Mammals 
in North America



Noting those during 
Focus On Nature Tours
from 1991 thru 2015
with an (*)

A List of Mammals in North America
both Land and Marine 
compiled by Armas Hill

With 404 species of mammals in this list.


Photo at upper right: a SILVER-HAIRED BAT,
70 miles off the coast of New Jersey, during a FONT pelagic trip in September 2004.   


Codes:

Mammals seen during FONT tours & pelagic trips are noted in this list with the following codes in blue. 
Otherwise, the codes for occurrences are in black.   

AK:   in Alaska  (inc. offshore)
AZ:    in Arizona
BC:   in British Colombia, Canada
CA:   in California  (inc. offshore)
CO:   in Colorado
DE:   in Delaware  (inc. offshore) 
FL:   in Florida  (inc. offshore)
KS:   in Kansas
MD:  in Maryland  (inc. offshore) 
MX:  in Mexico
NC:   in North Carolina  (inc. offshore) 
NE:   in Nebraska 
NJ:   in New Jersey  (inc. offshore)
NF;   in Newfoundland, Canada  (inc. offshore)
NM:  in New Mexico
NY:   in New York  (inc. offshore)
TX:   in Texas 
VA:   in Virginia
WA:  in Washington State (inc. offshore)
WI:   in the West Indies
WY:  in Wyoming

(p): seen pelagically offshore

SPECIES CLASSIFIED AS THREATENED GLOBALLY:
   (t1):  critically endangered
   (t2):  endangered 
   (t3):  vulnerable
(nt):  classified as near-threatened 

(ph):  species with a photo in this FONT website
 

The widespread Red Fox
(photo by Doris Potter)

Links to Groups of Mammals in this List: 

American Opossums     Armadillos     Rabbits & Hares     Squirrels
American Beaver     Mice & Rats     North American Porcupine     Canines
Felines     Bears     Procyonids (Raccoons & Allies)     Mustelids
Shrews & Moles     Bats    Seals, Sea Lions, Walrus     
Even-toed Ungulates (Sheep, Goats, Bison, Musk Ox)    Pronghorn
New World Pigs     Deer    Manatee    Porpoises, Dolphins, Whales 
        

Other Links:

A List & Photo Gallery of Mammals of Eastern North America  

Lists & Photo Galleries of Mammals in:     Alaska   Arizona

California     Colorado     North Carolina     Texas     Washington State

A Complete List & a Photo Gallery of North American Birds, in 6 parts:
Part #1: Grouse to Anhinga     List #2: Condor to Shorebirds     List #3: Jaegers to Cuckoos 
List #4: Owls to Flycatchers     List #5: Shrikes to Pipits     List #6: Olive Warbler to Buntings

Other Lists & Photo Galleries of:  Mammals    Birds    Butterflies    Amphibians, Reptiles 

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in North America    Upcoming FONT Tours Elsewhere 

          AMERICAN OPOSSUMS 
          (in the Order Didelphimorphia (formerly Marsupialia), Family Didelphidae)

1. Virginia Opossum  (ph) (*)  ______ CA  DE  TX
   Didelphis virginiana
   
   The Virginia Opossum is the only marsupial in North America. (There are numerous species of marsupials in Central and South America.) The young of Didelphis virginiana are carried in a pouch on the belly of the female.  
   
   Where it occurs, the Virginia Opossum is often found commonly in all sheltered habitats. It is normally active only at night.
   Didelphis virginiana eats fruit, vegetables, nuts, meat, eggs, insects, and carrion (in other words, just about anything).  
   
   
   
   Virginia Opossum
   (photo by Karl Frafjord, during a FONT tour in Texas)
   
   
   ARMADILLOS (in the Order Xenarthra (formerly Edentata)
   
   "Edentates" means "those without teeth". However, this term is more appropriate for the xenarthrans that truly are toothless, the Old World pangolins.
   
   Family Dasypodidae
   
   
2. Nine-banded (Long-nosed) Armadillo  (ph) (*)  ______  FL  TX
   Dasypus novemcinctus
   
   Of the 20 species of armadillos in the New World, Dasypus novemcinctus is the only one in the United States. 
   
    
   
   Nine-banded Armadillo 
   
   
   PIKAS, RABBITS & HARES  (Order Lagomorpha)
   
   
   PIKA  (Family Ochotonidae) 
   
   
3. American Pika  (or Cony) (*) ______  AK  CO
   Ochotona princeps
   
   
4. Collared Pika  ______  AK
   Ochotona collaris
   
   
   RABBITS & HARES  (Family Leporidae)
   
   
5. European Rabbit  (i) (*)  ______  AK  WA  
   Oryctolagus cuniculus  (the single member of its genus)
   
   
6. Mountain Cottontail  (*)  ______  AZ  CO  WA  WY 
   Sylvilagus nuttallii
   
   The Mountain Cottontail has also been called Nuttall's Cottontail.
   
   
7. Desert Cottontail  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CA  CO  NM  TX 
   Sylvilagus audubonii
   
   
   
   A Desert Cottontail, photographed during a FONT tour  
   
   
8. Eastern Cottontail  (*)  ______  AZ  CO  DE  FL  KS  NC  NE  OK  TX  WA 
   Sylvilagus floridanus 
   
   There is a western population of the Eastern Cottontail in central-east Washington State. 
   
   
9. New England Cottontail  ______
   Sylvilagus transitionalis
   
   
10. Appalachian Cottontail  ______
    Sylvilagus obscurus
    
    
11. Marsh Rabbit  (*)  ______  FL  NC
    Sylvilagus (formerly Tapeti) palistris
    
    
12. Swamp Rabbit  ______  TX
    Sylvilagus (formerly Tapeti) aquaticus 
    
    
13. Brush Rabbit  (*)  ______  CA  
    Sylvilagus (formerly Microlagus) bachmani
    
    
14. Pygmy Rabbit  ______  
    Brachylagus idahoensis  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
15. Black-tailed Jackrabbit  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CA  CO  KS  NM  OK  TX 
    Lepus californicus
    
    
    
    Black-tailed Jackrabbits, photographed during a FONT tour 
    
    
16. White-tailed Jackrabbit  (*)  ______  CO  KS
    Lepus townsendii
    
    
17. Antelope Jackrabbit  (ph) (*)  ______ AZ
    Lepus alleni
    
    
18. White-sided Jackrabbit  ______
    Lepus callotis
    
    
19. Snowshoe Hare  (*) ______  AK  CO  NF  WY  
    Lepus americanus
    
    Another name for Lepus americanus is the Varying Hare.
    
    
20. Alaskan Hare  (*) ______  AK
    Lepus othus
    
    
21. Arctic Hare  ______
    Lepus arcticus  
    
    
    RODENTS: gnawing mammals  (Order Rodentia - the largest order of mammals with nearly 2,000 species worldwide)
    Families include:
    Sewellel  (Aplodontiidae)
    Squirrels  (Sciuridae)
    Pocket Gophers  (Geomyidae)
    Kangaroo Rats & Pocket Mice  (Heteromyidae)
    Mice & Rats  (Muridae), New World Mice & Rats  (subfamily Sigmodontinae)
    New World Porcupines  (Erethizontidae)  
    
    
    Family APLODONTIIDAE
    
    
22. Sewellel  ______   
    Aplodontia rufa  (the single member of its genus)
    
    Aplodontia rufa has been called the Mountain Beaver.
    
    
    Family SCIURIDAE:  Squirrels
    
    
23. Hoary Marmot  (*) ______  AK  WA  
    Marmota caligata
    
    Another name for the Hoary Marmot is the "Whistler".  
    
    
24. Alaska Marmot  ______  AK  (in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska)
    Marmota broweri
    
    
25. Yellow-bellied Marmot  (ph) (*) ______ CO  
    Marmota flaviventris 
    
    Another name for the Yellow-bellied Marmot is the "Rockchuck".
    
    
    
    Yellow-bellied Marmot
    
    
26. Olympic Marmot  ______  WA  (on montane meadows & slopes of the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington State)
    Marmota olympus
    
    
27. Vancouver Island Marmot  ______
    Marmota vancouverensis  
    
    
28. Woodchuck  (ph) (*) ______  AK  DE  NE  
    Marmota monax
    
    Another name for the Woodchuck is the "Groundhog". 
    
    The Woodchuck lives in deep burrows excavated in fields, woods. It is thick-bodied, short-legged, brown colored, and a vegetarian that in the mid-Atlantic states of eastern US hibernates from October to February.   
     
    The subspecies of the Woodchuck in Alaska, M. m. ochracea, is reddish cinnamon in color.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Woodchucks (upper photo: an adult; lower photo: two young)
    (photographs by Doris Potter)
    
    
29. Black-tailed Prairie Dog  (*)  ______  AZ  CO  KS  NE  TX
    Cynomys ludovicianus
    
    
30. White-tailed Prairie Dog  (*) ______ CO
    Cynomys leucurus
    
    
31. Gunnison Prairie Dog  (ph) (*)  ______ CO
    Cynomys gunnisoni
    
    
    
    Gunnison's Prairie Dog
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
32. Utah Prairie Dog  (t2)  ______
    Cynomys parvidens
    
    
33. Harris's Antelope Squirrel  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  
    Ammospermophilus harrisii 
    
    Ammospermophilus harrisii has also been called the Yuma Antelope Squirrel.
    
