



    Orange-stitched Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  669. Chalodeta lypera  ______  EC  (DV2:15)
    GREEN-STITCHED METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 

  670. Chalodeta theodora  (ph)  ______  AR  EC
    Chalodeta theodora theodora ______ ARne  (MM:231) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    THEODORA METALMARK
    AR common name: Lineas Brilliantes 
    (translates to "Shiny Lines")



    Theodora Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson) 


  671. Chalodeta pescada  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998) 
    (Range: Ecuador)

  672. Chalodeta chelonis  ______
    (Range: Brazil)

  673. Chalodeta chlosine  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  674. Chalodeta chitinosa  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)


    Genus METACHARIS

  675. Metacharis victrix  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
    VICTRIX METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador)

  676. Metacharis umbrata  ______  (DV2:25)
    SHADOWED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 

  677. Metacharis syloes  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)
    CONFUSED METALMARK

  678. Metacharis cuparina  ______  EC

  679. Metacharis lucius  ______  EC

  680. Metacharis nigrella  ______  EC

  681. Metacharis regalis  ______  EC


    Genus CARIOMOTHIS

  682. Cariomothis poeciloptera  ______
    FIERY METALMARK
    (Range: Panama and Colombia) 

  683. Cariomothis erythromelas  ______  EC


    Genus ESTHEMOPSIS:
    About 15 species of metalmark butterflies, mostly in South America.

  684. Esthemopsis clonia  ______  (MCA:70)
    CLONIA METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Redhead)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  685. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______
    Esthemopsis colaxes colaxes  ______ (DV2:10) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
    CLOAXES METALMARK 



    Genus BARBICORNIS

  686. Barbicornis basilis  ______  AR  BR  (DA:250)  in Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina
    Barbicornis basilis acroleuca  _____  (DA:250) 
    subspecies in Paraguay
    Barbicornis basilis bahiana  ______  BR 
    subspecies described in 1978, in Bahia, Brazil
    Barbicornis basilis basilis  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Paraguay and in Brazil in Rio de Janeiro and Espiritu Santo
    Barbicornis basilis ephippium  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
    Barbicornis basilis marginata  ______  BR  (DA:250) 
    subspecies in Bahia, Brazil
    Barbicornis basilis mona  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Paraguay and Brazil in Espiritu Santo
    Barbicornis basilis paraopeba  ______  BR 
    subspecies described in 1978, in Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Barbicornis basilis tucumana  ______  AR 
    subspecies in Argentina  

    Barbicornis basilis
    drink early in the morning from wet stones and wet places on roads or tracks, and rest in teh day-time beneath leaves.


    Genus CARTEA

  687. Cartea tapajona  ______  BRam  (DA:250)  in Amazonas, Brazil


    Genus CARIA

  688. Caria rhacotis  ______  EC  (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
    HONDURAN METALMARK 
    (or Hackberry Greenmark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru)

  689. Caria mantinea  ______  EC
    Caria mantinea amazonica  ______  BRam  (DA:250) 
    in Amazonian Brazil
    Caria mantinea boliviana  ______  (DA:250) 
    in Bolivia
    Caria mantinea lampeto ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Bolivia
    Caria mantinea mantinea  ______ 
    subspecies in Peru
    LAMPETO METALMARK 
    (or Brilliant Greenmark)


  690. Caria domitianus ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:66)
    SMALL-PATCHED METALMARK 
    (or Small-patched Greenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela, also Trinidad) 

  691. Caria trochilus  ______  BRmg
    Caria trochilus trochilus  ______ 
      subspecies in Guyana 
    Caria trochilus arete  ______ 
      subspecies in Peru
    TROCHILUS METALMARK

  692. Caria chrysame  (ph)  ______
    Caria chrysame chrysame  ______ 
    subspecies in Bolivia
    Caria chrysame psittacus  ______
       subspecies in Peru



    Caria chrysame
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  693. There is a Caria sp. in Ecuador soon to be described.   

  694. Caria sponsa  ______  in Peru

  695. Caria tabrenthia  ______  in Peru

  696. Caria castalia  ______  in Peru  

  697. Caria marsyas (formerly castalia marsyas) ______ ARne  (MM:232)   
    AR common name: Brillantina 
    (translates to Brilliant, referring to its brilliant green coloration) 
    (Range: Brazil, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina) 

  698. Caria plutargus  ______  AR  BR
    Caria plutargus amazonica  ______  BRam 
    subspecies in Amazonian Brazil
    Caria plutargus plutargus  ______ ARne  (MM:233)
    AR common name: Brillantina y Naranja 
    (translates to Brilliant and Orange
    , with its orange spots)


    Genus CROCOZONA

  699. Crocozona coecias  (ph)  ______  BR  EC
    Crocozona coecias arcuata  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    Crocozona coecias coecias  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil 



    Crocozona coecias
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  700. Crocozona fasciata  ______
    Crocozona fasciata faciata  ______  
    subspecies in Peru
    Crocozona fasciata clusia  ______ 
      subspecies in Bolivia 

  701. Crocozona pheretima  ______  in Colombia

  702. Crocozona croceifasciata  ______  BR  (species described in 1952)
    (Range: Brazil)


    Genus BAEOTIS

  703. Baeotis nesaea  ______  EC  (DV2:10)
    NESAEA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru)

  704. Baeotis zonata  ______  EC
    Baeotis zonata zonata ______ (DV2:10) (MCA:63) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela
    Baeotis zonata dryades  ______  EC   subspecies in Ecuador)
    BUMBLEBEE METALMARK  (or Square-spotted Yellowmark)


