Wildflowers 
and some other plants
of Eastern
North America
in the 
Mid-Atlantic 
Region

from Pennsylvania and New Jersey
to North Carolina

Part 1:
By Families alphabetically
from Acanthus to Iris
  

including plants seen during Focus On Nature Tours noted with an (*) 
during tours thru 2015 in the months of May, June, July, August, September, October

In this list, there are some notes relating to MEDICINAL, EDIBLE, & POISONOUS PLANTS.


The compilation of this two-part list of Plants of Eastern North America by Armas Hill 

Photo at upper right:  the BEARBERRY, in the Heath Family,
Photographed during a FONT tour  (photo by Gerin Hood)   


Among the sources for list here are the books:
"Wildflowers in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey", by Howard Boyd, published in 2001, 
"Wildflowers of Delaware and the Eastern Shore", by Claude Phillips, published in 1978.   
including those in Delaware, and parts of Maryland and Virginia. 
"Wildflowers of Pennsylvania", by Mary Joy Haywood and Phyllis Monk, published in 2001  
"Wildflowers in Color", by Arthur Stupka and Donald Robinson, published in 1965, 
referring to those in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, particularly in the Shenandoah and Great Smoky National Parks.  

More books used as informational sources follow here, after the codes. 


Among the Plant Families in this list, links to these:

Acanthus    Agave    Amaranth    Aralia (or Ginseng)    Arum (or Calla)    Balsam    Barberry 

Beech (incl. Oaks)    Bellflower (or Bluebell)    Bignonia    Birch    Bittersweet (or Staff-vine) 

Bladderwort (or Birthwort)    Bloodwort    Bogbean    Bogmoss    Borage (or Forget-me-not)     

Broomrape    Buckthorn    Bunchflower    Bur-reed    Buttercup (or Crowfoot)    Cactus    Caltrop    

Camellia (or Tea)    Cattail    Clubmoss    Custard-apple    Cypress    Cyrilla    Daisy (or Aster)    

Diapensia    Dogbane    Dogwood   Duckweed    Ebony    Elm    Evening Primrose (or Willow Herb)    

Ferns    Fig-marigold (or Carpetweed)    Figwort (or Snapdragon)    Flax    Flowering-rush    

Four o'clock    Fumitory (or Earthsmoke)    Gentian    Geranium   Gooseberry    Goosefoot    Gourd    

Grape    Grass    Greenbriar    Heath    Hemp    Holly    Honeysuckle    Hydrangea    

Hypoxis (or Daffodil)    Iris    

Families below in:    Wildflowers and Other Plants of Eastern North America, Mid-Atlantic, Part 2 

Knotweed (or Dock, Buckwheat, Smartweed)    Laurel    Legume (or Pea)    Lichen    Lily

Lizard's-tail    Logania    Loosestrife    Lopseed    Lotus    Madder    Magnolia    Mallow

Meadow-beauty    Milkweed   Milkwort    Mint    Morning Glory    Mulberry    Mustard    Nettle

Nightshade (or Potato)    Olive    Orchid    Palm    Parnssus-grass    Parsley (or Celery)

Passionflower    Phlox (or Polemonium)    Pickerelweed (or Water Hyacinth)    PIne    Pineapple

Pink (or Carnation)    Pipewort    Pitcher-plant    Plantain    Plumbago (or Sea Lavender)

Pokeweed    Pondweed    Poppy    Primrose    Purslane    Rockrose    Rose    Rue (or Citrus)

Sandalwood (with Mistletoe)    Saxifrage    Soapberry (incl. Maples)    Spiderwort    Spurge    

St. John's Wort    Stonecrop    Storax    Sumac (or Cashew)    Sundew    Sweetleaf    Sweetshrub    

Sycamore    Teasel    Valerian    Vervain    Violet    Walnut    Waterleaf    Water-lily    Water-milfoil

Water-plantain    Wax-myrtle    White Alder    Willow    Witch-hazel    Wood-sorrel    Yam

Yellow-eyed Grass   

AN ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY OF PLANT GENERA IN THIS WEBSITE NOTING FAMILIES

Additional Links:

Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours in:  

North Carolina, and Delaware, Maryland & Virginia     Elsewhere 

In this website, Other Lists & Photo Galleries of Eastern North American:

Butterflies     Moths     Dragonflies & Damselflies     Amphibians & Reptiles    Mammals

A List & Photo Gallery of North American Birds, in 6 parts    North Carolina Birds  

In this website, Other Lists & Photo Galleries relating to Plants: 

Desert Plants of the Southwest US & northern Mexico

Northern Plants in Alaska, Iceland, and Hokkaido, Japan  

Tropical Plants in the Americas  (in two parts, including the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America)

Plants of the West Indies     Fruiting Plants and Others in Brazil     Wild Orchids of the Americas  

Other Photo Galleries of Plants     Directory of Photos in this Website  

HERE'S A LINK TO CHAD KREMP'S WEBSITE RELATING TO POISONOUS PLANTS:

http://www.kremp.com/the-hikers-guide-to-poisonous-plants-articles.htm

Codes:

DP:   Delmarva Peninsula (including Delaware and parts of Maryland and Virginia)
NJ:    New Jersey, including in southern New Jersey, the Pine Barrens 
PA:   Pennsylvania
SA:   southern Appalachians (including in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and 
         the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina) 

(ph):  species with a photo or drawing in the FONT website


Numbers noted as (NA:xx) refer to photo numbers in the "National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region" - Revised Edition (2001). Revising author: John Thierer. Original author: William Niering 

Numbers noted as (NW:xx) refer to pages with photos in the "National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Wildflowers of North America" by David Brandenburg, 2010.

Numbers noted as (SP:xx) refer to the numbers of the photos in "The Smithsonian Guide to Seaside Plants of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts" by Wilbur and Marion Duncan, 1987.

Numbers noted as (ST:xx) refer to the page with an illustration in "The Sibley Guide to Trees" by David A. Sibley, 2009.

Numbers noted as (WP:xx) refer to the page with a photograph in the book "Wildflowers of Pennsylvania" by Mary Joy Haywood & Phyllis Monk, 2001. Overall, the photographs in that book are excellent. 

An enjoyable and informative book to read is "Wild Plants of America: A Select Guide for the Naturalist and Traveler" by Richard M. Smith, 1989.  
Among the places covered in the book, also included in the scope of this list, are the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the Southern Appalachians, the pinelands of North Carolina, and coastal North Carolina.
Some of the interesting information in the book has been incorporated into this list. Line drawings in the list are from that book.   

Another good book, filled with info and used here as a source, is "The Backyard Wilderness, from the Canadian Maritimes to the Florida Keys", by Vincent Abraitys, 1975.
A historical book, good as a reference, is "The Plants of Southern New Jersey: Report of the New Jersey State Museum Part 2", by Witmer Stone, 1911.
Among sources for info given here relating to the host plants of butterflies and moths are:
"Butterflies of the East Coast, an Observer's Guide", by Rick Cech and Guy Tudor, 2005, and
the "Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America" by David Beadle and Seabrook Leckie, 2012.   
The book "Wild America" by Roger Tory Peterson and James Fisher, 1955 is also referred to in this list.
And yet another fine book has been a good source of information: "The Appalachians" by Maurice Brooks, 1965.   
  

  

Part One of a List of Wildflowers and some Other Plants
of Eastern North America in the Mid-Atlantic Region:

Acanthus to Iris

       
        Acanthus Family, ACANTHACEAE  

1. Branched Foldwing  ______  (NW:46)
   Dicliptera resupinata 
   
   
2. American Water Willow  ______  (NA:603) (NW:46) (WP:257)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct.
   Justicia americana
   
   
3. Carolina Ruellia  _____  (NW:47)  NJ
   Ruellia caroliniensis
   
   Another name for Ruellia caroliniensis is Carolina Petunia. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
   
   
4. Fringe-leaf Ruellia  ______  (NW:47)  SA
   Ruellia humilis
   
   
5. Smooth Ruellia  ______  (NW:47) (WP:256)  NJ  PA  May-Jul.
   Ruellia strepens
   
   Other names for Ruellia strepens are Limestone Ruellia, or Limestone Petunia.
   
   
   Agave Family, AGAVACEAE
   
   Plants in the Yucca genus were included in the Lily Family, LILIACEAE.
   
   
6. Spanish-bayonet  ______  (SP:431)  NC  Generally common, north to NC. May-Jul.
   Yucca aloifolia 
   
   
7. Adam's Needle  ______  (NA:136)  SA  Occasional, north to VA. Apr-Sep.
   Yucca filamentosa 
   
   Another name for Yucca filamentosa is Silkgrass.
   
   
8. Beargrass  ______  (SP:432)  DP  Occasional, north to MA. Apr-Sep.
   Yucca flaccida (or smalliana)  (or part of Yucca filamentosa) 
   
   
9. Mound-lily Yucca  ______  (SP:430)  NC  Generally common, north to NC. Aug-Nov.
   Yucca gloriosa
   
   
   Amaranth Family, AMARANTHACEAE
   
   
10. Water-hemp  ______  (SP:23)  Generally common, FL to ME, common in north, rare in south, Jul-first frost.
    Acnida (or Amaranthus) cannabina
    
    
11. Alligator-weed  ______  (NW:564) (SP:25)  north to sVA, Apr-first frost.
    Alternanthera philoxeroides
    
    
    ***********************************************************
    
    Regarding species that follow below in the genus Amaranthus: 
    
    Though regarded as common weeds, Amaranthus species produce tremendous amounts of seed-like fruits, which are an important food source for many songbirds.
    
    
12. Seabeach Amaranth  _____ (SP:22)  NJ  Occasional, from SC north to RI, Jun-first frost.
    Amaranthus pumilus
    
    In New Jersey, the Seabeach Amaranth is classified as endangered. Federally, it is classified as threatened.
    
    
13. Red-root Amaranth  ______  (NA:22)  NJ  (not native to eastern North America, from tropical America)
    Amaranthus retroflexus
    
    Other names for Amaranthus retroflexus are Green Amaranth and Pigweed.
    
    
14. Thorny Pigweed  ______  (NA:23)
    Amaranthus spinosus  
    
    
15. Florida Cottonweed  ______  (NW:53) (SP:24)  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia, Jun-Oct.
    Froelichia floridana 
    
    Another name for Froelichia floridana is Snake-Cotton.
    
    
16. Iresine  ______  (NW:53) (SP:26)  Occasional, north to MD, Aug-first frost
    Iresine rhizomatosa 
    
    Another name for Iresine rhizomatosa is Juda's Bush.
    
    
    Aralia, or Ginseng Family, ARALIACEAE
    
    
17. Bristly Sarsaparilla  ______  (NW:77) (WP:183)  NJ  PA  Jun-Aug.
    Aralia hispida
    
    
18. Wild Sarsaparilla  ______  (NA:169) (NW:77) (SP:145) (WP:184)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, nVA north to Newfoundland, May-Jul. 
    Aralia nudicaulis 
    
    
19. American Spikenard  ______  (NW:77) (WP:184)  DP  PA  Jun-Aug.
    Aralia racemosa
    
    
20. Hercules'-club  ______  (SP:543)  Occasional, north to MD. Jun-Sep.
    Aralia spinosa
    
    Another name for Aralia spinosa is Devil's-walking-stick.
    
    
21. American Ginseng  ______  (NA:429) (NW:76) (WP:185)  DP  NJ  PA  Jul-Aug.
    Panax quinquefolius
    
    
22. Dwarf Ginseng  (ph)  ______  (NA:171) (NW:76) (WP:185)  DP  PA  Apr-Jun.
    Panax tripholius 
    
    
    
    Dwarf Ginseng
    
    
    Arum, or Calla, or Sweet Flag Family, ARACEAE
    
    
23. Sweetflag  (or Calamus)   ______  (WP:325)  DP  PA  May-Aug.
    Acorus calamus
    
    
24. Green Dragon  ______  (NA:333) (NW:75) (WP:327)  DP  PA  May-Jun.
    Arisaema dracontinum  
    
    
25. Jack-in-the-Pulpit  ______  (NA:381) (NW:75) (WP:326)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
    Arisaema triphyllum
    Arisaema triphyllum stewardsonii  ______  Northern Jack-in-the-Pulpit :  subspecies in NJ 
    
    Another name for Arisaema triphyllum is Indian Turnip.
    
    
26. Water Arum  (or Wild Calla)  ______  (NA:331)  South to MD
    Calla palustris
    
    
27. Golden Club  ______  (NW:74) (WP:328)  DP  NJs  PA  Apr-Jun.
    Orontium aquaticum
    
    
28. White Arrow Arum  ______  (NW:74)
    Peltandra sagittifolia
    
    
29. Arrow Arum  ______  (NW:74) (WP:329)  DP  PA  May-Jul.
    Peltandra virginica
    
    Another name for Peltandra virginica is Tuckahoe. 
    
    
30. Skunk-cabbage  (ph)  ______  (NA:391) (NW:75) (WP:330)  DP  NJ  PA  Feb-Apr.
    Symplocarpus foetidus 
    
    
    
    Above & below: Skunk-cabbage
    (photo below by Rise Hill)
    
    
    
    
    
    Balsam, or Touch-me-not Family, BALSAMINACEAE
    
    
31. Orange Touch-me-not  ______  (NA:365) (NW:153) (SP:113) (WP:182)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland, Jun-first frost.
    Impatiens capensis
    
    Another name for Impatiens capensis is Orange Jewelweed. It is also called the Spotted Touch-me-not.
    
    
32. Yellow Touch-me-not  ______   (NA:305) (NW:153) (WP:181)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.
    Impatiens pallida
    
    Other names for Impatiens pallida are Pale Jewelweed and Yellow Jewelweed.
    
