CENTRAL AMERICA
BIRDS 

Macaws to Woodpeckers


Noting those found during 
Focus On Nature Tours
with an (*).  

1991 thru 2015 

In Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala
Honduras, Panama

Part 2 of a Central America Bird List with some Photos,
compiled by Armas Hill 


Photo at upper right: FIERY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD

Codes:

(t): a globally threatened or rare species, designated by Birdlife International
 (t1): critical
 (t2): endangered
 (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally

In the list that follows, relating to sightings during FONT tours, the country & the months are noted.
BZ:    Belize
CR:   Costa Rica    
GU:   Guatemala
HN:    Honduras
PN:    Panama

(CAi): introduced species in Central America

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site 

Links to Bird Groupings in this part of this list:

Macaws, Parakeets, Parrots    Cuckoos   Owls    Potoos, Nighthawks, Nightjars    Swifts

Hummingbirds    Trogons    Kingfishers    Motmots    Jacamars    Puffbirds    Barbets

Toucans    Woodpeckers  


Links to Other Parts of this Central American Bird List:

Part #1: Tinamous to Doves     Part #3: Manakins to Thrashers     Part #4: Thrushes to Buntings

Links to Lists of Birds of:   Belize    Costa Rica    Guatemala    Honduras    Panama  

Links to Lists & Photo Galleries of Other Nature, including Central American:

Mammals    Butterflies    Amphibians, Reptiles    Marine life, inc. Fish, Crustaceans

Links to Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:

in Central America     by month, in:   2015   2016   or:   by geographic location 

Other Links:

FONT Past Tour Highlights

Directory of Photos in this Website

Birds:


       Macaws, Parakeets, Parrots

275. Great Green Macaw  (t3) (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  (closely related to the Military Macaw of Mexico & northern South America, and by some has been considered conspecific)
     Ara a. ambigua  (the other subspecies is an isolated population in western Ecuador)
     
     
     
     Great Green Macaw
     
     
276. Military Macaw  (GUr)  (*)  ______  GU:apr
     Ara militaris mexicanus
     
     
277. Scarlet Macaw  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun  HN:feb,mar,dec
     Ara macao  (2 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     Ara macao cyanopterus  (northern subspecies, south to Nicaragua, extending into northeast Costa Rica)
     Ara m. macao  (most populations in Costa Rica)  
     
     
     
     Scarlet Macaws
     
     
278. Red-and-green Macaw  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb
     
     
     
     Red-and-green Macaws
     
     
279. Green Parakeet  (*) ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec
     Psittacara (formerly Aratinga) holochiora rubritoquis
     
     
280. Pacific Parakeet  (*)  ______  GU:apr,jul,dec
     Psittacara (formerly Aratinga) strenua
     
     
281. Crimson-fronted Parakeet (or Conure)  (*)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb  (total range only from southeastern Nicaragua to western Panama)
     Psittacara (formerly Aratinga) finschi  (monotypic)
     
     The Crimson-fronted Parakeet (or Conure) has also been called the Finch's Parakeet.
     
     
282. Aztec Parakeet (or Conure)  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Eupsittula (formerly Aratinga) astec
     
     The Aztec Parakeet was considered by some as part of the Olive-throated Parakeet (or Conure) when it included the Jamacian population.   
     
     
     
     Aztec Parakeets
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
283. Orange-fronted Parakeet (or Conure)  (*) ______  CR:jan,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb
     Eupsittula (formerly Aratinga) c. canicularis
     
     
284. Brown-throated Parakeet (or Conure)  (*) ______ CR:feb  PN:feb,mar,jul  
     Eupsittula (formerly Aratinga) pertinax
     
     The Brown-throated Parakeet is a recent arrival in Costa Rica from Panama, now fairly common in southern Pacific lowlands. 
     
      
285. Sulphur-winged Parakeet  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  PN:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Pyrrhura h. hoffmanni
     
     
286. Barred Parakeet  (*) ______  CR:apr  GU:apr,jun
     Bolborhynchus l. lineola
     
     
287. Orange-chinned Parakeet  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov  
     Brotogeris j. jugularis
     
     Another name for the Orange-chinned Parakeet has been the "Tovi  Parakeet".  
     
     
288. Red-fronted Parrotlet  (t3) (*) ______  CR:mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Touit costaricensis  (monotypic)
     
     The Red-fronted Parrotlet was at one time considered a race of the Blue-fronted Parrotlet of eastern Panama & northern South America. 
     
     
289. Spectacled Parrotlet  (*)  ______  PN:jul
     Forpus conspicillatus
     
     
290. Brown-hooded Parrot  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:aug
     Pionopsitta h. haematotis
     
     
291. Blue-headed Parrot  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Pionus menstuus rubigularis
     
     
292. White-crowned Parrot  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb
     Pionus senilis  (monotypic)
     
     
293. White-fronted Amazon (or Parrot)  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec
     Amazona albifrons nana
     
     
     
     White-fronted Amazon
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
294. Yellow-lored Amazon (or Parrot)  (*)  ______  BZ:apr
     Amazona xantholora
     
     
295. Red-lored Amazon (or Parrot)  (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Amazona autumnalis salvini
     
     
296. Yellow-naped Amazon (or Parrot)  (t3) (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul
     Amazona a. auropalliata 
     
     
297. Yellow-headed Amazon (or Parrot)  (*) ______  HN:apr
     Amazona oratrix
     
     
298. Yellow-crowned Amazon (or Parrot)  (*) ______  PN:mar,jul,nov
     Amazona ochrocephala panamensis 
     
     
299. Mealy Amazon (or Parrot)  (*)  ______  BZ:apr  CR:feb,,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Amazona farinosa virenticeps
     
     
     CUCKOOS
     
     
300. Black-billed Cuckoo  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  PN:nov
     Coccyzus erythropthalmus  (monotypic)
     
     
301. Yellow-billed Cuckoo  (*) ______  CR:apr  GU:apr
     Coccyzus americanus  (now monotypic)
     
     
302. Mangrove Cuckoo  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,mar,dec/jan
     Coccyzus minor  (now monotypic)
     
     
     
     Mangrove Cuckoo
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
303. Cocos Cuckoo ______  (endemic to the Cocos Islands, well offshore from mainland Costa Rica, in the Pacific) 
     Coccyzus ferrugineus
     
     
304. Squirrel Cuckoo  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Piaya cayana thermophila
     
     
     
     Squirrel Cuckoo
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
305. Groove-billed Ani  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Crotophaga sulciroxtris  (now monotypic, as a "second form" in Mexico now extinct)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     Groove-billed Anis in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica
     (upper photo by Alan Brady; 
      lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse during a FONT Costa Rica Tour in March 2012)
     
     
306. Smooth-billed Ani  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Crotophaga ani  (monotypic)
     
     
307. Greater Ani  (CRr) (*)  ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Crotophaga major
     
     In Costa Rica, a single Greater Ani was sighted, a few times, at Tortuguero in early 2003 & December 2004. 
     