    
    
    Harris's Antelope Squirrel, photographed during a FONT tour 
    
    
34. Texas Antelope Squirrel  (*) ______ TX
    Ammospermophilus interpres
    
    
35. White-tailed Antelope Squirrel  (ph)  ______
    Ammospermophilus leucurus
    
    
    
    White-tailed Antelope Squirrel
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
36. Nelson's Antelope Squirrel  (t2)  ______  (in the San Joaquin valley of southern California) 
    Ammospermophilus nelsoni
    
    
37. California Ground Squirrel  (ph) (*) ______ CA
    Spermophilus (formerly Otospermophilus) beecheyi
    
    
    
    A California Ground Squirrel at Monterey, California
    (photo by Armas Hill)
    
    
38. Arctic Ground Squirrel  (ph) (*) ______  AK
    Spermophilus (formerly Urocitellus) parryii
    
    
    
    Arctic Ground Squirrel
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
39. Columbian Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus (formerly Urocitellus) columbianus
    
    
40. Spotted Ground Squirrel  ______  AZ  TX
    Spermophilus (formerly Ictidomys) spilosoma 
    
    
41. Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel  (*) ______ CO  NE  WY  TX
    Spermophilus (formerly Ictidomys) tridecemlineatus
    
    
42. Mexican Ground Squirrel  (*) ______ NM  TX
    Spermophilus (formerly Ictidomys) mexicanus 
    
    
43. Richardson's Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus richardsonii
    
    
44. Wyoming Ground Squirrel  (*) ______ CO  WY
    Spermophilus elegans
    
    The Wyoming Ground Squirrel was conspecific with the Richardson's Ground Squirrel (above).
    
    
45. Washington Ground Squirrel  (*) ______ WA
    Spermophilus washingtoni
    
    
46. Belding's Ground Squirrel  (*) ______ WA  (seen in eastern Washington State, slightly north of boundary in range maps)
    Spermophilus beldingi 
    
    
47. Uinta Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus armatus
    
    
48. Idaho Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus brunneus
    
    
49. Merriam's Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus canus
    
    
50. Piute Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus mollis 
    
    
51. Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel  (*) ______  AZ  CO
    Spermophilus (formerly Callospermophilus or Citellus) lateralis 
    
    
52. Cascade Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel  (*) ______  WA 
    Spermophilus (formerly Callospermophilus) saturatus
    
    The Cascade Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel is a recent "split" from the Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (above).
    
    
53. Townsend's Ground Squirrel  (*) ______  WA 
    Spermophilus townsendii 
    
    
54. Round-tailed Ground Squirrel  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ
    Spermophilus (formerly Xerospermophilus) tereticaudus
    
    
    
    Round-tailed Ground Squirrel, photographed during a FONT tour
    
    
55. Mojave Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus (formerly Xerospermophilus) mohavensis 
    
    
56. Variegated Ground Squirrel (or Rock Squirrel)  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CO  NM  TX
    Spermophilus (formerly Otospermophilus) variegatus
    
    
57. Franklin's Ground Squirrel  ______
    Spermophilus (formerly Poliocitellus) franklinii
    
    
58. Townsend's Chipmunk  (*)  ______ WA 
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) townsendii
    
    
59. Yellow-pine Chipmunk  (*)  ______ WA  
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) amoenus
    
    
60. Merriam's Chipmunk  (*)  ______ CA  
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) merriami
    
    
61. Least Chipmunk  (*)  ______  AZ  CO  WA  WY
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) minimus
    
    
62. Panamint Chipmunk  (*)  ______ CA 
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) panamintinus
    
    
63. Colorado Chipmunk  (*)  ______ CO
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) quadrivittatus
    
    
64. Cliff Chipmunk  (ph) (*)  ______ AZ
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) dorsalis
    
    
    
    Cliff Chipmunk, photographed during a FONT tour 
    
    
65. Alpine Chipmunk  ______  (in high altitude rocky alpine meadows in the Sierra Nevada range in California)
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) alpinus
    
    
66. Gray-footed Chipmunk  ______  TX  (on rocky, brushy slopes of south-central New Mexico & extreme west Texas)
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) canipes
    
    
67. California Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) obscurus
    
    
68. Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) ochrogenys
    
    
69. Palmer's Chipmunk  ______  (in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada)
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) palmeri
    
    
70. Long-eared Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) quadrimaculatus
    
    
71. Red-tailed Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) ruficaudus)
    
    
72. Hopi Chipmunk  (ph)  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) rufus
    
    
    
    Hopi Chipmunk
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
73. Shadow Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) senax
    
    
74. Siskiyou Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) siskiyou
    
    
75. Sonoma Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) sonomae
    
    
76. Lodgepole Chipmunk  ______
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) speciosus
    
    
77. Uinta Chipmunk  (*)  ______  AZ
    Tamias (formerly Neotamias) umbrinus 
    
    
78. Eastern Chipmunk  (ph) (*)  ______ DE
    Tamias striatus
    
    The Eastern Chipmunk lives in hardwood forests among logs and stumps. It is solitary and feeds on seeds, bulbs, fruits, nuts, insects, and eggs. It runs with its tail straight up.
    
    
    
    Eastern Chipmunk
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
79. Eastern Gray Squirrel  (i/wNA) (ph) (*)  ______  BC  DE  NC  NE  TX  WA  
    Sciurus carolinensis
    
    The Eastern Gray Squirrel inhabits woodlands including those of oak and hickory. It is arboreal, rarely venturing far from trees. It stores nuts and acorns in small holes, some of which germinate and grow into trees.  
    
    
    
    Eastern Gray Squirrel
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
80. Western Gray Squirrel  (*)  ______ CA  WA  
    Sciurus (formerly Hesperosciurus) griseus
    
    
81. Arizona Gray Squirrel  (*)  ______  AZ
    Sciurus arizonensis
    
    
82. Eastern Fox Squirrel  (ph) (*)  ______  CO  NC  NE  TX  VA
    Sciurus niger
    (northern form in Colorado & Nebraska; in Nebraska the black morph)
    (in North Carolina, a dark southeastern form, but with white nose and ears) 
    
    
    
    An Eastern Fox Squirrel photographed during the FONT birding & nature tour
    in North Carolina in May 2009
    
    
83. Mexican Fox Squirrel  (*)  ______  AZ   
    Sciurus nayaritensis 
    
    The Mexican Fox Squirrel has been called the Apache Fox Squirrel, Sciurus apache.
    
    In the US, Sciurus nayaritensis occurs only in the Chiricahua Mountains in southeastern Arizona.   
    
    
84. Tassel-eared Squirrel  (*) ______  AZ  CO  
    Sciurus (formerly Otosciurus) aberti
    
    Another name for Sciurus aberti is the Abert's Squirrel.
    
    One of the subspecies of the Tassel-eared Squirrel, Sciurus aberti kaibabensis, is the "Kaibab Squirrel".   
    
    
85. American Red Squirrel  (*)  ______  AK  AZ  CO  NF  WA   
    Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
    
    Another name for Tamiasciurus hudsonicus has been the "Spruce Squirrel".
    
    
86. Douglas' Squirrel  (*) ______ WA 
    Tamiasciurus douglasii 
    
    The Douglas' Squirrel is also called the "Chickaree". Note, however, that the Red Squirrel (above) is also referred to as the "Chickaree" in the Rocky Mountains. 
    
    
87. Southern Flying Squirrel  (*)  ______  DE  TX
    Glaucomys volans
    
    Where it occurs the Southern Flying Squirrel can be common, but it is not often seen because it is totally nocturnal. It inhabits hollow trees, emerging after dark. It glides from tree to tree on a flap of skin between its front and hind legs. It feeds on seeds, nuts, and insects.  
    
    
88. Northern Flying Squirrel  ______  AK
    Glaucomys sabrinus
    
    
    AQUATIC RODENTS
    
    
89. American Beaver  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  AZ  CO  DE  NE  NF  WY
    Castor canadensis 
    
    The American Beaver is a nocturnal animal, occasionally seen during the day. It feeds on tree bark, and uses felled trees to build dams and lodges. 
    
    
    
    American Beaver
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
90. Muskrat  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  AZ  CO  DE  NE  WA  WY  
    Ondatra zibethicus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    The Muskrat can be common in various freshwater habitats, and it sometimes occurs in salt marshes. Its houses can be seen as mounds of reeds and grasses rising above water level. 
    The Muskrat has a tail that is flattened side to side. The animal is trapped for its pelt.    
    
    
    
    Muskrat
    (photo by Doris Potter)
    
    
91. Nutria (or Coypu)  (i) (ph) (*)  ______  NC  TX  WA
    Myocastor coypus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    The Nutria is native to South America.
    
