CENTRAL AMERICA
BIRDS 

Tinamous to Doves


Noting those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours

1991 thru 2015

In Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala
Honduras, Panama

Part 1 of a Central America Bird List, with some Photos,
compiled by Armas Hill 


Photo at upper right: AGAMI HERON

Codes:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
 (t1): critically endangered
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the country & the months are noted.
BZ:    Belize
CR:   Costa Rica    
GU:   Guatemala
HN:    Honduras
PN:    Panama

(CAi): introduced species in Central America
(CAr): a rare species in Central America 

(*):  species found during Focus On Nature Tours

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site


Links to Bird Groupings in this part of this List:

Tinamous     Chachalacas, Guans, Curassow     Wood-Partridge, Quail, Turkey     Waterfowl

Pelagic Birds     Grebes     Storks, Ibises, Spoonbill     Egrets, Herons, Bitterns

Frigatebirds, Pelicans, Boobies    Cormorants, Anhinga    Vultures   Caracaras & Falcons

Osprey & Kites    Hawks & Eagles     Crakes, Rails, & Allies     Sungrebe, Sunbittern. Limpkin

Shorebirds     Jaegers, Gulls, Terns, Skimmer    Pigeons & Doves    


Links to Other Parts of this Central American Bird List:       
 
Part #2: Macaws to Woodpeckers     Part #3: Manakins to Thrashers     Part #4: Thrushes to Buntings

Links to Lists of Birds of:   Belize    Costa Rica     Guatemala     Honduras     Panama

Links to Lists & Photo Galleries of Other Nature, including Central American:

Mammals     Butterflies     Amphibians, Reptiles     Marine Life, inc. Fish, Crustaceans


Links to Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:

in Central America      by month, in:  2015   2016   or:  by geographic location worldwide


Other Links:

FONT Past Tour Highlights

Directory of Photos in this Website

Birds of Central America, Part #1:


       TINAMOUS

1. Great Tinamou (nt) (*)  ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr,jun,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
   Tinamus major fuscipennis
   
   
2. Highland Tinamou  (*) ______   CR:mar
   Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii
   
   
3. Slaty-breasted Tinamou  (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  
   Crypturellus boucardi costaricensis
   
   Another name for Crypturellus boucardi has been the Boucard's Tinamou. 
   
   
4. Little Tinamou  (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  HN:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
   Crypturellus soui modestus
   
   
5. Thicket Tinamou  (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr 
   Crypturellus cinnamomeus praepes
   
   Another name for Crypturellus cinnamomeus has been the Rufescent Tinamou.
   
   
   CHACHALACAS, GUANS, CURASSOW
   
   
6. Gray-headed Chachalaca  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
   Ortalis cinereiceps  (monotypic)
   
   
7. Plain Chachalaca  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:apr,dec
   Ortalis vetula
   
   
   
   Plain Chachalaca
   (photo by Dick Tipton)
   
   
8. White-bellied Chachalaca  (*) ______  GU:mar,apr,dec
   Ortalis lecucogastra  (monotypic)
   
   
9. Crested Guan  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,hul,dec  PN:aug,nov
   Penelope purpurascens aequatorialis
   
   
   
   A Crested Guan photographed during a FONT Guatemala tour 
   (photo by Marie Gardner)
   
   
10. Highland Guan  (t3) (*) ______  GU:jan,apr,jun.jul,dec  HN:feb
    Penelopina nigra  (monotypic)
    
    
11. Black Guan  (nt) (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Chamaepetes unicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
12. Horned Guan  (t2) (*) (ph) ______  GU:jul
    Oreophasis derbianus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    The global population of the Horned Guan was estimated to be less than 1,000 birds in the 1970s. It is said to have declined since then.
    
    
    
    Above: a photo of 1 of 2 Horned Guans seen during the FONT Guatemala tour in July 2007
    (photo during the tour by Josue de Leon, one of our guides)
    Below: a captive Horned Guan at a zoo in Guatemala
    
    
    
    
    
13. Great Curassow  (t3) (*)  ______  CR:mar,jul  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:aug
    Crax r. rubra
    
    
    WOOD-PARTRIDGE, QUAIL, TURKEY
    
    
14. Buffy-crowned Wood Partridge  (*) ______ CR  GU:apr   (another name has been Buff-fronted Wood Partridge)
    Dendrotyx leucophrys hypospodius
    
    Another name for Dendrotyx leucophrys has been the Buff-fronted Wood Partridge.
    
    
15. Spot-bellied Bobwhite (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun,jul,dec  
    Colinus leucopogon dickeyi 
    
    The Spot-bellied Bobwhite has been considered conspecific with the Crested Bobwhite (below) of northern South America & southern Central America.   
    
    
16. Crested Bobwhite  (*)  ______  PN:feb
    Colinus cristatus
    
    
17. Yucatan Bobwhite  (*)  ______  BZ:feb
    Colinus nigrogularis
    
    
18. Singing Quail  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr
    Dachylortyx thoracicus dolichonyx  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
19. Ocellated Quail  (nt) (*) ______  GU:jun
    Cytonyx ocellatus  (monotypic)
    
    
20. Spotted Wood Quail (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:feb,mar,apr,jul
    Odontophorus guttatus
    
    
21. Marbled Wood Quail  (nt) (*) ______   CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:feb
    Odontophorus gujanensis
    
    
22. Black-eared Wood Quail  (*) ______  CR:jul  
    Odontophorus m. melanotis  
    
    The Black-eared Wood Quail was conspecific with the Rufous-fronted Wood Quail of South America.
    