    
    Barberry Family, BERBERIDACEAE
    
    
33. Common Barberry  ______  (NA:345)
    Berberis vulgaris
    
    
34. Blue Cohosh  ______  (NA:2) (NW:154) (WP:37)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
    Caulophyllum thalictroides
    
    
35. Umbrella-leaf  ______  (NW:155)  SA
    Diphylleta cymosa
    
    
36. Twinleaf  ______  (NA:66) (NW:155) (WP:38)  NJ  PA  Apr-May.
    Jeffersonia diphylla
    
    Jeffersonia diphylia is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
37. Common Mayapple  ______  (NA:67) (NW:156) (WP:36)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
    Podophyllum peltatum
    
    Another name for Podophyllum peltatum is Mandrake. 
    
    
    Beech Family, FAGACEAE
    
    
38. American Chestnut  (ph)  ______  (ST:175)
    Castanea dentata
    
    Before about 1930, the American Chestnut was a common forest tree in eastern North America. Its edible nuts were consumed by both wildlife and humans. The tree was also useful for lumber as it had a strong, yet light, rot-resistant wood.
    But around that time, the Chestnut blight, a fungal disease introduced into New York from Asia, quickly spread and destroyed virtually all of the mature chestnut trees.
    Thus, sadly, it has disappeared as a large tree. It grew to a height of 100 feet, or more.
    Infected trees continued to sprout from roots as a fairly common understory shrub or small tree.
    Efforts to develop a blight-resistant strain of the American Chestnut, mostly through hybridization with the Chinese Chestnut, Castanea mollissima, have had some positive results. 
    
    
    
    Leaves of resprouts of the American Chestnut, in northeastern Pennsylvania
    in May 2015   (photo by Rise Hill)
    It is very small but on the stem there is a little white caterpillar, looping as it goes along.
    (also in the insert below)   
    
    
    
    
    The American Chestnut is a host plant for the caterpillars of these moths and butterflies, among others:
    Early Button Slug, Tortricidia testacea 
    Red-eyed Button Slug, Heterogenea shurtleffi
    Yellow-shouldered Slug, Lithacodes fasciola  
    Skiff Moth, Prolimacodes badia
    Double-lined Gray Moth, Cleora sublunaria
    Small Phigalia, Phigalia strigataria 
    Hollow-spotted Plagodis, Plagodis alcoolaria
    Filament Bearer, Nematocampa resistaria
    Wavy-lined Emerald Moth, or Camouflaged Looper, Synchlora aerata
    Common Tan Wave. Pleuroprucha insulsaria
    Orange-striped Oakworm, Anisota senatoria
    Blinded Sphinx, Paonias excaecatus 
    
    
39. Allegheny Chinquapin  ______  (SP:455) (ST:176)  NJ  Occasional, north coastally to sVA, inland to PA.
    Castanea pumila  (var. ashei) 
    
    Castanea pumila is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
40. American Beech  ______  (SP:454) (ST:173)  Occasional, VA north to Nova Scotia.
    Fagus grandifolia
    
    
    Oaks, in the genus Quercus (below), are host plants for the moth Acronicta afflicta, the Afflicted Dagger.  
    
    
41. Eastern White Oak  ______  (SP:466) (ST:206)  Occasional, north to ME & Quebec.
    Quercus alba 
    
    The White Oak is a host plant for the butterflies: Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak, Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.  
    
    
42. Swamp White Oak  (or Swamp Oak)  ______  (ST:208)
    Querus bicolor
    
    As of 2007, the largest known Swamp White Oak in the US has been in Franklin Township, New Jersey.
    Its circumference: 272 inches. Its height: 97 feet.
    
    
43. Scarlet Oak  ______  (SP:458) (ST:187)  Occasional, north to ME.
    Quercus coccinea
    
    The Scarlet Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak.
    
    The Scarlet Oak (as its name implies) is one of the oak trees known for its brilliant fall coloration. 
    Others with bright red leaves in the fall include the Northern Red Oak and Pin Oak (both below).   
    
    As of 2012, the largest known Scarlet Oak in the US has been in Mercer County, New Jersey.
    Its circumference: 201 inches. Height: 128 feet. 
    
    
44. Southern Red Oak   ______  (SP:460) (ST:189)  Generally common, north to NY.
    Quercus falcata
    
    Another name for Quercus falcata is Spanish Oak.
    
    
45. Sand Live Oak  ______  (ST:223)  NC
    Quercus geminata
    
    
46. Darlington Oak  ______  (ST:194)  Generally common, north to VA.
    Quercus hemisphaerica
    
    Quercus hemisphaerica has been called the Laurel Oak. It was part of the Swamp Laurel Oak (below).
    
    As of 2012, the largest known Darlington Oak in the US has been in Richmond, Virginia.
    Its circumference: 261 inches. Height: 76 feet. 
    
    
47. Bear Oak  ______  (SP:462) (ST:192)  NJs  Generally common, NJ north to ME.
    Quercus ilicifolia
    
    Another name for Quercus ilicifolia is Scrub Oak. It is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium edwardsii, the Edward's Hairstreak.
    
    
48. Shingle Oak  ______  (ST:197)  NJ
    Quercus imbricaria  
    
    Quercus imbricaria is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
49. Bluejack Oak  ______  (SP:465) (ST:198)  Occasional, north to sVA.
    Quercus incana (or cinerea)
    
    The Bluejack Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.
    
    
50. American Turkey Oak  ______  (SP:461) (ST:191)  NC  Occasional, north to NC.
    Quercus laevis
    
    The American Turkey Oak is a host plant for the butterfly, Satyrium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak. 
    
    
51. Swamp Laurel Oak  ______  (SP:464) (ST:194)  Occasional, north to VA.
    Quercus laurifolia
    
    Quercus laurifolia has also been called the Diamond-leaved Oak. It is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak.
    
    
52. Overcup Oak  ______  (ST:207)  NC  NJ
    Quercus lyrata
    
    Quercus lyrata is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
53. Sand Post Oak  ______  (ST:213)  NC
    Quercus margarettae
    
    
54. Blackjack Oak  ______  (SP:457) (ST:193)  NJ  Generally common, north to PA & NJ.
    Quercus marilandica
    
    
55. Basket Oak  ______  (ST:207)  NJ
    Quercus michauxii  (was Quercus prinus)
    
    Another name for Quercus michauxii is Swamp Chestnut Oak.
    
    As of 2009, a record for the largest known Basket Oak in the US has been in Kent County, Maryland.
    Its circumference: 294 inches. Its height: 106 feet.
    
    
56. Chestnut Oak  ______  (ST:210)
    Quercus montana  (was Quercus prinus)
    
    The Chestnut Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium calanus, the Banded Hairstreak.
    
    As of 2003, a record for the largest known Chestnut Oak in the US has been in Arnold County, Maryland.
    Its circumference: 282 inches. Height: 99 feet.
    With another in 2012 in Washington DC with a circumference: 276 inches. But with a height of 105 feet. 
    
    
57. Common Chinkapin Oak  ______  (ST:210)  NJ
    Quercus muehlenbergii
    
    Another name for Quercus muehlenbergii is Yellow Oak.
    
    
58. Water Oak  ______  (SP:456) (ST:196)  NJ  Generally common, north to DE.
    Quercus nigra
    
    Quercus nigra is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
59. Cherrybark Oak  ______  (ST:189)  NC
    Quercus pagoda 
    
    Other names for Quercus pagoda are Pagoda Oak or Swamp Red Oak.
    
    
60. Pin Oak  ______  (ST:186)
    Quercus palustris
    
    
61. Willow Oak  ______  (ST:195)
    Quercus phellos
    
    As of 2007, a record for the largest known Willow Oak in the US has been in Chesapeake, Virginia.
    Its circumference: 301 inches. Height: 131 feet.
    In 2013, in Eastville, Virginia another with a circumference : 328 inches. Height: 105 feet.  
    
    
62. Northern Red Oak  ______  (ST:184)  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia.
    Quercus rubra
    
    
63. Shumard Oak  ______  (ST:188)  NC
    Quercus shumardii
    
    Other names for Quercus shumardii are Leopard Oak or Spotted Oak. 
    
    
64. Common Post Oak  ______  (SP:467) (ST:212)  NJs  Generally common, north to PA & NJ.
    Quercus stellata
    
    The Post Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium favonius, the (Northern) Oak Hairstreak.  
    
    
65. Eastern Black Oak  ______  (SP:459) (ST:185)  Generally common, north to ME.
    Quercus velutina
    
    The Eastern Black Oak is a host plant for the butterfly Satryium edwardsii, the Edwards' Hairstreak.
    
    
    Bellflower, or Bluebell Family, CAMPANULACEAE  
    
    CAMPANULACEAE includes what was LOBELIACEAE, the LOBELIA FAMILY
    
    
66. Tall Bellflower  ______  (WP:262)  PA  SA  Jun-Aug.
    Campanula americana
    
    
67. Bedstraw Bellflower  ______  (NW:185)  DP
    Campanula aparinoides
    
    Another name for Campanula aparinoides is Marsh Bellflower.
    
    
68. Southern Harebell  ______  (NW:184)  SA
    Campanula divaricata
    
    
69. Clustered Bellflower  ______  (WP:262)  PA  Jun-Jul.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
    Campanula glomerata
    
    
70. Creeping Bellflower  ______  (NW:576) (WP:263)  PA  Jul-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
    Campanula rapunculoides
    
    
71. Harebell  ______  (NA:622) (NW:184) (WP:261)  PA  Jun-Sep.
    Campanula rotundifolia
    
    Campanula rotundifolia is also called Bluebell.
    
    
72. Tall Bellflower  ______  (NA:627) (NW:185)
    Campanulastrum americanum
    
    Another name for Campanulastrum americanum is American Bellflower.
    
    
73. Boykin's Lobelia  ______  NJ
    Lobelia boykinii
    
    Lobelia boykinii is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
    
    
74. Canby's Lobelia  ______  NJ
    Lobelia canbyi
    
    
75. Cardinal Flower  (ph)  ______  (NA:413) (NW:187) (SP:238) (WP:263)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, north to New Brunswick. Jul-Oct.
    Lobelia cardinalis
    
    The Cardinal Flower is a favorite of hummingbirds.
    
    
    
    Above: Cardinal Flower  (photo by Rise Hill)
    Below: the Ruby-throated Hummingbird,
    a species attracted to Lobelia cardinalis
    (photo below by Marie Gardner)   
    
    
    
    
    
76. Water Lobelia  ______  (NW:187)  NJ
    Lobelia dortmanna
    
    Lobelia dortmanna is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
    
    
77. Long-leaved Lobelia  ______  (SP:239)  DP  Occasional, north to DE. Aug-Oct.
    Lobelia elongata
    
    Another name for Lobelia elongata is Purple Lobelia.
    
    
78. Indian Tobacco  ______  (NA:584) (WP:264)  DP  PA  Jul-Oct.
    Lobelia inflata
    
    
79. Brook Lobelia  ______  (NW:187) (WP:264)  PA  Jul-Sep.
    Lobelia kalmii
    
    Lobelia kalmii is also called Kalm's Lobelia.
    
    
80. Nuttall's Lobelia  ______  DP  NJs  Rare, north to NY. May-first frost.
    Lobelia nuttallii
    
    
81. Downy Lobelia  ______  (NW:187)  DP
    Lobelia puberula
    
    Another name for Lobelia puberula is the Purple Dewdrop.
    
    
82. Great Lobelia  ______  (NA:628) (NW:187) (WP:261)  DP  PA  SA  Aug-Sep.
    Lobelia siphilitica
    
    
83. Pale-spiked Lobelia  ______  (NA:582) (NW:187) (WP:265)  DP  PA  Jun-Sep.
    Lobelia spicata  (var. campanulata)  
    
    Lobelia spicata is also called Spiked Lobelia. 
    
    
84. Specularia (or Triodanis) biflora  ______  Rare, north to sVA. Mar-Jun.
    
    
85. Venus' Looking-glass  ______  (NA:610) (NW:186) (SP:237) (WP:265)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, north to ME. Apr-Jul. 
    Specularia (or Triodanis) perfoliata (var. biflora)  (was Specularia speculum-veneris)
    
    MEDICINAL USE: 
    
    American native people (the Cherokee) steeped the roots of Venus' Looking-glass with pasts of other plants and drank it for indigestion.
    
    
    Bignonia, or Trumpet Creeper Family, BIGNONIACEAE
    
    
86. Cross-vine  ______  (NW:156) (SP:576)  SA  Occasional, north to VA. Mar-May.
    Bignonia (or Anisostichus) capreolata
    
    
87. Trumpet Creeper  (ph)  ______  (NA:422) (NW:156) (SP:577) (WP:258)  PA  Generally common, north to NJ. May-Oct.
    Campsis radicans
    
    Campis radicans is also called Trumpet-vine. Another name is Devil's Shoestrings. 
    
    
    
    Trumpet Creeper
    (photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    Birch Family, BETULACEAE
    
    
88. Seaside Alder  ______  (ST:164)  Rare, MD and sDE.
    Alnus maritima
    
    Another name for Alnus maritima is Brook Alder.
    
    
89. Speckled Alder  ______  (ST:162)  Occasional, north to Newfoundland.
    Alnus incana (or rugosa)
    
    Alders (in the genus Alnus) are the main host plants for the butterfly Feniseca tarquinius, the Harvester.
    Females of the butterfly lay their eggs alongside a Wooly Aphid colony.   
    
    
90. Smooth Alder  ______  (ST:159)  Generally common, north to New Brunswick.
    Alnus serrulata
    
    
    Various birches (in the genus below, Betula) are host plants for the butterfly Limenitis arthemis astyanax, the Red-spotted Purple.
    