    
    
    A Nutria, or Coypu, photographed during a FONT tour
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
92. Round-tailed Muskrat  ______
    Neofiber alleni  (the single member of its genus) 
    
    
    POCKET GOPHERS (Family Geomyidae)
    
    
93. Northern Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys talpoides
    
    
94. Western Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys mazama
    
    
95. Camas Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys bulbivorus
    
    
96. Idaho Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys idahoensis
    
    
97. Wyoming Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys clusius
    
    
98. Townsend's Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys townsendii
    
    
99. Mountain Pocket Gopher  ______
    Thomomys monticola
    
    
100. Botta's Pocket Gopher  ______  TX
     Thomomys bottae
     
     
101. Southern Pocket Gopher  ______
     Thomomys umbrinus
     
     
102. Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher  (*)  ______ TX
     Pappogeomys (formerly Cratogeomys) castanops
     
     
103. Plains Pocket Gopher  ______  TX
     Geomys bursarius
     
     
104. Baird's Pocket Gopher  ______  TX
     Geomys breviceps
     
     
105. Attwater's Pocket Gopher  ______  TX  (endemic to Texas)
     Geomys attwateri 
     
     
106. Knox Jones'  Pocket Gopher  ______  TX
     Geomys knoxjonesi
     
     
107. Central Texas (or Llano) Pocket Gopher  ______  TX  (endemic to Texas)
     Geomys texensis
     
     
108. Desert Pocket Gopher  ______  TX
     Geomys arenarius
     
     
109. Texas Pocket Gopher  ______  TX(south)
     Geomys personatus
     
     
110. Southeastern Pocket Gopher  ______
     Geomys pinetis  
     
     
     MICE & RATS
     
     
111. Woodland Jumping Mouse  ______ 
     Napacozapus insignis
     
     
112. Meadow Jumping Mouse  ______  AK
     Zapus hudsonius
     
     
113. Western Jumping Mouse  ______
     Zapus princeps
     
     
114. Pacific Jumping Mouse  ______
     Zapus trinotatus
     
     
115. North American Deermouse  (*) ______  AK  AZ  WA  
     Peromyscus maniculatus
     
     
116. White-footed Deermouse  ______  AZ  NC
     Peromyscus leucopus
     
     
117. Cotton Deermouse  ______  NC
     Peromyscus gossypinus
     
     
118. Oldfield Deermouse  ______
     Peromyscus polionotus
     
     
119. Northwestern Deermouse  (*) ______  AK  WA
     Peromyscus keeni 
     
     
120. California Deermouse  ______  CA
     Peromyscus californicus
     
     
121. Canyon Deermouse  ______  AZ(Grand Canyon)
     Peromyscus crinitus
     
     
122. Cactus Deermouse  ______  AZ
     Peromyscus eremicus
     
     
123. Merriam's Deermouse  ______  AZ
     Peromyscus merriami
     
     
124. Pinon Deermouse  ______  AZ
     Peromyscus truei
     
     
125. Northern Rock Deermouse  ______  AZ
     Peromyscus nasutus
     
     
126. Saxicolous Deermouse  ______
     Peromyscus gratus
     
     
127. Texas Deermouse  ______
     Peromyscus attwateri
     
     
128. Brush Deermouse  ______  AZ
     Peromyscus boylii
     
     
129. White-ankled Deermouse  ______  TX
     Peromyscus pectoralis
     
     
130. Florida Deermouse  ______  FL
     Podomys floridanus
     
     
131. Golden Mouse  ______  FL
     Ochrotomys nuttalli
     
     
132. Chihuahan Pocket Mouse  (*)  ______ TX
     Chaetodipus eremicus
     
     
133. Olive-backed Pocket Mouse  (*) ______ CO
     Perognathus fasciatus
     
     
134. White-eared Pocket Mouse  ______  CA  (endemic to California)
     Perognathus alticolus
     
     
135. San Joaquin Pocket Mouse  ______  CA  (endemic to California)
     Perognathus inornatus
     
     
136. Arizona Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ
     Perognathus amplus
     
     
137. Little Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ  CA
     Perognathus longimembris
     
     
138. Olive-backed Pocket Mouse  ______CO
     Perognathus fasciatus  
     
     
139. Plains Pocket Mouse  (*) ______  CO  KS  TX
     Perognathus flavescens
     
     
140. Merrriam's Pocket Mouse  ______  TX
     Perognathus merriami
     
     
141. Silky Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ  CO  TX
     Perognathus fluvus
     
     
142. Great Basin Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ(Grand Canyon)
     Perognathus parvus
     
     
143. California Pocket Mouse  ______  CA  (endemic to California)
     Chaetodipus californicus
     
     
144. San Diego Pocket Mouse  ______  CA
     Chaetodipus fallax
     
     
145. Spiny Pocket Mouse  ______  CA
     Chaetodipus spinatus
     
     
146. Nelson's Pocket Mouse  ______  TX
     Chaetodipus nelsoni 
     
     
147. Rock Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ  TX
     Chaetodipus intermedius
     
     
148. Desert Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ  CA
     Chaetodipus penicillatus
     
     
149. Bailey's Pocket Mouse  (*)  ______  CA  AZ
     Chaetodipus baileyi
     
     
150. Long-tailed Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ(Grand Canyon)
     Chaetodipus formosus
     
     
151. Hispid Pocket Mouse  ______  AZ  CO  NE  TX
     Chaetodipus hispidus
     
     
152. Chihuahan Pocket Mouse  ______  TX
     Chaetodipus eremicus
     
     
153. Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse  ______  TX
     Liomys irroratus 
     
     
154. Northern Grasshopper Mouse  ______  AZ  CO  TX
     Onychomys leucogaster
     
     
155. Southern Grasshopper Mouse  ______  AZ  TX
     Onychomys torridus
     
     
156. Chihuahuan Grasshopper Mouse  ______  TX
     Onychomys arenicola  
     
     
157. Northern Pygmy Mouse  ______  AZ  TX
     Baiomys taylori
     
     
158. Fulvous Harvest Mouse  ______  AZ  TX
     Reithrodontomys fulvescens
     
     
159. Eastern Harvest Mouse  ______  NC  TX
     Reithrodontomys humulis
     
     
160. Plains Harvest Mouse  (*) ______  AZ  CO  KS  NE
     Reithrodontomys montanus
     
     
161. Western Harvest Mouse  ______  AZ  CA  WA
     Reithrodontomys megalotis
     
     
162. Saltmarsh Harvest Mouse  (t2)  ______  CA  (endemic to California)
     Reithrodontomys raviventris
     
     
163. Eastern Woodrat  ______  TX
     Neotoma floridana
     
     
164. Allegheny Woodrat  ______
     Neotoma magister
     
     
165. Bushy-tailed Woodrat  ______  AK  AZ
     Neotoma cinerea
     
     
166. Mexican Woodrat  ______  AZ  TX
     Neotoma mexicana
     
     
167. Arizona Woodrat  ______  AZ
     Neotoma devia
     
     
168. White-throated Woodrat  (*)  ______ AZ  TX
     Neotoma albigula
     
     
169. Stephen's Woodrat  ______  AZ
     Neotoma stephensi
     
     
170. Southern Plains Woodrat  ______  TX
     Neotoma micropus
     
     
171. Desert Woodrat  ______  AZ  CA
     Neotoma lepida
     
     
172. Dusky-footed Woodrat  ______  CA
     Neotoma fuscipes
     
     
     Rice Rats in the genus ORYZOMYS (below), are nocturnal, mostly aquatic rats that are diverse in the Neotropics where there are than 35 species. 
     
     
173. Marsh Rice Rat  ______  NC  TX
     Oryzomys palustris
     
     
174. Silver Rice Rat  ______  FL
     Oryzomys argentatus
     
     
175. Coues'  Rice Rat  ______  TX(far-south)
     Oryzomys couesi
     
     
176. Hispid Cotton Rat  (*)  ______  AZ  NC  TX
     Sigmodon hispidus
     
     
177. Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat  ______  AZ
     Sigmodon ochrognathus
     
     
178. Arizona Cotton Rat  ______  AZ
     Sigmodon arizonae
     
     
179. Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat  ______  AZ
     Sigmodon fulviventer
     
     
180. Red Tree Vole  ______
     Arborimus longicaudus
     
     
181. Sonoma Tree Vole  ______  CA
     Arborimus poma
     
     
182. White-footed Vole  ______
     Arborimus albipes
     
     
183. Northern Red-backed Vole  ______  AK
     Clethrionomys rutilus
     
     
184. Southern Red-backed Vole  ______  AK
     Clethrionomys gapperi
     
     
185. Western Red-backed Vole  ______
     Clethrionomys californicus
     
     
186. Meadow Vole  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  DE
     Microtus pennsylvanicus
     
     The Meadow Vole can be abundant in grassy, upland fields. It also occurs among the grasses of a salt marsh.
     It is a good swimmer.
     It feeds on grasses, sedges, seeds, and grain. The animal if fed upon by various raptors, among them the Northern Harrier.    
     