    
23. Black-breasted Wood Quail  (nt) (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
    Odontophorus leucolaemus  (monotypic)
    
    
24. Tawny-faced Quail ______
    Rhynchortyx cinctus
    
    
25. Ocellated Turkey  (nt) (*) (ph)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun.jul
    Meleagris ocellata  (monotypic) 
    
    
    
    An Ocellated Turkey photographed during a FONT tour in Guatemala
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    WATERFOWL
    
    
26. Black-bellied Whistling Duck  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:apr,jun  HN:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
    Dendrocygna a. autumnalis
    
    
27. Fulvous Whistling Duck  (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar,jul  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb
    Dendrocygna bicolor  (monotypic)
    
    
28. White-faced Whistling Duck  (ph) ______  
    Dendrocygna viduata
    
    
29. Muscovy Duck  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:jul,aug,nov
    Cairina moschata  (monotypic, and single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    Muscovy Ducks photographed during a FONT tour
    
    
30. Mallard  (*)  (ph)  ______  CR:mar
    Anas platyrhynchos
    
    
31. American Wigeon  (*) (ph)  ______  GU:feb  HN:feb,dec
    Anas americana
    
    
32. Northern Shoveler  (*)  _____   CR:mar
    Anas clypeata
    
    
33. Northern Pintail  (ph)  _____
    Anas acuta 
    
    
34. Blue-winged Teal (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb
    Anas discors  (monotypic)
    
    
35. Cinnamon Teal ______
    Anas cyanoptera
    
    
36. Green-winged Teal  (ph) ______
    Anas carolinensis
    
    
37. Ring-necked Duck (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  HN:feb
    Aythya collaris  (monotypic)
    
    
38. Lesser Scaup  (*) (ph) ______  GU:dec
    Aythya affinis
    
    
39. Greater Scaup ______
    Aythya marila
    
    
40. Ruddy Duck  (*)  ______  GU:dec
    Oxyura jamaicensis
    
    
41. Masked Duck (*) ______  CR:feb,mar
    Nomoyx dominicus  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
    
    
    PELAGIC BIRDS  (PETRELS, SHEARWATERS, STORM-PETRELS)
    
    
42. Black-capped Petrel  (t2) (ph) ______  
    Pterodroma hasitata 
    
    
43. Galapagos Petrel  (t1) ______  (was conspecific with the Hawaiian Petrel, and was then called the Dark-rumped Petrel)  
    Pterodroma phaeopygia  
      
    
44. Black Petrel  (t3) ______  (another name has been Parkinson's Petrel) 
    Procellaria parkinsoni
    
    
45. Sooty Shearwater (*) (ph) ______  CR:jul
    Puffinus griseus  (monotypic)
    
    
46. Pink-footed Shearwater  (t3) (ph) ______
    Puffinus creatopus
    
    
47. Wedge-tailed Shearwater ______
    Puffinus pacifiicus
     
    
48. Short-tailed Shearwater  (ph) ______
    Puffinus tenuirostris
    
    
49. Audubon's Shearwater  (ph) ______
    Puffinus lherminieri
    
    
50. Galapagos Shearwater ______  (was part of the Audubon's Shearwater)
    Puffinus subalaris
    
    
51. Wilson's Storm Petrel  (ph) ______
    Oceanites oceanicus
    
    
52. Leach's Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma leucorhoa
    
    
53. Black Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma melania
    
    
54. Wedge-rumped Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma tethys
    
    
55. Band-rumped Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma castro
    
    
56. Least Storm Petrel ______
    Oceanodroma microsoma
    
    
57. Markham's Storm Petrel   ______
    Oceanodroma markhami
    
     
58. White-faced Storm Petrel  (ph) ______
    Pelagodroma marina  (the single member of its genus)   
    
    
    GREBES 
    
    
59. Pied-billed Grebe  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,may  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug
    Podilymbus p. podiceps
    
    
60. Atitlan Grebe  ______  GU  (now believed to be extinct)
    Podilymbus gigas
    
    The Atitlan Grebe occurred at Lake Atitlan in Guatemala, being endemic to both the country and the lake. It was flightless. In the 1930s, there were an estimated 200 or so. The population had decreased to 50-60 birds by the early 1980s. It is now believed to be extinct. Some say that this bird was a larger resident subspecies of the Pied-billed Grebe. 
    
    
61. Least Grebe (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
    Tachybaptus (formerly Podiceps) dominicus brachypterus
    
    
62. Eared Grebe  (ph) ______   HN:feb  
    Podiceps nigricollis
    
    Another name for Podiceps nigricollis is the Black-necked Grebe. 
    