    
91. Yellow Birch  ______  (ST:156)  PA
    Betula alleghaniensis
    
    
92. Heartleaf Birch  ______  (ST:152)  PA
    Betula cordifolia 
    
    
93. Sweet Birch  ______  (ST:157)  PA
    Betula lenta
    
    
94. River Birch  ______  (ST:158)  Occasional, north to MA.
    Betula nigra
    
    
95. Gray Birch  ______  (ST:153)  NJ  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia.
    Betula populifolia
    
    As of 2007, a record for the largest known Gray Birch in the US has been in Middle Township, Cape May County, New Jersey. 
    Its circumference: 95 inches. Height: 48 feet. 
    
    
96. American Hornbeam  ______  (ST:169)
    Carpinus caroliniana
    
    The American Hornbeam is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium liparops, the Striped Hairstreak.  
     
    
97. American Hazelnut  ______  (SP:450)  Rare, north to MA.
    Corylus americana
    
    
98. Beaked Hazelnut  ______  (ST:170)  Rare, north to Newfoundland.
    Corylus cornuta
    
    
99. Eastern Hophornbeam  (*)  ______  (SP:449) (ST:167)  PA  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia.
    Ostrya virginiana
    
    
    Bittersweet, or Staff-vine Family, CELESTRACEAE
    
    
100. Climbing Bittersweet  ______  (WP:167)  PA  May-Jun.
     Celastrus scandens
     
     Celastrus acandens is also called American Bittersweet.
     
     
101. Strawberry-bush  ______  SA
     Euonymus americanus
     
     
102. Running Strawberry-bush  ______  (WP:168)  PA  May-Jun.
     Euonymus obovatus
     
     
     Bladderwort, or Birthwort Family, ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
     
     ARISTOLOCHIACEAE has been called the DUTCHMAN'S PIPE FAMILY.
     
     
103. Dutchman's Pipe  (ph)  ______  (NA:376) (NW:78)  PA(rare)  SA
     Aristolochia durior
     
     
     
     When this drawing was made, the Dutchman's Pipe was Aristolochia macrophylla.
     
     
104. Virginia Snakeroot  (or Birthwort)  ______  (WP:14)  NJ  PA  May-Jun.
     Aristolochia serpentaria
     
     
105. Canada Wild Ginger  (ph)  ______  (NA:373) (NW:78) (WP:13)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-May.
     Asarum canadense
     
     
     
     Canada Wild Ginger
     
     
106. Arrowhead Heartleaf  ______  (NW:77)
     Hexastylis arifolia
     
     Another name for Hexastylis arifolia is Little-brown-jug. 
     
     
107. Virginia Heartleaf  ______  (NW:77)
     Hexastylis virginica
     
     
108. Two-flowered Bladderwort  ______  DP  NJ  Rare, north to MA. Jun-Oct. 
     Utricularia biflora
     
     Utricularia biflora is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
109. Horned Bladderwort  ______  (NA:342) (WP:260)  DP  NJ  PA  Jun-Sep.
     Utricularia cornuta
     
     
110. Fibrous Bladderwort  ______  NJs
     Utricularia fibrosa
     
     
111. Humped Bladderwort  ______  DP  NJ
     Utricularia gibba
     
     
112. Swollen Bladderwort  (ph)  ______  (NA:341) (SP:220)  DP  NJ  Rare. north to NY. Feb-Nov.
     Utricularia inflata
     
     Utricularia inflata is also called Floating Bladderwort.
     
     
     
     Swollen, or Floating Bladderwort
     
     
113. Rush Bladderwort  ______  DP
     Utricularia juncea
     
     
114. Purple Bladderwort  ______  (SP:222) (WP:260)  DP  NJ  PA  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Oct.
     Utricularia purpurea
     
     
115. Small Swollen Bladderwort  ______  NJ  Rare, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Nov.
     Utricularia radiata 
     
     
116. Reversed Bladderwort  (or Reclined Bladderwort)  ______  DP  NJ
     Utricularia resupinata
     
     Another name for Utricularia resupinata is Horned Purple Bladderwort. 
     In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered. 
     
     
117. Wiry Bladderwort  ______  (SP:221)  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Sep.
     Utricularia subulata
     
     
118. Common Bladderwort  ______  (WP:259)  DP  PA  May-Sep.
     Utricularia vulgaris  (or macrorhiza)
     
     
     Bloodwort Family, NARTHECIACEAE
     
     
119. Red-root  ______  NJ
     Lachnanthes caroliniana  (or tinctoria)
     
     
120. Golden-crest  ______  NJ
     Lophiola aurea
     
     
     Bogbean, or Buckbean Family, MENYANTHACEAE
     
     
121. Buck-bean  ______  (NA:212) (NW:348) (WP:210)  NJ  PA  Apr-Jul.
     Menyanthes trifoliata
     
     Menyanthes trifoliata is also called Bog-bean.
     
     
122. Big Floating-heart  ______  (NA:205) (NW:349) (SP:167)  DP  Occasional, north to sNJ. Apr-Sep.
     Nymphoides aquatica
     
     Nymphoides aquatica is called the Banana Plant, due to its banana-shaped roots.
     
     
123. Little Floating-heart  ______  (NW:349)  NJ  Rare, NJ north to Newfoundland. Apr-Sep. 
     Nymphoides cordata 
     
     
     Bogmoss or Mayaca Family, MAYACACEAE
     
     
124. Bogmoss  ______  (NW:347)  NC
     Mayaca fluviatilis 
     
     
     Borage Family, BORAGINACEAE 
     
     BORAGINACEAE has also been called the FORGET-ME-NOT FAMILY.
     
     
125. Hound's Tongue  ______  (NW:572) (WP:218)  PA  May-Jul.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia 
     Cynoglossum officinale
     
     Another name for Cynoglossum officinale is Beggar's Lice.
     
     
126. Wild Comfrey  ______  (NW:158)  DP  NJ
     Cynoglossum virginianum
     Cynoglossum virginianum  (var. boreale)  ______  Northern Wild Comfrey: NJ where classified as endangered.
     Cynoglossum virginianum  (var. virginianum)  ______  NJ
     
     
127. Viper's Bugloss  ______  (NW:573) (WP:218)  PA  SA  Jun-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Echium vulgare
     
     Another name for Echium vulgare is Blueweed.
     
     
128. Virginia Stickseed  ______  (NW:159)  DP
     Hackelia virginiana
     
     
129. Marsh Heliotrope  ______  (NW:163) (SP:185)  Generally common, north to DE. May-Oct.
     Heliotropium curassavicum
     
     Other names for Heliotropium curassavicum are Salt Heliotrope and Seaside Heliotrope.
     
     
130. Corn Gromwell  ______  (WP:219)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe) 
     Lithospermum arvense
     
     
131. Hoary Puccoon  ______  (NA:360) (NW:161) (WP:219)  NJ  PA  May-Jul.
     Lithospermum canescens
     
     "Puccoon" is a Native American word for a number of plants that yield dyes.
     
     
132. Similar to Lithospermum canescens is Lithospermum caroliniense  ______  PA
     
     
133. Virginia Bluebells  ______  (NA:522) (NW:162) (WP:220)  DP  NJ  PA  Mar-May.
     Mertensia virginica
     
     Another name for Mertensia virginica is Virginia Cowslip.
     
     
134. Small Forget-me-not  ______  (NW:158)  DP
     Myosotis laxa
     
     
135. Bristly White Forget-me-not  ______  DP
     Myosotis macrosperma
     
     
136. Blue Mist Forget-me-not  ______  DP
     Myosotis micrantha
     
     
137. True Forget-me-not  ______  (NA:635) (WP:217)  DP  PA  May-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Myosotis scorpioides
     
     
138. White Forget-me-not  ______  (NW:159)  DP  NJ
     Myosotis verna
     
     Another name for Myosotis verna is Spring Forget-me-not.
     
     
139. Pale Forget-me-not  ______  DP
     Myosotis versicolor 
     
     
140. Virginia Marbleseed  ______  (NW:162)
     Onosmodium bejariense
     
     
     Broomrape Family, OROBANCHACEAE
     
     
141. Squaw-root  ______  (NA:329) (NW:395) (WP:255)  DP  PA  SA  May-Jun.
     Conopholis americana
     
     Squaw-root is parasitic on the roots of oaks.
     
     
142. Beech-drops  ______  (NA:378) (NW:396) (WP:255)  DP  PA  SA  Aug-Oct.
     Epifagus virginiana
     
     Beech-drops is parasitic on the roots of beech.
     
     
143. Clover Broomrape  ______  DP
     Orobanche minor
     
     
144. Naked Broomrape  ______  (NA:95) (NW:395) (WP:254)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Orobanche uniflora  
     
     Other names for Orobanche uniflora are One-flowered Broomrape or Cancer-root.
     
     
     Buckthorn Family, RHAMNACEAE
     
     
145. Rattan-vine  ______  (SP:527)  Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Apr-May.
     Berchemia scandens
     
     Another name for Berchemia scandens in Supple-jack.
     
     
146. New Jersey Tea  ______  (NA:172) (NW:470) (WP:170)  PA  SA  May-Sep.
     Ceanothus americanus
     
     
     Bunchflower Family, TOFIELDIA 
     
     has been included in LILIACEAE
     
     
147. Coastal False Asphodel  ______  (NW:298)  NJ (rare)
     Tofieldia racemosa
     
     Another name for Tofieldia racemosa is Viscid Asphodel. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
     Bur-reed Family, SPARGANIACEAE
     
     
148. American Bur-reed  ______  (NA:36) (NW:550) (WP:333)  PA  May-Aug.
     Sparganium americanum
     
     
149. Giant Bur-reed  ______  (NW:550)
     Sparganium eurycarpum   
     
     
     Buttercup, or Crowfoot Family, RANUNCULACEAE
     
     
150. White Monkshood  ______  (NW:467)  SA  
     Aconitum reclinatum
     
     Monkshoods are also called Aconites and Wolfbanes. By whatever name, they are poisonous.
     They should not be confused with Larkspurs (below), which have flowers spurred, not hooded. 
     
     
151. Southern Blue Monkshood  ______  (NA:593) (NW:467) (WP:20)  PA  SA  Aug-Oct.
     Aconitum uncinatum
     
     
152. Red Baneberry  ______  (NA:114)  
     Actaea rubra 
     
     
153. White Baneberry  ______  (NA:112) (NW:454) (WP:21)  PA  SA  May-Jun.
     Actaea pachypoda  (or Actaea alba)
     
     Another name for Actaea pachypoda is Doll's Eyes.
     
     
154. Round-lobed Hepatica  ______  (NA:452)
     Anemone americana 
     
     
155. Canada Anemone  ______  (NW:458)  NJ
     Anemone canadensis
     
     
156. Long-head Anemone  ______  NJ
     Anemone cylindrica
     
     Anemone cylindrica is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
157. Wood Anemone  ______  (NA:46) (NW:459) (WP:23)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Anemone quinquefolia
     
     Another name for Anemone quinquefolia is Windflower.
     
     
158. Tall Anemone  ______  (NA:48) (NW:459) (WP:23)  DP  NJ  PA  Jul-Aug.
     Anemone virginiana
     Anemone virginiana (var. alba)  ______  Riverbank  Anemone:  NJ
     
     Another name for Anemone virginiana is Thimbleweed.
     
     
159. Rue-anemone  ______  (NW:456) (WP:33)  DP  PA  SA  Mar-May.
     Anemonella (or Thalictrum) thalictroides
     
     Rue-anemone is sometimes included in Thalictrum (below), but species in that genus do not have flowers in umbrels.
     
     
160. Eastern Red Columbine  (ph)  ______  (NA:404) (NW:468) (WP:24)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jul.
     Aquilegia canadensis
     
     Aquilegia canadensis has also been called Canadian Columbine, or simply Wild Columbine. 
     
     
     
     Along the side of a road, Eastern Red Columbine
     (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     The Eastern Red Columbine is one of the many larval food plants of the butterfly Celastrina agriolus, the Spring Azure. 
     
     
     
     Butterflies Celastrina agriolus, Spring Azures,
     photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Doris Potter)
     
     
161. Yellow Marsh-marigold  (ph)  ______  (NA:251) (NW:463) (WP:24)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Caltha palustris
     
     Another name for Caltha palustris is Cowslip. 
     
     
     
     A Yellow Marsh-marigold photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Gerin Hood)
     
     
162. Mountain Bugbane  ______  (NW:455)  SA
     Cimicifuga americana
     
     Cimicifuga americana is also called American Bugbane.
     
     
163. Black Snakeroot  ______  (NA:127) (NW:455) (WP:25)  PA  SA  Jun-Sep.
     Cimicifuga racemosa
     
     Another name for Cimicifuga racemosa is Black Cohosh.
     
     
164. Swamp Leather-flower  ______  (NW:462)
     Clematis crispa
     
     
165. Purple Clematis  ______  (NW:461) (WP:25)  NJ  PA  May-Jun.
     Clematis occidentalis  (var. occidentalis)
     
     Another name for Clematis occidentalis is Purple Virgin's Bower. 
     
     
166. Curlyheads  ______  (NW:462)
     Clematis ochroleuca
     
     
167. Leather-flower  ______  (NW:462) (WP:26)  PA(rare)  SA  May-Aug.
     Clematis viorna
     
     
168. Virgin's Bower  ______  (NA:211) (NW:461) (WP:27)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Clematis virginiana
     
     Another name for Clematis virginiana is Old Man's Beard.
     
     
169. Goldthread  ______  (NA:58) (NW:455) (WP:27)  PA  May-Jul.
     Coptis trifolia groenlandica
     
     
170. Garden Larkspur  ______  DP
     Delphinium ajacis 
     
     
171. Dwarf Larkspur  ______  (NA:583) (NW:467)
     Delphinium tricorne
     
     Another name for Delphinium tricorne is Spring Larkspur.
     
     
172. Sharp-lobed Hepatica  ______  (NW:458)  SA
     Hepatica acutiloba
     
     Hepatica species are also called Liverleaves. They are sometimes included in the genus Anemone (above).
     
