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E-mail: font@focusonnature.com
Phone: Toll-free in USA 1-888-721-3555
 or 302/529-1876

 

Wildflowers 
 and some other plants
of Texas 

 with those during 
Focus On Nature Tours
noted with an (*) 

during tours thru 2014
in the months 
of March, April, May



In this list, there are notes relating to some MEDICINAL, EDIBLE, & POISONOUS PLANTS.

The compilation of the following list of plants by Armas Hill 



Photo at upper right:  SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE   
A fine book about the wildflowers of Texas is entitled just that, "Wildflowers of Texas" by Geyata Ajilvsgi, the first edition in 1984, revised in 2003. It contains photographs of nearly 500 species of the "most common and showiest" herbaceous species. 
Not included in the book are any cacti, shrubs, woody vines, or trees.
It should be noted that approximately 5,000 flowering plants occur in Texas.
But even with just about 10 percent, the book just mentioned has been a good source for some of the information here in this list, as have been some other books.
One, although not exhaustive, but instead a very good overview of the spectacles of wildflowers that occur throughout Texas is entitled "Texas Wildflowers", with text and some very fine photos by Richard Reynolds. It was published in 2003.

Famous for the promotion and conservation of the natural beauty of wildflowers and native plants has been the Wildflower Center, founded by Lady Bird Johnson in 1982. For more information about it:  www.wildflower.org


Among the Plant Families in this list, links to these:

Acanthus    Agave    Amaranth    Arrowroot    Arum    Barberry    Beech    Bellflower (or Bluebell)   

Bladderwort (or Birthwort)    Borage    Broomrape    Buttercup (or Crowfoot)    Cactus    Caltrop

Caper    Carpet-weed    Cypress    Daisy (or Aster)    Dodder    Dogbane    Dogwood

Evening Primrose (or Willow Herb)    Figwort (or Snapdragon)    Flax    Four o'clock    

Fumitory (or Earthsmoke)   Gentian    Geranium    Gourd    Hypoxis    Iris    

Knotweed (or Dock, Buckwheat)    Legume (or Pea)    Lily   Lizard's-tail    Loosestrife

Logania    Lotus    Madder    Mallow    Meadow-beauty    Milkweed    Milkwort    Mint   

Morning Glory    Mountain Parsley    Mustard    Nightshade    Olive    Orchid    Parsley (or Celery)    

Passionflower    Phlox (or Polemonium)    Pink (or Carnation)    Plumbago (or Sea Lavender)

Pokeweed    Poppy    Purslane    Ratany    Rose    Sedge    Seseme    Soapberry (including Maples)   

Spiderwwort    Spurge    Stickleaf    Stonecrop    Valerian    Vervain    Violet   Waterleaf    Water-lily    

Water-plantain    Willow     Wood-sorrel   

AN ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY OF PLANT GENERA IN THIS WEBSITE NOTING FAMILIES


Additional Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in:   Texas    Elsewhere 

A List & Photo Gallery of Texas Birds, in 2 parts

Lists & Photo Galleries of Texas:   Butterflies    Dragonflies & Damselflies

Desert Plants of the Southwest US & northern Mexico  (with some photos)

Other Photo Galleries of Plants     Directory of Photos in this Website




Codes:

 FW:  in far-western Texas, including the Chihuahuan Desert, and Big Bend National Park and the Davis Mountains

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT website

  

A List of Texas Wildflowers & some Other Plants:
       
        Acanthus Family, ACANTHACEAE  

  1. Snake-herb  ______
    Dyschoriste linearis
  2. Water Willow  ______
    Justicia americana
  3. Tube-tongue  ______
     Justicia pilosella

  4. Low Ruellia  ______
     Ruellia humilis

  5. Violet Ruellia  ______
     Ruellia nudiflora

  6. Shaggy Stenandrium  (or Shaggy Tuft)  ______
         Stenandrium barbatum


    Agave Family, AGAVACEAE
  7. Harvard Agave  ______  FW
    Agave havardiana
    Agave havardiana is also called the Big Bend Agave, or Century Plant. 
  8. Variegated Huaco  ______
     Manfreda variegata


     Amaranth Family, AMARANTHACEAE

  9. Alligator Weed  ______
    Alternanthera philoxeroides
  10. Arizona Snake-Cotton  ______
    Froelichia arizonica
  11. Snake-Cotton  ______
    Froelichia floridana 

    Arrowroot Family, MARANTACEAE

  12. Powdery Thalia  ______
    Thalia dealbata   

    Arum Family, ARACEAE
  13. Green Dragon  ______
    Arisaema dracontinum      

    Barberry Family, BERBERIDACEAE

  14. Mayapple  ______
    Podophyllum peltatum


    Beech Family,  FAGACEAE
  15. Texas Live Oak  (*)  ______  
    Quercus fusiformis

    The Texas Live Oak is very similar to the more-easterly Southern Live Oak, Quercus virginiana, and is considered by some to be a subspecies of it.  

    As of 2002, the largest known Texas Live Oak in the US has been in Young County, Texas.
    Its circumference: 361 inches. Height: 48 feet.

    Bellflower, or Bluebell Family, CAMPANULACEAE
  16. Cardinal Flower  ______
     Lobelia cardinalis

         The Cardinal Flower is a favorite of hummingbirds.
  17. Downy Lobelia  ______
     Lobelia puberula

         Another name for Lobelia puberula is the Purple Dewdrop.
  18. Colorado Venus' Looking-glass  ______  (endemic to Texas, mostly in the "Hill Country")
         Triodanis coloradoensis
  19. Venus' Looking-glass  ______
     Triodanis perfoliata      (was Specularia speculum-veneris)

         MEDICINAL USE: 

         American native people (the Cherokee) steeped the roots of Venus' Looking-glass with pasts of other plants and drank it for indigestion.


    Bladderwort, or Birthwort Family, ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
  20. Swanflower  ______ 
     Aristolochia erecta

  21. Floating Bladderwort  ______
     Utricularia radiata 

    Borage Family, BORAGINACEAE
  22. Thicksepal Cryptanth  ______
    Cryptantha crassisepala 
  23. Fragrant Heliotrope  ______
    Heliotropium convolvulaceum
  24. Seaside Heliotrope  ______
    Helioropium curassavicum
  25. Carolina Puccoon  ______
    Lithospermum caroliniense
  26. Fringed Puccoon  ______
    Lithospermum incisum
  27. Oreja de Perro  ______
    Tiquilia canescens

    Broomrape Family, OROBANCHACEAE

  28. Mountain Cancer-root  ______
     Conopholis alpina mexicana      


    Buttercup, or Crowfoot Family, RANUNCULACEAE
  29. Pheasant's-eye  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Adonis annua
  30. Ten-petal Anemone  ______
    Anemone berlandieri
  31. Carolina Anemone  ______
    Anemone caroliniana
  32. Wild Columbine  ______
     Aquilegia canadensis

         Aquilegia canadensis is one of the many larval food plants of the butterfly Celastrina agriolus, the Spring Azure. 