  705. Baeotis macularia (or sulphurea ______  (DV2:10) (MCA:63)
    SULPHUR METALMARK 
    (or Polka-dotted Yellowmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia) 

  706. Baeotis barce  ______
    Baeotis barce barce  ______ 
    subspecies from Mexico to Honduras
    Baeotis barce corentyna  ______ 
    subspecies in Guyana, described in 1998
    BARCE METALMARK  

  707. Baeotis bacaenis  (ph)  ______  EC
    (Range: in Ecuador and Peru)



    Baeotis bacaenis
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  708. Baeotis felix  ______  EC
    Baeotis felix felicissima  ______  EC 
    subspecies in Ecuador
    Baeotis felix felix  ______ 
    subspecies in Bolivia 

  709. Baeotis attali  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)
    (Range: in Ecuador) 

  710. Baeotis sulphurea  ______  EC   

  711. Baeotis elegantula  ______  in Peru

  712. Baeotis bacaenita  ______  in Peru

  713. Baeotis staudingeri  ______  in Peru  (species described in 1994)   

  714. Baeotis creusis  ______  in Bolivia

  715. Baeotis melanis  ______  BR  in Brazil

  716. Baeotis euprepes  ______  BR
    Baeotis euprepes euprepes  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil
    Baeotis euprepes obscurior  ______ 
      subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998
    Baeotis euprepes orthotaenia  ______ 
    subspecies in Bolivia

  717. Baeotis prima  ______  BR
    Baeotis prima prima  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil
    Baeotis prima nigricans  ______  
    subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1998

  718. Baeotis choroniensis  ______  in Venezuela  (species described in 1946)

  719. Baeotis kadenii  ______  in Venezuela

  720. Baeotis capreolus  ______  BR
    Baeotis capreolus capreolus  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    Baeotis capreolus robini  ______ 
    subspecies in French Guiana, described in 1995

  721. Baeotis johannae  ______
    Baeotis johannae johannae  ______  BR 
      subspecies in Brazil
    Baeotis johannae cearaica  ______  BR  
    subspecies in Brazil

  722. Baeotis cephissa  ______  BR  EC
    (Range: in Brazil and Ecuador)  


    Genus LASAIA

  723. Lasaia meris  ______  EC  (MCA:68,69)
    VARIEGATED LASAIA 
    (or Variegated Bluemark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil)

  724. Lasaia pseudomeris  ______  EC  (DV2:16)  (species described in 1972)
    CLENCH'S LASAIA
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru)

  725. Lasaia oileus  ______  EC  (DV2:16) (MCA:68,69)
    OILY LASAIA 
    (or Dark Bluemark)
    (Range: Belize to the Guianas, Brazil, and Paraguay, also Trinidad)

  726. Lasaia agesilas  ______  AR  BRmg  EC  (MCA:68,69)
    Lasaia agesilas agesilas
    (including former esmeralda)   ______  ARne  (MM:229)  subspecies from southern Costa Rica to Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina
    Lasaia agesilas narses  ______  (DA:250) 
    subspecies in Colombia
    SHINING-BLUE LASAIA 
    (or Black-patched Bluemark)
    AR common name: Hovy  (the name is a Guarani word referring to the males coloring)

  727. Lasaia cutisca  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
    (Range: Ecuador)

  728. Lasaia moeros  (ph)  ______  EC
    (Range: in Ecuador and Peru)



    Lasaia moeros
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  729. Lasaia incoides  ______  in Peru

  730. Lasaia aerugo  ______  (species described in 1972)
    (Range: Peru)

  731. Lasaia maritima  ______  (species described in 2001)
    (Range: Peru) 

  732. Lasaia kennethi  ______  in Bolivia

  733. Lasaia arsis  ______  ARne  EC  (MM:230)  
    AR common name: Hovy Salpicada  (translates to "Splashy Hovy"; "Hovy" being a Guarani word meaning "blue". and "splashy" referring to the white spot on the dorsal hind wing) 
    (Range: in Brazil and Argentina)


    Genus PARCELLA

  734. Parcella amarynthina  ______  EC  (DV2:10) 
    ORANGE-BANDED METALMARK

    (Range: Panama to Argentina) 


    Genus DETRITIVORA:  genus created in 2002

  735. Detritivora smalli  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)
    SMALL'S METALMARK
    (Range: eastern Panama to western Ecuador)

  736. Detritivora (formerly Charis) hermodora  ______  (DV2:11)
    HERMODORA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela, also Trinidad)

  737. Detritivora (formerly Charis) gynaea  ______  (DV2:11)
    GYNAEA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  738. Detritivora barnesi  ______  EC  (MCA:65)  (species described in 2001)
    BARNES' METALMARK  (or Cloaked Scintillant
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to western Ecuador)  

  739. Detritivora iquitos  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  740. Detritivora major  ______  EC

  741. Detritivora ma  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  742. Detritivora matic  ______  EC  (species described in 2002)