     
     
     Meadow Vole
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
187. Woodland Vole  ______
     Microtus pinetorum
     
     
188. Rock Vole  ______
     Microtus chrotorrhinus 
     
     
189. Singing Vole  (*)  ______  AK
     Microtus (formerly Stenocranius) miurus
     
     Microtus miurus has been called the Alaska Vole.
     
     
190. Insular Vole  ______  AK
     Microtus abbreviatus
     
     Microtus abbreviatus is also called the St. Matthew Island Vole.
     
     
191. Tiaga Vole  (*)  ______ AK
     Microtus (formerly Aulacomys) xanthognathus
     
     Microtus xanthognathus has been called the Yellow-cheeked Vole.
     
     
192. Tundra Vole  ______  AK
     Microtus occonomus
     
     
193. Long-tailed Vole  ______  AK  AZ  WA
     Microtus longicaudus
     
     
194. Montane Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus montanus
     
     
195. Townsend's Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus townsendii
     
     
196. Creeping Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus oregoni
     
     
197. Montane Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus montanus
     
     
198. Water Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus richardsoni
     
     
199. Sagebrush Vole  ______  WA
     Microtus curtatus
     
     
200. California Vole  ______  CA
     Microtus californicus
     
     
201. Gray-tailed Vole  ______
     Microtus canicaudus
     
     
202. Mogollon Vole  ______  AZ
     Microtus mogollonensis
     
     
203. Prairie Vole  ______
     Microtus ochrogaster
     
     
204. Beach Vole  ______
     Microtus breweri
     
     
205. Eastern Heather Vole  ______
     Phenacomys ungava
     
     
206. Western Heather Vole  ______  AK
     Phenacomys intermedius
     
     The first Western Heather Vole specimen in Alaska was identified in 1999.    
     
     
207. Northern Bog Lemming  ______  AK
     Synaptomys borealis
     
     
208. Southern Bog Lemming  ______
     Synaptomys cooperi
     
     
209. North American Brown Lemming  ______  AK
     Lemmus trimucronatus
     
     
210. Northern Collared Lemming  ______  AK
     Dicrostonyx groenlandicus  
     
     
211. Ungava Collared Lemming  ______
     Dicrostonyx hudsonicus
     
     
212. Richardson's Collared Lemming  ______
     Dicrostonyx richardsoni  
     
     
213. House Mouse  (i)  ______  AK  AZ
     Mus musculus
     
     
214. House Rat  (i)  ______  TX
     Rattus rattus
     
     
215. Brown Rat  (i)  ______  AK  TX
     Rattus norvegicus
     
     Rattus norvegicus is also called the Norway Rat. It is introduced worldwide with human settlements, originally from southeast Siberia & northern China. 
     
     
     NEW WORLD PORCUPINES (Family Erethizontidae)
     
     
216. North American Porcupine  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  AZ  CO  TX  WA  
     Erethizon dorsatum
     
     
     
     North American Porcupine
     (photo by Doris Potter) 
     
     
     CARNIVORES  (Order Carnivora)
     Families include:
     Canines: Dogs & Foxes (Canidae)
     Felines: Cats (Felidae) 
     Bears: (Ursidae)
     Procyonids: Raccoons & allies (Procyonidae)
     Mustelids: Weasels, Skunks & allies (Mustelidae)
     
     
     CANINES:
     
     
217. Coyote  (ph) (*) ______  AK  AZ  CA  CO  KS  NE  TX  WA   (See notes below under the Eastern Wolf)
     Canis latrans
     
     
     
     Above: A Coyote 
     Below: An applicable comment regarding the widespread & adaptable Coyote.
     (upper photo by Marie Gardner; lower photo by Doris Potter)  
     
     
     
     
218. Gray Wolf  ______  AK
     Canis lupus
     
     
219. Red Wolf  (t1)  (*) ______ NC(i)  
     Canis rufus  
     
     Some contend the Red Wolf to be a "historical hybrid" between the Gray Wolf, Canis lupus, and the Coyote, Canis latrans. 
     The "Red Wolf" was introduced into eastern North Carolina from the Southwest US. 
     
     
220. Eastern  Wolf  ______
     Canis lycaon
     
     The Eastern Wolf is said to be a distinct species, although it has also been said to be a subspecies of the Gray Wolf or the Red Wolf. Science has shown that it is closely related to them, but that is not the same species as either of them.
     
     The Eastern Wolf is a small to medium sized wolf with a light brown or reddish coat. They also have some longer hairs in their coat that are usually black. As Eastern Wolves gets older, they develop more of those long black hairs. 
     
     Eastern Wolves are often mistaken for Coyotes due to their coloring and build.
     
     Well known are the Eastern Wolves in the area of the Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada. They have a large home range. It is believed that packs of Eastern Wolves follow the movements of White-tailed Deer, as a way to have plenty to eat, especially in the winter months.
     
     Eastern Wolves are said to be very dependent upon the social aspects of their pack. They are quite loyal to each other and will do all they can to keep other packs of wolves out of their territory. That is why they are often heard howling, so as to publicize and protect their territories.  
     
     Eastern Wolves are most active at night but they can also be seen out during the day.
     
     The Eastern Wolf has a diverse diet. Sometimes animals hunt on their own, but most of the time they hunt with their pack. Some of their prey when they hunt alone include rodents, beaver, and muskrat. Prey when they hunt in their pack includes deer and moose. In some instances, they have even been able to successfully kill a Black Bear.
     
     The alpha and beta animals mate in February, with the young born about two months later.
     
     The Eastern Wolf has been known to mate with different types of Coyotes in their areas. That can definitely affect the overall genetics of the species (see below the results of a recent study). 
     It is interesting behavior because otherwise wolves have often been known to aggressively run off Coyotes, and in the case of the Gray Wolf in the west, even kill them.            
     
     In a recent genetic study, published in May 2011, and adding fuel to a longstanding debate, it was determined that wolves in the eastern United States are hybrids of Gray Wolves and Coyotes, while Coyotes in that region are actually wolf-coyote-dog hybrids. 
     There were 16 researchers involved in the study from around the globe. It was said to be the most detailed genetic study of any wild vertebrate species to date.
     
     The study is not likely to have any impact on the management of the endangered Red Wolf in North Carolina and the Eastern Wolf in Ontario, but it offers some fresh insight into their genetic make-up and concludes that those wolves are hybrids that developed over the last few hundred years.
     
     On the other hand, some scientists have argued that the Red Wolf, Canis rufus, and the Eastern Wolf, Canis lycaon, evolved from an ancient wolf species distinct from the larger Gray Wolf, Canis lupus, of western North America.
     
     The recent study, referred to above, showed a gradient of hybridization in wolves, as follows:
     
     In western North America, wolves were pure wolf.
     In the western Great Lakes region, they averaged 85 percent wolf and 15 percent Coyote.
     Wolves in Algonquin Park in eastern Ontario averaged 58 percent wolf.
     The Red Wolf in North Carolina, which as been the subject of extensive preservation and restoration efforts, was found to be 24 percent wolf and 75 percent coyote.
     
     Coyotes, in the northeastern US, which only colonized in the region in the past 60 years, were found to be 82 percent coyote, 9 percent dog, and 9 percent wolf.
     
     In a study, last year, museum specimens and genetic samples were used to show that Coyotes migrating eastward bred with wolves to evolve into a larger form that has become the top predator in the Northeast US, filling a niche left when native eastern wolves were hunted out of existence. This hybridization allowed Coyotes to evolve from the smaller mouse-eater of western grasslands to a larger deer-hunter in eastern forest.
     
     Still a question is how it is that Gray Wolves don't typically breed with Coyotes, but kill them. In the West, wolves don't hybridize with Coyotes, even in the circumstance when single wolves looking for mates have dispersed into the middle of "Coyote country". 
     
     For A TOUR INCLUDING AN AREA WITH WOLVES  in conjunction with the Timber Wolf Alliance 
     
     
     
     Eastern Wolf
     
     
221. Gray Fox  (*) ______  AZ  CA  CO  TX  WA  
     Urocyon cinereoargenteus  (would be monotypic were it not for the Island Gray Fox of the Channel Is. of California, Urocyon littoralis) 
     
     
222. Island Gray Fox  ______  CA  (restricted to 6 Channel Islands off the California coast; half to two-thirds the size of the Gray Fox)
     Urocyon littoralis
     
     
223. Red Fox  (ph) (*) _____  AK  AZ  CA  CO  NE  WA  
     Vulpes vulpes fulva  (the North American animal considered now to be conspecific with the Old World Red Fox, Vulpes v. vulpes)
     
     
     
     Red Fox
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
224. Swift Fox  (*) ______  CO
     Vulpes velox
     
     
225. Kit Fox  (*) ______  AZ  TX
     Vulpes macrotis
     
     
226. Arctic Fox  (*) ______  AK
     Vulpes (formerly Alopex) lagopus
     
     
     FELINES:
     
     
227. Bobcat  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CA  NC  TX  
     Felis (formerly Lynx) rufa
     
     
     
     A Bobcat photographed during a FONT tour in Arizona in August 2010 
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
228. Canadian Lynx  ______  AK
     Felis (formerly Lynx) canadensis
     
     
229. Puma  (ph)  ______  AK  AZ  
     Felis (formerly Puma) concolor
     
     Other names for the Puma include Mountain Lion and Cougar.
     