    Butterflies Celastrina agriolus, Spring Azures,
    photographed during a FONT tour
         (photo by Doris Potter)

  33. Yellow Columbine  ______
     Aquilegia chrysantha

  34. Blue Jasmine  ______
    Clematis crispa
  35. Texas Virgin's Bower  ______
    Clematis drummondii
  36. Leatherflower  ______
    Clematis pitcheri
  37. Scarlet Clematis  ______  (endemic to Texas, and the only red-flowered species of Clematis known)
    Clematis texensis
  38. Prairie Larkspur  ______
    Delphinium carolinianum      (was Delphinium virescens)  
  39. Large Buttercup  ______
     Ranunculus macranthus 

  40. Purple Meadow-rue  ______
     Thalictrum dasycarpum


    Cactus Family, CACTACEAE
  41. Living Rock Cactus  ______  FW
    Ariocarpus fissuratus
  42. Bunched Cory Cactus  ______
    Coryphantha r. ramillosa
    The Bunched Cory Cactus is classified by both the US & Texas as threatened. 
  43. Texas Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus conoideus
  44. White-flowered Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus erectocentrus
  45. Turk's Head Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus hamatacanthus
    Echinocactus hamatacanthus     is also called Eagle Claw or Blue Barrel Cactus. 
  46. Devil's Head Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus horizonthalonius
  47. Woven-spine Pineapple Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus intertextus
  48. Mariposa Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus mariposensis
  49. Devil's Claw  ______  FW
    Echinocactus texensis
    Another name for Echinocactus texensis is Horse Crippler.
  50. Tobusch Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus tobuschii
  51. Catclaw Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus unicinatus
  52. Southwestern Barrel Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus wislizeni 
  53. Warnock's Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocactus warnocki
  54. Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Cactus  (or Chisos Pitaya)  ______  FW
    Echinocereus c. chisosensis
  55. Brown-flowered (or Yellow-flowered) Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocereus chloranthus
    There are two different subspecies of Echinocereus chloranthus, hence the two common names.
  56. Davis' Green Pitaya  ______
    Echinocereus davisii      (or Echinocereus viridiflorus davisii)  ______
    The Davis' Green Pitaya is classified by both the US & Texas as endangered.
  57. Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocereus enneacanthus
    Other common names for Echinocereus enneacanthus are Warty Hedgehog and Strawberry Cactus.
    There are various subspecies.
  58. Lloyd's Hedgehog Cactus  ______
    Echinocereus lloydii
    The Lloyd's Hedgehog Cactus was classified by the US & Texas as endangered.
  59. Comb Hedgehog Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocereus pectinatus
    Echinocereus pectinatus     has an assortment of other common names, including: Rainbow Cactus, Texas Rainbow Pitaya, Ashy-white Pitaya, Slender-spined Pitaya, Rio Grande Pitaya, Big Bend Pitaya.
    There are various subspecies.
  60. Black Lace Cactus  ______
    Echinocereus reichenbachii albertii
    The Black Lace Cactus is classified by the US & Texas as endangered.
  61. Claret-cup Cactus  (ph)  ______  FW
    Echinocereus triglochidiatus
    Other common names for Echinocereus triglochidiatus include: Little Claret-cup, Southwest Claret-cup, Texas Claret-cup, King's Cup.
    There are various subspecies.



    A Claret-cup Cactus photographed about 2 months after the red flowers were in bloom
    (photo by Doris Potter) 

  62. Green-flowered Cactus  ______  FW
    Echinocereus virdiflorus
    Other common names for Echinocereus virdiflorus are: Green Pitaya and Hen-and-Chickens Cactus.
  63. Boquillas Button Cactus  ______  FW
    Epithelantha bokei
  64. Button Cactus  ______  FW
    Epithelantha micromeris
  65. Nellie's Cory Cactus  ______
    Escobaria minima
    Nellie's Cory Cactus     is classified by the US & Texas as endangered.
  66. Sneed's Pincushion Cactus  ______
    Escobaria s. sneedii
    Sneed's Pincushion Cactus     is classified by the US & Texas as endangered.
     
  67. Peyote  ______  FW
    Lophophora williamsii
  68. White-spined Cob Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria albicolumnaria
  69. Mountain Cob Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria dasyacantha

  70. Duncan's Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria duncanii
  71. Sea-Urchin Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria echinus
  72. Fragrant Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria fragrans

  73. Pancake Pincushion  ______  FW
    Mammallaria heyderi

  74. Golf-ball Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria lasiacantha
  75. Long Mamma  ______  FW
    Mammallaria macromeris

  76. Nipple Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria melacantha

  77. Foxtail  Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria pottsii
  78. Big Bend Mammallaria  ______  FW
    Mammallaria ramillosa
  79. Cob Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria tuberculosa

  80. Varicolor Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria varicolor
  81. Bisquit Cactus  ______  FW
    Mammallaria vivipara
  82. Dark-spined Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia atrispina
  83. Englemann Prickly Pear  (or Texas Prickly Pear)  ______  FW
    Opuntia engelmanni
  84. Fragile Prickly Pear  (or Brittle Cactus)  ______  FW
    Opuntia fragilis
  85. Dog Cholla  ______  FW
    Opuntia grahamii
    The Dog Cholla is a smaller version of Opuntia schotti (below).
  86. Cane Cholla  ______  FW
    Opuntia imbricata
    Opuntia imbricata     is also called Tree Cholla.
  87. Candle Cholla  ______  FW
    Opuntia kleiniae
    The flowers of the Candle Cholla are greenish.
  88. Desert Christmas Cactus  (or Christmas Cholla)  ______  FW
    Opuntia leptocaulis
    The flowers of the Christmas Cholla are yellow.
  89. Chisos Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia lindheimeri   
  90. Cow's Tongue Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia linguiformis
  91. Purple-tinged Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia macrocentra
  92. Grassland Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia macrorhiza
  93. Blind Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia rufida
    The Blind Prickly Pear is one of the few cacti entirely without spines.
  94. Devil Cholla  ______  FW
    Opuntia schottii
  95. Spinyfruit Prickly Pear  ______  FW  (species described in 1956)
    Opuntia spinosibacca
  96. Purple Prickly Pear  ______  FW
    Opuntia violacea  
  97. Desert Night-blooming Cereus  ______  FW
    Peniocereus     (or Cereus) greggii
    The Desert Night-blooming Cereus is inconspicuous most of the year , but when in bloom it is easily spotted only in the evening and early morning when its spectacular night-blooming flowers are open.
    The plant is very popular in desert rock gardens and in the cactus trade; when a population is found, all too often, the large, turnip-like roots are quickly dug up.  

    Another name for Peniocereus greggii is the Queen of the Night. 
  98. Tobusch Fish-hook Cactus  ______  
    Sclerocactus     (or Ancistrocactus) brevihamatus tobuschii
    The Tobusch Fish-hook Cactus is classified by the US & Texas as endangered.
  99. Lloyd's Mariposa Cactus  ______  
    Sclerocactus     (or Ancistrocactus) mariposensis

    The Lloyd's Mariposa Cactus is classified by the US & Texas as threatened.
  100. Chihuahua Fish-hook Cactus  (or Cat-claw Cactus)  ______  FW
    Sclerocactus     (or Ancistrocactus) uncinatus
  101. Straw Spine Cactus  ______  FW
    Thelocactus bicolor
    Another name for Thelocactus bicolor is the "Glory of Texas". 


    Caltrop Family, ZYGOPHYYLLACEAE

  102. Warty Caltrop  ______
    Kallstroemia parviflora

    Caper Family, CAPPARACEAE
  103. Rocky Mountain Bee Plant  ______
     Cleome serrulata
  104. Clammyweed  ______
     Polanisia dodecandra


         Carpet-weed Family, AIZOACEAE
  105. Sea Purslane  ______
     Sesuvium portulacastrum


         Cypress Family, CUPRESSACEAE

  106. Ashe Juniper  (*)  ______
    Juniperus ashei

    Another name for Juniperus ashei is Mountain Juniper.

    As of 1999, the largest known Ashe Juniper in the US has been in New Braunfels, Texas.
    Its circumference: 139 inches. Height: 41 feet.

  107. Common Bald Cypress  (*)  ______
    Taxodium distichum
    Taxodium distichum  (var. mucronatum)      Montezuma Bald Cypress  ______

    Other names for Taxodium distichum are Deciduous Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Sabino Tree. 

    As of 1995, the largest known Montezuma Bald Cypress in the US has been in San Benito, Texas. 
    Its circumference: 301 inches. Height: 68 feet.  



    The Blanco River in Wimberley, Texas, lined with Bald Cypress trees


    Daisy, or Aster Family, ASTERACEAE
  108. Milfoil  ______   
    Achillea millefolium

    Another common name for Achillea millefolium is Yallow. This species is also in the list in this web-site for "Northern Wildflowers"  (for Iceland). 
  109. Creeping Spotflower  ______
    Acmella oppositifolia repens
  110. Desert Holly  ______
    Acourtia nana
    Acourtia nana     was previously in the genus Perezia.
  111. Peonia  ______
    Acourtia runcinata 
    Acourtia runcinata     was previously in the genus Perezia.
  112. Brownfoot  ______
    Acourtia wrightii
    Acourtia wrightii     was previously in the genus Perezia.