  743. Detritivora zama  ______  EC


    Genus CHARIS

  744. Charis anius  ______  BRmg  EC  (DV2:11)
    ANIUS METALMARK 
    (or ANIUS SCINTILLANT)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus ADELOTYPA:
    About 30 small butterflies mostly in South America

  745. Adelotypa glauca ______ (DV2:11)
    GLAUCA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  746. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______ (DV2:11)
    TAN METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Peru)


    Genus AMARYNTHIS

  747. Amarynthis meneria  ______  BRse  EC  (DA:250)
    RED-BARRED AMARYNTHIS 
    (or MENERIA METALMARK)
    (Range: Colombia to northern Argentina, widespread and common)


    Genus PARNES

  748. Parnes nycteis ______ (DV2:11)
    (Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


    Genus PIXUS

  749. Pixus corculum  ______
    PIXUS METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)


    Genus ROEBERELLA 

  750. Roeberella lencates ______ (DV2:11)
    LENCATES METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon Basin in Brazil, also Trinidad)


    Genus CALEPHELIS: SCINTILLANT METALMARKS:  only in the Americas, mostly in the tropics, many species bewilderingly similar 

  751. Calephelis laverna  ______  BR  EC  (DV2:12)
    Calephelis laverna laverna  ______  BR 
    subspecies from Mexico to Brazil
    LAVERNA CELEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  752. Calephelis inca  ______  EC  (DV2:12)
    INCA CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to northern Brazil)

  753. Calephelis candiope  ______
    CANDIOPE CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  754. Calephelis iris  ______  EC
    IRIS CALEPHELIS
    (Range: Guatemala to Colombia)

  755. Calephelis velutina  ______  (MCA:65)
    DARK CALEPHELIS 
    (or Temple Scintillant
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  756. Calephelis nilius  ______ ARne  (MM:227)
    AR common name: Lineas Celestes  (translates to "Sky-blue Lines")


    Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA   misc

  757. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______
    Argyrogrammana stilbe holosticta  ______  (DV2:text) (MCA:63) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Peru
    DOTTED METALMARK

  758. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______
    BLUE-STAINED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  759. Argyrogrammana barine  ______
    BLUE-STUDDED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  760. Argyrogrammana venilia ______ (DV2:13)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 


    Genus LYMNAS

  761. Lymnas pixe  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil


    Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe SYMMACHIINI


    Genus CALYDNA

  762. Calydna caieta  ______  (DA:254)  in the Guianas

  763. Calydna calamisa  ______  (DA:254)  in the Guianas


    Genus ESTHEMOPSIS

  764. Esthemopsis alicia  ______  EC

  765. Esthemopsis jesse  ______  EC

  766. Esthemopsis colaxes  ______  EC

  767. Esthemopsis pherephatte  ______  EC


    Genus LUCILLELLA

  768. Lucillella camissa  ______  EC

  769. Lucillella suberra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  


    Genus MESENE:
    mostly South American, about 20 species.

     
  770. Mesene silaris  ______  EC  (DV2:13) (MCA:62)
    YELLOW METALMARK
    (or Yellow Geomark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to the Guianas and Peru)

  771. Mesene phareus  ______  EC  (F:255) (MCA:63) (S:102)
    Mesene phareus rubella ______
    (DV2:13) 
    subspecies from Guatemala to Colombia
    CELL-BARRED METALMARK
    (or Cell-barred Geomark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil) 

    Mesene phareus is strikingly beautiful, the male a deep red with black borders, the female a lighter color and larger.

  772. Mesene mygdon  ______
    RED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  773. Mesene margaretta  ______  (DA:252)
    ZEBRA-TIPPED METALMARK
    (Range: eastern Mexico to Colombia)

  774. Mesene leucophrys  ______  EC

  775. Mesene cyneas  ______  EC

  776. Mesene citrinella  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995) 

  777. Mesene babosa  ______  EC  (either endemic to nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  778. Mesene nepticula  ______  EC

  779. Mesene nola  ______  EC

  780. Mesene margaretta  ______  EC

  781. Mesene monostigma ______ ARne  (MM:250)
    AR common name: Diminuta Manchada 
    (translates to "Spotted Tiny")

  782. Mesene pyrippe  ______
    Mesene pyrippe sanguilenta ______ ARne  (MM:251) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Diminuta Narnja y Parda 
    (translates to "Orange and Brown Tiny")

  783. Mesene epaphus  ______  ARne  BRmg  EC  (MM:252)
    EPAPHUS METALMARK
    AR common name: Diminuta Naranja  (translates to "Orange Tiny")

  784. Mesene simplex  ______
    Mesenes simplex celetes  ______  ARne  (MM:253) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Diminuta Amarilla 
    (translates to "Yellow Tiny")


    Genus MESENOPSIS

  785. Mesenopsis bryaxis  ______
    YELLOW-CENTERED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

  786. Mesenopsis melanochlora  ______  EC  (DA:252) (DV2:13)
    ORANGE-STRIPED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia)

  787. Mesenopsis albivitta  ______  BR  (DA:253)  in southern Brazil


    Genus PANAROPSIS  
    genus created in 2002

  788. Panaropsis elegans  ______  EC

  789. Panaropsis thrytira  ______  EC


    Genus XENANDRA  


  790. Xenandra helius  ______  EC
    Xenandra helius helius  ______  (DV2:9)
    RED-STRIPED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Amazon basin)