     
173. Round-lobed Hepatica  ______  (NW:458) (WP:29)  DP  PA  SA  Mar-May.
     Hepatica americana  (or Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa)
     
     As just noted above, Hepatica americana is also called Round-lobed Liverleaf.
     
     
174. Goldenseal  ______  (NA:62) (NW:453) (WP:30)  DP  NJ  PA  Apr-May.
     Hydrastis canadensis
     
     Another name for Hydrastis canadensis is Yellowroot.  In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
175. Mouse-tail   ______  (NW:453)
     Myosurus minimus
     
     
     Regarding the following genus, Ranunculus, several species are known to be poisonous, and all should be considered potentially so. 
     There are many species in the Ranunculus genus, and often they are difficult to identify.  
     
     
176. Kidney-leaf Buttercup  ______  (NA:252) (NW:465)  DP  PA  Occasional, NY, possibly DE, north to Newfoundland, Mar-Aug.  
     Ranunculus abortivus
     
     Another name for Ranunculus abortivus is Small-flowered Buttercup.
     
     
177. Tall Buttercup  (or Common Buttercup)  ______  (NA:250) (NW:594) (SP:49) (WP:19)  DP  PA  Generally common, PA (or DE) north to Greenland, May-Aug.  (not native to eastern North America)
     Ranunculus acris
     
     Another name for Ranunculus acris is Meadow Buttercup.
     
     
178. Water-plantain Spearwort  ______  (NW:465)  NJ
     Ranunculus ambigens 
     
     
179. White Water-buttercup   ______  (NW:466)  DP
     Ranunculus aquatilis (was circinatus)
     
     Ranunculus circinatus was called White Water-crowfoot.
     
     
180. Bulbous Buttercup  ______  (NA:254) (NW:594)  DP  Occasional, nNC north to Newfoundland, Apr-Jun. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Ranunculus bulbosus
     
     
181. Seaside Buttercup  ______  (SP:50)  NJ  Generally common, NJ north to Greenland, May-Oct.
     Ranunculus cymbalaria
     
     Ranunculus cymbalaria is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
182. Early Buttercup  ______  (NW:464)  NJ
     Ranunculus fascicularis
     
     Ranunculus fascicularis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
183. Lesser Celandine  ______  (NA:302) (NW:594) (WP:31)  PA  Apr-Jun.  (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Ranunculus ficaria
     
     Another name for Lesser Celandine is Pilewort.
     
     
184. Greater Yellow Water-buttercup  ______  (NW:466) (WP:31)  DP  NJ  PA  May-Jun.
     Ranunculus flabellaris 
     
     Another name for Ranunculus flabellaris is Yellow Water-crowfoot.
     
     
185. Creeping Spearwort  ______  (NW:465)  NJ
     Ranunculus flammula
     Ranunculus flammula (var. filiformis)  ______  NJ  where classified as endangered.
     
     
186. Hispid Buttercup  ______  (NW:464)  DP  SA
     Ranunculus hispidus
     
     
187. Small-flowered Buttercup  ______  DP
     Ranunculus parviflorus
     
     
188. Bristly Buttercup  ______  DP  NJ
     Ranunculus pensylvanicus
     
     
189. Hooked Buttercup  ______  (NW:465)  DP
     Ranunculus recurvatus
     
     Another name for Ranunculus recurvatus is Wood Buttercup.
     
     
190. Creeping Buttercup  (ph)  ______  (NW:594)  DP  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Ranunculus repens
     
     Another name for Ranuculus repens is Creeping Spearwort.
     
     
     
     Ranuculus repens, photographed during a FONT tour, in Iceland
     (photo by Gerin Hood)
     
     
191. Cursed Buttercup  ______  (NW:466) (SP:51)  DP  Occasional, north to Newfoundland, Mar-Aug.
     Ranunculus scleratus
     
     Another name for Ranuculus scleratus is Cursed Crowfoot.
     
     
192. Northern Swamp Buttercup  (or Marsh Buttercup)  ______  (NA:249) (SP:48) (WP:32)  DP  PA  Rare along cost, more common inland, NJ north to RI, Apr-Jul.
     Ranunculus septentrionalis 
     
     Another name for Ranunculus septentrionalis is Marsh Buttercup.  
     
     
193. Early Meadow-rue  ______  (NA:222) (NW:457) (WP:32)  DP  PA  Apr-May.
     Thalictrum dioicum 
     
     
194. Tall Meadow-rue  ______  (NA:164) (WP:33)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Thalictrum polygamum  (or Thalictrum pubescens)
     
     Thalictrum polygamun is also called Late Meadow-rue.
     
     
195. Waxy-leaf Meadow-rue  ______  (NW:457)
     Thalictrum revolutum
     
     
196. Rue Anemone  ______  (NA:47)
     Thalictrum thallictoides
     
     
197. Tassel-rue  ______  (NW:454) (WP:34)  PA  SA  Jun-Jul.
     Trautvetteria carolinensis
     
     Another name for Trautvetteria carolinensis is False Bugbane.
     
     
198. Globe Flower  ______  (NA:253) (W:35)  NJ  PA  Apr-Jun.
     Trollius laxus 
     Trollius laxus laxus  ______  Spreading Globe Flower:  NJ where classified as endangered.
     
     Another name for Trollius laxus is Yellow Globeflower.
       
     
199. Scrub Yellowroot  ______  SA
     Xanthorhiza simplictissima
     
     
     Cactus Family, CACTACEAE
     
     
200. Eastern Prickly Pear  ______  (NA:263) (SP:540) (WP:50)  DP  NJs  PA  Generally common, north to MA. Flowers Apr-Jun.
     Opuntia humifusa (or compressa) 
     
     
201. Devil-joint  ______  (SP:541)  NC  Generally common, north to NC. Flowers May-Jun.
     Opuntia pusilla (or drummondii)
     
     
     Caltrop Family, ZYGOPHYYLLACEAE
     
     
202. Puncture-vine  ______  (NA:255) (NW:600)  DP  (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Tribulus terrestris
     
     Another name for Tribulus terrestris is Goat's Head.
     
     
     Camellia, or Tea Family, THEACEAE
     
     
203. Mountain Camellia  ______  SA
     Stewartia ovata
     
     
     Cattail Family, TYPHACEAE
     
     The Typha species (below) hybridize.
     
     
204. Narrow-leaved Cattail  ______  (NW:552) (WP:334)  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul.
     Typha angustifolia
     
     
205. Typha domingensis  ______  Generally common, north to DE. May-Jul.
     
     
206. Broad-leaved Cattail  (ph)  ______  (NA:382) (NW:552) (SP:352) (WP:334)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Apr-Jul.
     Typha latifolia
     
     Typha latifolia is also called Common Cattail.
     
     
     
     In the center of this photo, some Broad-leaved Cattails.
     The purple flowers in the photo are Pickerel-weed, Pontederia cordata.
     (photographed in Delaware by Marie Gardner)
     
     
     Clubmoss Family, LYCOPODIACEAE
     
     
207. Carolina Clubmoss  ______  NJ
     Lycopodiella caroliniana (var. caroliniana)
     
     
208. Northern Bog Clubmoss  ______  NJ
     Lycopodiella inundata  
     
     In New Jersey, Lycopodiella inundata is rare,
     
     
209. Stiff Clubmoss  ______  NJ
     Lycopodium annotinum
     
     Lycopodium annotinum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
210. Hickey's Ground-pine  ______  NJ
     Lycopodium hickeyi
     
     In New Jersey, Lycopodium hickeyi is rare.  
     
     
     Custard-apple Family, ANNONACEAE
     
     
211. Common Pawpaw  ______  (SP:479) (ST:91)  Occasional, north to NJ & PA.
     Asimina parviflora
      
     
     Cypress Family, CUPRESSACEAE
     
     
212. Atlantic White-cedar  (*)  ______  (SP:426) (ST:72)  Occasional, NJ north to MA. 
     Chamaecyparis thyoides
     
     The Atlantic White-cedar is the host plant for the butterfly Callophyrs hesseli, the Hessel's Hairstreak. The green caterpillars of that species eat new growth at branch tips.
     The Hessel's Hairstreak is a true specialist, and so it is threatened by the reduction of Atlantic White-cedar swamps in the eastern US. 
     
     The Atlantic White-cedar is rot-resistant , which has made it a valuable timer tree since colonial times. Few efforts have been made to replant such forest. 
     In North Carolina alone, its acreage has declined by 90 per cent.    
     
     As of 2011, the largest known Atlantic White-cedar in the US has been in Burlington County, New Jersey.
     Its circumference: 210 inches. Height: 88 feet.   
     
     
213. Common Juniper   ______  NJ  Rare (in eastern North America), nNJ north to Newfoundland.
     Juniperus communis  (var. depressa)
     
     Juniperus communis has the largest range of any woody plant throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere, from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30 degrees N around North America and Eurasia.
     
     
214. Eastern Red-cedar  (*)  ______  (SP:427) (ST:65)  Generally common, north to ME.
     Juniperus virginiana
     
     The Eastern Red-cedar now includes what was the Southern Red-cedar, Juniperus silicicola  ______  Generally common, north to NC. 
     
     
215. Bald Cypress  (*)  ______  (ST:74)  NC
     Taxodium distichum
     
     Other names for Taxodium distichum are Deciduous Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Sabino Tree.
     
     
216. Northern White-cedar  ______  (ST:70)  NJ
     Thuja occidentalis
     
     Another name for Thuja occidentalis is Arborvitae. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
     Cyrilla Family, CYRILLACEAE
     
     
217. Summer Titi  ______  (NA:117) (SP:519)  Occasional, north to VA. May-Jul.
     Cyrilla racemiflora
     
     Another name for Cyrilla racemiflora is Leatherwood.
     
     
     Daisy, or Aster Family, ASTERACEAE
     
     
218. Yarrow  ______  (NA:156) (NW:109) (SP:300) (WP:277)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, north to Greenland, Apr-first frost.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Achillea millefolium (or lanulosa)
     
     Another name for Achillea millefolium is Milfoil.
     
     Although Yarrow and the Wild Carrot, or Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota, in the family APIACEAE) are not related, these two plants are often mistaken for each other.
     Both are about the same size, bloom at the same time, and both a flat-topped heads of white flowers, and both finely-divided leaves. Both are of European origin, and in North America become "weeds".  
     
     
219. White Snakeroot   ______  (NW:97)
     Ageratina altissima
     
     
220. Common Ragweed  ______  (NA:10) (SP:282)  SA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-first frost.
     Ambrosia artemisiifolia
     
     In North America, Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a native plant, but one not very well liked. 
     Partly as it is considered a common pernicious weed, but mostly because it is the chief cause of hay fever in the late summer.
     But as to it being a weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia is one of the foremost examples of one that grows in cultivated ground to the detriment of crops, and is itself economically valueless and unsightly.      
     
     Ragweed is the host plant for the moths Ponometia candefacta, the Olive-shaded Bird-dropping Moth, and Ponometia erastrioides, the Small Bird-dropping Moth.   
     
     
221. Great Ragweed  ______  (NA:9)  NJ
     Ambrosia trifida
     
     As with the previous species, the pollen of Ambrosia trifida is spread by wind and is a principal cause of hay fever.   
     
     
222. Pearly Everlasting  ______  (NA:177) (NW:93) (WP:277)  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Anaphalis margaritacee
     
     The Pearly Everlasting is a host plant for the butterfly Vanessa virginiensis, the American Lady.
     
     
223. Ladies-tobacco  ______  DP
     Antennaria fallax
     
     
224. Field Pussy-toes  ______  DP
     Antennaria neglecta
     
     Photo of Antennaria sp. (WP:278)
     
     
225. Plantain-leaved Pussy-toes  ______  (NA:178) (NW:94)  DP  SA
     Antennaria plantaginifolia
     
     
226. Single-headed Pussy-toes  ______  (NW:94)
     Antennaria solitaria
     
     
227. Corn Chamomile  ______  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug.
     Anthemis arvensis
     
     
228. Dog-fennel  ______  (NA:82) (NW:570)  DP  Jun-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Anthemis cotula
     
     Another name for Anthemis cotula is Mayweed.
     
     
229. Great Burdock  ______  (NW:566) (WP:278)  DP  PA  Jul-Oct. (not native to eastern North America)
     Arctium lappa
     
     
230. Smaller Burdock  ______  (NA:539) (NW:566) (WP:279)  DP  PA  Jul-Oct.  (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Arctium minus
     
     Arctium minus is also called Common Burdock.
     
     
231. Wooly Burdock  ______  (WP:279)  PA  Jul-Sep.  (not native in eastern North America) 
     Arctium tomentosum
     
     
232. Pale Indian-plantain  ______  (NW:95)  NJ
     Arnoglossum atriplicifolium
     
     Arnoglossum atriplicifolium is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
233. Great Indian-plantain  ______  (NW:95)  NJ
     Arnoglossum muehlenbergii  (was Arnoglossum reniforme)
     
     
234. Dusty-miller  ______  (SP:302)  Generally common, VA north to Nova Scotia. May-Sep.
     Artemisia stelleriana
     
     Another name for Artemisia stelleriana is Beach Wormwood. 
     
     
235. Common Mugwort  ______  (NA:415)  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Artemisia vulgaris 
     
     
236. Whorled Aster  ______  (NW:145)
     Aster (now Oclemena) acuminata
     
     Oclemena acuminata is also called the Whorled Wood Aster.
     
     
237. Rush Aster  ______  NJ
     Aster borealis
     
     Aster borealis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.  
     
     
238. Toothed White-top Aster  ______  (NW:146)
     Aster asteroides  (now Sericocarpus asteroides)
     
     
239. Elegant Aster  ______  DP
     Aster concinnus
     
     
240. Eastern Silvery Aster  ______  DP  NJ
     Aster concolor
     
     In New Jersey, Aster concolor is rare. 
     