    MEDICINAL USE:  

         American native people (the Apache) used the crushed roots of Brownfoot to make an astringent and to treat wounds.
    Others (including the Pima) used the crushed leaves on wounds and to stop bleeding.   
  113. Huisache Daisy  ______
    Amblyolepis setigera
  114. False Annual Broomweed  ______
    Amphiachyris dracunculoides
  115. Arkansas Lazy Daisy  ______
     Aphanostephus skirrhobasis

  116. Prairie Plaintain  ______
     Arnoglossum plantagineum

  117. Yerba Raton  ______
     Bahia absinthifolia

  118. Desert Marigold  ______
     Baileya multiradiata

  119. Soft Green-eyes  ______
     Berlandiera pumila

  120. Tickseed Sunflower  ______  (NW:124)
     Bidens aristosa

         Both Bidens aristosa and the following species, Bidens polylepis, occur in Texas. And both species share the same common name.
    The bractlets beneath the phyllaries in Bidens polylepis are very narrow, 12-21, whereas 8-12 in Bidens aristosa. 
  121. Tickseed Sunflower  (ph)  ______
    Bidens polylepis



    Tickseed Sunflower, Bidens polylepis

  122. Smooth Bidens  ______
     Bidens laevis

     Other common names for Bidens laevis are Bur Marigold and Wild Goldenglow.
  123. Sea Oxeye  ______
     Borrichia frutescens

  124. Lawn-flower  ______
     Calyptocarpus vialis

     Other names common names for Calyptocarpus vialis are Carpetweed, Horseherb, and Straggler Daisy.

    Calyptocarpus vialis is one of many larval food plants for the butterfly Chlosyne lacinia, the Bordered Patch. 


    The butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia, the Bordered Patch
  125. Nodding Thistle  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
     Carduus nutans macrocephalus
  126. Basket Flower  ______
     Centaurea americana

  127. Bachelor's Button  ______  (non-native to Texas, from the Mediterranean region)
     Centaurea cyanus  

  128. Tocalote  ______
     Centaurea melitensis 

  129. Spiny Aster  ______
     Chloracantha spinosa

  130. Soft Golden Aster  ______
     Chrysopsis pilosa  

  131. Chicory  ______  (non-native to Texas, from Europe)
     Cichorium intybus

  132. Yellow Thistle  ______  
     Cirsium horridulum elliottii

  133. Texas Thistle  ______
     Cirsium texanum

         Texas Thistle is especially attractive to butterflies. Larvae of the butterfly, Vanessa cardui, the Painted Lady feed on the foliage.
    Goldfinches eat the seeds.


    A Lesser Goldfinch at Texas Thistle
         (photo by Rhett Poppe) 
  134. Betony-leaf Mistflower  ______
     Conoclinium betonicifolium

  135. Mistflower  ______
     Conoclinium coelestinum

     Mistflower is especially good attracting late-season butterflies.  
  136. Coreopsis  ______
     Coreopsis basalis

         The shape of the fruits of Coreopsis basalis gives the plant another common name of Tickseed. 
  137. Plains Coreopsis  ______
     Coreopsis tinctoria 

  138. Clasping-leaf Coneflower  ______
    Dracopis amplexicauls
  139. Parralena  ______
    Dyssodia     (or Thymophylla) pentachaeta
  140. Bristle-leaf Dyssodia  ______
    Dyssodia tenuiloba
  141. Purple Coneflower  ______
    Echinacea sanguinea
    MEDICINAL USE:

    The roots of the Purple Coneflower contain the drug echinacea, and native American tribes used a decoction of the plant as a blood purifier, a wash for wounds, and a gargle for a sore throat.
    It is still used today for various illnesses as well as the treatment of septicemia. 
  142. Leafy Elephant's Foot  ______
    Elephantopus carolinianus 
  143. Engelmann's Daisy  ______
    Engelmannia peristenia
  144. Plains Fleabane  ______
     Erigeron modestus

  145. Philadelphia Fleabane  ______
     Erigeron philadelphicus

  146. Late-flowering Boneset  ______
     Eupatorium serotinum 

  147. Slender-headed Euthamia  ______
     Euthamia leptocephala

  148. Red Gaillardia  ______  (endemic to Texas)
         Gaillardia amblyodon
  149. Blanketflower  ______
     Gaillardia pulchella

     Other common names for Gaillardia pulchella are Firewheel, Indian Blanket, Rose-ring Gaillardia, and Showy Gaillardia.
  150. Fragrant Gaillardia  ______
     Gaillardia suavis
  151. Saw-leaf Daisy  ______
     Grindelia papposa      (was Prionopsis ciliata)
  152. Snakeweed  ______
     Gutierrezia sarothrae

         Gutierrezia sarothrae was previously in the Xanthocephalum.
  153. Bitterweed  ______
     Helenium amarum
  154. Purple-head Sneezeweed  ______
     Helenium flexuosum

     Purple-head Sneezewood is toxic to cattle and may cause severe sickness or even death if eaten.
  155. Swamp Sunflower  ______
     Helianthus angusifolius
  156. Common Sunflower  (ph)  ______
     Helianthus annuus



    Common Sunflowers photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
  157. Silverleaf Sunflower  ______
     Helianthus argophyllus
  158. Blueweed (or Blueweed Sunflower)  ______
         Helianthus ciliaris
  159. Maximilian Sunflower  ______
     Helianthus maximilani
  160. Mountain Oxeye  ______
    Heliopsis parvifolia

  161. Gray Golden Aster  ______
     Heterotheca canescens
  162. Golden Aster  ______
     Heterotheca subaxillaris      (was Heterotheca latifolia)

  163. Woolly-white  ______
     Hymenopappus artemisiifolius

  164. Fine-leaf Woolly-white  ______
     Hymenopappus filfolius cinereus

  165. Jimmyweed  ______
     Isocoma pluriflora

  166. Dwarf Dandelion  ______
     Krigia cespitosa

  167. Elegant Gayfeather  ______
     Liatris elegans

  168. Narrow-leaf Gayfeather  ______
     Liatris mucronata

         MEDICINAL USE: 

    The corms of the Narrow-leaf Gayfeather, and other species of Liatris, have been used in the treatment of sore throat and rattlesnake bite.
    Thus, another common name of Liatris mucronata is Button Snakeroot. 
  169. Blazing Star  ______
     Liatris squarrosa

  170. Texas Yellow Star  ______
     Lindheimera texana 

  171. Skeleton Plant  ______
     Lygodesmia texana

         Other common names for Lygodesmia texana include Flowering Straw, Milk Pink, and Purple Dandelion.  
  172. Sand Goldenweed  ______
     Machaeranthera linearis

  173. Camphor Daisy  ______
     Machaeranthera phyllocephala

         Another common name for Machaeranthera phyllocephala is the Golden Beach Daisy.
  174. Yellow Spiny Daisy  ______
     Machaeranthera pinnatifida  

  175. Tansy Aster  ______
     Machaeranthera tanacetifolia

  176. White Barbara's Buttons  ______
     Marshallia caepitosa

  177. Barbara's Buttons  ______
     Marshallia graminifolia cynanthera

  178. Plains Black-foot  ______
    Melampodium leucanthum
  179. Climbing Hempweed  ______
    Mikania scandens
    Mikania scandens     is also known as Climbing Boneset.
  180. Cut-leaf Groundsel  ______
     Packera tampicana

  181. Small Palafoxia  ______
     Palafoxia callosa

  182. Hooker's Palafoxia  ______
     Palafoxia hookeriana

  183. Rose Palafoxia  ______
     Palafoxia rosea

  184. Sand Palafoxia ______
     Palafoxia sphacelata

  185. False Ragweed  ______
     Parthenium hysterophorus

  186. Lemon-scented Pectis  ______
     Pectis angusifolia

  187. Margined Rock Daisy  ______
     Perityle vaseyi

  188. White Dandelion  ______
     Pinaropappus roseus

  189. Camphor Weed  ______
     Pluchea camphorata

         MEDICINAL USE:

    The Camphor Weed and other species of Pluchea have been used medicinally, particularly as a stimulant, antispasmodic, and a diuretic.  
  190. Marsh Fleabane  ______
     Pluchea purpurascens

  191. Woolly Paperflower  ______
     Psilostrophe tagetina

  192. Texas Dandelion  ______
     Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus

  193. Plume-seed  ______
     Rafinesquia nomexicana

  194. Prairie Coneflower  ______
     Ratibida columnifera

  195. Brown-eyed Susan  ______
     Rudbeckia hirta

  196. Giant Coneflower  ______
     Rudbeckia maxima

  197. Texas Groundsel  ______
     Senecio ampullaceus

  198. Threadleaf Groundsel  ______
    Senecio flaccidus
  199. White-flowered Rosinweed  ______  (endemic to Texas)
         Silphium albiflorum

  200. Simpson's Rosinweed  ______
     Silphium gracile

  201. Tall Goldenrod  ______
     Solidago altissima

         The Tall Goldenrod was previous treated as part of Solidago canadensis.
    Solidago canadensis is in another list  in this website of "Northern Plants", in Alaska.  
  202. Downy Goldenrod  ______  
     Solidago petiolaris

  203. Sow Thistle  ______
     Sonchus asper

  204. Annual Aster  ______
     Symphyotrichum divaricatum

  205. Texas Aster  ______
     Symphyotrichum drummondii

  206. Meadow Aster  ______
     Symphyotrichum pratense

  207. Heath Aster  ______
     Symphyotricum ericoides

  208. Dandelion  (ph)  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Taraxacum officinale

     Dandelions     are very variable plants and are often separated into different numbers of microspecies. Since they reproduce by agamospermy, the distinction between many of the microspecies is unclear. 

    The Dandelion is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants", in Iceland.   

    MEDICINAL USE: roots and leaves, gathered before flowering

    The Dandelion is a very important medicinal herb. The roots and leaves are mixed to gain the most advantageous effects of both.
    The leaves, which are very nutritious, are diuretic and high in potassium (but have little effect on the liver). They are used, therefore, for oedema, especially if caused by a weak heart.   


    Dandelion
     (photo courtesy of Gerin Hood)
  209. Square-bud Daisy  ______
    Tetragonotheca texana
  210. Plains Yellow Daisy  ______
    Tetraneuris scaposa
  211. Burridge Green-thread  ______
    Thelesperma burridgeanum
  212. Thelesperma  ______
    Thelesperma filfolium
  213. Rayless Green-thread  ______
    Thelesperma megapotamicum
  214. Easter Daisy  ______
    Townsendia exscapa
  215. Goatsbeard  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe) 
    Tragopogon dubius  
  216. Oysterplant  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Tragopogon porrifolius
    Another name for Tragopogon porrifolius is Salsify.
  217. Golden Crownbeard  ______
    Verbesina encelioides


    Golden Crownbeard
  218. Dwarf Crownbeard  (ph)  ______
    Verbesina nana
  219. Frostweed  ______
    Verbesina virginica
  220. Western Ironweed  ______
    Vernonia baldwinii
  221. Woolly Ironweed  ______
    Vernonia lindheimeri
    MEDICINAL USE:

    The roots of the Woolly Ironweed, and others in Veronica, have reportedly been used to "purify" the blood, to reduce fevers, and as a aphrodisiac and a snakebite cure.  
  222. Plains Ironweed  ______
    Vernonia marginata
    MEDICINAL USE:

    Parts of all the Veronica species have been used by American native tribes. The Cherokee used a root tea to treat stomach ulcers. 
  223. Golden-eye  ______
    Viguiera dentata
  224. Hairy Wedelia  ______
    Wedelia texana
  225. Sleepy Daisy  ______
    Xanthisma texanum
  226. Wright's Goldenweed  ______
    Xylorhiza wrightii
  227. Dwarf Zinnia  ______
    Zinnia acerosa  
  228. Plains Zinnia  ______
    Zinnia grandiflora 


    Dodder Family, CUSCUTACEAE

  229. Dodder  ______
    Cuscuta cuspidata

    Dogbane Family, APOCYNACEAE

  230. Showy Blue-star  ______
    Amsonia tabernaemontana
  231. Spreading Dogbane  ______
    Apocynum androsaemifolium
    MEDICINAL USE:  Plants in the genus Apocynum contain several potent and toxic chemicals, but in mild form they have been used for various ailments, such as chronic liver problems, typhoid fever, stomach disorders, and assorted pains and swellings. 

    Dogwood Family, CORNACEAE


    Evening Primrose, or Willow-herb Family, ONAGRACEAE

  232. Square-bud Day Primrose  ______
    Calylophus berlandieri      (was Calylophus drummondianus) 
  233. Scarlet Gaura  ______
    Gaura coccinea
  234. White Gaura  ______
    Gaura lindheimeri
  235. Shrubby Water Primrose  ______
    Ludwigia octovalis
  236. Water Primrose  ______
    Ludwigia peploides glabrescens
  237. Beach Evening Primrose  ______
    Oenothera drummondii 
  238. Engelmann's Evening Primrose  ______
    Oenothera engelmannii 
  239. Missouri Primrose  ______
    Oenothera macrocarpa
  240. Showy Primrose  ______
    Oenothera speciosa
    Oenothera speciosa     is also called Amapola and Pink Evening Primrose.
  241. Stemless Evening Primrose  ______
    Oenothera triloba


    Figwort, or Snapdragon Family, SCROPHULAREACEUS
  242. Purple Gerardia  ______
    Agalinis purpurea
    Purple Gerardia     is a major food source of the fall broods of the larvae of the butterfly Junonia coenia, the Buckeye (photo with the following species).
  243. Oakleech  ______
    Aureolaria flava
    Other common names for Aureolaria flava are Big-flowered Oakleech and False Foxglove.

    Aureolaria flava is the larval food plant for late-season broods of the butterfly Junonia coenia, the Buckeye. 



    The butterfly, Junonia coenia, the Buckeye
  244. Coastal Water Hyssop  ______
    Bacopa monnieri

         The Coastal Water Hyssop is one of the larval food plants of the butterfly Anartia jatrophae, the White Peacock. 

    MEDICINAL USE: 

    Bacopa monnieri has long been used medicinally. Today it is being studied for its benefits in treating several illnesses including asthma and some forms of cancer and for the prevention of blood clotting and the helping of memory retention.  

  245. Bellardia  ______
    Bellardia trixago
  246. American Bluehearts  ______
    Buchnera americana 
  247. Texas Paintbrush  ______
    Castilleja indivisa
  248. Paintbrush  ______
     Castilleja purpurea

         The citrina variety of Castilleja purpurea is known as Citron Paintbrush, Lemon Paintbrush, or Lemon Painted-cup, all referring to the yellow-colored bracts and colors.  
  249. Downy Paintbrush  ______
     Castilleja sessiliflora

  250. Snapdragon Vine  ______
    Maurandya antirrhiniflora
  251. Texas Toadflax  ______
     Nuttallanthus texanus

         The leaves and stems of the Texas Toadflax are eaten ravenously by the larvae of the spring brood of the butterfly, Junonia coenia, the Buckeye.  (photo with the Oakleech).  
  252. Wood Betony  ______
     Pedicularis canadensis dobbsii

         Another common name for Pedicularis canadensis is Lousewort.   
  253. Pink Plains Penstemon  ______
    Penstemon ambiguus
  254. Loose-flowered Penstemon  ______
    Penstemon australis laxiflorus
  255. Foxglove  ______
    Penstemon cobaea
  256. Havard's Penstemon  ______
     Penstemon havardii

  257. Scarlet Penstemon  ______  (endemic to the "Hill Country" of Texas)
     Penstemon triflorus

  258. Woolly Stemodia  ______
    Stemodia lanata
  259. Moth Mullein  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Verbascum blattaria
  260. Persian Speedwell  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Eurasia)   
         Veronica persica

         Another name for Veronica persica is Bird's-eye.