     
308. Striped Cuckoo  (*) ______  BZ:apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:mar,apr,jun  HN:apr  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Tapera naevia excellens
     
     
309. Pheasant Cuckoo ______  GU:jan,mar  PN:jul
     Dromococcyx phasianellus 
     
     
310. Lesser Roadrunner  (*) ______  GU:feb,apr,jun
     Geococcyx velox
     
     
311. Lesser Ground Cuckoo  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU
     Morococcyx e. erythropygus
     
     
312. Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo ______  
     Neomorphus geoffroyi
     
     
     OWLS
     
     
313. American Barn Owl  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jun  PN:feb,aug
     Tyto furcata pratincola
     
     The American Barn Owl, Tyto furcata, was part of the Barn Owl of Eurasia & Africa, Tyto alba. 
     
     
     
     During one night, as we drove along a road during one of 
     our tours in Belize, we saw 6 Barn Owls on fence posts.
     (photo by Andy Smith)
     
     
314. Guatemalan Screech Owl  (*) ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,jun
     Megascops (formerly Otus) guatemalae
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Megascops guatemalae dacrysistactus  ______  (subspecies from northern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica)
     Megascops guatemalae guatemalae  ______  (subspecies from Vera Cruz in Mexico south to Honduras)
     There are 2 other subspecies in Mexico.
     
     The Guatemalan Screech Owl occurs in humid as well as semi-arid evergreen or semi-deciduous forests from sea level to 1500 meter.
     
     The Guatemalan Screech Owl and the Vermiculated Screech Owl (below) have been considered conspecific.    
     
     
315. Vermiculated Screech Owl  (*)  ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
     Megascops (formerly Otus) vermiculatus  (monotypic)
     
     The Vermiculated Screech Owl ranges from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia. It inhabits tropical forests with high humidity and many epiphytes, mainly in the lowlands but it can be as high as 1,200 meters above sea level. 
     
     
316. Bearded Screech Owl  (t3) (*)  ______  GU;jun  
     Megascops (formerly Otus) barbarus  (monotypic) 
     
     Megascops barbarus has also been called the Bridled Screech Owl. 
     
     
317. Bare-shanked Screech Owl  (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  (total range from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) clarkii  (monotypic)
     
     
318. Tropical Screech Owl (*) ______  CR:mar,apr  PN:feb,mar,aug  
     Megascops (formerly Otus) choliba luctisonus  (subspecies from Costa Rica to northwestern Colombia)
     
     
319. Whiskered Screech Owl  ______
     Megascops (formerly Otus) trichopsis  (monotypic)
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Megascops trichopsis mesamericanus  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to Nicaragua, with the red morph fairly common)
     There are 2 other subspecies in Mexico. 
     
     
320. Pacific Screech Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  GU:apr  (was said, at one time, to be part of the Western Screech Owl of North America)
     Megascops (formerly Otus) cooperi  (monotypic) 
     
     
     
     A Pacific Screech Owl photographed during a FONT tour in Costa Rica
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
321. Crested Owl  (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,dec  PN:aug
     Lophostrix cristata  (the single member of its genus)
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Lophostrix cristata stricklandi  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to western Colombia, this subspecies in general is grayish-brown, with yellow eyes and a slightly different voice)
     Lophostrix critata wedeli  ______  (subspecies from eastern Panama to northwestern Venezuela, with yellow eyes)
     
     The subspecies L. c. stricklandi may actually be specifically distinct . Further study of its DNA and vocalizations is needed.
     
     
322. Great Horned Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar  GU:jun
     Bubo virginianus mayensis  (subspecies from Mexico to western Panama)
     
     
323. Spectacled Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  PN:nov
     Pulsatrix perspicillata
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Pulsatrix perspiciliata chapmani  ______  (subspecies from eastern Costa Rica to Ecuador)
     Pulsatrix perspiciliata saturata  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to western Panama, a darker subspecies with a uniformly sooty-black head and back, finely-barred below) 
     
     
     
     Spectacled Owl
     
     
324. Guatemalan Pygmy Owl  (*) ______  GU:mar,apr,dec  (was part of the Mountain Pygmy Owl)
     Glaucidium cobanense
     
     The Guatemalan Pygmy Owl is no longer a subspecies of Glaucidium gnoma, the Mountain Pygmy Owl of Mexico and the southwestern US.
     It is separated due to vocal differences. Molecular studies need to be done to confirm the new taxonomic status.
     
     The Guatemalan Pygmy Owl occurs in mountain forests at higher elevations in Chiapas in southern Mexico and in Guatemala and Honduras.
     
     To differentiate from the Ridgway's, formerly Ferruginous, Pygmy Owl, it (the Ridgway's) has distinct pale streaks on the crown and forehead. See the photo below of the Ridgway's Pygmy Owl.
     The Guatemalan Pygmy Owl is geographically separated from the Costa Rica Pygmy Owl (below).
     
     
325. Central American Pygmy Owl  (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  GU:apr,dec 
     Glaucidium griseiceps  (monotypic)
     
     The range of the Central American Pygmy Owl is from southeastern Mexico to Panama. It occurs in tropical humid evergreen forests and bushlands, and also in plantations and semi-open areas, from sea level to hills, up to 1300 meters in Guatemala.
     