    
    STORKS, IBISES, SPOONBILL
    
    
63. Wood Stork  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul
    Myceteria americana  (monotypic)
    
    
64. Jabiru  (CAr) (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  HN:dec
    Jabiru mycteria  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    
    
    Jabirus photographed during FONT tours
    
    
65. Green Ibis  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
    Mesembrinibis cayennensis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    
66. American White Ibis  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
    Eudocimus albus  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    American White Ibis
    (photo by Howard Eskin)
    
    
67. Glossy Ibis  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb
    Plegadis falcinellus  (has been called monotypic)
    
    
68. Roseate Spoonbill  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec
    Platalea (formerly Ajaia) ajaja  (monotypic)
    
    
    EGRETS, HERONS, BITTERNS
    
    
69. Western Cattle Egret  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb.mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Bubulcus ibis
    
    The Western Cattle Egret is in parts of Europe and Africa, and now in much of the Americas. The Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus coromandus, is in eastern Asia.
    
    The Western Cattle Egret was first observed in Costa Rica in 1954, and in Panama for the first time that same year. 
    
    
70. Green Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,eb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov   
    Butorides v. virescens
    
    At one time, the Green Heron was considered conspecific with the nearly cosmopolitan Striated Heron, and was then called the Green-backed Heron.   
    
    
71. Striated Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
    Butorides striata
    
    
    
    The Striated Heron is a species that only occurs in "North America"
    in Panama
    (photographed during a FONT tour)    
    
    
72. Little Blue Heron  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Egretta caerulea  (monotypic)
    
    
73. Tricolored Heron  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov  
    Egretta tricolor ruficollis
    
    Another name for Egretta tricolor was the Louisiana Heron.
    
    
74. Reddish Egret  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:dec/jan
    Egretta r. rufescens
    
    
75. Snowy Egret  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Egretta t. thula
    
    
76. Great Egret  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Ardea alba egretta  (has been Casmerodius alba egretta)
    
    
77. Great Blue Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
    Ardea h. herodias
    
    
78. Cocoi Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb,jul,aug
    Ardea cocoi
    
    
    
    The Cocoi Heron is a species that only occurs in "North America" in Panama.
    This photo during a FONT tour. 
    
    
79. Agami Heron  (t3) (CAr) (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:apr  CR:mar,apr  GU:mar  PN:feb 
    Agamia agami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
    
    Another name for Agamia agami has been the Chestnut-bellied Heron.
    
    
    
    Agami Heron
    (photo courtesy of Laguna del Lagarto in Costa Rica)
    
    
80. Capped Heron  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb
    Pilherodius pileatus  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
    
    A Capped Heron photographed during a FONT tour 
    
    
81. Rufescent Tiger Heron  (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
    Tigrisoma l. lineatum
    
    
    
    An adult Rufescent Tiger Heron 
    
    
82. Fasciated Tiger Heron  (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar,apr
    Tigrisoma fasiatum salmoni
    
    
83. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:mar 
    Tigrisoma mexicanum  (monotypic)
    
    
    
    A juvenile Bare-throated Tiger-Heron
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
84. Black-crowned Night Heron  (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun  HN:feb  PN:feb,jul,aug
    Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli
    
    
85. Yellow-crowned Night Heron  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,jun,dec  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
    Nyctanassa v. violacea  (the single member of its genus)
    
    
86. Boat-billed Heron  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
    Cochlearius cochlearius  (the single member of its genus)   
    Cochlearius cochlearius phillipsi  subspecies in northern Costa Rica
    Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis   subspecies in southern Costa Rica
    
    
    
    Boat-billed Heron
    (photo by Dick Tipton)
    
    
87. Pinnated Bittern  (*) (ph) ______  GU:apr
    Botaurus pinnatus
    
    
88. American Bittern ______
    Botaurus lentiginosus
    
    
89. Least Bittern  (*) (ph) ______  GU:jul  HN:dec
    Ixobrychus exilis
    
    
    TROPICBIRD, FRIGATEBIRDS, PELICANS, BOOBIES
    
    
90. Red-billed Tropicbird  (ph) ______
    Phaethon aethereus
    
    
91. Magnificent Frigatebird  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Fregata magnificens  (now said to be monotypic)
    
    
    
    Two Magnificent Frigatebirds photographed during a FONT tour 
    along the seacoast in Belize 
    (photo by Alan Brady)
    
    
92. Great Frigatebird ______
    Fregata minor
    
    
93. Brown Pelican  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
    Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis
    
    
94. American White Pelican  (*) (ph) ______  GU:mar,apr  HN:dec
    Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
     
    
95. Brown Booby (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,jul  PN:mar,jul,aug
    Sula l. leucogaster
    
    
96. Blue-footed Booby (*) (ph) ______  PN:aug
    Sula nebouxii
    
    
97. Red-footed Booby  (ph) ______
    Sula sula
    
    
98. Masked Booby ______
    Sula dactylatra
    
    
99. Nazca Booby  (ph) ______
    Sula granti 
    
    
    CORMORANTS and ANHINGA
    
    
100. Neotropic Cormorant  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov  
     Phalacrocorax brasilianus  
     Phalacrocorax brasilianus mexicanus  (subspecies in northern Costa Rica)
     Phalacrocorax b. brasilianus  (subspecies in southern Costa Rica)
     
     The Neotropic Comorant was called the Olivaceous Cormorant. 
     