    Veronica persica is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants". in Iceland. In that list, it is called Common Field-Speedwell.

    Flax Family, LINACEAE
  261. Stiff-stem Flax  ______
    Linum berlandieri
  262. Blue Flax  ______
     Limun lewisii

  263. Yellow Prairie Flax  ______
     Limun sulcatum


         Four-o'-clock Family, NYCTAGINACEAE
  264. Amelia's Sand Verbena  ______  (endemic to Texas)
     Abronia ameliae

  265. Narrow-leaf Sand Verbena  ______
     Abronia angustifolia

         The blossoms of the Narrow-leaf Verbena are often visited by butterflies.
  266. Sweet Sand Verbena  ______
     Abronia fragrans

  267. Angel Trumpets  ______
     Acleisanthes longiflora

  268. Vine Four-o'clock  ______
     Acleisanthes obtusa
  269. Trailing Four-o'clock  ______
     Allionia incarnata
  270. Purple Spiderling  ______
     Boerhaavia purpurascens
  271. Wild Four-o'clock  ______
     Mirabilis nyctaginea
  272. Scarlet Muskflower  ______
     Nyctaginia capitata

    Nyctaginia capitata     is commonly known as Devil's-bouquet.   


    Fumitory, or Earthsmoke Family, FUMARIACEAE
  273. Golden Corydalis  ______
     Corydalis aurea

  274. Southern Corydalis  ______
     Corydalis micrantha


    Gentian Family, GENTIANACEAE

  275. Mountain Pink  ______
    Centaurium beyrichii
  276. Bluebells  ______
    Eustoma russellianum      (was Eustoma grandiflorum)
    Another name for Eustoma russellianum is Purple Prairie Gentian.
  277. Meadow Pink  ______
     Sabatia campestris 


         Geranium Family, GERANIACEAE

  278. Cranesbill  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Erodium cicutarium 
  279. Texas Storksbill  ______
    Erodium texanum
  280. Carolina Geranium  ______
    Geranium carolinianum     

    Gourd Family, CUCURBITACEAE
  281. Buffalo Gourd  ______
     Cucurbita foetidissima      

    Honeysuckle Family, CAPRIFOLIACEAE


    Hypoxis Family, HYPOXIDACEAE
  282. Yellow Star Grass  ______ 
     Hypoxis hirsuta


         Iris Family, IRIDACEAE
  283. Purple Pleat-leaf  ______
    Alophia drummondii
  284. Herbertia  ______  (endemic to Texas, in the eastern & southern parts of the state)
    Herbertia lahue caerulea
  285. Southern Iris  ______
     Iris virginica (var. shrevei)
  286. Celestials  ______
     Nemastylis geminiflora
  287. Dotted Blue-eyed Grass  ______
     Sisyrinchium pruinosum


         Knotweed, or Buckwheat, or Dock Family, POLYGONACEAE
  288. Abert's Wild Buckwheat  ______
     Eriogonum abertianum
  289. Wild Buckwheat  ______
     Eriogonum annuum
  290. Heart-sepal Wild Buckwheat  ______
     Eriogonum multiflorum
  291. Southern Jointweed  ______
     Polygonella americana  
  292. Curl-top Smartweed  ______
     Polygonum lapathifolium


    Legume, or Pea, or Bean Family, LEGUMINOSAE or FABACEAE
    The seeds of many species in the LEGUMINOSAE, or FABACEAE are eaten by various birds, including Mourning Doves and Bobwhite Quail.
          
  293. Prairie Acacia  ______
    Acacia angustissima
  294. Groundnut  ______
    Apios americana
  295. Canada Milk Vetch  ______
     Astragalus canadensis

  296. Ground Plum  ______
     Astragalus crassicarpus

         Another common name for Astragalus crassicarpus is Buffalo Plum. 
    AN EDIBLE PLANT:

    The Ground Plum is edible, with a taste similar to that of the pod of green garden peas. It was used as a food source for various American native peoples (the Dakota, Pawnee, Omaha, Ponca, and probably others).   
  297. Slim-pod Milk Vetch  ______
     Astralgalus leptocarpus

  298. Woolly Locoweed  ______
     Astralgalus mollissimus

         The Woolly Locoweed contains the toxin, locoine, and so it is one of a few species of plants that can cause death to cattle and horses when eaten. The animals show a nervous derangement and have spasmodic and abnormal movements, thus appearing "loco" or "crazy".   

         See also Oxytropis lamberii (var. articulata), the Locoweed, also in this LEGUMINOSAE, or FABACEAE family. 

  299. White-flowered Wild Indigo  ______
     Baptisia alba  (var. macrophylla)

         MEDICINAL USE:  by Native American people in the American Southwest. Also used as  a dyeing agent.
    The young green foliage of Baptisia  alba is a larval food source for several species of butterflies.
  300. Wild Blue Indigo  ______
     Baptisia australis 

  301. Plains Wild Indigo  ______
     Baptisia bracteata      (was Baptisia leucophaea)
  302. Green Wild Indigo  ______
     Baptisia sphaerocarpa

  303. Butterfly Pea  ______
     Centrosema virginianum

  304. Partridge Pea  ______
     Chamaecrista fasciculata

         Chamaecrista fasciculata was previously in the genus Cassia.
  305. Pigeonwings  ______
     Clitoria mariana

         Pigeonwings is one of the larval food plants of several species of skipper butterflies.
  306. Golden Dalea  ______
     Dalea aurea

  307. Purple Dalea  ______
     Dalea lasithera

  308. White Prairie Clover  ______
     Dalea multiflora      (was Petlostemum multiflorum)
  309. Dwarf Dalea  ______
     Dalea nana

  310. Bearded Dalea  ______
     Dalea pogonathera

  311. Purple Prairie Clover  ______
     Dalea purpurea

     MEDICINAL USE: 

  312. Illinois Bundleflower  ______  
     Desmanthus illinoensis

         MEDICINAL USE:  the Pawnee used the leaf-tea wash of Desmanthus illinoensis for skin irritation.  
  313. Bagpod  ______
     Glottidium vesicarium

  314. Sicklepod Rush-pea  ______
    Hoffmannseggia glauca
  315. Scarlet Pea  ______
    Indigofera miniata
  316. Slender Bush Clover  ______
     Lespedeza virginica

  317. Annual Lupine  ______
     Lupinus concinnus

         The Annual Lupine is one of the six bluebonnet species designated as the Texas state flower.
    The other five species follow below. See the note with the Sandyland Bluebonnet. 
  318. Big Bend Bluebonnet  ______
     Lupinus havardii

  319. Perennial Bluebonnet  ______
     Lupinus perennis

  320. Dune Bluebonnet  ______  (extremely rare in Texas, in the far-northern part of the state)
     Lupinus plattensis

     Lupinus plattensis is also called the Platte River Bluebonnet.
  321. Sandyland Bluebonnet  ______  (endemic to Texas)
     Lupinus subcarnosus

         In 1901, the Sandyland Bluebonnet was adapted as the state flower of Texas, but because it was not as showy as the Texas Bluebonnet (below), popular opinion prompted the state to make all of the Lupinus occurring naturally in Texas as the "state flower". That 1971 decision ended the dispute as to the real Texas state flower and gave Texas five (now six) species of bluebonnets as its official state flower.
  322. Texas Bluebonnet  ______  (endemic to Texas)
     Lupinus texensis    

     The Texas Bluebonnet is widely planted by the Texas highway department in its erosion-control and roadside-beautification programs.

  323. White Sweet Clover  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Melilotus albus 
  324. Yellow Sweet Clover  ______  (non-native to Texas, from Europe)
    Melilotus officinalis
  325. Sensitive Brier  ______
    Mimosa nuttallii      (was Schrankia unicinata)
    Other common names for Mimosa nuttallii are Catclaw and Shame-boy.
    "Catclaw" is from the prickly characteistic of the plant.
    "Shame-boy" refers to the sensitive foliage that closes when touched.