     The Ridgway's, or Ferruginous, Pygmy Owl (below) is generally larger and longer-tailed, and with a streaked crown.      
     
     
326. Costa Rican Pygmy Owl  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  
     Glaucidium costaricanum  (monotypic)
     
     The Costa Rica Pygmy Owl is closely related to the Mountain Pygmy Owl of Mexico & the southwestern US, and was not really a subspecies of the Andean Pygmy Owl of South America, as formerly thought. 
     
     Glaucidium costaricanum occurs from central Costa Rica to western Panama, and possibly also in eastern Panama. Its distribution is not yet fully known.
     It inhabits cloud forest and mountain forests with clearings, from 900 meters up to the timberline.
     
     
327. Ridgway's Pygmy Owl  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU  HN:feb,dec  PN  
     Glaucidium ridgwayi
     
     The Ridgway's Pygmy Owl has, for a long time, been considered a subspecies of the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium brasilianum, now said to be a species of South America.
     It has been separated on the basis of DNA data and vocal differences.
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Glaucidium ridgwayi ridgwayi  ______  (subspecies from Texas & Mexico south to northwestern Colombia)
     There is another subspecies in western Mexico & southern Arizona in the US.
     
     The Ridgway's Pygmy Owl is a highly polymorphic species, with gray-brown and red morphs, and intermediates.
     
     It generally occurs in open woodlands and semi-open areas, sometimes with cacti and thorny scrub, usually in the lowlands but sometimes up to 1500 meters above sea level or slightly higher.   
     
     
     
     The Ridgway's Pygmy Owl
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
328. Mexican Wood Owl  (*)  ______  BZ:feb,mar   CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  PN:feb,aug
     Strix squamulata
     
     The Mexican Wood Owl has been considered part of the Mottled Owl, now a South American species.
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Strix squamulata centralis  ______  (subspecies from southern Mexico to southwestern Ecuador)
     There are 2 other subspecies in Mexico. 
     
     
329. Black-and-white Owl  (*)  ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  GU:jan  HN:dec  PN:feb,aug
     Strix (formerly Ciccaba) nigrolineata  (monotypic)
     
     
330. Fulvous Owl  (*)  ______  GU:apr,jun 
     Strix fulvescens  (monotypic)
     
     The Fulvous Owl was once conspecific with the Barred Owl (of North America & Mexico), but its voice is more like that of the Spotted Owl (also of North America & Mexico). 
     
     The Fulvous Owl occurs as far south as Honduras. It occupies mountain pine forests and humid evergreen pine-oak forests from 1200 to 3100 meters above sea level.
     
     
331. Stygian Owl  (*)  ______  GU:jun
     Asio stygius 
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Asio stygius robustus  ______  (subspecies in Mexico, Guatemala, & Belize)
     
     
332. Striped Owl  (*) (ph)  _____  CR:feb,mar,jul  HN:dec  PN
     Asio (has been Pseudoscops) clamator
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Asio clamator forbesi  ______  (subspecies from Mexico to Panama, smaller & paler than the nominate of South America)
     
     
333. Burrowing Owl  (ph)  ______
     Athene cunicularia
     
     SUBSPECIES IN CENTRAL AMERICA:
     Athene cunicularia hypugaea  ______  (subspecies from Canada to Panama)
     There are 14 other subspecies throughout the Americas
     
     Very rare in Costa Rica, there's a specimen of a Burrowing Owl from the slope of the Irazu Volcano in December 1990. 
     
     
334. Unspotted Saw-whet Owl  (nt) (CRr) (*)  ______  CR
     Aegolius ridgwayi  (monotypic)
     
     Aegolius ridgwayi has been treated as a subspecies of the Northern Saw-whet Owl.
     
     The Unspotted Saw-whet Owl, a bird not known well anywhere, is said to occur in Costa Rica from 2,500 meters above sea level up to the timberline, in mountain forests and cloud forests.
     In Guatemala, it is said to occur down to 1400 meters above sea level.  
     
     Two doubtful races of the Unspotted Saw-whet Owl may be, it has been suggested, hybrids between the Northern Saw-whet Owl and the Unspotted Saw-whet Owl. 
     Aegolius ridgwayi rostratus  ______  (in Guatemala)
     Aegolius ridgwayi tacanenis  ______  (in Chiapas, in southern Mexico)
     
     
335. Oilbird  (CRr) (ph)  ______
     Steatornis caripensis  (the single member of its genus & family)  
     
     Oilbirds occur mostly in northern South America, where they reside in groups, by day, in caves. 
     In Costa Rica, no such population has been discovered, but, over the years, 2 specimens have been collected, from Cerro de la Muerte and Monteverde, Also, an individual was photographed dayroosting in Corcorvado National Park, and there's been another sighting above Horqueras de Sarapiqui,
     Oilbirds feed at night, with a hovering flight, on palms and wild avocados. They emit a slow series of clicks in flight.     
     
     
     POTOOS, NIGHTHAWKS, NIGHTJARS
     
     
336. Great Potoo (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb
     Nyctibius g. grandis
     
     
337. Common Potoo (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,mar  PN:mar
     Nyctibius griseus panamensis 
     
     
     
     Common Potoo at its nest (note egg)
     (photo by Ruben Campos)
     
     
338. Northern Potoo  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  GU:jul
     Nyctibius jamaicensis
     
     
     
     A Northern Potoo at rest during the day, 
     photographed during one of our tours in Belize
     (photo by Alan Brady) 
     
     
339. Short-tailed Nighthawk  (*) ______  CR:mar,jul  GU:jan,mar  HN:dec  PN:aug 
     Lurocalis semitorquatus noctivagus
     
     Another name for Lurocalis semitorquatus has been the Semicollared Nighthawk. 
     