    Genus XYNIAS

  791. Xynias lithosina  ______  BR  EC
    Xynias lithosina lithosina  ______  BR 
    subspecies in Brazil
    Xynias lithosina christalia  ______  EC
      subspecies in Ecuador
    Xynias lithosina cynosema  ______ 
    subspecies in Bolivia
    Xynias lithosina potaronus  ______ 
    subspecies in Guyana

  792. Xynias lilacina  (ph)  ______
    (Range: Peru)



    Xynias lilacina
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)



    Genus SYMMACHIA  

  793. Symmachia rubina ______  EC
    Symmachia rubina rubina  ______  (DV2:13) (MCA:63) 
    subspecies from eastern Mexico to Colombia
    RUBINA METALMARK 
    (or Square-tipped Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador)  

  794. Symmachia accusatrix ______  EC  (DV2:14) (MCA:63)
    ACCUSED METALMARK 
    (or Feathered Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador & Brazil)

  795. Symmachia probetor  ______  EC  (MCA:63)
    Symmachia probetor probetor  ______ (DV2:14) 
    subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
    RED-COSTA METALMARK 
    (or Red-lead Fiestamark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  796. Symmachia threissa  ______
    Symmachia threissa threissa  ______ 
    subspecies from Nicaragua to Colombia
    WHITE-NOTCHED METALMARK

  797. Symmachia virgatula  ______
    GOLDEN-RED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  798. Symmachia tricolor (or hademanni ______  EC  (MCA:62)
    TRICOLORED METALMARK 
    (or Tricolored Fiestamark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)  

  799. Symmachia maeonius  ______  EC

  800. Symmachia falcistriga  ______  EC

  801. Symmachia suevia  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  802. Symmachia leena  ______  EC

  803. Symmachia calliste  ______  EC  

  804. Symmachia jugurtha  ______  EC

  805. Symmachia miron  ______  BRmg  EC
    MIRON METALMARK

  806. Symmachia arion  ______  EC

  807. Symmachia titiana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  808. Symmachia phaedra  ______  EC

  809. Symmachia fassili  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so Ecuador, species described in 1995)  

  810. Symmachia triangularis  ______  EC

  811. Symmachia rubrica  ______  EC

  812. Symmachia hazelana  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)  

  813. Symmachia sepyra  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)  

  814. Symmachia menetas  ______ 
    Symmachia menetas menetas  ______  ARne  (MM:249) 
    (subspecies in northeast Argentina)
    AR common name: Simaquia Meridional 
    (this Spanish name from the scientific name, with reference to it being the southernmost species in its genus, translates to "Southern Simaquia"

    The book, "Butterflies of Missiones", published in 2003 indicates Symmachia menetas as being a first sighting of the species in Argentina.


    Genus PIRASCCA   genus created in 1996

  815. Pirascca arbuscula  ______
    Pirascca arbuscula arbuscula  ______ 
    subspecies from Panama to the Guianas
    ARBUSCULA METALMARK

  816. Pirascca phoenicura  ______
    DINGY METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Colombia)

  817. Pirascca tyriotes  ______  (MCA:62)
    GOLDEN-BANDED METALMARK
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, including Trinidad)

  818. Pirascca iasas  ______  EC

  819. Pirascca polemistes  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)

  820. Pirascca sagaris  ______  EC

  821. Pirascca sticheli  ______  EC   


    Subfamily RIODINIDAE, Tribe NYMPHIDIINI

    and some miscellaneous, with uncertain taxonomy


    Genus STICHELIA

  822. Stichelia sagaris ______ (DV2:14)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 


    Genus ANTEROS

    ANTEROS
    butterflies usually land with their wings closed.  

  823. Anteros allectus (or cumulatus) ______ (DV2:14)
    ROUNDED ANTEROS
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  824. Anteros chrysoprastus ______ (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
    ELEGANT ANTEROS 
    (or Elegant Jewelmark
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  825. Anteros renaldus  ______ (DV2:14)  
    REGAL ANTEROS 
    (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil) 

  826. Anteros carausius  ______  EC (C:333) (DA:254) 
    Anteros carausius carausius  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67) 
      subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    CAROUSING ANTEROS 
    (or Carousing Metalmark or Carousing Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador)  

  827. Anteros formosus  ______  (DV2:14) (MCA:67)
    Anteros formosus theleia  ______  
    subspecies in Colombia  
    BLACK-BELLIED ANTEROS 
    (other names are Formosus Jewelmark or Black-bellied Jewelmark)
    (Range: Honduras to Bolivia) 

  828. Anteros kupris  ______  BRse  EC  (EBE:191)
    Anteros kupris kupris  ______  EC  (DV2:15)
      subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador 
    GIANT ANTEROS
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  829. Anteros cruentatus  (ph)  ______



    Anteros cruentatus
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  830. Anteros otho  ______  BR  (DA:254)  in Brazil



    Genus SAROTA

    SAROTA
    butterflies usually land with their wings closed.