     
230. Ocelot  (ph)  ______  AZ(very rare)
     Felis (formerly Leopardus) pardalis
     
     
231. Jaguarundi  ______  AZ(rare)
     Felis (formerly Herpailurus) yagouaroundi
     
     
232. Jaguar  (nt) (ph)  ______  AZ(very rare)
     Panthera (formerly Jaguarius) onca 
     
     Jaguars, during recent years, have occurred in southern Arizona. None were recorded there from 1938 until 1987, when one was killed in the Dos Cabezas Mountains. Another was photographed in the Peloncillo Mountains in 1996.
     
     
     
     A Painting of a Jaguar by a person in southern Arizona, Bonnie Swarbrick
     
     
     
     BEARS:
     
     
233. American Black Bear  (*)  ______  AK  AZ  NC
     Urus (formerly Euarctos) americanus
     (Up to 18 subspecies are recognized.)
     
     Not all "Black Bears" are black. Some coastal populations of British Columbia and Alaska are creamy white, the "Kermode Bear". Others are bluish gray, the "Glacier Bear". Another population in the Northwest US is light reddish-brown, the "Cinnamon Bear". Most in the eastern US are black.   
     
     
     
     American Black Bear
     (photo by Peter Burke)
     
     
234. Brown Bear  (*) ______  AK  (also called Grizzly Bear)
     Ursus arctos  (has also been Ursus horribilis)
     
     The larger "Big Brown (or Kodiak) Bear" of Alaska & northwest Canada has been considered a distinct species, U. middendorffi, but generally it is now considered conspecific with U. arctos.
     
     The Brown Bear of North America, Europe, and Asia is now by most considered as a single species. 
     
      
     
     A Grizzly Bear in Alaska
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
235. Polar Bear  (t3)  ______  AK
     Thalarctos maritimus  (the single member of its genus)   
     
     
     PROCYONIDS:
     
     
236. Northern Raccoon  (ph) (*) ______  AK(i)  AZ  CO  DE  FL  NC  NE  TX  VA  WA  
     Procyon lotor
     
     
     
     Northern Raccoon
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
237. Ringtail  (*) ______  AZ  TX
     Bassariscus astutus
     
     
238. White-nosed Coati  (ph) (*) ______  AZ
     Nasua narica
     
     
     
     White-nosed Coati
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     AQUATIC MUSTELIDS 
     
     
239. American Mink  (ph) (*) ______  AK  DE  NC
     Mustela vison
     
     There formerly was a "Sea Mink", larger and redder, Mustela v. macrodon, along the North Atlantic coast. It was trapped to extinction by the 1860's. Some say it was a full species.
     
     Other species in the Mustela genus follow in "Other Mustelids". 
     
     
     
     American Mink
     (photo by Howard Eskin)  
     
     
240. Northern River Otter  (*) ______  AK  AZ  CA  NC  WA  
     Lutra (formerly Lontra) canadensis
     
     The Northern River Otter is up to 5 feet in length; up to 22 pounds in weight. 
     
     
241. Sea Otter  (t2) (ph) (*) ______  AK  CA  
     Enhydra lutris  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     Sea Otters
     
     
     OTHER MUSTELIDS:
     
     
242. American Badger  (ph) (*) ______  AZ  CO
     Taxidea taxus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     An American Badger photographed during a FONT Colorado tour
     
     
243. Eastern Spotted Skunk  ______
     Spilogale putorius
     
     
244. Western Spotted Skunk  (*) ______  AZ  CO
     Spilogale gracilis
     
     
245. Hooded Skunk  (*) ______  AZ
     Mephitis macroura
     
     
246. Striped Skunk  (ph)  (*) ______  AZ  CO  NE  TX
     Mephitis mephitis
     
     
     
     Striped Skunk
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
247. Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk  ______
     Conepatus leuconotus
     
     
248. Western Hog-nosed Skunk  ______  AZ
     Conepatus mesoleucus
     
     
249. American Marten  ______  AK
     Martes americana
     
     
250. Fisher  ______
     Martes pennanti
     
     
251. Ermine  ______  AK  AZ
     Mustela erminea
     
     Other names for Mustela erminea are Short-tailed Weasel and Stout. 
     
     
252. Long-tailed Weasel  ______  AZ
     Mustela frenata
     
     
253. Least Weasel  ______  AK
     Mustela nivalis 
     
     
254. Black-footed Ferret  (t1) ______  AZ(formerly)
     Mustela nigripes
     
     
255. Wolverine  ______  AK  CO
     Gulo gulo  (the single member of its genus)  
     
     A lone Wolverine that arrived in Colorado in early June 2011 was the first confirmed in Colorado since 1919.
     
     Late the previous year, in December of 2010, and further north, biologists outfitted with a tracking collar a young Wolverine, as part of a reintroduction program. 
     That animal made a 500-mile journey from where it had been caught in the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. 
     It was tracked as it crossed rugged terrain and some busy highways in Wyoming, from the Togwotee Pass to the Wind River Range and across sagebrush areas. The lone animal traveled until it crossed into Colorado on June 1. 
     
     The Wolverine reintroduction program, referred to here, began in 2001.   
     
     Most Wolverines live in Alaska and Canada. But formerly the animal did range in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, California, and Washington State.
     
     The Wolverine is one of the most elusive of mammals, a mysterious creature. It is known as being fearless and aggressive. It is strong, tenacious, sharp-toothed, and cunning. 
     Although adult Wolverines typically weigh about 30 pounds, they are stocky and "bear-like", and they prey on animals larger than they are. Even though the Wolverine is not a big animal, it is the largest land-dwelling member of the weasel family.
     
     Wolverines have evolved to require huge territories for roaming. A male's territory might be as much as 500 square miles, and he might share that landscape with 2 or 3 females that breed every other year, and usually produce a litter of two. Thus the species has a slow reproduction rate.
     
     Although a good survivor in nature, the Wolverine could not survive the trappers who prized its almost waterproof fur, and the ranchers who killed it with poison bait. So the animal pretty much vanished from the lower 48 states about a century ago. 
     The Wolverine in Colorado in 2011 was the first known to be in the state in 90 years. And, thus far, the only one.
     
     
     SHREWS & MOLES  in the Order Insectivores "insect eaters" - this group, throughout much of the world, includes shrews, moles, hedgehogs, moonrats, and tenrecs.  (Family Soricidae) 
     
     
256. Cinereous Shrew ______  AK
     Sorex cinereus
     
     
257. Southeastern Shrew  (ph)  ______  DE  
     Sorex longirostris
     
     Sorex longirostris has been conspecific with the Cinereous Shrew, Sorex cinereus, and when so it was known as the Masked Shrew.
     
     The Southeastern Shrew inhabits a variety of land habitats, but it is less common in upland tracts. It is subterranean, and seldom seen alive.
     It hunts for insects and other small animals day or night, and eats more than its own body weight each day. 
     
     
     
     Not alive was this Sorex longirostris found in coastal Delaware, photographed in 1998. With it, is a US cent.
     (photo by Alan Brady)  
     
     
258. American Pygmy Shrew  ______  AK
     Nicrosorex (formerly Sorex) hoyi
     
     The American Pygmy Shrew is the smallest mammal in North America.
     
     
259. Alaska Tiny Shrew  ______  AK  (endemic to Alaska)
     Sorex yukonicus 
     
     The Alaska Tiny Shrew was described in 1997.
     
     
260. American Long-tailed Shrew  ______
     Sorex dispar
     
     
261. Smoky Shrew  ______
     Sorex fumeus
     
     
262. Gaspe Shrew  ______  (rocky areas of Gaspe Peninsula in Quebec & Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia)
     Sorex gaspensis
     
     
263. American Water Shrew ______  AK
     Sorex palustris
     
     
264. Glacier Bay Water Shrew  ______  AK  (endemic to Alaska)
     Sorex alaskanus
     
     
265. Marsh Shrew  ______
     Sorex bendirii
     
     
266. Arctic Shrew ______
     Sorex arcticus
     
     
267. Maritime Shrew  ______  
     Sorex maritimensis 
     
     The Maritime Shrew was split from the Arctic Shrew in 2002.
     