     
     
     A Neotropic Cormorant photographed during the FONT Belize tour
     in March 2007, at the fresh-water Crooked Tree Lagoon.
     Along the seacoast, the Cormorants during that tour were Double-crested.
     (photo by Alan Brady) 
     
     
101. Double-crested Cormorant  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  GU:feb
     Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus
     
     
102. Anhinga  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Anhinga anhinga leucogaster
     
     
     
     A female Anhinga 
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
     VULTURES
     
     
103. Turkey Vulture  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Cathartes a. aura  (another subspecies, C. a. meridionalis, from central North America, migrates thru southern Central America, in Panama & Costa Rica, sometimes in large flocks)
     
     
104. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,jul  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Cathartes burrovianus  (monotypic)
     
     
105. Black Vulture  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Coragyps atratus  (now said to be monotypic) (the only member of its genus)
     
     
106. King Vulture  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jun,jul  PN:feb
     Sarcoramphus papa  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
     CARACARAS and FALCONS 
     
     
107. Northern Crested Caracara  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Caracara cheriway  (monotypic)
     
     
108. Yellow-headed Caracara  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Milvago chimachima cordata
     
     
     
     A Yellow-headed Caracara photographed during a FONT tour
     in Costa Rica in March 2012
     (photo by Virginia Woodhouse)
     
     
109. Red-throated Caracara  (CAr) (*)  ______  PN:feb
     Ibycter americanus
     
     
110. Laughing Falcon  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Herpetotheres c. cachinnans  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     A Laughing Falcon, photographed in late-day sunlight,
     during a FONT tour in northern Costa Rica in March 2012
     (photo by Virginia Woodhouse)   
     
     
111. Barred Forest Falcon  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,jun  PN:feb,jul
     Micrastur ruficollis interstes
     
     
112. Collared Forest Falcon  (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,dec  PN:mar,aug
     Micrastur semitorquatus naso
     
     
113. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon  (*)  ______  PN:feb
     Micrastur mirandollei
     
     
114. American Kestrel  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,aug
     Falco s. sparverius  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)  
     
     
115. Merlin  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar  PN:feb,nov
     Falco c. columbarius
     
     
116. Bat Falcon  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Falco rufigularis petoensis
     
     
117. Aplomado Falcon  (CAr) (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  PN:feb  
     Falco f. femoralis 
     
     In Costa Rica, the Aplomado Falcon is known from a very few reports in recent decades, all in the Palo Verde area of the northwest part of the country - and that's where we've seen ours, twice. 
     
     According to "The Birds of Costa Rica" by Garrigues & Dean (published in 2007), there have only been 3 reports of Aplomado Falcons in Costa Rica in the last few decades, all of them in Guanacaste. 
     
     
118. Peregrine Falcon  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:mar  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Falco peregrinus anatum  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica)
     
     
119. Orange-breasted Falcon  (nt) (CAr) (ph)  ______  GU:jan,mar,apr,jul
     Falco deiroleucus
     
     
     
     An Orange-breasted Falcon photographed at Tikal, Guatemala
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
     OSPREY and KITES
     
     
120. Osprey  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Pandion haliaetus carolinensis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
121. Gray-headed Kite  (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,aug,nov  
     Leptodon c. cayanensis  
     
     Another name for Leptodon cayanensis has been the Cayenne Kite. 
     
     
122. Hook-billed Kite  (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:feb  PN:feb
     Chondrohierax u. uncinatus  
     
     
123. Swallow-tailed Kite  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,mar,jul  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Elanoides forficatus  (the single member of its genus) (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, E. f. forficatus, & E. f. yetapa) 
     
      
     
     Swallow-tailed Kite
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
124. Pearl Kite  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:feb 
     Gampsonyx swainsonii leonae 
     
     The Pearl Kite was first reported in Costa Rica in the mid-1990s. It was since occurred along the entire Pacific slope.
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a pair of Pearl Kites were seen at their nest.   
     
     
125. White-tailed Kite  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:juan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:dec  PN;feb,mar,jul
     Elanus leucurus majusculus
     
     
126. Double-toothed Kite  (*) ______  CR:feb,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus
     
     
127. Plumbeous Kite  (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar,apr,jul  GU:mar,apr,may,jun,jul  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Ictinia plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
128. Mississippi Kite  (*) ______  GU:apr
     Ictinia mississippiensis
     
     
129. Snail Kite  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,may,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Rostrhamus s. sociabilis
     
     
     
     Snail Kites, above an immature male, below a female
     (photos by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     
     
     HAWKS and EAGLES
     
     

130. Crane Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb
     Geranospiza caerulesens nigra  (the single member of its genus)
     
     

131. Northern Harrier  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar  GU:feb  PN:feb  (in Eurasia this species called Hen Harrier)
     Circus cyaneus hudsonius
     
     
132. Sharp-shinned Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,apr,dec  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Accipiter striatus velox  (subspecies from further north in North America that winters in Costa Rica) 
       
     
133. White-breasted Hawk  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr,jun,dec  HN:apr 
     Accipiter chionogaster
     
     The White-breasted Hawk has been considered a subspecies of the Sharp-shinned Hawk.
     
     
134. Bicolored Hawk  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:feb  HN:feb  PN:jul
     Accipiter b. bicolor
     
     
135. Cooper's Hawk  (ph) ______  BZ:mar  GU;apr
     Accipiter cooperii
     
     
136. Tiny Hawk  (*) ______  CR  PN:mar
     Accipiter superciliosus
     
     
137. Barred Hawk  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,mar,jul   
     Morphnarchus (formerly Leucopternis) princeps  (monotypic)
     
     Other names for the Barred Hawk have been the Black-chested Hawk and the Prince Hawk.
     