     
340. Common Nighthawk (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun  PN:mar
     Chordeiles minor panamensis  (other subspecies occur in Costa Rica as migrants)
     
     
341. Lesser Nighthawk  (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr  PN:mar
     Chordeiles acutipennis littoralis  (other subspecies occur in Costa Rica as migrants)
     
     
342. Ocellated Poorwill ______
     Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
     
     
343. Yucatan Poorwill  (*) ______  BZ:mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun
     Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus  (monotypic)
     
     
344. Pauraque  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Nyctidromus albicollis intercedens  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     Pauraques
     (above photo by Marie Gardner)
     (lower photo by Ruben Campos, during the March 2010 FONT Costa Rica tour)  
     
     
     
     
345. Buff-collared Nightjar  (*)  ______  GU:apr,jun
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) ridgwayi troglodyte
     
     
346. Yucatan Nightjar  (*)  ______  HN:apr
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) badius
     
     
347. Dusky Nightjar (*) ______  CR:mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) saturatus  (monotypic)
     
     
348. Rufous Nightjar  (*) (ph) ______  PN:mar
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) rufus
     
     
349. Chuck-will's-widow   ______  
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus) carolinenis 
     
     
350. Mexican Whip-poor-will  (*)  ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec
     Antrostomus (formerly Caprimulgus)  arizonae chiapensis  (subspecies in Guatemala)
     
     
351. White-tailed Nightjar  (*)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PH:feb
     Hydropsalis (formerly Caprimulgus) cayennensis albicauda
     
     
352. Spot-tailed Nightjar  ______
     Hydropsalis (formerly Caprimulgus) maculicaudus
     
     
     SWIFTS
     
     
353. American Black Swift  (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr
     Cypseloides niger costaricensis
     
     
354. White-chinned Swift  (*) ______  CR:feb,jul
     Cypseloides cryptus  (monotypic)
     
     
355. Spot-fronted Swift ______
     Cypseloides cherriei
     
     
356. Chestnut-collared Swift  (*) ______  CR:jan,mar,apr  GU:mar,apr  HN:mar
     Streptoprocne (formerly Cypseloides) rutilus  (monotypic)
     
     
357. White-collared Swift  (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Streptoprocne zonaris bouchelli
     
     
358. Gray-rumped Swift  (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
     Chaetura cinereiventris phaeopygos
     
     
359. Band-rumped Swift  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Chaetura spinicaudus aetherodroma 
     
     
360. Costa Rican Swift  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul
     Chaetura fumosa  (monotypic)
     
     The Costa Rican Swift has been considered conspeciric with the more-southerly Band-rumped Swift, Chaetura spinicaudus.
     The range of the Costa Rican Swift is in southern Costa Rica and the adjacent Chiriqui province in Panama. 
     
     
361. "Dusky-backed" Vaux's Swift  (*) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb
     Chaetura vauxi richmondi
     
     
362. Chimney Swift  (*)  ______  HN:apr
     Chaetura pelagica
     
     
363. Short-tailed Swift  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
     Chaetura b. brachyura
     
     
364. White-throated Swift  (*)  ______  GU:jun,dec
     Aeronautes saxatalis nigrior 
     
     
365. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift  (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec  GU:mar  PN:mar,jul,aug
     Panyptila c. cayennensis
     
     
366. Great Swallow-tailed Swift  (*) ______  GU:apr
     Panyptila sanctihieronymi
     
     
     HUMMINGBIRDS
     
     
367. Band-tailed Barbthroat  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:jul
     Threnetes ruckeri ventosus 
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a Band-tailed Barbthroat was seen at its nest.
     
     
368. Bronzy Hermit  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  PN:feb
     Glaucis aenea  (monotypic) 
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a Bronzy Hermit was seen at its nest.
     
     
369. Green Hermit  (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  PN:feb
     Phaethornis guy coruscus
     
     
     
     Green Hermit
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
370. Long-billed Hermit  (*) ______  BZ:feb,apr  CR:jan.feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug 
     Phaethornis longirostris cephalus
     
     The Long-billed Hermit was, at one time, part of the Long-tailed Hermit, a species now restricted to South America.    
     
     
371. Stripe-throated Hermit  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,apr  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Phaethornis striigularis saturatus (genus formerly said to be Pygmornis  
     
     The Stripe-throated Hermit was conspecific with the Little Hermit of northeastern South America.
     Another name of the bird in Central America has been the "Boucard's Hermit", Phaethornis adolphi.   
     
     
     
     A Stripe-throated Hermit at its nest on a large blade of grass
     (photographed in Costa Rica by Alan Brady)
       
     
372. White-whiskered Hermit  (ph)  ______
     Phaetornis yaruqui
     
     A White-whiskered Hermit found in the Darien region of Panama on July 10, 1996 was said to be the first record of the species for both Panama and Central America.
     
     
373. White-tipped Sicklebill  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar  PN:feb
     Eutoxeres aquila salvini  
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a White-tipped Sicklebill was seen at its nest.
     
     
     
     White-tipped Sicklebill
     
     
374. Green-fronted Lancebill  (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan
     Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis
     
     
375. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr  GU:apr  HN:apr  PN:feb,jul,aug  
     Campylopterus (has been Phaeochroa) cuvierii  
     Campylopterus cuvierii roberti  (subspecies in eastern Costa Rica)
     Campylopterus cuvierii maculicauda  (subspecies in western Costa Rica)
     
     Another name for Campylopterus cuvierii has been "Cuvier's Hummingbird".
     
     
376. Wedge-tailed Sabrewing  (*)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun
     Campylopterus curvipennis pampa
     
     
377. Rufous Sabrewing  (*)  ______  GU:mar,apr,jun,dec
     Campylopteus rufus  (monotypic)  
     
     
378. Violet Sabrewing  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar
     Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus
     
     
     
     Violet Sabrewing
     (photo courtesy of Doris Potter)
     
     
379. White-necked Jacobin  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Florisuga m. mellivora
     
     
     
     Two photos of White-necked Jacobins.
     Above: a male.  Below: a female.  
     (lower photo by Marie Gardner, during the FONT tour in Belize in April 2011)
     
     
     
     
     
380. Brown Violetear  (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU  PN:feb
     Colibri delphinae  (now monotypic)
     
     
381. Green Violetear  (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  GU:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Colibri thalassinus cabanidis
     
     
     
     Above & below: Green Violetears photographed during FONT tours in Costa Rica
     (upper photo by Rosemary Lloyd; lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse during a March 2012 tour) 
     
     
     
     
     
382. Green-breasted Mango (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr 
     Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris
     
     Another name for Anthracothorax prevostii has been the  "Prevost's Mango".
     