  326. Powderpuff  ______
    Mimosa srigillosa
  327. Yellow-puff  ______
    Neptunia lutea
  328. Locoweed  ______
    Oxytropis lambertii  (var. articulata)
    Oxytropis lambertii     is highly toxic and is one of the most dangerous plants to livestock on the rangelands of the West. Grazing animals readily eat the plant, with often fatal results. 
  329. Tall Scurfy Pea  ______
    Pediomelum cuspidatum
  330. Breadroot  ______
    Pediomelum latesipulatum      (previously in the genus Psoralea)
    AN EDIBLE PLANT:      the large tuber-like root of Pediomelum latesipulatum is edible, and it may be eaten raw, boiled, or sliced and dried for later use as a flour or thickening for soups.
    It was an important food source for western Native American tribes and early explorers. 
  331. James'  Rush-pea  ______
    Pomaria jamesii
  332. Scurfy Pea  ______
    Psoralidium tenuiflorum
  333. Broad-leaf Snout-bean  ______
    Rhynchosia latifolia
  334. Lindheimer's Senna  ______
    Senna lindheimeriana
  335. Dwarf Senna  ______
    Senna pumilio
  336. Two-leaved Senna  ______
    Senna roemeriana
  337. Rattlebush  ______
    Sesbania drummondii
  338. Silky Sophora  ______
    Sophora nuttalliana
    Silky Sophora     is poisonous, especially the seed.

  339. Wild Bean  ______
    Strophostyles leiosperma
    Another name for Strophostyles leiosperma is Slick-seed Bean.

    AN EDIBLE PLANT:

    Although the beans of Strophostyles leiosperma are small, they have been used as food by various Native American tribes, and they are still valuable as a wildlife food source. 
  340. Pencil Flower  ______
    Stylosanthes biflora
  341. Lindheimer's Tephrosia  ______
    Tephrosia lindheimeri
  342. Multibloom Tephrosia  ______
    Tephrosia onobrychoides
  343. Goat's Rue  ______
    Tephrosia virginiana
  344. Low Hop Clover  ______  (non-native to Texas, from Europe)
    Trifolium campestre
  345. Crimson Clover  ______  (non-native to Texas, from Europe)
    Trifolium incarnatum
  346. White Clover  ______   (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Trifolium repens

    Trifolium repens is also in the list in this web-site of "northern plants", in Iceland.

  347. Persian Clover  ______  (non-native to Texas, from the Mediterranean region)
    Trifolium resupinatum
  348. Winter Vetch  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
         Vicia villosa
  349. Wild Cowpea  ______
     Vigna luteola
  350. Viperina  ______
     Zornia bracteata


         Lily Family, LILIACEAE
  351. Colicroot  ______
    Aletris aurea
  352. Wild Onion  ______
    Allium canadense
  353. Yellow-flowered Onion  ______  (endemic to Texas)
    Allium coryi
  354. Drummond's Wild Onion  ______
    Allium drummondii
  355. Wild Hyacinth  ______
    Camassia scilloides  
  356. Evening-star Rain Lily  ______
    Cooperia drummondii
  357. White Dogtooth Violet  ______
    Erythronium albidum
  358. Copper Lily  ______
    Habranthus tubispathus
  359. Spider Lily  ______
    Hymenocallis liriosme
    Hymenocallis liriosme     was previously placed in the Amaryllis family, AMARYLLIDACEAE.  
  360. False Garlic  ______
     Nothscordum bivale

  361. Great Solomon's Seal  ______
     Polygonatum biflorum

         MEDICINAL USE:      Native American people, such as the Cherokee, reportedly used the young plants of the 
    Great Solomon's Seal     as potherbs. 
    Dried roots were beaten and used as flour, and a root tea was used to treat general debility and stomach ailments. 
  362. Green Lily  ______
     Schoenocaulon drummondii 

  363. Yellow Sunny-bell  ______
     Schoenolirion croceum

  364. Wake-robin  ______
    Trillium gracile
  365. Death Camas  ______  
         Zygadenus nuttallii 

         Very similar, Zygadenus elegans, also called Death Camas, is in the list in this website of "Northern Plants", for Alaska. 
    Zygadenus nuttallii has highly toxic alkaloids, zygadenine and zygacine, that can cause death to cattle, and to humans, if eaten.


    Lizard's-tail Family, SAURURACEAE

  366. Lizard's-tail ______
    Saururus cernuus

    Loosestrife Family, LYTHRACEAE

  367. Lance-leaf Loosestrife  ______ 
    Lythrum alatum (var. lanceolatum)      (was Lythrum lanceolatum)

    Logania Family, LOGANIACEAE 

  368. Hornpod  ______
    Mitreola petiolata
  369. Pinkroot  ______
    Spigelia marilandica  

    Lotus Family, NELUMBONACEAE
    Was in the Water-lily Family, NYMPHAEACEAE
  370. Yellow Lotus  ______
    Nelumbo lutea

    Madder Family, RUBIACEAE
    Some notable plants in the family RUBIACEAE include Coffee (Coffea spp.) and Quinine (Cinchoa spp.).
    Closely related is the cultivated Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides). 
  371. Poor Joe  ______
    Diodia teres
  372. Virginia Buttonweed  ______
    Diodia virginiana
  373. Fine-leaf Bluet  ______
         Hedyotis nigricans
  374. Small Bluet  ______
     Houstonia micrantha      (was Hedyotis crassifolia)


         Mallow Family, MALVACEAE
  375. Pelotazo  ______
     Abutilon fruticosum

     The young foliage of Abuilon fruticosum is the larval food plant for several species of skipper butterflies. 
  376. Velvetleaf  ______
     Allowissadula holosericea

         Allowissadula holosericea was previously placed in the genus Wissadula.
  377. Bastardia  ______
     Bastardia viscosa
  378. Plains Poppy Mallow  ______
     Callirhoe alcaeoides
  379. Wine-cup  ______
     Callirhoe involucrata

    Callirhoe involucrata     is also known as Poppy Mallow.

  380. Tulipan del Monte  ______
     Hibiscus martianus      (was Hibiscus cardiophyllus)
  381. Salt Marsh Mallow  ______
     Kosteletzkya virginica 
  382. Three-lobe False Mallow  ______
     Malvastrum coromandelianum

    Malvastrum coromandelianum     is one of the known larval food plants for the butterfly Pyrgus communis, the Common Checkered Skipper, and probably other skippers.
  383. Malvella  ______
     Malvella lepidota
  384. Carolina Modiola  ______
     Modiola caroliniana
  385. Rock Rose  ______  (known to occur only in Texas & adjacent Mexico)
         Pavonia lasiopetala
  386. Bracted Sida  ______
     Sida ciliaris
  387. Copper Globemallow  ______
     Sphaeralcea angustifolia
  388. Caliche Globemallow  (or Scarlet Globemallow)  (ph)  ______
         Sphaeralcea coccinae 



    Caliche Globemallow  
    (photo by Doris Potter)


         Meadow-beauty Family, MELASTOMATACEAE
  389. Maryland Meadow-beauty  ______
     Rhexia mariana


     Milkweed Family, ASCLEPIADACEAE

    Most milkweeds contain contain poisonous glycosides, and the larvae of the butterflies Danaus plexippus, the Monarch, and Danaus gilippus, the Queen, which use plants in the genus Asclepias as their main food source, absorb the chemicals and are therefore toxic to predators.    