     
241. Heart-leaved Aster  ______  DP  SA
     Aster corditolius 
     
     
242. White Wood Aster  ______  (NA:89) (NW:143) (SP:265)  DP  SA  Rare, north to ME. Aug-Oct. 
     Aster divaricta  (now Eurybia divaricata)  
     
     
243. Bushy Aster  ______  (NA:81)  DP  NJs   Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Nov.
     Aster dumosus
     
     
244. White Heath Aster  ______  NJ  Occasional, north to ME. Jul-Oct.
     Aster ericoides (var. ericoides)  ______  NJ
     Aster ericoides (var. prostratus)  ______  Prostrate White Heath Aster  NJ
     
     
245. Slender Aster  ______  DP  NJ
     Aster gracilis
     
     
246. Smooth Aster  ______  (NA:560)  DP
     Aster laevis
     
     
247. Panicled Aster  ______  (NW:143)
     Aster (now Symphyotrichum) lanceolatum
     
     
248. Calico Aster  ______  (NA:88) (NW:143) (SP:266) (WP:280)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
     Aster (now Symphyotrichum) lateriflorum
     
     Other names for Symphyotrichum lateriflorum are Many-flowered Aster and Side-flowered Aster. 
     It is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes tharos, the Pearl Crescent. 
     
     
249. Stiff Aster  ______  (NA:623) (NW:144) (SP:268) (WP:280)  NJ  PA  Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Nov.
     Aster (now Ionactis) lineariifolius
     
     Other names for Ionactis lineariifolius are Stiff-leaved Aster, Bristle-leaved Aster, Linear-leaved Aster.
     
     
250. Narrow-leaf White-top Aster  ______  (NW:146)
     Aster (now Sericocarpus) linifolius  
     
     
251. Large-leaved Aster  ______  SA
     Aster macrophyllus
     
     
252. Bog Aster  ______  (NW:145)  NJ
     Aster (now Oclemena) nemoralis
     
     
253. New England Aster  ______  (NA:557) (NW:142) (WP:281)  DP  PA  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Oct.
     Aster (now Symphyotrichum) novae-angliae 
     
     There are many color forms of Aster, now Symphyotrichum, novae-angliae, with rays ranging from lavender to purple to white. A pink form is sometimes grown commercially. 
     
     
254. New York Aster  ______  (NA:558) (SP:264)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
     Aster novi-belgii
     Aster novi-belgii (var. elodes)  ______  NJ
     
     
255. Late Purple Aster  ______  DP  NJ  Rare, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
     Aster patens
     Aster patens  (var. phlogifolius)  Phlox-leaved Aster  ______  DP
     
     
256. Toothed White-topped Aster  ______  (SP:269)  DP  NJ  Occasional, north to ME. Jun-Aug.
     Aster paternus  (has been Seriocarpus asteroides) 
     
     
257. White Heath Aster  ______  (SP:267)  DP  PA   Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
     Aster pilosus
     Aster pilosus  (var. pilosus)  ______  (WP:281)  PA
     Aster pilosus  (var. demotus)  Smooth White Heath Aster  ______  DP
     
     Other names for Aster pilosus are Frost Aster and Subulate-bracted Aster. It is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes tharos, the Pearl Crescent.
     
     
258. Willow-leaf Aster  ______  DP
     Aster praealtus
     Aster praealtus (var. praealtus)  ______  NJ  where it is classified as endangered. 
     
     
259. Crooked-stem Aster  ______  (WP:282)  DP  NJ  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Aster prenanthoides
     
     Another name for Aster prenanthoides is Zig-zag Aster.
     
     
260. Purple-stemmed Aster  ______  (WP:282)  DP  NJ  PA  Aug-Nov.
     Aster puniceus
     Aster puniceus (var. firmus)  ______  Shining Aster  NJ
     
     
261. Small-flowered White Aster  ______  (NA:85)
     Aster racemosus
     
     
262. Low Rough Aster  ______  NJ
     Aster radula
     
     Aster radula is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
263. Arrowleaf Aster  ______  DP
     Aster sagittifolius   
     
     
264. White Field Aster  ______  (NA:90)  DP
     Aster simplex 
     
     Another name for Aster simplex is Panicled Aster.
     
     
265. Narrow-leaved White-topped Aster  ______  DP  NJ
     Aster solidagineus  (has been Seriocarpus linifolius) 
     
     
266. Low Showy Aster  ______  (NA:559) (NW:143)  DP  NJ
     Aster (now Eurybia) spectabilis
     
     The distribution of Aster, now Eurybia, spectabilis is mainly coastal, and especially in Pine Barrens.
     
     
267. Annual Saltmarsh Aster ______  (SP:263)  DP  Generally common, north to ME. Jul-Nov.
     Aster subulatus
     
     
268. Siberian Aster  ______  DP
     Aster tataricus
     
     
269. Saltmarsh Aster  ______  (NA:84) (SP:262)  DP  Generally common, north to MA. Jun-Dec.
     Aster tenuifolius 
     
     
270. Tradescant's Aster  ______  NJ
     Aster tradescantii
     
     In New Jersey, Aster tradescantii is rare. 
     
     
271. Tall Flat-topped White Aster  ______  (NA:87) (NW:145) (WP:283)  DP  PA  Aug-Sep.
     Aster (now Doellingeria) umbellatus
     
     Another name for Doellingeria umbellatus is Parasol White-top.
     
     
272. Wavy-leaved Aster  ______  (NA:554)  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
     Aster undulatus 
     
     In western North Carolina, the Wavy-leaved Aster is a host plant for the butterfly Phyciodes batesii, the Tawny Crescent, a species that has disappeared in the northeastern US.   
     
     
273. Arrow-leaf Aster  ______  NJ
     Aster urophyllus
     
     In New Jersey, Aster urophyllus is rare.
     
     
274. Small White Aster  ______  DP
     Aster vimineus
     
     
275. False-willow  ______  (SP:585)  Generally common, north to NC. Sep-Oct.
     Baccharis angustifolia
     
     
276. Silverling  ______  (NA:186) (SP:584)  Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
     Baccharis halimifolia
     
     Silverling is one of two shrubs associated with coastal wetlands. The other is Marsh Elder (Iva frutescens, also in ASTERACEAE.  
     
     
     ******************************************************
     
     Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Bidens:
     
     The prickly fruit of the Bidens species are known as "beggar's-ticks". They are the very common two-pronged "stickers" that cling to one's clothing during autumn walks.  
     
     
277. Tickseed Sunflower  ______  (NW:124)
     Bidens aristoa
     
     Other names for Bidens aristoa are Midwestern Tickseed Sunflower and Bearded Begger's-ticks.
     
     The following, Bidens polylepis, has much the same range as Bidens aristoa, but it extends as far west as Colorado and New Mexico. The two species share the same common name.
     
     The bractlets beneath the phyllaries in Bidens aristoa are very narrow, 12-21, whereas 8-12 in Bidens aristoa. 
     
     
278. Tickseed Sunflower  (ph)  ______  (NA:282)  DP  PA
     Bidens polylepis
     
     Another name for Bidens polylepis is Ozark Tickseed Sunflower.
     
     
     
     Tickseed Sunflower
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
279. Estuary Burr-marigold  ______  NJ
     Bidens bidentoides 
     
     
280. Spanish-needles  ______  (NW:125) (SP:293)  DP  Generally common, north to RI. Jul-Oct.
     Bidens bipinnata
     
     
281. Nodding Beggar-ticks  ______  (NA:281) (NW:124) (WP:284)  DP  PA  Jul-Oct.
     Bidens cernua
     
     Other names for Bidens cernua are Nodding Bur-marigold and Stick-tight.
     
     
282. Crowned Beggar-ticks  ______  DP  Occasional, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
     Bidens coronata   
     
     
283. Redstem Beggar-ticks  ______  DP
     Bidens discoidea
     
     
284. Eaton's Beggar-ticks  ______  NJ
     Bidens eatonii
     
     Bidens eatonii is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
285. Devil's Beggar-ticks  ______  (NW:125) (SP:295) (WP:284)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
     Bidens frondosa
     
     
286. Smooth Bur-marigold  ______  (NW:124) (SP:292)  DP  Generally common, north to NH. Aug-Nov.
     Bidens laevis
     
     Other common names for Bidens laevis are Smooth Beggar-ticks and Wild Goldenglow.
     
     
287. Small-fruit Beggar-ticks  ______  NJ  Generally common, north to MD. Aug-Oct.
     Bidens mitis
     
     Bidens mitis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
288. Shepherd's Needle  ______  (NA:86)
     Bidens pilosa
     
     
289. European Beggar-ticks  ______  DP  Occasional, nVA north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Oct.
     Bidens tripartita
     
     
290. False Aster  _____  (NA:553) (NW:147)  DP  NJ
     Boltonia asteroides
     Boltonia asteroides (var. glastifolia)  ______  NJ where classified as endangered
     
     Another name for Boltonia asteroides is Southern Boltonia.
     
     
291. Appalachian Mountain Boltonia  ______  NJ
     Boltonia montana
     
     Boltonia montana is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
292. Sea Ox-eye  ______  (NW:117) (SP:588)  DP  Generally common, north to VA. Nearly all year.
     Borrichia frutescens
     
     
293. Indian-plantain  (or Pale Indian-plantain)  ______  (WP:285)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Cacalia astriplicifolia  
     
     Another name for Cacalia astriplicifolia is "Wild Caraway".
     
     
294. Nodding Thistle  ______  (NA:541) (NW:567) (WP:286)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Carduus nutans 
     
     Another name for Carduus nutans is Musk Thistle.
     
     
295. Hairy Chaffhead  ______  (NW:99)
     Carphephorus paniculatus
     
     Another name for Carphephorus paniculatus is Deer-tongue.
     
     
296. Vanilla-leaf  ______  (NW:99)
     Carphephorus odoratissimus
     
     Another name for Carphephorus odoratissimus is Carolina Vanilla.
     
     
297. Bachelor's Button  ______  (NW:568) (WP:286)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from the Mediterranean region)
     Centaurea cyanus  
     
     Another name for Centaurea cyanus is Cornflower.
     
     
298. Spotted Knapweed  ______  (NA:606) (WP:287)  DP  PA  SA  Jun-Aug.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Centaurea maculosa
     
     Another name for Centaurea maculosa is Spotted Star-thistle.
     
     
299. Black Knapweed  ______  DP
     Centaurea nigra
     
     
300. Tyrol Knapweed  ______  DP
     Centauria vochinensis
     
     
301. Woolly Sunbonnets  ______  (NW:152)
     Chaptalia tormentosa
     
     Another name for Chaptalia tormentosa is Pineland Daisy.
     
     
302. Skeletonweed  ______  DP
     Chondrilla juncea
     
     
303. Ox-eye Daisy  ______  (NA:83) (SP:301) (WP:288)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, NC to Greenland. Apr-Aug.  (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe)
     Chrysanthemum leucanthemum  (or Leucanthemum vulgare)
     
     Even though this immigrant in the US can be a "weed", the Ox-eye Daisy is a handsome plant. It can be extremely common. 
     
     
304. Feverfew  ______  (WP:289)  DP  PA  Jun-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America)
     Chrysanthemum parthenium  
     
     
305. Goldenstar  ______  (NA:283) (NW:110) (WP:289)  PA  Apr-Jun.
     Chrysogonum virginianum
     
     Other names for Chrysogonum virginianum are Green-and-gold, Goldstar, or Golden Knees.
     
     
306. Sickle-leaved Golden Aster  ______  (SP:253)  NJs  Occasional, NJ north to MA. Jul-Oct.
     Chrysopsis falcata
     
     
307. Woolly Golden Aster  ______  (S:251)  Occasional, north to sVA. Sep-Oct.
     Chrysopsis gossypina
     
     
308. Grass-leaved Golden Aster  ______  (SP:252)  DP  Generally common, north to DE. Jun-Oct.
     Chrysopsis graminifolia (or nervosa)  
     
     
309. Maryland Golden Aster  ______  (NW:138) (WP:288)  DP  NJs  PA  SA  Aug-Oct.
     Chrysopsis marianna  
     
     
310. Chicory  (*) (ph)  ______  (NA:624) (NW:570) (SP:307) (WP:287)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, nNC north to Nova Scotia. May-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Cichorium intybus
     
     Even though this immigrant in the US can be a "weed", the Chicory is a handsome plant. Few, if any other wildflowers, have blossoms of such a superb shade of blue.
     
     Another name for Cichorium intybus is Blue Sailors.
     
     
     
     Chicory  (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
311. Canada Thistle  ______  (NA:540) (NW:567) (WP:290)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe by way of Canada)  
     Cirsium arvense
     
     
312. Field Thistle  (*) (ph)  ______  (NW:100) (WP:290)  DP  PA  Jul-Oct.
     Cirsium discolor
     
     
     
     Field Thistle  (photo by Rise Hill)
     
     
313. Yellow Thistle  ______  (NA:353) (NW:100) (SP:305)  DP  Generally common, north to ME. Mar-Aug. 
     Cirsium horridulum (or spinosissimus) 
     
     Another name for Cirsium horridulum is Horrid Thistle.
     
     Yellow Thistle is often found along the edges of salt marshes, but in the southern US it is also a pasture weed, where its flower heads may be rd-purple instead of yellow. 
     
     
314. Swamp Thistle  ______  (WP:291)  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Cirsium muticum
     
     
315. Pasture Thistle  ______  (WP:291)  DP  PA  Jun-Sep.
     Cirsium pumilum
     
     
316. Bull Thistle  ______  (NA:542) (NW:567) (SP:306) (WP:292)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Jun-Sep.  (non-native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Cirsium vulgare
     
     
317. Horseweed  ______  (NA:107) (SP:274)  PA   
     Conyza canadensis  (var. canadensis)  ______  (WP:292)  Occasional, VA north to Nova Scotia. July-first frost.
     Conyza canadensis  (var. pusillus)  ______  Generally common, north to CT. Jun-first frost. 
     