  831. Sarota subtessellata  ______
    REGAL SAROTA
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Colombia)  

  832. Sarota chrysus ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
    STOLL'S SAROTA 
    (or Common Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to the Guianas, and Bolivia and Brazil, including Trinidadf)

  833. Sarota neglecta  ______  
    NEGLECTED SAROTA
    (Range: Costa Rica to northwestern Venezuela and western Ecuador)

  834. Sarota chocoensis  ______  (species described in 1998) 
    CHOCO SAROTA
    (Range: central Panama to western Ecuador)

  835. Sarota myrtea ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67)
    GODMAN'S SAROTA 
    (or White-cheeked Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Argentina, including western Ecuador and Venezuela)

  836. Sarota spicata ______ (DV2:15)
    (Costa Rica to western Brazil)

  837. Sarota psaros  ______
    Sarota psaros psaros  ______ (DV2:15) (MCA:67) 
    subspecies from southern Mexico to the Guianas 
    GUATEMALAN SAROTA 
    (or Pearly Jewelmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 

  838. Sarota gyas ______ (DV2:15)
    GUYANAN SAROTA
    (Range: Colombia to Peru, Brazil, and the Guianas)

  839. Sarota acantus  ______ (DV2:15)
    SIMPLE SAROTA
    (Range: Honduras to the  Guianas, and western Ecuador and Peru, including Trinidad) 


    Genus ORIMBA

  840. Orimba flammula  ______  (DA:251)  in Brazil


    Genus OUROCNEMIS

  841. Ourocnemis archytas  ______
    FALSE ANTEROS
    (Range: Panama to Surinam, eastern Ecuador, central Brazil, Paraguay) 


    Genus EMESIS  (taxonomy of tribe uncertain)

  842. Emesis tenedia  ______  EC  (DV2:17) (K:151) (MCA:71) (PE:text)
    FALCATE EMESIS 
    (or Falcate Metalmark)
    (Range: south Texas, USA to Brazil) 

  843. Emesis aurimna  ______  (MCA:71)
    WHITE-SPOTTED EMESIS 
    (or White-spotted Tanmark)
    (Range: southern Mexico to Colombia)

  844. Emesis glaucescens  ______
    WHITE-FROSTED EMESIS
    (Range: Colombia) 

  845. Emesis ocypore  ______  AR  EC
    Emesis ocypore aethalis  ______  (DV2:16) (MCA:71) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    Emesis ocypore zelotes ______  ARne  (MM:239) 
    subspecies in northeast Argentina
    DARK EMESIS 
    (or Dark Tanmark
    AR common name: Acrobata Morena  (translates to "Dark Acrobat")
    (Range: Mexico to northern Argentina)  

  846. Emesis lupina  ______  EC
    Emesis lupina lupina ______ (DV2:16) (MCA:73) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Venezuela
    LUPINA EMESIS 
    (or Little Tanmark)


  847. Emesis lucinda  ______  EC  (DV2:17)
    WHITE-PATCHED EMESIS
    (Range: Costa Rica to the Guianas and northern Brazil) 

  848. Emesis mandana  (ph)  ______  (MCA:72)
    Emesis mandana mandana  ______  (DV2:17) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Brazil
    GREAT EMESIS 
    (or Great Tanmark
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil) 



    Great Emesis
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  849. Emesis tegula  ______  (MCA:72)
    TEGULA EMESIS 
    (or Bow-winged Tanmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  850. Emesis fatimella  ______  EC
    Emesis fatiimella nobilata  ______  (DV2:17) (MCA:72) 
    subspecies from Mexico to the Guianas, including Trinidad 
    FATIMELLA EMESIS 
    (or Sharp Tanmark)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Bolivia) 

  851. Emesis brimo  ______  EC
    Emesis brimo brimo  ______ 
    subspecies in Panama and Colombia
    BRIMO EMESIS

  852. Emesis cypria  ______  EC
    Emesis cypria paphia  ______ (DV2:17) (MCA:73) 
    subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    ORANGE-STRIPED EMESIS 
    (or Orange-striped Tanmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia) 

  853. Emesis fastidiosa  (ph)  ______



    Emesis fastidiosa
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  854. Emesis eurydica  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  855. Emesis angularis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  856. Emesis cerea  ______  EC

  857. Emesis sinuata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  858. Emesis temesa  ______  EC

  859. Emesis heteroclita  ______  EC

  860. Emesis diogenia ______  ARne  (MM:237)
    AR common name: Diogenia 
    (re the name: Diogenia, in mythology, was Celeo's daughter.)  

  861. Emesis russula ______  ARne  (MM:238)
    AR common name: Acrobata Rojiza 
    (translates to "Reddish Acrobat")

  862. Emesis neemias ______  ARne  (MM:240)
    AR common name: Acrobata Brillantina 
    (translates to "Brilliant Acrobat")


    Genus ARICORIS

  863. Aricoris erostratus  ______  
    EROSTRATUS METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)

  864. Aricoris propitia  ______  EC


    Genus ARICONIAS

  865. Ariconias albinus  ______
    ALBINUS METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela)


    Genus THISBE

  866. Thisbe irenea  (ph)  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    IRENEA METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil)



    Irenea Metalmark
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)


  867. Thisbe lycorias  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    BANNER METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to the western Amazon basin in Peru)  

  868. Thisbe ucubis  ______
    UCUBIS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  869. Thisbe incubus  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  870. Thisbe hyalina  ______  EC


    Genus JUDITHA

  871. Juditha odites  ______  EC
    Juditha odites praeclarum  ______ 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
    ODITES METALMARK 