     
383. Veraguan Mango  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar
     Anthracothorax veraguensis 
     
     The Veraguan Mango has been considered conspecific with the Green-breasted Mango (above). Until recently, it has been considered as endemic to Panama, but it has been found in southern Costa Rica.  
     
     
384. Black-throated Mango  (*) (ph) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Anthracothorax nigricollis  (monotypic)
     
     
385. Violet-headed Hummingbird  (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar
     Klais guimeti merrittii  (the single member of its genus) 
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a Violet-headed Hummingbird was seen at its nest.
     
     
     
     Violet-headed Hummingbird
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
386. Emerald-chinned Hummingbird  (*) ______  GU:mar.apr,dec  HN:feb  
     Abeilla a. abeillei 
     
     Another name for Abeilla abeillei has been the Abeille's Hummingbird.
     
     
387. Black-crested Coquette (*) ______  CR:mar  GU:apr
     Lophornis helenae  (monotypic)
     
     
388. White-crested Coquette (*) ______  CR:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Lophornis adorabilis
     
     Another name for Lophornis adorabilis has been the "Adorable Coquette".
     
     
389. Rufous-crested Coquette  (ph)  ______  (rare in Panama, even more rare in southwestern Costa Rica) 
     Lophornis delattrei
     
     
     
     Rufous-crested Coquette
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
390. Green Thorntail (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
     Discosura (formerly Popelairia) conversii  (monotypic)
     
     
391. Canivet's Emerald  (*)  ______  GU:jan,mar,apr,dec  (has been part of the former Fork-tailed Emerald)
     Chlorostilbon caniveti  (monotypic)
     
     
392. Salvin's Emerald (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb,dec
     Chlorostilbon (caniveti) salvini
     
     The Salvin's Emerald and the more-southerly Garden Emerald have been split from what was the Fork-tailed Emerald; some say that the Salvin's Emerald is a subspecies of the Canivet's Emerald. 
     
     
393. Garden Emerald (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct  (total range limited to Costa Rica & Panama)
     Chlorostilbon assimilis  (monotypic)
     
     The Garden, Canivet's, and the Salvin's Emeralds have been split from what was the Fork-tailed Emerald) 
     
     
394. Violet-crowned Woodnymph (*) ______  BZ:apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  PN:feb,aug
     Thalurania colombica venusta 
     
     The Violet-crowned Woodnymph (above) and the Green-crowned Woodnymph (below) have been merged (by the AOU in 2013), with the combined species called the Crowned Woodnymph. 
     The merge is based upon apparent interbreeding in Colombia.
     In Panama, however, the two are not known to come into contact with each other.   
     
     
395. Green-crowned Woodnymph  (*)  ______  PN:jul
     Thalurania fannyi
     
     
396. Fiery-throated Hummingbird (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:feb  (total range restricted to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Panterpe i. insignis  (1 of 2 subspecies in Costa Rica) (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     Fiery-throated Hummingbird
     (photo by Ruben Campos)
     
     
397. Blue-throated Sapphire (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU  HN:feb  (has also been called Blue-throated Goldentail)
     Hylocharis e. eliciae 
     
     During the FONT tour in southern Costa Rica in February 2004, a Blue-throated Sapphire was seen at its nest.
     
     
398. Violet-bellied Hummingbird  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Damophila julie panamensis
     
     
399. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird  (*) ______  PN:feb,jul,aug
     Lepidopyga c. coeruleogularis  (subspecies in western Panama)
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis confinis  (subspecies in eastern Panama)
     
     
400. Berylline Hummingbird  (*) ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb,mar
     Amazilia beryllina devillei
     
     
401. Blue-tailed Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:mar,apr,jun,dec
     Amazilia cyanura guatemalae
     
     
402. Azure-crowned Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN: feb,mar 
     Amazilia c. cyanocephala  
     
     Another name for Amazilia cyanocephala has been Red-billed Azurecrown.
     
     
403. Charming Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Amazilia decora 
     
     Another name for Amazilia decora has been Beryl-crowned Hummingbird. It has been considered conspecifrc with the Blue-chested Hummingbird.
     
     
404. Blue-chested Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:mar  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct
     Amazilia amabilis  (monotypic) 
     
     
405. Snowy-bellied Hummingbird (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  PN:jan,feb,mar,jul,aug  (total range is Costa Rica & Panama)
     Amazilia edward niveoventer
     
     
     
     Snowy-bellied Hummingbird
     (photo by Marie Grenouikket)
     
     
406. Mangrove Hummingbird (t2) (CRe) (*) ______  CR:feb,jul,dec/jan  (total range limited to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where it occurs only in mangroves) 
     Amazilia boucardi  (monotypic)
     
     
407. White-bellied Emerald ______  BZ:feb,mar  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:apr,dec
     Amazilia candida
     
     
408. Steely-vented Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
     Amazilia saucerrottei hoffmanni
     
     
409. Buff-bellied Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:jan.feb,mar,apr,jun,dec
     Amazilia y, yucatanensis 
     
     
410. Cinnamon Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Amazilia rutila corallirostris
     
     
     
     Cinnamon Hummingbird
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet) 
     
     
411. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______ BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
     Amazilia t. tzacatl
     
     
     
     Two Photos of Rufous-tailed Hummingbirds
     (photo below by Marie Gardner during the FONT tour in Belize in April 2011)  
     
     
     
     
412. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar
     Eupherusa eximia
     
     
413. Black-bellied Hummingbird (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Eupherusa nigriventris
     
     
414. Snowcap (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar  (total range from southern Honduras to western Panama)
     Microchera albocoronata parvirostris  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     An adult male Snowcap  
     (photo courtesy of Larry O'Meallie) 
     
     
415. White-tailed Emerald (*) ______  CR:mar  PN:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Elvira chionura
     
     
416. Coppery-headed Emerald (CRe) (*) (ph) ______ CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  (total range limited to Costa Rica) 
     Elvira cupreiceps
     
     
     
     Coppery-headed Emerald
     This hummingbird is one of just a few birds endemic to Costa Rica.
        