     
268. Tundra Shrew  ______  AK
     Sorex tundrensis
     
     
269. Prairie Shrew  ______
     Sorex haydeni
     
     
270. American Dwarf Shrew  ______  AZ
     Sorex nauus
     
     
271. Merriam's Shrew  ______  AZ
     Sorex merriami
     
     
272. Arizona Shrew  ______  AZ
     Sorex arizonae
     
     
273. Preble's Shrew  ______
     Sorex preblei
     
     
274. Mount Lyell Shrew  ______
     Sorex lyelli
     
     
275. Inyo Shrew  ______
     Sorex tenellus
     
     
276. Ornate Shrew  ______
     Sorex ornatus
     
     
277. Baird's Shrew  ______
     Sorex bairdii
     
     
278. Fog Shrew  ______
     Sorex sonomae
     
     
279. Vagrant Shrew  ______  AZ
     Sorex vagrans
     
     
280. Pacific Shrew  ______
     Sorex pacificus
     
     
281. Trowbridge's Shrew  ______
     Sorex trowbridgii
     
     
282. Montane (formerly Dusky) Shrew  (*)  ______  AK  WA  
     Sorex monticolus 
     
     
283. Barren Ground Shrew  ______  AK
     Sorex ugyunak
     
     
284. Pribilof Island Shrew  (t2) (*)  ______ AK  (endemic to the Pribilof Islands)
     Sorex pribilofensis  (name changed in 1997 from Sorex hydrodromus)
     
     
285. Least Shrew  ______  DE
     Cryptotis parva
     
     The Least Shrew is found in open, grassy areas and marshes. It is distinguished from other shrews by its cinnamon color and short tail. It eats insects and other small animals.   
     
     
286. Northern Short-tailed Shrew  ______  DE
     Blarina brevicauda 
     
     The Northern Short-tailed Shrew is most abundant in damp woods with thick leaf mold. It feeds on insects, worms, snails, and other invertebrates. Its salvia is poisonous. It has no external ears.   
     
     
287. Southern Short-tailed Shrew  ______
     Blarina carolinensis
     
     
288. Eliot's Short-tailed Shrew  ______
     Blarina hylophaga
     
     
289. Desert Shrew  ______
     Notiosorex crawfordi
     
     
290. Cockrum's Desert Shrew  ______
     Notiosorex cockrumi
     
     
291. American Shrew Mole  ______
     Neurotrichus gibbsii  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
292. Townsend's Mole  ______
     Scapanus townsendii
     
     
293. Broad-footed Mole  ______
     Scapanus latimanus
     
     
294. Coast Mole  ______
     Scapanus orarius
     
     
295. Eastern Mole  ______  DE
     Scalopus aquaticus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Eastern Mole inhabits moist, upland soils where it tunnels its way under the surface. It is active day or night in burrows where it eats worms, insects, and some vegetable matter. It has a naked tail, no external ears, and eyes covered with thin skin. 
     
     
296. Hairy-tailed Mole  ______
     Parascalops breweri  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
297. Star-nosed Mole  ______  DE
     Condylura cristata  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Condylura cristata is the only North American mammal with a nose surrounded by finger-like, fleshy projections giving the appearance of a star.
     The Star-nosed Mole prefers low, wet ground where it burrows for insects, many of them aquatic. It often appears above ground. 
     
     
     BATS  (Order Chiroptera - with about 950 species worldwide, the diversity of bats is second only to that of rodents)
     
     
     White-nose Syndrome has recently been a deadly disease in North America bats, especially the Little Brown Myotis. The disease has been spreading rapidly since its discovery in 2006 in New York State.
     Thus far, bat declines in the northeastern US have exceeded 80 per cent.
     
     Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and partner institutions have identified the cause of White-nose Syndrome as a fungus appropriately known as Geomyces destructans.
     The research has further demonstrated that the fungus can be spread through contact between individual bats during hibernation.
     
     
     LEAF-CHINNED BAT  (Family MORMOOPIDAE)  (8 species in the New World)
     
     
298. (Peter's) Ghost-faced Bat ______
     Mormoops megalophylla
     
     
     AMERICAN LEAF-NOSED BATS  (Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE)  (155 species in the New World)
     
     
299. California Leaf-nosed Bat  ______  AZ
     Macrotus californicus 
     
     
300. North American Long-nosed Bat  (ph) (*)  ______ AZ 
     Leptonycteris yerbabuenae  (formerly conspecific with what's now the Mexican Long-nosed Bat, L. nivalis)
     
     The population of the North American Long-nosed Bat in Arizona was formerly considered by some a distinct species, the Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat, L. sanborni. 
     
     
     
     A North American Long-nosed Bat at a hummingbird feeder after dark
     
     
301. Mexican Long-nosed Bat  (t2)  ______  AZ  (summer migrant from Mexico into Texas) 
     Leptonycteris nivalis
     
     
302. Mexican Long-tongued Bat  (ph) (*)  ______ AZ  
     Choeronycteris mexicana  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     A Mexican Long-tongued Bat at a hummingbird feeder after dark
     
     
303. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat  ______
     Diphylla ecaudata
     
     
     FREE-TAILED BATS  (Family MOLOSSIDAE)  (94 species worldwide)
     
     
304. Mexican (or Brazilian) Free-tailed Bat  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  NM  TX
     Tadarida brasiliensis
     
     There are many Mexican Free-tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. 
     
     
     
     ABOVE & BELOW: Mexican Free-tailed Bats
     
     
     
     
305. Big Free-tailed Bat  (*)  ______  AZ  NM
     Nyctinomops macrotis
     
     
306. Pocketed Free-tailed Bat  ______  AZ
     Nyctinomops femorosaccus
     
     
307. Greater Bonneted Bat  ______  AZ
     Eumops perotis
     
     Eumops perotis is also called the Western Mastiff Bat.
     
     
308. Underwood's Bonneted Bat  ______  AZ
     Eumops underwoodi 
     
     In the US, the Underwood's Bonneted Bat is known only in extreme southern Arizona, where it can be found drinking at desert pools.  
     
     
309. Wagner's Bonneted Bat  ______
     Eumops glaucinus
     
     
310. Pallas's Mastiff Bat  ______
     Molossus molossus
     
     
     VESPER BATS  (Family VESPERTILIONIDAE)  (364 species worldwide)
     
     
311. Silver-haired Bat  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  AZ  NJ (p)  
     Lasionycteris noctivagans  (the single member of its genus)
     
     A Silver-haired Bat came onboard a FONT pelagic trip, 70 miles offshore from New Jersey, September 12, 2004.It is in the photo below. 
     
     
     
     Silver-haired Bat
     
     
312. Eastern Red Bat  (ph) (*) ______ NJ (p)
     Lasiurus borealis 
     
     The Eastern Red Bat and the Western Red Bat (below) have recently been "split".  
     
     
     
     An Eastern Red Bat in a tree, during the day
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
313. Western Red Bat  ______  AZ
     Lasiurus blossevillii
     
     
314. Seminole Bat  (*) ______ NC
     Lasiurus seminolus
     
     
315. Northern Yellow Bat  ______
     Lasiurus intermedius
     
     
316. Southern Yellow Bat  ______
     Lasiurus egaq
     
     
317. Western Yellow Bat  ______  AZ  (was part of the Southern Yellow Bat)
     Lasiurus xanthinus
     
     
318. Hoary Bat  ______  AZ
     Lasiurus cinereus
     
     
319. Spotted Bat  ______  AZ
     Euderma maculatum
     
     
320. Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat  ______
     Corynorhinus rafinesquii
     
     
321. Townsend's Big-eared Bat  ______  AZ
     Corynorhinus townsendii
     
     
322. Allen's (or Mexican) Big-eared Bat  ______  AZ
     Idionycteris phyllotis
     
     
323. Pallid Bat  ______  AZ
     Antrozous pallidus
     
     
324. Southwestern Myotis  ______  AZ
     Myotis auriculus
     
     
325. Fringed Myotis  ______  AZ
     Myotis thysanodes
     
     
326. Long-eared Myotis  ______
     Myotis evotis
     
     
327. Keen's Myotis  ______
     Myotis keenii
     
     
328. Northern Myotis  ______
     Myotis septentrionalis     
     
     
329. California Myotis  (*) ______  AZ  CA  
     Myotis californicus
     
     
330. Western Small-footed Myotis  ______  AZ
     Myotis ciliolabrum
     
     
331. Eastern Small-footed Myotis  ______
     Myotis leibii
     
     
332. Long-legged Myotis  ______
     Myotis volans
     
     
333. Cave Myotis  ______  AZ
     Myotis velifer
     
     
334. Yuma Myotis  (*) ______  AZ  TX
     Myotis (formerly Leuconoe) yumanensis
     
     
335. Little Brown Myotis  (*) ______  AK  AZ  CO  NC
     Myotis (formerly Leuconoe) lucifugus  
     
     
336. Gray Myotis  ______
     Myotis grisescens
     
     
337. Southeastern Myotis  ______
     Myotis austroriparius
     
     
338. Indiana Myotis  ______
     Myotis sodalis
     
     
339. Big Brown Bat  (ph) (*) ______  AZ  CA  WA
     Eptesicus fuscus
     
     
     
     A Big Brown Bat photographed in Delaware in January 2013
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
340. Evening Bat  ______
     Nycticeius humeralis
     
     
341. Eastern Pipistrelle  (*) ______ NC
     Pipistrellus  (formerly Perimyotis) subflavus
     
     
342. Western Pipistrelle  (*) ______  AZ  TX
     Pipistrellus  (formerly Hypsugo) hesperus 
     
     
     
     MARINE MAMMALS I - SEALS & SEA LIONS  (Order Pinnidedia, "fin-footed")
     
     
     EARED SEALS, including SEA LIONS & FUR SEALS  (Family Otariidae)
     
     
343. California Sea Lion  (ph) (*) ______  CA  
     Zalophus californiannus  (the single member of its genus)  
     
     The Galapagos Sea Lion is a race of Zalophus californiannus. There is another rare subspecies in Japan. 
     