     Conyza canadensis (var. canadensis) has also been Erigeron canadensis.
     Conyza canadensis (var. pusillus) has also been Erigeron pusillus.
     
     MEDICINAL USE: 
     Native Americans and early settlers used a preparation with the leaves of Horseweed to treat dysentery and sore throat.
     
     
318. Lance-leaved Coreopsis  ______  (NA:286) (NW:122) (WP:293)  DP  PA  Occasional, north to MA. May-Jul.  (non-native in eastern North America, from the Midwest. It has escaped from cultivation.) 
     Coreopsis lanceolata  (var. villosa)
     
     Coreopsis lanceolata is also called Sand Coreopsis.
     
     
319. Greater Coreopsis  ______  (NW:123)  SA
     Coreopsis major 
     
     
320. Rose Coreopsis  ______  (NW:123)  DP  NJ
     Coreopsis rosea
     
     Other names for Coreopsis rosea are Pink Coreopsis or Pink Tickseed.
     
     
321. Plains Coreopsis  ______  (NA:287) (SP:291)  DP  Occasional, nNC and sVA. Apr-Jul. 
     Coreopsis tinctoria (or cardaminaefolia)
     
     Other names for Coreopsis tinctoria are Garden Coreopsis and Tickseed.
     
     
322. Tall Coreopsis  ______  (NW:123)  SA
     Coreopsis tripteris
     
     Another name for Coreopsis tripteris is Tall Tickseed.
     
     
323. Thread-leaf Coreopsis  ______  (NW:123)
     Coreopsis verticillata
     
     Another name for Coreopsis verticillata is Whorled Coreopsis.
     
     
324. Smooth Hawksbeard  ______  (NW:569)  DP  (not native to eastern North America) 
     Crepis capillaris
     
     
325. Slender Scratch Daisy  ______  (NW:138)
     Croptilon divaricatum
     
     
326. Purple Coneflower  ______  (NA:555)
     Echinacea purpurea
     
     
327. Eclipta  ______  (NW:108) (SP:284)  DP  Generally common, north to MA. Jun-first frost.
     Eclipta alba (or prostrata)
     
     Another name for Eclipta alba (or prostrata) is Yerba-de-tago. 
     
     
328. Leafy Elephant's Foot  ______  (NW:102)  DP  NJ
     Elephantopus carolinianus 
     
     Other names for Elephantopus carolinianus are Large-leaved Elephant's Foot and Carolina Elephant's Foot. 
     In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
329. Lanceleaf Elephant's Foot  ______  DP  Occasional, north to DE. Jul-Oct.
     Elephantopus nudatus
     
     
330. Elephant's Foot  ______  (SP:240)  DP  Generally common, north to MD. Jul-Oct.
     Elephantopus tormentosus
     
     Another name for Elephantopus tormentosus is Devil's Grandmother.
     
     
331. Fireweed  (ph)  ______  (SP:303)  DP  NJ  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-first frost.
     Erechtites hieracifolia
     Erechtites hieracifolia (var. megalocarpa)  ______  Large-fruit Fireweed  NJ
     
     
     
     Fireweed   (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
332. Eastern Daisy Fleabane  ______  (NA:79) (NW:150) (WP:293)  DP  PA  Occasional, nNC north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jun rarely to Oct. 
     Erigeron annuus
     
     
333. Philadelphia Fleabane  ______  (NA:80) (NW:150) (WP:294)  DP  PA  Apr-Aug.
     Erigeron philadelphicus
     
     Other names for Erigeron philadelphicus are Marsh Fleabane or Common Fleabane. 
     
     
334. Robin's-plantain  ______  (NW:150)  DP  SA
     Erigeron pulchellus
     
     Erigeron pulchellus is also called Hairy Fleabane.
     
     
335. Oak-leaved Erigeron  ______  (SP:270)  Generally common, north to NC. Mar-Jun.
     Erigeron quercifolius
     
     
336. Whitetop Fleabane  ______  (NW:150) (SP:273)  DP  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jun (with some blooming to Oct).
     Erigeron strigosus
     Erigeron strigosus  (var. beyrichii)  Small-flower Fleabane  ______  DP
     
     
337. Robin's-plantain  ______  (SP:271)  Occasional, north to sVA. Mar-Jul.
     Erigeron vernus   
     
     
338. White Boneset  ______  (SP:245)  NJ  Generally common, north to NY. Jun-Oct.
     Eupatorium album
     Eupatorium album (var. vaseyi)  ______  Vasey's Boneset  NJ where rare  
     
     
339. Smaller White Snakeroot  ______  (SP:243)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct. 
     Eupatorium aromaticum
     Eupatorium aromaticum (var. romaticum)  ______  NJ
     
     Eupatorium aromaticum is also called Coastal White Snakeroot.
     
     
340. Common Dog-fennel  ______  (NW:97) (SP:242)  NJ  Generally common, north to NJ. Sep-first frost.
     Eupatorium capillifolium
     
     Another name for Eupatorium capillifolium is Dog-fennel Thoroughwort.
     In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
341. Mistflower  ______  (NW:98) (WP:294)  DP  NJ PA  Rare, north to sNJ. Jul-Oct.
     Eupatorium (now Conoclinium) coelestinum
     
     Other names for Conoclinium coelestinum are Blue Mistflower and Hardy-ageratum.
     
     
342. Common Joe-pye-weed  ______  (SP:247)  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
     Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) dubium
     
     MEDICINAL USE:
     Native Americans are said to have used Eupatorium dubium to cure fevers, and early American colonists used it to treat an outbreak of typhus. 
     See also Sweet Joe-pye-weed (below).
       
     
343. Hollow Joe-pye-weed  ______  (NW:98)  DP
     Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) fistulosum
     
     Another name for Eutrochium fistulosum is Hollowstem Joe-pye-weed.
     
     
344. Hyssop-leaved Boneset  ______  (SP:246)  DP  NJs  Generally common, north to NY. Jul-Oct. 
     Eupatorium hyssopifolium
     
     Other names for Eupatorium hyssopifolium are Hyssop-leaved Thoroughwort and Narrow-leaved Eupatorium.
     
     
345. White-bracted Boneset  ______  DP  NJs
     Eupatorium leucolepis
     
     Another name for Eupatorium leucolepis is White-bracted Thoroughwort.
     
     
346. Spotted Joe-pye-weed  ______  (NA:530) (NW:98)  DP
     Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) maculatum
     
     
347. Eupatorium mohrii (or recurvans)  ______  Rare, north to sVA. Jul-Oct.
     
     
348. Common Boneset  ______  (NA:153) (NW:97) (SP:241) (WP:295)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
     Eupatorium perfoliatum
     
     
349. Rough Boneset  ______  DP  NJs  Rare, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
     Eupatorium pilosum  
     
     Another name for Eupatorium pilosum is Hairy Thoroughwort.
     
     
350. Hairy Boneset  ______  NJ
     Eupatorium pubescens  (or rotundifolium)
     
     
351. Sweet Joe-pye-weed  ______  (NW:98) (WP:295)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Eupatorium (now Eutrochium) purpureum
     
     Joe Pye is said to have been an herb doctor who lived in New England in colonial times, when a tonic was from the roots of Eupatorium purpureum to treat diarrhea.
     But the plant named for him is hardly a "weed" in the ordinary sense as it is rather a stately and handsome herb.
     A more-fitting name, "Queen of the Meadow" is applied to it in the southern Appalachian Mountains.    
     
     
352. Resinous Boneset  ______  NJ
     Eupatorium resinosum
     
     Another name for Eupatorium resinosum is Pine Barren Boneset. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.   
     
     
353. Round-leaved Boneset  ______  (SP:244)  DP  NJs  Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Oct.
     Eupatorium rotundifolium 
     
     Another name for Eupatorium rotundifolium is Roundleaf Thoroughwort.
     
     
354. White Snakeroot  ______  (NA:154) (WP:296)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Oct.
     Eupatorium rugosum
     
     
355. Late-flowering Boneset  ______  (NW:97)  DP  Generally common, north to sNJ. Aug-Nov.
     Eupatorium serotinum 
     
     Another name for Eupatorium serotinum is Late-flowering Thoroughwort.
     
     
356. Upland Boneset  ______  (NW:97)  DP  NJ
     Eupatorium sessilifolium
     Eupatorium sessilfolium (var. brittonianum)  ______  Britton's Upland Boneset   NJ
     
     
357. Common Grass-leaved Goldenrod  ______  (NA:349) (NW:137) (WP:296)  NJs  PA  Jul-Oct.
     Euthamia graminifolia  (was Solidago graminifolia)
     
     Other names for Euthamia graminifolia are Grass-leaved Euthamia (or Goldenrod) and Flat-topped Euthamia (or Goldenrod), or Lance-leaved Goldenrod..
     
     
358. Slender-leaved Euthamia (or Goldenrod)  ______  (SP:260)  NJs
     Euthamia tenuifolia  (was Solidago tenuifolia)
     
     Other names for Euthamia tenuifolia are Flat-topped Euthamia (or Goldenrod).
     
     
359. Pink Thoroughwort  ______  (NW:98)
     Fleischmannia incarnata
     
     
360. Indian-blanket  ______  (NA:401) (NW:131) (SP:298)  Generally common, north to MD. Apr-first frost.
     Gaillardia pulchella
     
     Other names for Gaillardia pulchella are Fire-wheel and Gaillardia.
     
     
361. Quickweed  ______  (WP:297)  DP  PA  Jun-Nov.   (not native in eastern North America, from tropical South America) 
     Galinsoga ciliata (or quadriradiata)
     
     Another name for Galinsoga ciliata is Gallant Soldiers.
     
     
362. Rabbit-tobacco  ______  (SP:279)  Occasional, north to VA. May-Aug.
     Gnaphalium chilense
     
     
363. Fragrant Cudweed  ______  (NA:155) (NW:93) (SP:280) (WP:297)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-Nov.
     Gnaphalium (now Pseudognaphalium) obtusifolium
     
     Other names for Gnaphalium obtusifolium include: Sweet Everlasting, Sweet Balsam, Catfoot, and because it thrives in dry areas and waste places: Poverty-weed, and Old-field Balsam. 
     Yet another name is Blunt-leaved Rabbit-tobacco.
     
     Gnaphalium obtusifolium, with whatever common name, is a host plant for the butterfly Vanessa virginiensis, the American Lady.   
     
     
364. Curlytop Gumweed  ______  (NA:291)  NJ  (not native to eastern North America, has spread east to dry waste places, from the Western US) 
     Grindelia squarrosa
     
     Other names for Grindelia squarrosa are Curlycup Gumweed or Stickyheads.
     
     MEDICINAL USE;
     Native Americans used Grindelia squarrosa as a medicinal herb to treat illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, and skin rashes. 
     
     
365. Purple Cudweed  ______  (SP:281)  DP  Generally common, north to ME. Mar-Jul.
     Gnaphalium purpureum (var. purpureum)
     Gnaphalium purpureum (var. falcatum)
     
     
366. False Indian-plantain  ______  (NW:95)  NJ
     Hasteola suaveolens
     
     Other names for Hasteola suaveolens are Hastate Indian-plantain and Sweet Indian-plantain. 
     
     
367. Bitter Sneezeweed  ______  (NW:132) (SP:296)  Generally common, north to VA. May-first frost.
     Helenium amarum 
     
     Helenium amarum has also been called Bitterweed.
     
     
368. Common Sneezeweed  (or Autumn Sneezeweed)  ______  (SA:288) (SP:297) (WP:298)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, north to CT. Aug-Nov. 
     Helenium autumnale
     
     Helenium autumnale somewhat resembles coneflowers (in the genus Rudbeckia).
     
     Sneezing may be induced by the pollen of Helenium autumnale or by smelling its dry, pulverized leaves. 
     
     
369. Purple-headed Sneezeweed  ______  (NW:132) (WP:298)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct. (not native in eastern North America, from the Midwest)
     Helenium flexuosum (or nudiflorum)
     
     
370. Narrow-leaved Sunflower  ______  (NW:117) (SP:286)  DP  NJs  SA  Generally common, north to NY. July-first frost.
     Helianthus angusifolius
     
     Another name for Helianthus angusifolius is Swamp Sunflower.
     
     
371. Cucumber-leaved Sunflower  ______  (SP:287)  Rare, north to ME. May-Oct.
     Helianthus debilis 
     
     
372. Thin-leaved Sunflower  ______  (WP:299)  DP  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Helianthus decapetalus
     
     
373. Woodland Sunflower  ______  (NW:118)  DP
     Helianthus divaricalus
     
     
374. Tall Sunflower  ______  (NA:276)  DP
     Helianthus giganteus
     
     
375. Sawtooth Sunflower  ______  DP
     Helianthus grosseserratus
     
     
376. Ashy Sunflower  ______  (NW:118)
     Helianthus mollis
     
     Another name for Helianthus mollis is Downy Sunflower.
     
     
377. Prairie Sunflower  ______  DP
     Helianthus petiolaris
     
     
378. Pale-leaved Sunflower  ______  (NA:275)  DP
     Helianthus strumosus  
     
     Another name for Helianthus strumosus is Woodland Sunflower.
     
     
379. Jersusalem-artichoke  ______  (NA:274) (WP:300)  DP  PA  Aug-Oct.  (not native in eastern North America, from the Midwest) 
     Helianthus tuberosus
     
     
380. Ox-eye  ______  (NA:273) (NW:118) (WP:300)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Heliopsis helianthoides
     Heliopsis helianthoides (var. scabra)  ______  Rough Ox-eye  NJ
     
     Heliopsis helianthoides is sometimes known as the "False Sunflower". It resembles a sunflower quite closely. 
     
     
381. Prairie Golden Aster  ______  (NA:279)
     Heterotheca camporum
     
     Another name for Heterotheca camporum is Hairy Golden Aster.
     
     Typically a midwestern prairie plant, Heterotheca camporum has in recent years spread its range eastward, now occurring to New Jersey and south to North Carolina. 
     The height of the plant varies greatly with environmental conditions. 
      