     
417. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  PN:nov  (was previously called Red-footed Plumeleteer)
     Chalybura urochrysia melanorrhoa
     
     
418. White-vented Plumeleteer  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Chalybura buffoni micana
     
     
419. Amethyst-throated Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec
     Lampornis amethystinus salvini  
     
     
420. Green-throated Mountain-gem  (*) ______  GU:apr,jun,dec  HN:feb
     Lampornis viridipallens
     
     
421. White-bellied Mountaingem (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Lampornis hemileucus  (monotypic)
     
     
422. Gray-tailed Mountaingem (CRe) (*) (ph)  ______  CR:feb,mar,jul  (this, and the White-throated and Purple-throated Mountaingems have been considered conspecific; when so, the name was Variable Mountaingem)  (total range limited to southern Costa Rica)
     Lampornis cincereicauda 
     
     
     
     A male Gray-tailed Mountaingem
     (photo by Ruben Campos)
     
     
423. Purple-throated Mountaingem (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  (has been considered conspecific with the Gray-tailed and White-throated Mountaingems, the latter in Panama) (total range limited to Nicaragua & Costa Rica) 
     Lampornis calolaema  (3 subspecies in Costa Rica)
     
     
424. White-throated Mountaingem (*) ______  PN:feb,mar  (very closely related to the Gray-tailed Mountaingem, and has been considered by some to be conspecific)
     Lampornis castaneoventris
     
     
425. White-eared Hummingbird  (*) (ph)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb
     Basilinna l. leucotis
     
     
     
     The White-eared Hummingbird is commonly seen 
     during FONT tours in the mountains of Guatemala. 
     
     
426. Garnet-throated Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr,jun,dec
     Lamprolaima rhami  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     
427. Green-crowned Brilliant (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan
     Heliodoxa jacula henryi
     
     
     
     A Green-crowned Brilliant in Costa Rica
       
     
428. Magnificent Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  PN:feb  (the subspecies in northern Central America, Mexico, & the southwest US, has been called the "Rivoli's Hummingbird")
     Eugenes fulgens spectabilis
     
     
429. Purple-crowned Fairy (*) ______  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,jul,aug
     Heliothryx barroti  (monotypic)
     
     
430. Plain-capped Starthroat (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,apr,jun
     Heliomaster c. constantii
     
     
431. Long-billed Starthroat (*) ______  CR  GU:mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Heliomaster l. longirostris
     
     
432. Slender Sheartail  (*) ______  GU:dec
     Doricha enicura  (monotypic)
     
     
433. Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  
     Tilmatura dupontii  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus)
     
     Another name for Tilmatura dupontii has been the Dupont's Hummingbird.
     
     
434. Magenta-throated Woodstar (nt) (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Calliphlox bryantae  (monotypic)
     
     
435. Ruby-throated Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:mar,apr,dec  HN:dec  PN:feb(rare)
     Archilochus colubris  (monotypic)
     
     
436. Broad-tailed Hummingbird  (*)  ______  GU:feb
     Selasphorus platycercus  (monotypic, as S. p. guatemalae now merged)
     
     
437. Scintillant Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Selasphorus scintilla  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     
     
     Scintillant Hummingbird (upper: male) (lower: female)
     (photos taken by Marie Gardner during a FONT tour in Costa Rica)   
     
     
438. Volcano Hummingbird (*) (ph) ______   CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:feb,mar  (red-gorgeted form in Costa Rica formerly considered a species: the "Cerise-throated Hummingbird", Selasphorus simoni)  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama) 
     Selasphorus flammula 
     Selasphorus f. flammula  (subspecies in Costa Rica, at Irazu & Turrialba volcanoes)
     Selasphorus flammula simoni  (subspecies in Costa Rica, at Poas & Barva volcanoes)
     Selasphorus flammula torridus  (subspecies in Costa Rica, in the Talamanca range)
     
     
     
     A male Volcano Hummingbird 
     photographed during a FONT tour
     
     
439. Glow-throated Hummingbird  (t3)  ______  PN:feb  (total range limited to Panama)
     Selasphorus ardens  (monotypic)
     
     
440. Wine-throated Hummingbird  (*) ______  GU:dec  
     Atthia e. ellioti 
     
     
     TROGONS
     
     
441. Resplendent Quetzal (nt) (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar
     Pharomachrus m. morcinno  (subspecies in Guatemala) 
     Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis  (subspecies in Costa Rica & Panama)
     
     
     
     Above: a male Resplendent Quetzal in Guatemala, 
     of the subspecies Pharomachus morcinno morcinno. 
     This quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala.
     Below: the feathers of a male Resplendent Quetzal, outside a nest hole.
     (photo below by the Virginia Woodhouse, during a FONT tour
      in Costa Rica in March 2012) 
     
     
     
     Below: a male Resplendent Quetzal in Costa Rica,
     of the subspecies Pharomachus morcinno costaricensis.
     
     
     
     
     
442. Slaty-tailed Trogon  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov  
     Trogon massena hoffmanni  
     
     Another name for Trogon massena has been the Massena Trogon.
     
     
     
     Above & below: Slaty-tailed Trogons
     (upper photo by Daniel Leon Cordero; lower photo by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
     
     
     
443. Lattice-tailed Trogon  (*) ______ N  (total range restricted to Costa Rica & western Panama)  
     Trogon clarthratus
     
     
444. Baird's Trogon  (nt) (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Trogon bairdii  (monotypic)  
     
     The Baird's Trogon is closely related to, and has been said by some to be conspecific with the White-tailed Trogon (below) of Panama and northern South America.
     Another name for the Baird's Trogon is "Vermilion-breasted Trogon".   
     
     
     
     A male Baird's Trogon photographed during a FONT tour
     in southern Costa Rica in March 2012
     (photo by Virginia Woodhouse) 
     
     
445. Black-headed Trogon  (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul  HN:feb,mar,dec  
     Trogon melanocephalus 
     
     The Black-headed Trogon has been considered conspecific with the Citreoline Trogon of Mexico.
     