     
138. Plumbeous Hawk  (nt) (*) ______  PN:feb,mar
     Cryptoleucopteryx (formerly Leucopternis) plumbea  (monotypic)
     
     
139. Semiplumbeous Hawk  (*)  ______  CR:jul,dec/jan  PN:mar,aug,nov
     Leucopternis semiplumbeus  (monotypic)
     
     
140. White Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:aug
     Pseudastur (formerly Leucopternis) albicollis costaricensis
     
     
     
     A White Hawk photographed in Costa Rica
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
141. Common Black Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,jul,aug,nov
     Buteogallus a. anthracinus 
     Buteogallus anthracinus bangsi  ("Mangrove Black Hawk")  CR, GU, PN
     
     
     
     Common Black Hawk
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
142. Great Black Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar  GU:apr,jun  PN:feb,aug,nov
     Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi
     
     
143. Savanna Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan  PN:feb,jul,nov
     Buteogallus meridionalis  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Savanna Hawk photographed during a FONT tour.
     In Costa Rica, the species occurs only sparingly 
     in the far-southern part of the country. 
     
     
144. Montane Solitary Eagle  (nt) (*)  ______  CR:mar  GU:feb
     Buteogallus (formerly Harpyhaliaetus) solitarius sheffleri
     
     
145. Black-collared Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:apr  GU:apr
     Busarellus n. nigricollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     A Black-collared Hawk photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
146. Bay-winged Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb  
     Parabuteo unicinctus harrisis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     In North America, the Bay-winged Hawk is called the Harris' Hawk.
     
     
147. Gray Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec
     Buteo plagiatus
     
     Buteo plagiatus, the Gray Hawk, has been considered conspecific with Buteo nitidus, the Gray-lined Hawk.
     Also, in the past, these were in a monotypic genus, Asturina.  
     
     Buteo plagiatus ranges from northwest Costa Rica north into the US in southern Arizona and southern Texas (also rarely into southern New Mexico).  
     Buteo nitidus ranges from Costa Rica south into South America.  
     
     
     
     An immature Gray Hawk 
     (photo by Danny Leon Cordero)
     
     
148. Gray-lined Hawk  (*)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Buteo nitidus costaricensis   subspecies in southern Costa Rica and Panama
     
     
149. Roadside Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Rupornis magnirostris  (formerly Buteo magnirostris) 
     Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda   subspecies in most of Costa Rica
     Rupornis magnirostris petulans   subspecies in southwest Costa Rica
     
     
     
     Above & below: from two different angles,
     Roadside Hawks.
     The subspecies Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda
     (upper photo by Dick Tipton,
      lower photo by Alan Brady during a FONT tour)
     
     
     
     
     
150. Broad-winged Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:apr,dec  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,oct,nov
     Buteo p. platypterus  (migrant that breeds further north in North America) 
     
     
     
     Broad-winged Hawk
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
151. Swainson's Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr  PN:mar,oct,nov
     Buteo swainsoni  (monotypic)  (migrant that breeds further north in North America, some occasionally winter in Central America)
     
     
152. Short-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,aug,oct
     Buteo brachyurus fuliginosus
     
     
     
     A dark-morph of the Short-tailed Hawk,
     photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
153. White-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,apr,dec/jan  GU:dec  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Geranoaetus albicaudatus hypospodius  (formerly Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius)
     
     
154. Zone-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb
     Buteo albonotatus  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Zone-tailed Hawk photographed during a FONT tour.
     The underwing of this species resembles that of the Turkey Vulture.
     
     
155. Red-tailed Hawk  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis
     
     
     
     A dark morph of the Red-tailed Hawk, photographed during a FONT tour.
     Red-tailed Hawks in Central America are often dark.
     
     
156. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle  (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  GU  PN:mar
     Spizaetus melanoleucus  (was Spizastur melanoleucus)  (monotypic)
     
     
157. Black Hawk-Eagle  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr  GU:jan,apr,dec  HN;dec  
     Spizaetus tyrannus serus
     
     Another name for Spizaetus tyrannus has been Tyrant Hawk Eagle. 
     
     
158. Ornate Hawk-Eagle  (nt) (*) (ph) ______  GU:jan
     Spizaetus ornatus
     
     
     
     An immature Ornate Hawk-Eagle
     (photo by Daniel Leon Cordero)
     
     
159. Crested Eagle  (nt) ______  GU:apr
     Morphnus guianensis  (monotypic)
     
     
160. Harpy Eagle  (nt) (ph) ______
     Harpia harpyja
     
     
     CRAKES, RAILS, and ALLIES
     
     
161. Uniform Crake  (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr  PN:jul
     Amaurolimnas concolor
     
     
162. Ocellated Crake ______
     Micropygia schomburgkii
     
     
163. Gray-necked Wood Rail  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
     Aramides cajanea 
     Aramides c. cajanea  (subspecies in most of Costa Rica)
     Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis  (subspecies in northeast Costa Rica)
     
     
     
     Gray-necked Woodrail
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
164. Rufous-necked Wood Rail  (*) ______  CR:jul,dec/jan
     Aramides axillaris  (monotypic)
     
     
165. Clapper Rail  (ph) ______
     Rallus crepitans (formerly R. longirostris)
     Rallus crepitans belizensis  ______  subspecies in Belize
     
     The Clapper Rail was first found in Costa Rica in 1998 in mangroves by the Gulf of Nicoya.  
     