    Two butterflies that favor Milkweeds. 
    Above: the Monarch, below: the Queen
    (upper photo by Rise Hill; lower photo by Howard Eskin)

  390. Antelope Horn  ______
     Asclepias asperula
  391. Showy Milkweed  ______
     Asclepias speciosa
  392. Butterfly-weed  ______
     Asclepias tuberosa interior 

     Other common names for Asiepias tuberosa are Chiggerweed and Pleurisy Bush.
  393. White-flowered Milkweed  ______
     Asclepias variegata
  394. Green Milkweed  ______
     Asclepias viridis
  395. Climbing Milkweed  _____
     Funastrum     (formerly Sarcostemma) cynanchoides
  396. Stinking Matelea  ______
     Matelea cynanchoides
  397. Green Milkweed Vine  ______
     Matelea reticulata


         Milkwort Family, POLYGALACEAE

  398. White Milkwort  ______
     Polygala alba


     Mint Family, LAMIACEAE
  399. Sand Brazoria  ______  (endemic to Texas)
     Brazoria pulcherrima

  400. Henbit  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
     Lamium amplexicaule

  401. Common Horehound  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
     Marrubium vulgare
  402. Lemon Mint  ______
     Monarda citriodora

         AN EDIBLE PLANT:

         A delightful tea can be brewed from the dried leaves of Lemon Mint. The entire plant has a noticeable fragrance of lemon.
  403. Wild Bergamot  ______
     Monarda fistulosa  
  404. Lindheimer's Bee Balm  ______
     Monarda lindheimeri
  405. Spotted Bee Balm  ______
     Monarda punctata
  406. False Dragonhead  ______
     Physostegia digitalis

         Other common names for Physostegia digitalis are Lion-heart and Obedient Plant.
  407. Beautiful False Dragonhead  ______
     Physostegia pulchella  
  408. Self-heal  ______   
     Prunella vulgaris

         Seal-heal is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants", in Iceland.

    In Texas, Self-heal is visited by the butterfly Colias philodice, the Clouded Sulphur.
  409. White-leaf Mountain Mint  ______
     Pycnanthemum albescens
  410. Mountain Mint  ______
     Pycnanthemum tenuifolium

         MEDICINAL USE:      especially as a tea drink and a sedative.
  411. Blue Sage  ______
     Salvia azurea

  412. Tropical Sage  ______
     Salvia coccinea

         The flowers of Salvia coccinea attract several species of butterflies and are especially favored by hummingbirds.
  413. Engelmann's Salvia  ______  (endemic to Texas)
     Salvia engelmannii

  414. Mealy Sage  ______
     Salvia farinacea

  415. Lyre-leaf Sage  ______
     Salvia lyrata

         MEDICINAL USE:      The distinctive lyre-shaped leaves of Salvia lyrata were once used by the Cherokee to brew a tea as a laxative and for colds, coughs, and nervousness. It was also used with honey to make a syrup for asthma.  
  416. Drummond's Skullcap  ______
     Scutellaria drummondii

  417. Heart-leaf Skullcap  ______
     Scutellaria ovata

  418. Pink Mint  ______
     Stachys drummondii

  419. American Germander  ______
     Teucrium canadense

         Another common name for Teucrium canadense is Wood Sage. 
  420. Cut-leaf Germander  ______
     Teucrium cubense 

  421. Forked Blue Curls  ______
     Trichostema dichotomum
  422. Prairie Brazoria  ______
     Warnockia scutellarioides


         Morning Glory Family, CONVOLVULACEAE

  423. Bindweed  ______
    Convolvulus arvensis
  424. Texas Bindweed  ______
    Convolvulus equitans
  425. Sharp-pod Morning Glory  ______
    Ipomoea cordatotriloba
  426. Beach Morning Glory  ______
    Ipomoea imperati
  427. Wild Potato  ______
    Ipomoea pandurata
  428. Goat-foot Morning Glory  ______
    Ipomoea pes-caprae brasiliensis
  429. Salt Marsh Morning Glory  ______
    Ipomoea sagittata 
  430. Hairy Cluster-vine  ______
    Jacquemontia tamnifolia
  431. White Stylisma  ______
    Stylisma humistrata  

    Mountain Parsley Family, CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE

  432. Parsley Fern  ______  AK
     Cryptogramma crispa


    Mustard Family, BRASSICADEAE, formerly CRUCIFERAE

  433. India Mustard  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Europe)
    Brassica juncea 
  434. Sea Rocket  ______
    Cakile lanceolata pseudonstricta
  435. Spring Cress  ______
     Cardamine rhomboidea

  436. Tansy Mustard  ______
    Descurainia pinnata
  437. Spectacle Pod  ______
    Dimorphocarpa wislizenii 

  438. Plains Wallflower  ______
     Erysimum asperum
  439. Western Wallflower  ______
     Erysimum capitatum
  440. Western Peppergrass  ______
     Lepidium alyssoides
  441. Fendler's Bladderpod  ______
     Lesquerella fendleri

  442. Cloth-of-gold  ______
     Lesquerella gracilis

  443. Mesa Greggia  ______
     Nerisyrenia camporum

  444. Mountain Mustard  ______
     Schenocrambe linearifolia      (was Sisymbrium linearifolium)
  445. Texas Selenia  ______
     Selenia dissecta
  446. Jones' Selenia  ______
     Selenia jonesii
  447. Charlock  ______
     Sinapis arvensis
  448. Broad-pod Twistflower  ______
     Streptanthus platycarpus     


     Nightshade Family, SOLANACEAE

     Although many wild species in SOLANACEAE are poisonous, some notable cultivated crops also belong to this family, including eggplant (Solanum melongena), potato (Solanum tuberosum), tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum), and tomatoes (Lycoperisicon spp.). 
  449. False Nightshade  ______
     Chamesaracha coniodes
  450. Dirty False Nightshade  ______
     Chamesaracha sordida
  451. Downy Thornapple  (ph)  ______
     Datura wrigtii



    Two photographs of Downy Thornapple, Below, in bloom.
     (both photos by Doris Potter)
  452. Fiddle-leaf Tobacco  ______
     Nicotiana repanda
  453. Desert Tobacco  ______
     Nicotiana trigonophylla
  454. Common Ground-cherry  ______
     Physalis longifolia
  455. Purple Ground-cherry  ______
     Quincula lobata 
  456. Carolina Horse Nettle (ph)  ______
     Solanum carolinense



    Carolina Horse Nettle
     (photo by Doris Potter)
  457. Silver-leaf Nightshade  (ph)  ______
     Solanum elaeagnifolium

         MEDICINAL USE:  the berries of Silver-leaf Nightshade were used by Native American people to treat sore throat and toothache. 
    The berries were also mixed with cream and applied to the skin reportedly as a cure for the rash caused by Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). 


    Silver-leaf Nightshade
         (photo by Doris Potter)
  458. American Nightshade  ______
     Solanum ptychanthum
  459. Buffalo Bur  ______
     Solanum rostratum


    Oleaster Family, ELAEAGNACEAE


    Olive Family, OLEACEAE
  460. Redbud  ______
    Menodora heterophylla


    Orchid Family, ORCHIDACEAE
  461. Coralroot Orchid  ______
     Corallorhiza wisteriana  

     The genus Coralorhiza is named for the rhizomes which resemble pieces of sea coral.

  462. Spring Ladies Tresses  ______
     Spiranthes vernalis


    Parsley or Celery Family, APIACEAE

  463. Eryngo  ______
     Eryngium leavenworthii

  464. Button Snakeroot  ______
    Eryngium yuccifolium
  465. Sombrerillo  ______  
    Hydrocotyle bonariensis
  466. Prairie Parsley  ______
     Polytaenia nuttallii
  467. Mock Bishop's-weed  ______
     Ptilimnium nuttallii
  468. Texas Tauschia texana  ______
     Tauschia texana
  469. Golden Alexanders  ______
     Zizia aurea


    Passionflower Family, PASSIFLORACEAE
  470. Passionflower  ______
     Passiflora incarnata

         MEDICINAL PLANT:  Native American people used almost all the parts of Passiflora incarnata to treat various ailments - but the plant can be quite toxic if used improperly.
    The root was powdered and applied as a poultice for cuts, wounds, ear-ache, and inflammation.
    Modern research has shown that extracts are mildly sedative, reduce blood pressure, and increase the respiratory rate.

    Passionflower is a food plant for several species of butterfly larvae. 