  872. Juditha dorilis  ______  EC
    DORILIS METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to western Ecuador) 

  873. Juditha caucana (or molpe ______  BRmg  EC  (DV2:18) (MCA:75)
    MOLPE METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Lenmark)
    (Range: Mexico to western Ecuador)

  874. Juditha pulcherrima  ______  EC

  875. Juditha naza  ______  EC  (species described in 2001)

  876. Juditha azan  ______  EC


    Genus LEMONIAS

  877. Lemonias zygia  ______  EC


    Genus CATOCYCLOTIS

  878. Catocyclotis adelina  ______
    ADELINA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  879. Catocyclotis aemulius  ______  EC
    Catocyclotis aemulius adelina  ______  (DV2:18) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Ecuador 
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil) 

  880. Catocyclotis elpinice  ______  EC


    Genus SYNARGIS:
    Tailless mostly South American LYCAENIDS, often with an interesting black and white coloration.
     


    A butterfly in the Synargis genus in northern South America
    (photo by Sherry Nelson)

  881. Synargis ochra  ______  EC  (DV2:18)
    OCHRA METALMARK
    (Range: Guatemala to Peru) 

  882. Synargis phliasus  ______  EC
    Synargis phliasus velabrum  ______ 
    subspecies from Honduras to Colombia
    SISTER METALMARK

  883. Synargis phylleus ______ (DV2:19)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Peru) 

  884. Synargis palaeste ______ (DV2:19)
    PALAESTE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia) 

  885. Synargis gela  ______  EC  (DV2:21)
    (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Ecuador to Brazil)

  886. Synargis tytia  ______  EC

  887. Synargis orestessa  ______  EC

  888. Synargis abaris  ______  EC

  889. Synargis mycone  ______  EC

  890. Synargis agle  ______  EC

  891. Synargis fenestrella  ______  EC

  892. Synargis chaonia  ______  EC

  893. Synargis calyce  ______  EC
    Synargis calyce brennus  ______ ARne  (MM:241) 
    subspecies in northeast Argentina 
    AR common name: Nemi 
    (this name is a Guarani word meaning "hidden")

  894. Synargis pittheus  ______  BRmg
    PITTHEUS METALMARK

  895. Synargis victrix  ______ ARne  (MM:242)
    AR common name: Demarcated Nemi


    Genus RODINIA

  896. Rodinia calpharnia  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
    FLAG-TAILED METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia) 

  897. Rodinia lysippus  ______  BRmg
    LYSIPPUS METALMARK


    Genus AUDRE

  898. Audre albina ______ (DV2:20)
    (Range: Costa Rica possibly, Panama to Venezuela)

  899. Audre gauchoana  ______ ARne  (MM:244)
    AR name: Colage Parda  (translates to "Brown Patchwork")

  900. Audre notialis  ______ ARne  (MM:245)
    AR name: Colage Irregular  (translates to "Irregular Patchwork"

  901. Audre chilensis  ______ ARne  (MM:246)
    AR name: Colage Meridional  (translates to "Southern Patchwork")


    Genus MENANDER

  902. Menander menander  ______  EC
    Menander menander purpurata  ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74)  
    subspecies from Mexico to Colombia
    MENANDER METALMARK 
    (another name is Shining-blue Grayler)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  

  903. Menander pretus  ______  EC
    Menander pretus picta ______  (DV2:20) (MCA:74) 
      subspecies from southern Mexico to Ecuador
    CRAMER'S METALMARK 
    (another name is Greenish Grayler)
    (Range: Guatemala to Brazil) 

  904. Menander laobotas  ______  EC  (DV2:20)
    THREE-SPOTTED METALMARK
    (Range: Nicaragua to Ecuador)

  905. Menander hebrus  ______  EC

  906. Menander aldasi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)  


    Genus PERIPLACIS: 
    Mostly South American LYCAENIDS with strongly angled wings, and with brown and blue coloration.

  907. Periplacis glaucoma  ______  EC  (DV2:20) (F:262)
    GLAUCOMA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)


    Genus ADELOTYPA

  908. Adelotypa densemaculata  ______  EC

  909. Adelotypa curullis  ______  EC

  910. Adelotypa penthea  ______  EC

  911. Adelotypa trinitatis  ______  EC


    Genus CALOSPILA

  912. Calospila lucianus  ______  EC
    Calospila lucianus lucianus  ______ (DV2:21) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to the Guianas, and Trinidad
    LUCIANUS METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  913. Calospila asteria  ______
    ASTERIA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Colombia)

  914. Calospila cilissa  ______
    CILISSA METALMARK
    (Range: Honduras to Colombia) 

  915. Calospila pelarge  ______  (MCA:74)
    PELARGE METALMARK 
    (another name is Orange-inposted Grayler)
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  916. Calospila hemileuca  ______  EC
    HEMILEUCA METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 

  917. Calospila trotschi  ______  (DV2:11)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador) 

  918. Calospila parthaon  ______ (DV2:21)
    (Range: Mexico to Ecuador, also Trinidad) 

  919. Calospila emylius  ______  EC

  920. Calospila rhodope  ______  EC

  921. Calospila gyges  ______  EC

  922. Calospila thara  ______  EC


    Genus HYPOPHYLLA

  923. Hypophylla martia  ______  
    MARTIA METALMARK
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  924. Hypophylla argenissa  ______
    DEEP-BLUE METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Colombia)