     
     
     Black-headed Trogon
     (note the blue eye-ring)
     
     
446. Mountain Trogon  (*)  ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  
     Trogon mexicanus 
     
     Another name for Trogon mexicanus has been the Mexican Trogon.
     
     
447. Elegant Trogon  (*)  ______  CR:apr,dec/jan
     Trogon elegans lubricus
     
     The northernmost race of the Elegant Trogon, in Mexico and the southwest US, has been called Coppery-tailed Trogon.
     
     
448. Collared Trogon  (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar
     Trogon collaris puella
     Trogon collaris underwoodi  "Orange-bellied Trogon": range in Costa Rica & western Panama 
     
     
449. Black-throated Trogon (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Trogon rufus tenellus
     
     
450. Gartered Trogon (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul  HN:feb  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov   
     Trogon caligatus (formerly violaceus) concinnus
     
     The Gartered Trogon was part of the Violaceous Trogon of South America.
     
     
     
     Above: Gartered Trogon  (note the yellow eye-ring)
     Below: In a distant tree, a Gartered Trogon by a large wasp nest,
     where it was feeding on the insects.
     (Photo below by Virginia Woodhouse during the FONT tour 
      in southern Costa Rica in March 2012) 
     
     
     
     
     
451. White-tailed Trogon  (*)  ______  PN:feb,aug,nov  
     Trogon chlonurus  (monotypic)
     
     The White-tailed Trogon has been split from the Green-backed Trogon, Trogon viridis, of South America. 
     
     
452. Black-tailed Trogon  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul
     Trogon melanurus macroura
     
     
     KINGFISHERS
     
     
453. Ringed Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______   BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr,mayjun,jul,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) t. torquata
     
     
454. Belted Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______   BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,dec  HN:feb,dec  PN:nov
     Megaceryle (formerly Ceryle) alcyon  (monotypic)
     
     
455. Amazon Kingfisher (*) ______  BZ:feb  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct,nov
     Chloroceryle amazona  (now monotypic)
     
     
456. Green Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis
     
     
     
     Green Kingfisher
     (photo by Andy Smith)
     
     
457. American Pygmy Kingfisher (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:jan,mar,apr,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  PN:feb,aug
     Chloroceryle a. aenea
     
     
     
     An American Pygmy Kingfisher photographed during the FONT tour in Belize in April 2011  
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
458. Green-and-rufous Kingfisher  (*)  ______  PN:feb
     Chloroceryle inda
     
     
     MOTMOTS
     
     
459. Broad-billed Motmot (*) ______  CR:mar,dec/jan  PN:mar,aug,oct,nov
     Electron platyrhynchum minus
     
     
460. Turquoise-browed Motmot (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:apr,jun  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Eumomota superciliosa australis  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     
     Above & below: Turquoise-browed Motmots
     (Upper photo by Alan Brady, 
      lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse during a FONT tour 
      in northern Costa Rica in March 2012)
     
     
     
     
461. Rufous Motmot (*) ______  CR:mar  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Baryphthengus martii semirufus
     
     
462. Blue-diademed Motmot (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Momotus lessonii 
     
     The Blue-diademed Motmot was part of the former expanded Blue-crowned Motmot which has been split into 5 species in Central & South America. Now, the Blue-crowned Motmot is restricted to northeastern Mexico.
     
     The geographic range of the Blue-diademed Motmot is in eastern Mexico and most of Central America, south to western Panama. 
     
     Another name for Momotus lessonii is the Lesson's Motmot.
     
     
     
     Blue-diademed Motmot
     (photo by Marie Grenouillet) 
     
     
463. Whooping Motmot  (*) (ph)  ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct
     Momotus subrufescens
     
     The Whooping Motmot was part of the former expanded Blue-crowned Motmot which has been split into 5 species in Central & South America. Now, the Blue-crowned Motmot is restricted to northeastern Mexico. 
     
     The geographic range of the Whooping Motmot is from central & eastern Panama into northwestern South America to western Ecuador and northwestern Peru.
     
     Another name for Momotus subrufescens is the Tawny-bellied Motmot.
     
     
464. Russet-crowned Motmot  (*)  ______  GU:feb,apr,jun
     Momotus mexicanus castaneiceps
     
     
465. Keel-billed Motmot  ______
     Electron carinatum
     
     
466. Tody Motmot  (*)  ______  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:dec
     Hylomanes momotula
     
     
467. Blue-throated Motmot  (*)  ______  GU:apr,jun,jul,dec
     Aspatha gularis  (monotypic, and the single member of its genus) 
     
     
     JACAMARS
     
     
468. Rufous-tailed Jacamar (*) (ph) ______  BZ:apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul
     Galbula ruficauda melanogenia
     
     
     
     A Rufous- tailed Jacamar photographed during a FONT tour
       
     
469. Great Jacamar ______
     Jacamerops aureus  (the single member of its genus)
     
     
     PUFFBIRDS
     
     
470. White-necked Puffbird (*) ______  CR:feb,mar,apr,dec/jan
     Notharchus (formerly Bucco) hyperrynchus
     
     
471. Black-breasted Puffbird (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,aug,nov
     Notharchus pectoralis  (monotypic)
     
     
472. Pied Puffbird (*)  ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  PN:feb,jul,aug
     Notharchus (formerly Bucco) tectus subtectus
     
     
473. White-whiskered Puffbird (*)  ______  CR:feb,apr  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,aug,oct  (an alternate name would be "White-whiskered Softwing")
     Malacoptila panamensis fuliginosa
     
     
474. White-fronted Nunbird (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul
     Monasa morphoeus grandior
     
     
475. Lanceolated Monklet ______
     Micromonacha lanceolata
     
     
     BARBETS
     
     
476. Red-headed Barbet (*) (ph)  ______  CR:mar,dec/jan
     Eubucco bourcieri salvini
     
     
     
     Red-headed Barbet
     
     
477. Spot-crowned Barbet (*) ______  PN:aug,nov
     Capito maculicoronatus
      
     
478. Prong-billed Barbet (*) ______  CR:mar,apr,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica & western Panama)
     Semnornis frantzii  (monotypic)
     
     
     TOUCANS
     
     
479. "White-throated" Emerald Tocuanet  (*)  ______  GU:jan,feb,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb
     Aulacorhynchus prasinus virescens
     
     
480. "Blue-throated" Emerald Toucanet (*) (ph) ______  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  PN:feb,mar
     Aulacorhynchus prasinus caeruleogularis  (a distinct subspecies from the "White-throated" Emerald Toucanet of northern Central America)
     
     
     
     An Emerald Toucanet photographed during a FONT tour
     in Costa Rica  
     
     
481. Collared Aracari (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr.jun,jul  HN:feb,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Pteroglossus t. torquatus
     
     
     
     Collared Aracari
     (photo by Alan Brady)
     
     
482. Fiery-billed Aracari (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,dec
     Pteroglossus frantzii  (monotypic)
     
     The Fiery-billed Aracari was considered by some as conspecific with the Collared Aracari.  
     