    Phlox, or Polemonium Family, POLEMONIACEAE

  471. Blue Gilia  ______
    Gilia rigidula
  472. Skyrocket  ______
    Ipomopsis aggregata
  473. Havard's Ipomopsis  ______
    Ipomopsis havardii
  474. Pale Trumpets  (ph)  ______
    Ipomopsis longiflora  
    Pale Trumpets     was formerly in the genus Gilia, and is still commonly called the Pale-flower Gilia or White-flower Gilia.  



    Pale Trumpets
    (photo by Doris Potter)
  475. Standing Cypress  ______
    Ipomopsis rubra
    Other names for Ipomopsis rubra are Flame-flower and Texas Star.
  476. Pointed Phlox  ______
    Phlox cuspidata
  477. Drummond's Phlox  ______
    Phlox drummondii
  478. Prairie Phlox  ______
    Phlox pilosa 


    Pickerel-weed Family, PONTEDERIACEAE
  479. Water Hyacinth  ______  (non-native in Texas, from Brazil)
         Eichhornia crassipes
  480. Mud Plantain  ______
     Heteranthera limosa
  481. Pickerelweed  ______
     Pontederia cordata


         Pineapple Family, BROMELIACEAE

  482. Spanish Moss  ______ 
    Tillandsia usneoides

    Pine Family, PINACEAE


    Pink, or Carnation Family, CARYOPHYLLACEAE
  483. Sandwort  ______
     Minuartia drummondii

  484. Broom Whitlow Wort  ______
     Paronychia virginica

  485. Mountain Catchfly  ______
    Silene laciniata greggii


    Plumbago, or Sea Lavender Family, PLUMBAGINACEAE
  486. Sea Lavender  ______
     Limonium carolinianum  (was Limonium nashii)


    Pokeweed Family, PHYTOLACCACEAE

  487. Rouge Plant  (ph)  ______
    Rivina humilis



    A Rouge Plant, with its small red berry
    (photo courtesy of Michiel Koomen)

    Poppy Family, PAPAVERACEAE
  488. White Prickly Poppy  (ph)  ______
    Argemone albiflora
    MEDICINAL USE:      although all the parts of the White Prickly Poppy are somewhat poisonous, the plant has been traditionally used in many remedies. 
    A seed tea was drunk as a purgative, and an infusion was given for colic and applied externally for headaches.  


    White Prickly Poppy photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
  489. Yellow Prickly Poppy  ______ 
    Argemone mexicana
  490. Rose Prickly Poppy  ______
     Argemone sanguinea

  491. California Gold Poppy  ______
     Eschscholzia californica 
     Eschscholzia californica mexicana:  Mexican Gold Poppy  (ph)   ______

    In Mexico, the Mexican Gold Poppy has the Spanish name Amapola del Campo, meaning "poppy of the field".  



    Mexican Gold Poppy, photographed during a FONT tour
         (photo by Rise Hill)


    Purslane Family, PORTULACACEAE
  492. Spring Beauty  ______
    Claytonia virginica
  493. Shaggy Portulaca  ______
         Portulaca pilosa  (was Portulaca mundula)

         Another name for Portulaca pilosa is Moss Rose.
  494. Wing-pod Portulaca  ______
     Portulaca umbraticola


         Ratany Family, KRAMERIACEAE

  495. Crameria  ______
     Krameria lanceolata

    Rose Family, ROSACEAE


    Sedge Family, CYPERACEAE
  496. White-top Sedge  ______
     Rhynchospora colorata


         Seseme Family, PEDALIACEAE
  497. Devil's Claw  ______
     Proboscidea louisianica

    Proboscidea louisianica         includes the Fragrant Devil's Claw that was recently treated as Proboscidea fragans.

    Proboscidea louisianica     was in the family MARTYNIACEAE. 


         Soapberry Family, SAPINDACEAE

    including the Maples, formerly in their own family, ACERACEAE  
  498. Bigtooth Maple  (*)  ______
    Acer grandidentatum

    Other names for Acer grandidentatum are Canyon Maple, or the Uvalde Bigtooth Maple. Uvalde is in the Texas "Hill Country".   


    Spiderwort Family, COMMELINA
  499. Erect Dayflower  ______
     Commelina erecta
  500. Prairie Spiderwort  ______
     Tradescantia occidentalis  
  501. Ohio Spiderwort  ______
     Tradescantia ohiensis


    Spurge Family, EUPHORBIACEAE
  502. Cardinal Feather  ______
     Acalypha radians

  503. Bull Nettle  ______
     Cnidoscolus texanus

  504. Snow-on-the-Prairie  ______
     Euphorbia bicolor

  505. Snow-on-the-Mountain  ______
     Euphorbia marginata

  506. Roemer's Spurge  ______
     Euphorbia roemeriana


    Stickleaf Family, LOASACEAE
  507. Stinging Cevallia  ______
     Cevallia sinuata
  508. Rock Nettle  ______
     Eucnide bartonioides
  509. Sand Lily  ______
     Mentzelia nuda stricta
  510. Stickleaf  ______
     Mentzelia oligosperma
  511. Prairie Stickleaf  ______
     Mentzelia reverchonii


    Stonecrop Family, CRASSULACEAE
  512. Longpetal Echeveria  ______
     Echeveria strictiflora

     
  513. Yellow Stonecup  ______
     Sedum nuttallianum

    Valerian Family, VALERIANACEAE
  514. Woods Corn Salad  ______
     Valerianella woodsiana


         Vervain Family, VERBENACEAE
  515. Dakota Vervain  ______
     Glandularia bipinnatifida

         The flowers of Dakota Vervain are rich in nectar and attractive to various species of butterflies. 
  516. Rose Vervain  ______
     Glandularia canadensis

         In Texas, Rose Vervain is heavily used by early-emerging or overwintering butterflies. 
  517. Texas Frig-fruit  ______
     Lippia nodiflora

  518. Gray Vervain  ______
     Verbena canescens

         The flowers of the Gray Vervain are a favorite of smaller butterflies.
  519. Texas Vervain  ______
     Verbena halei
  520. Tuber Vervain  ______
     Verbena rigida

     The long-lasting flower spikes of the Tiber Vervain are greatly attractive to many species of butterflies.   


    Violet Family, VIOLACEAE
  521. Field Pansy  ______
     Viola bicolor      (was Viola rafinesquii)  

  522. Lovell Violet  ______
     Viola palmata      (was Viola lovelliana) 

  523. Bird's-foot Violet  ______
     Viola pedata

  524. Primrose-leaved Violet  ______
     Viola primulifolia 


         Waterleaf Family, HYDROPHYLLACEAE
  525. Blue Waterleaf  ______
     Hydrolea ovata

  526. Sand-bell  ______
     Nama hispidum

  527. Baby Blue-eyes  ______
     Nemophila phaceliodes

         Other common names for Nemophila phaceliodes are Flannel Breeches and Large-flowered Nemophila.
  528. Phacelia  ______
     Phacelia congesta

         Other common names for Phacelia congesta are Blue-curls, Spiderflower, and Wild Heliotrope. 
  529. Gyp Blue-curls  ______
     Phacelia integrifolia
  530. Purple Phacelia  ______
     Phacelia patuliflora


         Water Lily Family, NYMPHAEACEAE
  531. Spatterdock  ______
    Nuphar lutea advena      (was Nuphar luteum macrophyllum)
    Other names for Spatterdock are Cow Lily and Yellow Pond Lily.
  532. Blue Water Lily  ______
     Nymphaea elegans

  533. Yellow Water Lily  ______
     Nymphaea mexicana

  534. Fragrant Water Lily  ______
     Nymphaea odorata


    Water-plantain Family, ALISMATACEAE
  535. Wapato  ______
    Sagittaria latifolia
  536. Delta Arrowhead  ______
     Sagittaria platyphylla 


    Willow Family, SALICACEAE     

    This family includes trees: Aspens, Cottonwoods, Poplars.


    Wood-sorrel Family,
  537. Yellow Wood-sorrel  ______
     Oxalis diffenii

  538. Violet Wood-sorrel  ______
     Oxalis violacea      



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