     In 2014, the Clapper Rail was split into 3 species: 
     the Clapper Rail, Rallus crepitans, in Central America (Belize) along the Caribbean coast
     the Ridgway's Rail, Rallus obsoletus, in northern and western Mexico    
     the Mangrove Rail, Rallus longirostris, in South America along the coast of the Caribbean, and that of the Pacific in Ecuador and Peru.
     A "Clapper Rail" along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica does not fall into any of these geographic categories.    
     
     
166. Spotted Rail  (*) ______ 
     Pardirallus maculatus
     
     
167. Paint-billed Crake ______ 
     Neocrex erythrops
     
     
168. White-throated Crake (*) ______   CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Laterallus albigularis  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps  (subspecies in most of Costa Rica)
     Laterallus a. albigularis  (subspecies in southwest Costa Rica)
     
     
169. Ruddy Crake  (*)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Laterallus ruber
     
     
170. Gray-breasted Crake  (*) ______  CR:mar
     Laterallus exilis  (monotypic)
     
     
171. Black Rail  (nt) (*) ______  CR:mar  (would be more properly called Black Crake)
     Laterallus j. jamaicensis
     
     
172. Yellow-breasted Crake (*) _____ 
     Porzana flaviventer
     
     
173. Sora  (*)  ______  HN:feb  PN:feb
     Porzana carolina
     
     
174. Common Gallinule  (*) (ph)  ______   BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,may  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct 
     Gallinula chloropus cachinnans
     
     
175. Purple Gallinule  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
     Porphyrio (formerly Porphyrula) martinica  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     A Purple Gallinule photographed during a FONT tour in Panama
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
176. American Coot  (*)  ______  BZ:feb  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Fulica americana
     
     
     SUNGREBE, SUNBITTERN, LIMPKIN 
     
     
177. Sungrebe  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun 
     Heliornis fulica  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     An alternate name for Heliornis fulica could be "American Finfoot".
     
     
     
     Sungrebe
     
     
178. Sunbittern  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,jul  PN:feb,mar
     Eurypyga helias major  (a single member of its genus & family) 
     
     
179. Limpkin  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:aug
     Aramus guarauna dolosus  (the single member of its genus & family)
     
     
     
     A Limpkin photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     SHOREBIRDS
     
     
180. Double-striped Thick-knee  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan
     Burbinus b. bistriatus
     
     
181. American Oystercatcher  (*) (ph) ______ PN:feb
     Haematopus palliatus
     
     
182. American Avocet  (ph) ______ 
     Recurvirostra americana
     
     
183. Black-necked Stilt  (*) (ph) ______   BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,aug,nov 
     Himantopus mexicanus
     
     Himantopus mexicanus has been said by some to be conspecific with Himantopus himantopus, the Black-winged Stilt of the Old World. 
     
     
184. Northern Jacana  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Jacana s. spinosa
     
     
     
     Above & below: Northern Jacanas
     (lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse during a FONT tour in Costa Rica in March 2012) 
     
     
     
     
185. Wattled Jacana  (*) (ph) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Jacana jacana
     
     The Wattled Jacana occasionally strays north into southern Costa Rica from Panama.
     
     
     
     The Wattled Jacana is a bird that occurs in "North America"
     only in Panama. 
     This immature bird was photographed during a FONT tour.
      
     
186. Black-bellied Plover  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov 
     Pluvialis squatarola cynosurae
     
     Pluvialis squatarola is also called the Grey Plover.
     
     
187. American Golden Plover  (ph) ______
     Pluvialis dominica
     
     
188. Semipalmated Plover (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:mar,aug,nov
     Charadrius semipalmatus  (monotypic)
     
     
189. Wilson's Plover (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,dec/jan  GU:jun  PN:aug
     Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
     
     
190. Killdeer (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Charadrius v. vociferus
     
     
191. Collared Plover (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:aug
     Charadrius collaris  (monotypic)
     
     
192. Snowy Plover (ph) ______
     Charadrius nivosus
     
     
193. Southern Lapwing  (BZr) (CRr) (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov  
     Vanellus chilensis cayennensis
     
     The Southern Lapwing was first recorded in Costa Rica in 1997. It has since occurred in lowlands of both the Caribbean & Pacific slopes.
     
     
     
     Southern Lapwings have been spreading north.
     One was seen during the FONT tour in Belize 
     in March 2007.
     
     
194. Marbled Godwit (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  PN:feb,aug
     Limosa f. fedoa
     
     
195. Hudsonian Godwit  (ph)  ______
     Limosa haemastica
     
     
196. Whimbrel (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jun  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus
     
     
     
     The Whimbrel is one of a good assortment of shorebirds 
     to be seen, in season, on the expansive mudflats of the Pacific coast in Panama City.  
     (photo by Abram Fleishman)
     
     
197. Long-billed Curlew (nt) (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  PN:feb,aug
     Numenius americanus
     
     
198. Greater Yellowlegs (*) ______   BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Tringa melanoleuca  (monotypic)
     
     
199. Lesser Yellowlegs (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb
     Tringa flavipes  (monotypic)
     
     
200. Solitary Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Tringa solitaria  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica, T. s. solitaria & T. s. cinnamomea)
     