     Male California Sea Lions are about 6.5 feet in length, and weigh up to almost 600 pounds; females about 5.9 feet in length, and weighing up to 198 pounds.  
     
     
     
     California Sea Lion
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
344. Northern Sea Lion  (nt) (*) ______  AK  WA 
     Eumetopias jubatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Eumetopias jubatus has also been called the Steller's Sea Lion.
     
     Male Northern, or Steller's. Sea Lions are nearly 10 feet long, and can weigh up to 2,200 pounds; females up 6.6 feet in length, and weighing up to 660 pounds.
     The smallest adult Steller's Sea Lion is larger than the largest California Sea Lion.
     
     
345. Northern Fur Seal  (t3)  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA  WA 
     Callorbinnus ursinus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     A Northern Fur Seal, photographed during a FONT Tour in Alaska
     
     
     HAIR, including PHOCID, SEALS  (Family Phocidae) 
     
     
346. Harbor Seal  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA  DE  WA  VA  
     Phoca vitulina
     
     The Harbor Seal ranges from 3.9 to 5.9 feet in length, weighs from 99 to 230 pounds. 
     
     
     
     Harbor Seals
     (above photo by James Scheib, during a FONT tour;
      photo below by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     
     
347. Ringed Seal  (*) ______  AK
     Pusa (formerly Phoca) hispida 
     
     
348. Ribbon Seal  (t3)  ______  AK
     Histnophoca (formerly Phoca) fasciata  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
349. Spotted Seal  ______  AK
     Phoca largha
     
     
350. Harp Seal  ______
     Phoca groenlandica
     
     
351. Hooded Seal  ______
     Cystophora cristata
     
     
352. Gray Seal  ______
     Halichoerus grypus
     
     
353. Bearded Seal  (*)  ______  AK
     Erignathus barbatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
354. Northern Elephant Seal  (*)  ______  AK  CA  
     Mirounga angustirostris
     
     Male Northern Elephant Seals can be over 16 feet in length, and weigh up to 4,400 pounds; females weigh up to 1,760 pounds. 
     
     
     WALRUS  (Family Odobenidae)
     
     
355. Walrus  (nt) (ph) (*) ______  AK
     Odobenus rosmarus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     
     Two Walrus, photographed in Alaska
     (photo by Paul West)
     
     
     
     EVEN-TOED UNGULATES (Order Artiodactyla)
     (This order worldwide is diverse, including: pigs, hippopotamuses, camels, deer, antelope, and cattle.)
     
     SHEEP, GOATS, BISON, & MUSKOX  (Family Bovidae)
     
     
356. Bighorn Sheep  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CO  WA
     Ovis canadensis
     (the "Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep" in Colorado, O. c. canadensis)
     (the "Desert Bighorn Sheep" in Washington State)
     
     
     
     A Bighorn Sheep, Ovis canadensis, in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado.
     (photo by Rick Greenspun, during a FONT tour in Colorado)
     
     
357. Dall's Sheep  (*)  ______  AK
     Orvis dalli
     
     
     
     Above & below: Dall's, or White Sheep photographed in Alaska
     in the area of the Denali National Park in June 2013
     (photos by Mark Felber) 
     
     
     
     
     
358. Mountain Goat  (*)  ______  AK
     Ocramnos americanus  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     
359. (Plains) American Bison (or Buffalo) (ph) (*) ______  AK(i)  CO  (today domesticated)
     Bison b. bison
     
     Another subspecies, Bison bison athabascae, is called the "Wood Bison". 
     
     
     
     An old photograph of American Bison when they still roamed freely in the western US
     
     
     
360. Muskox  (*)  ______  AK 
     Ovibus moschatus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Muskox was nearly extinct at the end of the 19th Century. It is now re-established in parts of Alaska. 
     
     
     PRONGHORN ANTELOPE (Family Antilocapridae)
     
     There is only one living species in this exclusively American family. 
     
     
361. Pronghorn  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CO  KS  NE  OK  TX  WY
     Antilocapra americana  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Pronghorn is the fastest North American mammal. It has been clocked at 60 mph.
     
     
     
     Pronghorn
     
     
     NEW WORLD PIGS OR PECCARIES - 2 species, 1 of which north of Mexico  (Family Tayassuidae)
     
     The Old World Swine (Boars, introduced various places in North America) are in the Family Suidae. 
     
     
362. Collared Peccary  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  TX  
     Dicotyles (formerly Pecari) tajacu  (was at one time Pecari angulatus)
     
     Another name for the Collared Peccary is Javelina.
     
     
     
     Collared Peccaries
     
     
     DEER (Family Cervidae)  Hoofed animals with antlers shed each year
     
     
363. "American" Elk  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CO  WA  WY  
     Cervus elaphus canadensis   
     
     Another name for Cervus elaphus canadensis has been the Wapiti.
     
     Another, slightly smaller, subspecies of Cervus elaphus in Europe is called there the Red Deer. 
     
     
     
     Above & below: Elk (or Wapiti)
     Above: a male;  below: a female with a Magpie   
     (top photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
     
     
     
364. "Tule" Elk  (*)  ______  CA
     Cervus elaphus nannodes  (a subspecies of the Elk in California)  
     
     
365. Moose  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CO  
     Alces alces  (the single member of its genus)
     
     What is called the Moose in North America is called the Elk in Europe.  
     
     The subspecies of the Moose, Alces alces gigas is the largest, with males weighing up to 1,600 pounds and females up to 1,300 pounds.
     
     
     
     Moose, photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
366. Mule Deer  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CA  CO  KS  NE  NM  OK  TX  WA  WY  
     Odocoileus hemionus
     
     A subspecies, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, is called the Black-tailed Deer. 
     
     
     
     Mule Deer
     
     
367. White-tailed Deer  (ph) (*)  ______  AZ  CO  DE  FL  KS  NC  NE  TX  WA
     Odocoileus virginianus
     (including "Columbian White-tailed Deer" in the Pacific Northwest)
     (including "Coue's White-tailed Deer" in Arizona)
     (including "Sierra del Carmen White-tailed Deer" in the Chisos Mtns of west Texas)
     (including "Key White-tailed Deer" in the Florida Keys)
     (This mammal occurs in all 48 states of the lower mainland US.)
     
     
     
     White-tailed Deer
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
368. (Common) Fallow Deer (i) (ph) (*)  ______ CA  (feral at Point Reyes, CA; originally in the Mediterranean region of the Old World)  
     Dama dama   
     
     
     
     Fallow Deer
     (photo by James Scheib)
      
     
369. (Barren Ground) Caribou  (*)  ______ AK
     Rangifer tarandus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
370. "Reindeer" (i) (ph) (*)  ______ AK
     (either from domesticated stock or from European Caribou) 
     Rangifer tarandus
     
     
     SIRENIANS  (Order Sirenia)
     
     
     MANATEES  (Family Trichechidae)  
     
     There are 3 species of manatees in the world. 
     
     
371. West Indian Manatee  (ph) (*)  ______ FL  (has also been called "Sea Cow")
     Trichechus manatus 
      
     
     MARINE MAMMALS II - PORPOISES, DOLPHINS, & WHALES  (Order Cetacea)
     
     TOOTHED WHALES (Suborder Odontoceti) include: Dolphins & Porpoises, the Beaked Whales, Sperm Whales, the Beluga and Narwhal. 
     
     OCEAN DOLPHINS  (Family Delphinidae)
     
      
372. Short-beaked Common Dolphin  (ph) (*)  ______  CA  DE  NJ (p)  (also called "Saddleback Dolphin")  
     Delphinus delphis
     
     
     
     Short-beaked Common Dolphin, during a FONT tour
     (photo by Andy Smith)
      
     
373. Common Bottle-nosed Dolphin  (ph) 
     inshore population  (*)  ______  DE  NC
     offshore population  (*)  ______ DE  NJ (p)
     Tursiops truncatus
     (in the Atlantic, called "Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin")
     
     
     
     An offshore Common Bottle-nosed Dolphin during a FONT pelagic trip
     off the East Coast of North America  
     
     
374. Atlantic Spotted Dolphin  (*)  ______ NC (p)
     Stenella frontalis
     
     
375. Clymene (or Short-snouted Spinner) Dolphin  (ph) (*)  ______ NC (p)
     Stenella clymene
     
     
     
     Clymene Dolphins (or Short-snouted Spinner Dolphins) jumping out of the water,
     during a FONT pelagic trip in the Gulf Stream off the coast of North Carolina    
     
     
376. Striped Dolphin ______
     Stenella coeruleoalba
     
     
377. Northern Right Whale Dolphin  (*)  ______  CA  WA (p)
     Lissodelphis borealis
     
     
378. Atlantic White-sided Dolphin  (*)  ______  NJ (p)
     Lagenorhynchus acutus
     
     
379. Pacific White-sided Dolphin  (*)  ______  AK CA (p)  
     Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
     
     The Pacific White-sided Dolphin is up to just over 7 feet in length; up to about 200 pounds in weight.  
     