  925. Hypophylla florus  ______  EC


    Genus LIVENDULA

  926. Livendula amasis  ______  EC

  927. Livendula huebneri  ______  BRmg
    HUEBNER'S METALMARK


    Genus ARCHAEONYMPHA

  928. Archaeonympha urichi  ______  (species described in 1994)
    VAN WRIGHT'S METALMARK
    (Range: Panama, Trinidad) 


    Genus CALOCIASMA

  929. Calociasma lilina ______ (DV2:21)
    WHITE-POSTED METALMARK
    (Range: Mexico to Panama, also Trinidad)


    Genus SETABIS

  930. Setabis lagus ______  EC  (DV2:22) (MCA:62,74)
    LAGUS METALMARK 
    (another name is Common Setabis)
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 

  931. Setabis alcmaeon  ______  EC
    Setabis alcmaeon alcmaeon ______ (DV2:22) 
    (subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador)
    BLUE-RAYED METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador)

  932. Setabis epitus  ______EC

  933. Setabis myrtis  ______  EC

  934. Setabis pythia  ______  EC

  935. Setabis disparillis  ______  EC

  936. Setabis buckleyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  937. Setabis plagiaria  ______  BRmg  EC
    PLAGIARIA METALMARK

  938. Setabis pythioides  ______  EC

  939. Setabis rhodinosa  ______  EC  (either endemic or near so to Ecuador)

  940. Setabis luceres  ______  EC


    Genus NYMPHIDIUM

  941. Nymphidium mantus  ______  EC  (C:357) (DV2:22)
    MANTUS METALMARK
      (also called Blue Nymphidium)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  942. Nymphidium olinda ______ (DV2:22)
    OLINDA METALMARK
    (Range: Panama to Venezuela and Brazil)

  943. Nymphidium lenocinium  ______
    LENOCINIUM METALMARK
    (Range: southeastern Mexico to Colombia)

  944. Nymphidium azanoides  ______  EC
    Nymphidium azanoides occidentalis  ______  EC  (DV2:22) 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to western Ecuador
    AZANOIDES METALMARK
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)  

  945. Nymphidium ascolia  ______  EC
    Nymphidium ascolia ascolia  ______ (DV2:22) (MCA:75) 
    subspecies from southern Mexico to Brazil
    CREAMY METALMARK 
      (another name is Creamy Henmark)
    (Range: Mexico to Bolivia & Brazil)

  946. Nymphidium fulminans  ______
    Nymphidium fulminaus sardinata  ______ 
    subspecies in Colombia
    DUSKY METALMARK

  947. Nymphidium trinidadi  ______  in Trinidad
    TRINIDAD METALMARK

  948. Nymphidium baeotia  ______  EC

  949. Nymphidium latibrunis  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1985)  

  950. Nymphidium cachrus  ______  EC

  951. Nymphidium balbinus  ______  EC

  952. Nymphidium chimborazium  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  953. Nymphidium leucosia  ______  EC

  954. Nymphidium acherois  ______  EC

  955. Nymphidium plinthobaphis  ______  EC

  956. Nymphidium caricae  ______  EC

  957. Nymphidium carmentis  ______  EC

  958. Nymphidium lisimon  ______  EC


    Genus THEOPE

  959. Theope nycteis  ______  EC
    EYED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Argentina, also Trinidad(

  960. Theope archimedes  ______  EC  (species described in 1994)
    Theope archimedes zyzyxoxyx  ______ 
    subspecies from Costa Rica to Venezuela
    STRIATED THEOPE 

  961. Theope devriesi  ______  EC  (MCA:77)  (species described in 1996)
    DEVRIES' THEOPE
    (Range: southern Mexico to western Ecuador)

  962. Theope excelsa  ______  EC
    ELEGANT THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas & Amazonas)

  963. Theope barea  ______  (MCA:77)
    PANAMANIAN THEOPE 
    (another name is Brown-posted Theope)
    (Range: southern Mexico, Nicaragua to Brazil)

  964. Theope mundula  ______
    STICHEL'S THEOPE
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil) 

  965. Theope speciosa  ______
    GLAZED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador)

  966. Theope pieridoides  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
    WHITE THEOPE
    (Range: southern Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad)

  967. Theope cratylus  ______  (MCA:77)
    SCALLOP-PATCHED THEOPE
    (Range; southern Mexico to Colombia)

  968. Theope virgilius  ______  EC  (MCA:77)
    BLUE-BASED THEOPE 
    (another name is Common Theope)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad and Netherlands Antilles) 

  969. Theope publius  ______   (MCA:77)
    Theope publius publius  ______ (DV2:23) 
    subspecies from Nicaragua to Venezuela and Peru
    BELL-BANDED THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to Venezuela & Peru)

  970. Theope bacenis (or mania ______  (MCA:77)
    CURVE-LINED THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to Colombia)

  971. Theope basilea  ______  EC
    STRAIGHT-LINED THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to western Ecuador) 

  972. Theope thebais  ______  (DV2:24)
    (Range: Costa Rica to Ecuador and Brazil)

  973. Theope matuta  ______  (DV2:24)
    GIANT THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Venezuela)

  974. Theope phaeo  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
    FALCATE THEOPE
    (Range: Mexico to the Amazon basin)  

  975. Theope pedias  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (MCA:77)
    YELLOW-BOTTOMED THEOPE 
    (another name is Extroverted Theope)
    (Range: Mexico to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

  976. Theope thestias  ______  EC  (DV2:24)
    (Range: Nicaragua to Bolivia) 

  977. Theope lycaenina  ______  EC  (DV2:25)
    GRAY THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to eastern Brazil, also Trinidad)

  978. Theope acosma  ______  
    TAWNY THEOPE
    (Range: Costa Rica to Brazil)

  979. Theope eudocia  ______  EC  (DV2:24) (S:102)
    ORANGE THEOPE 
    (Range: Honduras to Brazil, also Trinidad) 

    Theope eudocia has a darting flight and settles on the undersides of leaves. The green caterpillar feeds on foliage of cacao.