     
382. Golden Aster  ______  (NA:280) (NW:139) (SP:254) (WP:301)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to NY. Jul-Nov.  (not native to eastern North America) 
     Heterotheca subaxillaris  (was Heterotheca latifolia)
     
     Heterotheca subaxillaris has also been called Camphorweed.
     
     
383. Orange Hawkweed  ______  (NA:364) (NW:569) (SP:315) (WP:301)  Generally common, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Jun-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Hieracium aurantiacum
     
     Another name for Hieracium aurantiacum is Devil's Paintbrush.
     
     
384. Yellow Hawksweed  ______  (NA:292)
     Hieracium caespitosum
     
     Another name for Hieracium caespitosum is King Devil.
     
     
385. Early Hawkweed  ______  DP  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. May-Aug.
     Hieracium florentinum (or piloselloides)
     
     
386. Hairy Hawkweed  ______  (NW:91) (SP:317)  DP  Generally common, north to MA. Jul-first frost.
     Hieracium gronovii
     
     Other names for Hieracium gronovii are Leafy Hawkweed and Queen-devil.
     
     
387. Panicled Hawkweed  ______  DP
     Hieracium paniculatum
     
     
388. Mouse-ear Hawkweed  ______  (NA:296)  DP  SA  Rare, north to Newfoundland. Sep.  (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe)
     Hieracium piloselia
     
     Of the 19 species of hawkweeds listed in the Gray's Manual of Botany for the northeastern US, 10 of them are of European origin.  
     
     
389. Field Hawkweed  ______  (SP:316) (WP:302)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, nNJ north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug.  (non-native in eastern North America, from Europe) 
     Hieracium pratense (or caespitosum)
     
     Another name for Hieracium pratense is King Devil. 
     
     
390. Rough Hawkweed  ______  (WP:302)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Hieracium scabrum
     
     
391. Rattlesnake-weed  ______  (NA:298) (SP:314) (WP:303)  DP  PA  Generally common, VA north to NH. May-Sep.
     Hieracium venosum
     
     
392. Toothed-leaved Hawkweed  ______  DP
     Hieracium vulgatum
     
     
393. Cat's Ear  ______  DP  Occasional, NC north to Newfoundland. Apr-Aug.
     Hypochoeris radicata
     
     
394. Elecampane  ______  (NA:290)  (not native to eastern North America, probably from Asia)  
     Inula helenium
     
     
395. Marsh-elder  ______  (SP:586)  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Oct.
     Iva frutescens
     
     
396. Seashore-elder  ______  (SP:587)  Generally common, north to VA, Aug-Oct.
     Iva imbricata
     
     
397. Dwarf Dandelion  ______  (NA:294) (NW:92) (WP:304)  PA  SA  May-Aug.
     Krigia biflora
     
     Krigia biflora resembles the related hawkweeds, in the genus Hieracium.  
     
     Another name for Krigia biflora is Two-flowered Cynthia.
     
     
398. Opposite-leaf Dwarf Dandelion  ______  (NW:92)
     Krigia caepitosa
     
     
399. Potato Dwarf Dandelion  ______  (NW:92)  NJ
     Krigia dandelion
     
     Krigia dandelion is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
400. Virginia Dwarf Dandelion  ______  (SP:308)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to NH. Mar-Aug.
     Krigia virginica
     
     
401. Tall Blue Lettuce  ______  (NW:88)
     Lactuca biennis
     
     
402. Common Wild Lettuce  ______  (NA:300) (NW:88) (SP:312) (WP:304)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-first frost.
     Lactuca canadensis  (var. latifolia)
     Lactuca canadensis  (var. canadensis)  ______  PA
     Lactuca candensis  (var. longifolia)  Narrow-leaved Wild Lettuce  ______  DP
     
     
403. Woodland Lettuce  ______  (NA:630) (NW:89)  DP
     Lactuca floridana
     
     
404. Hairy Lettuce  ______  DP  NJ
     Lactuca hirsula
     
     Lactuca hirsuta (var. sanguinea)  ______ Red-stemmed Hairy Lettuce  NJ
     
     
405. Prickly Wild Lettuce  ______  (NA:299) (NW:569)   DP  Occasional, nVA north to New Brunswick. Jun-first frost.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Lactuca serriola
     
     
406. Fall-dandelion  ______  (SP:310)  Occasional, NJ north to Greenland. May-Nov.
     Leontodon autumnalis
     
     
407. Rough Blazing-star  ______  (NA:590)
     Liatris aspera
     
     
408. Grass-leaved Blazing-star  ______  (SP:249)  DP  NJs  Occasional, north to NY. Sep-Oct.
     Liatris graminifolia
     
     Another name for Liatris graminifolia is Hairy Blazing-star.
     
     
409. Northern Blazing-star  ______  (NA:489)  NJ
     Liatris scarlosa
     Liatris scarlosa (var. novae-angliae)  ______  NJ  where it is classified as endangered
     
     Another name for Liatris scarlosa is Large Blazing-star.
     
     
410. Blazing-star  (or Dense Blazing-star)  ______  (NA:490) (WP:305)  NJ  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Liatris spicata
     Liatris spicata (var. spicata)  ______  NJ
     
     
411. Scaly Gayfeather  ______  (NW:99)
     Liatris squarrosa
     
     
412. Grass-leaf Barbara's Buttons  ______  (NW:104)  
     Marshallia graminifolia 
     
     
413. Pineapple-weed  ______  (NW:106) (WP:306)  DP  PA  Rare, NJ north to Greenland. Jun-first frost.  (not native to eastern North America, from the Pacific states) 
     Matricaria matricarioides
     
     Other names for Matricaria matricarioides are Disc Mayweed and Rayless Chamomile.
     
     
414. Climbing Hempweed  ______  (NA:537) (NW:100) (SP:248)  DP  Generally common, north to ME. Jul-Oct. 
     Mikania scandens
     
     Mikania scandens is also known as Climbing Boneset.
     
     
415. Golden Ragwort  ______  (NW:141)
     Packera aurea
     
     
416. Butterweed  ______  (NW:141)
     Packera glabella
     
     Other names for Packera galbella are Yellowtop and Cress-leaf Groundsel.
     
     
417. Round-leaved Ragwort  ______  (NW:141)
     Packera obovata
     
     
418. Wild-quinine  ______  (NW:108)
     Parthenium integrifolium
     
     Other names for Parthenium integrifolium are Eastern Parthenium and American-feverfew.
     
     
419. Sweet Coltsfoot  (or Butterbur)  ______  (WP:307)  PA  Apr-May.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Petasites hybridus 
     
     
420. Grass-leaf Golden Aster  ______  (NW:138)
     Pityopsis graminifolia
     
     
421. Camphorweed  _____  (NW:94)  NJ  Occasional, north to DE. Aug-Oct. 
     Pluchea camphorata
     
     
422. Marsh Fleabane  ______  (NW:94) (SP:277)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to MD. Jul-Oct. 
     Pluchea foetida
     Pluchea foetida (var. foetida)  ______  Stinking Fleabane  NJ  where it is classified as endangered.
     
     Other names for Pluchea foetida are Stinkweed or Stinking Camphorweed. 
     
     
423. Salt Marsh Fleabane  ______  (NA:538) (NW:94) (SP:276)  DP  Generally common, north to MA. Aug-Oct.
     Pluchea odorata (or purpurascens)
     
     Another name for Pluchea odorata is Sweetscent.
     
     
424. Pale-flower Leafcup  ______  (NW:109)
     Polymnia canadensis
     
     Other names for Polymnia canadensis are White-flower Leafcup or Small-flower Leafcup.
     
     
425. White Rattlesnake-root  ______  (NA:133) (NW:85)  DP
     Prenanthes alba
     
     Another name for Prenanthes alba is White Lettuce.
     
     
426. Tall Rattlesnake-root  ______  (NW:85) (WP:307)  DP  PA  SA  Aug-Sep.
     Prenanthes altissima  
     
     
427. Slender Rattlesnake-root  ______  NJ
     Prenanthes autumnalis
     
     Another name for Prenanthes autumnalis is Pine Barren Rattlesnake-root.
     
     
428. Rattlesnake-root  ______  DP  NJs
     Prenanthes serpentaria
     
     Another name for Prenanthes serpentaria is Lionfoot.
     
     
429. Gall-of-the-Earth  ______  DP
     Prenanthes trifoliolata
     
     
430. Carolina False Dandelion  ______  (NW:91) (SP:313)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to DE. Feb-Jun.
     Pyrrohopappus carolinianus
     
     Another name for Pyrrohopappus carolinianus is Carolina Desert-chicory. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered. 
     
     
431. Gray-headed Coneflower  ______  (NA:271)
     Ratibida pinnata
     
     Raibida pinnata is also called the Prairie Coneflower.
     
     
432. Black-eyed Susan  (ph)  ______  (NA:272) (NW:113) (SP:285) (WP:308)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-first frost. 
     Rudbeckia hirta (or serotina)
     
     Black-eyed Susans grow up to over 3 feet tall, with green leaves that are up to 6 inches long. 
     
     Rudbeckia hirta is also called "Yellow Daisy". 
     
     
     
     Above: a field with Black-eyed Susans in southern Pennsylvania in July 2015
     Below: a butterfly, the Pearl Crescent, feeding on a Black-eyed Susan
     (upper photo by Armas Hill, lower photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
     
     
     
433. Green-headed Coneflower  ______  (NW:112) (WP:309)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Rudbeckia laciniata
     
     Rudbeckia laciniata is also called the Cutleaf Coneflower.
     
     
434. Brown-eyed Susan  ______  (NW:113) (WP:309)  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Rudbeckia triloba
     
     Other names for Rudbeckia laciniata are Thin-leaved Coneflower or Three-lobed Coneflower.
     
     
435. Bog Buttons  ______  DP  NJ  
     Sclerolepis uniflora  
     
     In New Jersey, Sclerolepis uniflora is rare.
     
     
436. Golden Ragwort  ______  (NA:284) (WP:310)  DP  PA  Apr-Jul.
     Senecio aureus
     
     
437. Balsam Ragwort  ______  DP  NJ
     Senecio pauperculus
     
     
438. Prairie Ragwort  ______  DP
     Senecio plattensis
     
     
439. Small's Ragwort  ______  DP  SA
     Senecio smalli
     
     
440. Woolly Ragwort  ______  (SP:304)  DP  NJ  Occasional, VA north to sNJ. Apr-Jun.
     Senecio tomentosus
     
     Another name for Senecio tomentosus is Hairy Groundsel.
     
     
441. Common Groundsel  ______  (NW:571)  DP  (not native to eastern North America)
     Senecio vulgaris
     
     
442. Kidney-leaf Rosinweed  ______  (NW:114)
     Silphium compositum
     
     
443. Starry (or Whorled) Rosinweed  ______  (NW:114) (WP:311)  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Silphium asteriscus (or trifoliatum)
     
     Plants with hairy, alternate or opposite leaves are called Starry Rosinweed.
     Those with hairless to slightly hairy, whorled or opposite leaves are called Whorled Rosinweed. 
     
     Rosinweeds (in the genus Silphium) are host plants for the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis, the Silvery Checkerspot.  
     
     
444. Compass Plant  ______  (NA:285)
     Silphium laciniatum
     
     
445. Bear's-foot  ______   (NW:109)  DP  NJ
     Smallanthus (formerly Polymnia) uvedalius
     
     Other names for Smallanthus uvedalius are Yellow-flowered Leafcup or Large-flowered Leafcup.  
     In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered. 
      
     
     ****************************************************************
     
     
     Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Solidago:
     
     There are more than 100 species of goldenrods growing in North America, with about 25 of those species in the Appalachians.
     
     As a genus, Solidago is a difficult one for identification, and all the more so because they tend to hybridize.
     All of them have yellow flowers except for a single white-flowered species, Solidago bicolor.
     
     Some species of Solidago begin to flower in the early summer, and a number continue blooming until the first frost.
     They grow in a variety of habitats.   
     
     
446. Tall Goldenrod  ______  (NA:325) (NW:135)  DP
     Solidago altissima
     
     The Tall Goldenrod was previously treated as part of Solidago canadensis.
     Solidago canadensis is in another list  in this website of "Northern Plants", in Alaska.  
     
     
447. Cut-leaved Goldenrod  ______  DP
     Solidago arguta
     
     
448. White Goldenrod  ______  (NA:109) (NW:136) (WP:311)  DP  NJs  PA  SA  Jul-Oct.
     Solidago bicolor  
     
     Another name for Solidago bicolor is Silver-rod Goldenrod.
     
     
449. Blue-stemmed Goldenrod  ______  (NA:322) (NW:136) (WP:312)  DP  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Solidago caesia
     
     Another name for Solidago caesia is Wreath Goldenrod. 
     
     
450. Canada Goldenrod  ______  (NW:135) (SP:257)  DP  PA  Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
     Solidago canadensis
     Solidago canadensis  (var. canadensis)  ______  (WP:312)  PA
     Solidago canadensis  (var. scabra)  ______  (WP:313)  PA
     
     Another name for Solidago canadensis is Tall Goldenrod.
     
     
451. Slender Goldenrod (or Erect Goldenrod)  ______  DP  NJs
     Solidago erecta
     
     
452. Pine Barren Goldenrod  ______  DP  NJs  Occasional, north to NJ. Aug-first frost.
     Solidago fistulosa
     
     
453. Broad-leaved Goldenrod  ______  (NW:136)  DP
     Solidago flexicaulis
     
     Another name for Solidago flexicaulis is Zigzag Goldenrod.
     