     
201. Willet (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Tringa (formerly Catoptrophorus) semipalmatus inornatus  
     
     
202. Wandering Tattler ______
     Heteroscelus (some say Tringa) brevipes  
     
     
203. Spotted Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Actitis macularia  (monotypic)
     
     
204. Upland Sandpiper (*) ______ 
     Bartramia longicauda  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
205. Ruddy Turnstone (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Arenaria i. interpres
     
     
206. Surfbird  (*)  ______  PN:aug
     Aphriza virgata  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
207. Red Knot (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  PN:mar
     Calidris canutus rufa
     
     
208. Sanderling (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,dec/jan  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Calidris alba rubida
     
     
209. Semipalmated Sandpiper (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris pusilla  (monotypic)
     
     
210. Western Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris mauri  (monotypic)
     
     
211. Least Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Calidris minutilla  (monotypic)
     
     
212. Pectoral Sandpiper (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr  GU:apr
     Calidris melanotos  (monotypic)
     
     
213. White-rumped Sandpiper  (ph) ______  GU:apr  PN:aug
     Calidris fiscicollis
     
     
214. Baird's Sandpiper ______
     Calidris bairdii
     
     
215. Dunlin  (*) (ph)  ______   CR:mar
     Calidris alpina
     
     In Costa Rica, the Dunlin is a very rare migrant from North America, found by the Gulf of Nicoya from late December to early May.
     
     
216. Curlew Sandpiper (ph) ______
     Calidris ferruginea 
     
     The Curlew Sandpiper, a bird of the Old World, has been reported, once, in Costa Rica in November by the Gulf of Nicoya.    
     
     
217. Stilt Sandpiper (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  GU:apr
     Calidris (formerly Micropalama) himantopus 
     
     
218. Buff-breasted Sandpiper (nt) (ph) ______
     Tryngites subruficollis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
219. Ruff / Reeve (ph) ______
     Philomachus pugnax  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
220. Short-billed Dowitcher (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Limnodromus griseus
     
     
221. Long-billed Dowitcher ______
     Limnodromus scolopaceus
     
     
222. Wilson's Snipe  (ph) ______  HN:feb   (was conspecific with the Common Snipe of the Old World)
     Gallinago delicata
     
     
223. Wilson's Phalarope ______
     Phalaropus tricolor
     
     
224. Red-necked Phalarope (ph) ______
     Phalaropus lobatus  
     
     
     JAEGERS, GULLS, TERNS, SKIMMER
     
     
225. Parasitic Jaeger (*) (ph) ______  CR:jul  (called Arctic Skua in the Old World)
     Stercorarius parasiticus  (monotypic)
     
     
226. Pomarine Jaeger  (ph) ______  (also called Pomarine Skua)
     Stercorarius pomarinus
     
     The Pomarine Jaeger is a sporadic visitor off both coasts of Costa Rica, from August to April, most commonly from December to February off the Pacific (when it can be found among Wedge-tailed Shearwaters).  
     
     
227. Long-tailed Jaeger  (CAr) (ph) ______  (called Long-tailed Skua in the Old World)
     Stercorarius longicaudus
     
     There's a late-April record of a Long-tailed Jaeger in the Gulf of Papagayo. Generally, the species is further offshore.  
     
     
228. South Polar Skua  (CAr) (ph) ______
     Stercorarius (formerly Catharacta) maccormicki
     
     Sightings of skuas in Costa Rican waters off both coasts have probably been the South Polar. Such sightings have been in April, May, August, & September. 
     
     
229. Laughing Gull (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,amr,apr,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) atricilla megalopterus
     
     
230. Franklin's Gull (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan  GU:apr,jul  PN:aug
     Leucophaeus (formerly Larus) pipixcan  (formerly Larus) pipixcan  (monotypic)
     
     
231. Lesser Black-backed Gull  (CAr) (*) ______  GU:apr  PN:aug
     Larus fuscus graellsii
     
     3 immature Lesser Black-backed Gulls in Panama City in April 2009 were said to be the first of that species in Panama since 1998.
     
     
232. Ring-billed Gull (*) (ph) ______  CR:apr  PN:feb,mar
     Larus delawarensis  (monotypic)
     
     
233. "American" Herring Gull (*) ______  CR:dec/jan  PN:mar
     Larus argentatus smithsonianus
     
     
234. Kelp Gull  (CAr) (ph)  ______
     Larus dominicanus
     
     A Kelp Gull in Panama, in a report published in 2009, was said to be the first in that country since 2001.  
     
     
235. Bonaparte's Gull  (CRr) (ph) ______
     Chroicocephalus (formerly Larus) philadelphia
     
     The Bonaparte's Gull has been known in Costa Rica from 3 sightings along the Pacific coast, in May 1977 (2 in breeding plumage) at Golfito, and further north in Chomes in December 1978 & January 1980 (immature birds).   
     
     
236. Sabine's Gull (*) (ph) ______ 
     Xema sabini  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Sabine's Gull is a regular transient, in moderate numbers, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, during the spring & fall. 
     
     
237. Black-legged Kittiwake  (CAr) (ph)  ______
     Rissa tridactyla
     
     A Black-legged Kittiwake photographed in Panama in April 2009 (in Panama City) was said to be first record of the species for that country. 
     