  980. Theope decorata  ______
    PAINTED THEOPE
    (Range: Nicaragua to Brazil)

  981. Theope leucanthe  ______  EC
    FADED THEOPE
    (Range; Panama to Peru and Brazil, also Trinidad)

  982. Theope foliorum  ______  EC
    PLAIN THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to Paraguay and Brazil, also Trinidad)

  983. Theope wallacei  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)
    WALLACE'S THEOPE
    (Range: Panama to the Guianas and Peru)

  984. Theope pepo  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)

  985. Theope aureonitens  ______  EC

  986. Theope dabrerae  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1996)

  987. Theope eupolis  ______  EC

  988. Theope sisemina  ______  EC

  989. Theope iani  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1994)

  990. Theope nodosus  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1999) 

  991. Theope theritas  ______  EC

  992. Theope thootes  ______  EC

  993. Theope sticheli  ______  EC  (species described in 1998)

  994. Theope busbyi  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  995. Theope batesi  ______  EC  (species described in1998) 


    The taxonomy of the following genera is uncertain as to tribe (through ROEBERELLA).


    Genus ARGYROGRAMMANA

  996. Argyrogramma sticheli  ______  (DA:253)  in the Guianas

  997. Argyrogramma pulchra  ______  (DA:253)  in Colombia

  998. Argyrogrammana barine  ______  EC

  999. Argyrogrammana physis  ______  EC

  1000. Argyrogrammana venilia  ______  EC

  1001. Argyrogrammana natalita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  1002. Argyrogrammana pacsa  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1998)

  1003. Argyrogrammana caelestina  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  1004. Argyrogrammana aparamilla  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  1005. Argyrogrammana celata  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  1006. Argyrogrammana bonita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador, species described in 1995)

  1007. Argyrogrammana saphirina  ______  EC

  1008. Argyrogrammana trochila  ______  EC  (DA:253)  in Ecuador

  1009. Argyrogrammana rameli  ______  EC

  1010. Argyrogrammana johannismarci  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  1011. Argyrogrammana pastaza  ______  EC  (species described in 1996)

  1012. Argyrogrammana leptographia  ______  EC  (DA:253)  in Ecuador and Colombia

  1013. Argyrogrammana glaucopis  ______  EC

  1014. Argyrogrammana subota  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)

  1015. Argyrogrammana stilbe  ______  EC

  1016. Argyrogrammana sublimis  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)

  1017. Argyrogrammana crocea  ______  EC

  1018. Argyrogrammana sulphurea  ______  BR  (DA:253)  in Brazil


    Genus ECHYDNA  
    genus created in 2002

  1019. Echydna punctata  ______  EC


    Genus CALYDNA

  1020. Calydna venusta  ______  EC

  1021. Calydna lusca  ______  EC 

  1022. Calydna cea  ______  EC

  1023. Calydna sturnula  ______  EC

  1024. Calydna carnela  ______  EC

  1025. Calydna hiria  ______  EC

  1026. Calydna catana  ______  EC

  1027. Calydna cabira  ______  EC

  1028. Calydna caleta  ______  BRmg
    CALETA METALMARK



    Genus COMPHOTIS

  1029. Comphotis apachita  ______  EC  (either endemic or nearly so to Ecuador)


    Genus IMELDA

  1030. Imelda mycea  ______  EC


    Genus PACHYTHONE

  1031. Pachythone analuciae  ______  EC  (species described in 1999)


    Genus MACHAYA  
    genus created in 1995

  1032. Machaya obstinata  ______  EC  (species described in 1995)


    Genus PSEUDOTINEA  
    genus created in 2003

  1033. Pseudotinea volcanicus  ______  EC  (species described in 1997)


    Genus ROEBERELLA

  1034. Robeberella lencates  ______  EC    


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe STALACHTINI 


    Genus STALACHTIS

  1035. Stalachtis magdalena  ______
    TIGER METALMARK
    (Range: Panama and Colombia)

  1036. Stalachtis calliope  ______  BRam,mg  EC  (DA:251)  in western Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, the Guianas
    CALLIOPE METALMARK

  1037. Stalachtis euterpe  ______  EC

  1038. Stalachtis phaedusa  ______  EC

  1039. Stalachtis lineata  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil

  1040. Stalachtis phlegia  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil

  1041. Stalachtis zephyritis  ______  BR  (DA:252)  in Brazil  


    Subfamily RIODININAE, Tribe Incertae sedis


    Genus ECHYDNA

  1042. Echydna chaseba  ______  BRse
    STARRY NIGHT METALMARK


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