     
380. White-beaked Dolphin  ______
     Lagenorhynchus albirostris 
     
     
381. Risso's Dolphin  (ph) (*)  ______ CA  DE  NC  NJ (p)  (also called Gray Grampus) 
     Grampus griseus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Risso's Dolphin is up to nearly 12 feet in length; up to 900 pounds in weight.
     
     
     
     Risso's Dolphins photographed during a FONT pelagic trip
     
     
382. Orca  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA  WA (p)  (has also been called Killer Whale or "Sea Wolf")
     Orcinus orca  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Male Orcas are up to 30 feet in length, females up to 27 feet; males weigh up to 5 tons, females up to 3 tons. The male's dorsal fin can be 6 feet high; that of the female about 2 feet in height. 
     The Orca is one of the fastest swimming whales, with a maximum recorded speed of 30 knots maintained for 20 minutes. 
     
     
     
     An Orca, or Killer Whale
     This marine mammal has been seen nicely during FONT Pacific Coast Tours
     in Washington State. 
     
     
383. False Killer Whale  (*)  ______ NC (p)
     Pseudorca crassidens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
384. Long-finned Pilot Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  NJ (p)  (has also been called "Blackfish")
     Globicephala melas
     
     
     
     A Long-finned Pilot Whale photographed during a FONT pelagic trip 
     off the East Coast of North America  
     
     
385. Short-finned Pilot Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA  NC (p)  (has also been called "Blackfish")
     Globicephala macrorhynchus
     
     Male Short-finned Pilot Whales are up to over 22 feet in length; females up to over 16 feet long. Males weigh to to 2,640 pounds; females up to 1,760 pounds.
     
     
     PORPOISES  (Family PHOCOENIDAE)  (6 species worldwide)
     
     
386. Harbor Porpoise  (*)  ______  AK
     Phocoena phocoena vomenna  (subspecies in the northeast Pacific)
     
     
387. Dall's Porpoise  (*)  ______  AK  CA  WA (p)
     Phocoenoides dalli  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     The Dall's Porpoise is up to 6.6 feet in length; up to 330 pounds in weight.
     
     
     
     BEAKED WHALES  (Family Ziphiidae)
     
     Pelagic in habitat, most are poorly known
     
     
388. Cuvier's Beaked Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  NC (p)  (has also been called Goosebeak Whale)
     Ziphius cavirostris  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     A Cuvier's Beaked Whale photographed during a FONT pelagic trip,
     showing the beak
     
     
389. Blainville's Beaked Whale  (*)  ______ NC (p)
     Mesoplodon densirostris
     
     
390. True's Beaked Whale  (*)  ______ NC (p)
     Mesoplodon mirus
     
     
391. Baird's Beaked Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  AK CA (p)
     Berardius bairdii
     
     
     
     Baird's Beaked Whale, during a FONT tour off California
     
     
392. Stejneger's Beaked Whale  ______  AK
     Mesoplodon stejnegei
     
     Other names for Mesoplodon stejnegei are Bering Sea Beaked Whale and Saber-tooted Whale. 
      
     
     SPERM WHALES  (Family Physeteridae)
     
     2 smaller species, the Pygmy Sperm Whale and the Dwarf Sperm Whale, are sometimes placed in a different family, Kogiidae; they appear to be distantly related to the Great Sperm Whale.
     
     Both the Great Sperm Whale and the Dwarf Sperm Whale has been seen during FONT pelagic trips in the Caribbean.
     
     
393. Great Sperm Whale  (t3) (ph) (*)  ______  AK  NC (p)  (has also been called Cachalot)
     Physeter catodon
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photos of Great Sperm Whales during FONT North Carolina pelagic trips.
     In the upper photo, note the characteristic angled spout.
     In the lower photo, showing 2 whales, not one with the distinctive log-like appearance.
     This species has also been seen during FONT tours in the Caribbean (off Dominica)
     and off the coast of southern Spain.      
     
     
     SINGLE-TOOTHED WHALES  (Family MONODONTIDAE)  
     
     There are 3 species worldwide.
     
     
394. Beluga  (t3)  ______  AK
     Delphinapterus leucas  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
395. Narwhal  ______
     Monodon monoceros  (the single member of its genus)
      
     
     BALEEN WHALES - whales without teeth (Suborder Mysticeti)
     
     GRAY WHALE  (Family Eschrichtiidae)
     
     
396. (California) Gray Whale  (*)  ______  AK  CA  WA (p)  (Other names: "Mussel-digger", "Scrag Whale") 
     Eschrichtius robustus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Females Gray Whales are larger than males: females up to over 46 feet long, males up to over 42 feet long; the animal's weight can be up to 33 tons. 
     
     During a FONT tours near Nome, Alaska, the Gray Whale has been seen from shore.
     
     The Gray Whale has a 12,000 mile round-trip migration between its southern breeding grounds in Baja California and its northern feeding grounds in the Bering, Chukchi, and western Beaufort Seas.
     
     Gray Whales formerly occurred in the North Atlantic, where they were hunted to extinction by the 17th or 18th Century. In the western Pacific, a population off Korea, may now be extinct. The eastern Pacific population was reduced to only a few hundred or thousand in the early 1900's.Protection came in 1946, and that population has now recovered.  
     
     
     RIGHT & BOWHEAD WHALES  (Family BALAENIDAE)
     
     
397. North Atlantic Right Whale  (t2) (ph) (*) ______  NJ (p)
     Balaena (formerly Eubalaena) glacialis
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Two photographs of the rare & endangered North Atlantic Right Whale
     off the East Coast of North America.
     The counterpart in the Southern Atlantic, the Southern Right Whale,
     has been seen during FONT tours in Argentina. 
     
     
398. Bowhead Whale   ______  AK  (in the Arctic Ocean)
     Balaena mysticetus
     
     
     RORQUAL (or FINBACK) WHALES (Family Balaenopteridae)
     
     
399. Humpback Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA  NF  NJ  WA (p)
     Megaptera novaeanliae  (the single member of its genus)
     
     Humpback Whales are up to over 52 feet in length, weighing up to 44 tons.
     
     
     
     Humpback Whale
     
     
400. Northern Minke Whale  (ph) (*)  ______  AK  NC  NJ  WA (p) (has also been called Piked Whale or Lesser Rorqual) 
     Balacnoptera acutorostrata
     
     Formerly, until 1998, the Northern Minke Whale was considered conspecific with southern population, now the Antarctic Minke Whale, B. bonaerensis.
     
     The Northern Minke Whale is up to about 30 feet in length, weighing up to nearly 10 tons.
     
     
     
     Northern Minke Whale
     
     
401. Bryde's Whale  ______
     Balaenoptera edeni
     
     
402. Sei Whale  (t2)  ______  AK
     Balaenoptera borealis
     
     
403. Fin Whale  (t2) (ph) (*)  ______  AK  DE  NJ (p)  (has also been called Common Rorqual) 
     Balaenoptera physalus
     
     
     
     A Fin Whale during a FONT pelagic trip, off the East Coast of North America 
     
     
404. Blue Whale  (t2) (ph) (*)  ______  AK  CA (p)  (has also been called "Sulphurbottom") 
     Balaenoptera m. musculus  (subspecies in the North Atlantic & North Pacific Oceans; 2 other subspecies in the Southern Hemisphere)  
     
     The Blue Whale is the largest of all mammals.
     
     
     
     Above & below: the Blue Whale
     The photo below during a FONT tour in 2012.
     (upper photo by Armas Hill; lower photo by Gabi Hauser)
     
     
     
     
     

References for the above mammal-list include:

"Mammals of North America" by Roland W. Kays & Don E. Wilson, published by Princeton Univ Press, 2002. 

"The Encyclopedia of Mammals", edited by Dr. David Macdonald, updated in 2006.

"Mammals of the World - A Checklist", by Andrew Duff & Ann Lawson, 2004

"A Field Guide to the Mammals (of North America north of Mexico), by William H. Burt & Richard P. Grossenheider

"Mammals of the Pacific Northwest", by James R. Christensen & Earl J. Larrison, 1982 

"Marine Birds and Mammals of Puget Sound", by Tony Angell & Kenneth C. Balcomb, 1982

"Eyewitness Handbook: Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises - a Visual Guide to the World's Cetaceans", by Mark Carwardine, illustrated by Martin Camm, 1995  

"World Guide to Mammals" by Nicole Duplaix & Noel Simon, 1976

"A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico", by Fiona A. Reid, 1997