     
238. Gull-billed Tern (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Gelochelidon (formerly Sterna) nilotica vanrossemi  (occurs on the Pacific side of Costa Rica) 
     
     
239. Caspian Tern (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,apr  CR:mar  GU:mar,apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:nov
     Hydroprogne (formerly Sterna) caspia  (monotypic)
     
     
240. Royal Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,nov
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) m. maxima
     
     
241. Sandwich Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) sandvicensis acuflavida
     
     
242. Elegant Tern  (nt) (*) ______  CR:apr
     Thalasseus (formerly Sterna) elegans  (monotypic)
     
     
243. Forster's Tern (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar  HN:dec  PN:mar
     Sterna forsteri  (monotypic)
     
     
244. Common Tern (*)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar
     Sterna hirundo
      
     
245. Least Tern (*) ______  CR:apr
     Sternula (formerly Sterna) antillarum browni
     
     
246. Large-billed Tern  (ph) ______ 
     Phaetusa simplex
     
     In Costa Rica, a Large-billed Tern, a bird of South America, was photographed along the Tortuguero River in March 2003.    
     
     
247. Black Tern (ph) ______  BZ:feb  GU:jul
     Chlidonias niger
     
     
     
     A Black Tern as seen during a FONT tour in Guatemala in July 
     
     
248. Bridled Tern (ph) ______
     Onychoprion anaethetus
     
     
249. Brown Noddy (*) ______  CR:
     Anous stolidus ridgwayi  
     
     
250. Black Noddy ______
     Anous minutus
     
     The Black Noddy is an abundant breeding resident on the Cocos Islands, well offshore from mainland Costa Rica, in the Pacific.
     
     
251. Angel Tern ______  (has been called either White Tern or Fairy Tern) 
     Gygis alba  (the single member of its genus)
     
     The Angel Tern is an abundant breeding resident on the Cocos Islands, offshore from mainland Costa Rica, from February to September. It is absent from there, at sea, the remainder of the year.   
     
     
252. Black Skimmer  (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb
     Rynchops n. niger
     
     
     PIGEONS and DOVES
     
     
253. Common (or Feral) Pigeon (i) (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Columba livia
     
     
254. Scaled Pigeon (*) ______   BZ:apr  CR:feb,mar,jul  GU:mar,apr  PN:feb,aug
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) speciosa
     
     
255. Band-tailed Pigeon (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) fasciata crissalis
     
     
256. Pale-vented Pigeon (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) cayennensis pallidicrissa
     
     
257. Red-billed Pigeon (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:mar,dec
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) flavirostris
     
     
258. Ruddy Pigeon  (t3) (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  PN:feb
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) subvinacea minima
     
     
259. Short-billed Pigeon (*) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  PN:feb,jul
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) nigrirostris  (monotypic)
     
     
260. White-crowned Pigeon ______  BZ:mar
     Patagioenas (formerly Columba) leucocephala
     
     In Costa Rica, the White-crowned Pigeon has been seen very rarely along the Caribbean coast.  
     
     
261. Mourning Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar
     Zenaida macroura turturilla
     
     
262. White-winged Dove (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Zenaida asiatica australis
     
     
     
     White-winged Dove
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
263. Common Ground Dove (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:dec
     Columbina passerina neglecta
     
     
264. Plain-breasted Ground Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,jul  GU:jan,mar,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,jul
     Columbina minuta elaeodes
     
     
265. Ruddy Ground Dove  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Columbina taipacoti rufipennis
     
     
     
     A female Ruddy Ground Dove during the FONT tour in Belize in April 2011
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
266. Blue Ground Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,apr,jul  PN:feb
     Claravis pretiosa  (monotypic)
     
     
267. Maroon-chested Ground Dove ______
     Claravis mondetoura
     
     The Maroon-chested Ground Dove is extremely rare in Costa Rica in the highlands between 900 & 3,000 meters above sea level. 
     
     
268. Inca Dove (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Columbina (formerly Scardafella) inca  (monotypic)
     
     
269. White-tipped Dove (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov  
     Leptotila v, verreauxi
     
     A former name for Leptotila verreauxi was the White-fronted Dove. 
     
     
270. Gray-headed Dove (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jul  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  
     Leptotila p. plumbeiceps
     
     The Gray-headed Dove was said by some to be conspecific with the Gray-fronted Dove, Leptotila rufaxilla, of South America.
     
     
271. Gray-chested Dove (*) ______   BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,apr  HN:dec  PN:feb,aug
     Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris
     
     
272. Purplish-backed Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:dec/jan
     Geotrygon lawrencii  (monotypic)
     
     
273. Buff-fronted Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:jul  PN:feb   (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     
274. Chiriqui Quail-Dove (*) ______  CR:feb,mar   (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Geotrygon chiriquensis  (monotypic)
     
     The Chiriqui Quail-Dove has also been called the Rufous-breasted Quail-Dove.
     
     
275. Ruddy Quail-Dove (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:feb,mar  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may  PN:jul
     Geotrygon m. montana
             
     
276. White-faced Quail-Dove  (*)  ______  GU:apr,dec
     Geotrygon albifacies 
     
     
277. Olive-backed Quail-Dove ______
     Geotrygon veraguensis
     
     
278. Violaceous Quail-Dove ______
     Geotrygon violacea 
     
     
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