     
     
     A Fiery-billed Aracari photographed during a FONT Costa Rica tour
      
     
483. Yellow-eared Toucanet ______
     Selenidera spectabilis
     
     
484. Keel-billed Toucan (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov  
     Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus
     
     An alternate name for Ramphastos sulfuratus is the "Rainbow-billed Toucan". 
     
     
     
     Keel-billed Toucans
     The species is the national bird of Belize.
     
     
     
     
485. Chestnut-mandibled Toucan (*) (ph)  ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul,dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,nov
     Ramphastos swainsonii
     
     The Chestnut-mandibled Toucan is now said to be part of the Black-mandibled Toucan of northern South America, Ramphastos ambiguus.
     An alternate name for the Chestnut-mandibled Toucan has been the "Swainson's Toucan". 
     
     
     WOODPECKERS
     
     
486. Olivaceous Piculet (*) ______  CR:jan,mar  PN:feb
     Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus
     
     
487. "Guatemalan" Northern Flicker  (*)  ______  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  HN:feb
     Colaptes auratus mexicanoides
     
     
488. Spot-breasted Woodpecker  (*)  ______  PN:jul
     Colaptes punctigula
     
     
489. Acorn Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:apr,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus
     
     
490. Black-cheeked Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb  CR:mar,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun  HN:dec  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Melanerpes pucherani  (formerly Centurus or Tripsurus pucherani)  (monotypic)
     
     
     
     Black-cheeked Woodpecker
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
491. Red-vented Woodpecker  ______  BZ:apr
     Melanerpes pygmaeus
     
     
492. Golden-fronted Woodpecker  (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:feb,mar,apr  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr,dec
     Melanerpes aurifrons  (formerly Centurus aurifrons)
     
     
493. Golden-naped Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar  (total range limited to Costa Rica and western Panama)
     Melanerpes c. chrysauchen  (formerly Tripsurus, then Centurus c. chrysauchen )
     
     
     
     Golden-naped Woodpecker
     (photographed by Alan Brady in Costa Rica)  
     
     
494. Hoffmann's Woodpecker (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  (total range from southern Honduras to Costa Rica)
     Melanerpes hoffmannii  (formerly Centurus hoffmannii)  (monotypic)
     
     
495. Red-crowned Woodpecker (*) ______  CR:jan,feb,mar,jul  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug,oct,nov
     Melanerpes r. rubricapillus  (formerly Centurus r. rubricapillus) 
     
     
496. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (*) (ph) ______  CR:dec/jan,mar  GU:feb,apr,dec
     Sphyrapicus varius  (monotypic)
     
     
497. Hairy Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  CR:feb,apr,jul,dec/jan  GU:feb,mar,apr,jun,dec  PN:feb,mar
     Picoides villosus sanctorum
     
     
498. Smoky-brown Woodpecker (*) ______  BZ:mar  CR:mar,jul,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul  PN:feb
     Picoides fumigatus sanguinolentus  (formerly Veniliornis fumigatus sanguinolentus)
     
     
499. Red-rumped Woodpecker ______  CR:mar
     Veniliornis kirkii
     
     
500. Golden-olive Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  BZ:feb,mar  CR:feb,mar,dec/jan  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec  HN:mar,apr  PN:feb
     Colaptes rubiginosus yucatanensis  (formerly Piculus rubiginosus yucatanensis)
     Colaptes rubiginosus maximus  (formerly Piculus rubiginosus maximus)  (subspecies in the highlands of Guatemala)
     
     
     
     Golden-olive Woodpecker
     (photo by Dick Tipton)
     
     
501. Rufous-winged Woodpecker (*) ______  CR:feb,dec/jan   (total range from eastern Honduras to western Panama) 
     Piculus simplex  (monotypic)
     
     The Rufous-winged Woodpecker is closely related to the Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker of Panama and the White-throated Woodpecker of South America.
     
     
502. Golden-green Woodpecker  (*) ______  PN:feb
     Piculus chrysochloros aurosus
     
     
503. Cinnamon Woodpecker (*) ______  CR:jul  PN:feb,mar,aug
     Celeus loricatus diversus
     
     
504. Chestnut-colored Woodpecker (*) ______  BZ:apr  CR  GU:jan,mar,apr,jun,jul,dec
     Celeus castaneus  (monotypic)
     
     
505. Lineated Woodpecker (*) (ph)  ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:jan,feb,mar,apr,jul,dec  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,mar,apr  PN:feb,oct,nov
     Dryocopus lineatus 
     Dryocopus lineatus similis  (subspecies in northwest Costa Rica)
     Dryocopus l. lineatus  (subspecies in most of Costa Rica) 
     
     
     
     Lineated Woodpecker
     
     
506. Crimson-crested Woodpecker  (*) ______  PN:feb,mar,jul,aug
     Campephilus melanoleucos malherbii
     
     
507. Pale-billed Woodpecker (*) (ph) ______  BZ:mar,apr  CR:feb,mar,apr,jul  GU:jan,feb,mar,apr,may,jun,jul,dec  HN:feb,apr 
     Campephilus g. guatemalensis
     
     Another name for Campephilus guatemalensis has been the "Flint-billed Woodpecker".
     
     
     
     A Pale-billed Woodpecker photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
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