     
454. Late Goldenrod  ______  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jul-Sep.
     Solidago gigantea
     
     
455. Grass-leaved Goldenrod  ______  DP  Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Aug-Sep.
     Solidago graminifolia
     
     
456. Hairy Goldenrod  ______  (NW:136)  NJ
     Solidago hispida
     Solidago hispida hispida  ______  NJ
     
     
457. Early Goldenrod  ______  (WP:313)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Solidago juncea
     
     
458. Field Goldenrod (or Gray Goldenrod)  ______  DP  NJs  Generally common, nNC to Nova Scotia. Jul-Oct.
     Solidago nemoralis
     
     
459. Tall Hairy Goldenrod  ______  DP
     Solidago nigosa
     
     
460. Fragrant Goldenrod  (or Sweet Goldenrod)  ______  (NA:324) (SP:256)  DP  NJs  Generally common, north to sVA. Sep-Oct.
     Solidago odora
     
     
461. Rough-leaved Goldenrod  ______  DP
     Solidago patula
     
     
462. Downy Goldenrod  ______  DP  NJs
     Solidago puberula
     
     
463. Stiff Goldenrod  ______  (NA:326) (NW:135)  NJ
     Solidago rigida
     Solidago rigida rigida  ______  Prairie Goldenrod  NJ  where it is classified as endangered
     
     Another name for Solidago rigida is Half-leaved Goldenrod. 
     
     
464. Rough Goldenrod  ______  (NA:323) (NW:135) (SP:258) (WP:314)  NJ  PA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Nov.
     Solidago rugosa  
     Solidago rugosa rugosa (var. sphagnophila)  ______  NJ
     
     Other names for Solidago rugosa are Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod and Rough-stemmed Goldenrod.
     
     
465. Seaside Goldenrod  (*) (ph)  ______  (NA:321) (NW:137) (SP:255) (WP:314)  DP  NJ  PA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Aug-Dec.
     Solidago sempervirens
     
     
     
     Seaside Goldenrod with migrating Monarch butterflies along the coast of New Jersey.
     At times, in the autumn, such goldenrod, common by the sea in the mid-Atlantic US,
     can be with many of these butterflies on their way south to where they winter in Mexico.
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
466. Showy Goldenrod  ______  (NA:327)
     Solidago speciosa
     
     
467. Stout Goldenrod  ______  DP  NJ
     Solidago squarrosa
     
     
468. Wand-like Goldenrod  ______  NJ
     Solidago stricta
     
     
469. Slender Fragrant Goldenrod  ______  (SP:260)  DP  Generally common, north to ME. Aug-Oct.
     Solidago tenuifolia (or minor)
     
     
470. Swamp Goldenrod  ______  (SP:259)  DP  NJ  Occasional, NJ north to Newfoundland, Jul-Oct.
     Solidago uliginosa
     Solidago uliginosa (var. linoides)  ______  Flax-leaf Bog Goldenrod  NJ
     Solidago uliginosa (var. uliginosa)  ______  Bog Goldenrod  NJ
     
     
471. Elm-leaved Goldenrod  ______  DP
     Solidago ulmifolia
     
     
472. Perennial Sow Thistle  ______  Occasional, NJ north to Newfoundland. Jul-Oct.
     Sonchus arvensis
     
     
473. Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle  ______  (NA:297) (SP:311)  DP  Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Oct. 
     Sonchus asper
     
     Another name for Sonchus asper is Prickly Sow-thistle.
     
     
474. Common Sow Thistle  ______  (WP:315)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Nov.  (not native in eastern North America)
     Sonchus oleraceus
     
     Sonchus oleraceus is also called Milk Thistle.
     
     
475. Perennial Sow Thistle  ______  DP
     Sonchus uliginosus
     
     
476. Common Tansy  ______  (NA:350) (NW:571) (WP:315)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.  (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia) 
     Tanacetum vulgaris
     
     
477. Common Dandelion  (*) (ph)  ______  (NA:295) (NW:569) (SP:309) (WP:276)  DP  NJs  PA  Common to very common, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul.  (not native in eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Taraxacum officinale (or erythrospermum)
     
     Dandelions are very variable plants and are often separated into different numbers of microspecies. Since they reproduce by agamospermy, the distinction between many of the microspecies is unclear. 
     
     The Dandelion is in other lists in this website of "Northern Plants", and "Texas Wildflowers".   
     
     MEDICINAL USE: roots and leaves, gathered before flowering
     
     The Dandelion is a very important medicinal herb. The roots and leaves are mixed to gain the most advantageous effects of both.
     The leaves, which are very nutritious, are diuretic and high in potassium (but have little effect on the liver). They are used, therefore, for oedema, especially if caused by a weak heart.   
     
     The Dandelion is the host plant for the moth Autographa bimaculata, the Two-spotted Looper. 
     
     
     
     Dandelion
     (photo courtesy of Gerin Hood)
     
     
478. Yellow Salsify  ______  (NA:289) (NW:569) (WP:317)  DP  PA  May-Aug.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Tragopogon dubius
     
     Another name for Tragopogon dubius is Yellow Goat's-beard.
     
     
479. Meadow Salsify  ______  (NW:569)  DP  PA  (not native to eastern North America)
     Tragopogon pratensis 
     
     
480. Salsify  ______  (NA:556)  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe) 
     Tragopogon porrifolius
     
     
481. Coltsfoot  ______  (NA:293)
     Tussilago farfara
     
     
482. Common Wingstem  ______  (NW:116) (WP:318)  PA  Aug-Sep.
     Verbesina (was Actinomeris) alternifolia
     
     Common Wingstem is a host plant for the butterfly Chlosyne nycteis, the Silvery Checkerspot.
     
     
483. Yellow Crown-beard  ______  (SP:289)  DP  SA  Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Oct.
     Verbesina occidentalis 
     
     
484. Tick-weed  ______  (SP:290)  Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Oct.
     Verbesina virginica
     
     
485. Tall Ironweed  ______  (NA:607) (NW:103) (WP:319)  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Vernonia gigantea  (var. gigantea)
     
     Another name for Vernonica gigantea is Giant Ironweed.
     
     
486. Broadleaf Ironweed  ______  DP  NJ
     Vernonia glauca
     
     
487. New York Ironweed  ______  (NA:608) (NW:103) (WP:319)  DP  PA  SA  Aug-Oct.
     Vernonia novaboracensiss
     
     
488. Cocklebur  ______  (NA:35) (SP:283)  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jul-first frost.
     Xanthium strumarium (or echinatum)
     
     
     Diapensia Family, DIAPENSIACEAE
     
     
489. Beetleweed  (ph)  ______  (NA:128) (NW:213)  SA
     Galax urceolata (or aphylla)
     
     
     
     Beetleweed
     
     
490. Flowering Pixie Moss  ______  (NA:53) (NW:212)  NJ
     Pyxidanthera barbulata
     
     The Flowering Pixie Moss is not a moss at all but a relative of the more-southerly Galax and of the boreal Diapensia.
     Pyxidanthera barbulata forms dense mats of crowded evergreen leaves, which in some years assume a deep red tint. 
     These leaves are all but concealed in the spring by multitudes of sessile white flowers. 
     
     
491. Sandhill Pixie Moss  ______  (found in the dry sandhills of North Carolina and South Carolina)
     Pyxidanthera brevifolia
     
     Like Pyxidanthera barbulata, Pyxidanthera brevifolia is not a true moss. 
     
     
492. Shortia  (ph)  ______  (NA:64) (NW:213)  SA  (found only in the southern Appalachian Mountains) 
     Shortia galacifolia
     
     Another name for Shortia galacifolia is Oconee-bells.
     
     
     
     Shortia, or Oconee-bells
     
     
     Dogbane Family, APOCYNACEAE
     
     
493. Blue Dogbane  ______  (NA:617) (NW:71)  SA
     Amsonia tabernaemontana
     
     Another name for Amsonia tabernaemontana is Eastern Bluestar.
     
     
494. Spreading Dogbane  (ph)  ______  (NA:514) (NW:71) (WP:198)  PA  SA  Generally common, PA north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Aug. 
     Apocynum androsaemifolium
     
     
     
     Spreading Dogbane
     with a Dogbane Beetle, Chrysochus auratus.
     The Dogbane Beetle is one of the most spectacular leaf beetles in eastern North America.
     It is relatively large, oval, shiny, brilliantly iridescent green, or coppery green,
     golden green, or bluish green, 
     It is exclusively associated with Spreading Dogbane, Apocynum androsaemifolium.
     The diurnal adult beetles are found on leaves throughout eastern North America 
     south from southern Canada, but not in Florida.
     (photo by Rise Hill, in southern Pennsylvania in July 2015)  
     
     
495. Hemp Dogbane  ______  (NW:71) (SP:168) (WP:198)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to NH. May-Aug.
     Apocynum cannabinum
     
     Apocynum cannabinum has also been called Indian Hemp.
     
     
496. Common Periwinkle (*)  ______  (NA:546,618) (NW:566) (WP:197)  PA  SA  Mar-Jun.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Vinca minor
     
     Vinca minor is also called Creeping Myrtle.
     
     
     Dogwood Family, CORNACEAE
     
     included here is the closely-related Tupelo Family, NYSSACEAE
     in which is the genus Nyssa.
     
     
497. Alternate-leaved Dogwood  ______  (SP:547) (ST:355)  Occasional, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Flowers May-Jun.
     Cornus alternifolia
     
     Another name for Cornus alternifolia is Pagoda Dogwood.
     
     As of 2011, the largest known Alternate-leaved Dogwood in the US has been in Morris County, New Jersey.
     Its circumference: 75 inches. Height: 30 feet.
      
     
498. Silky Cornel  ______  NJ  Occasional, VA north to NY. Flowers Jun-Jul.
     Cornus amomum
     Cornus amomum (var. schuetzeana  ______  Pale Dogwood  NJ  where it is classified as endangered
     
     Another name for Cornus amomum is Red-willow.
     
     
499. Dwarf Cornel  ______  (NA:45) (NW:204) (WP:165)  NJ  PA  Rare, nNJ north to Newfoundland. Flowers May-Jun.
     Cornus canadensis
     
     Another name for Cornus canadensis is Bunchberry.
     
     
500. Flowering Dogwood  (*) (ph)  ______  (SP:545) (ST:356)  SA  Generally common, north to ME. Flowers Mar-May.
     Cornus florida
     
     The Flowering Dogwood is the state flower of Virginia. Throughout much of Appalachia, it blooms in profusion from April to June.
     
     Cornus florida is nearly the "perfect small tree". The winter buds and twigs are attractive. The blossoms are classic in form. The autumn fruits are colorful.
     Wildlife feeds on these red fruits, When they are abundant, American Robins, feeding on them, can be plentiful.   
     
     The butterfly Celastrina ladon, the Spring Azure, or "Edward's Azure", feeds mainly on the buds of the Flowering Dogwood.
     
     As of 2011, the largest known Flowering Dogwood in the US has been in Hampton, Virginia.
     Its circumference: 106 inches. Height: 32 feet. 
     
     
     
     Flowering Dogwood
     
     
501. Red Osier  ______  (NA:165)
     Cornus stolonifera
     
     Red Osier is the showiest of the red-twigged dogwoods.
     
     
502. Swamp Dogwood  ______  NJ  Occasional, north to NC. Flowers Apr-May.
     Cornus stricta (or foemina) 
     
     Another name for Cornus foemina is Stiff Dogwood. 
     
     As of 2011, the two largest known Swamp Dogwoods have been in North Carolina and Virginia.
     In Dare County, NC with a circumference of 31 inches and a height of 21 feet.
     In Isle of Wight County, VA with a circumference of 25 inches and a height of 27 feet.  
     
     
503. Swamp Blackgum  ______  (SP:544) (ST:361)  Generally common, north to MD & possibly DE. Flowers Mar-Jun.
     Nyssa biflora
     
     Another name for Nyssa biflora is Swamp Tupelo.
     
     Nyssa biflora and Nyssa sylvatica (below) have been treated as varieties of the same species.
      
     
504. Blackgum  ______  (ST:360)  Rare north to NC, to the north common to ME. Flowers Apr-Jun.
     Nyssa sylvatica
     
     Another name for Nyssa sylvatica is Black Tupelo.  
     
     
     Duckweed Family, ARACEAE
     
     
505. Common Duckweed  ______
     Lemna minor
     
     A carnivorous damselfly, the Duckweed Firetail, is named for its association with the Common Duckweed.
     The larvae of the firetails live in the duckweed mat, so the association with duckweed is throughout the life cycle of the insect. 
     
     
506. Minute Duckweed  ______  NJ
     Lemna perpusilla
     
     Lemna perpusilla is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
507. Star Duckweed  ______  NJ
     Lemna trisulca
     
     
508. Pale Duckweed  ______  NJ
     Lemna valdiviana
     
     Lemna valdiviana is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
     Ebony Family, EBENACEAE
     
     
509. Common Persimmon  ______  (SP:566) (ST:365)  North to NY. Flowers May-Jun.
     Diospyros virginiana
     
     
     Elm Family, ULMACEAE
     
     Elm trees, in the genus Ulmus, including the American Elm (below), are host plants for the butterfly Polygonia interogationis, the Question Mark, and for the moth Acronicta vinnula, the Delightful Dagger.
         
     
510. Winged Elm ______  Rare, north to sVA.
     Ulmus alata 
     
     As of 2009, the largest known Winged Elm in the US has been in Hopewell, Virginia.
     Its circumference: 180 inches. Height: 89 feet.
     
     
511. American Elm  ______  (SP:471)  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Flowers Feb-Apr.
     Ulmus americanus (or floridana)
     
     
     Evening Primrose, or Willow-herb Family, ONAGRACEAE
     
     
512. Small Enchanter's Nightshade  ______  (NW:370)  SA
     Circaea alpina
     
     Another name for Circaea alpina is Alpine Enchanter's Nightshade.
     
     
513. Large Enchanter's Nightshade  ______  (NA:193) (NW:370) (WP:159)  DP  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Circaea lutetiana  (or quadrisulcata)
     Circaea lutetiana canadensis  ______  PA
     
     Another name for Circaea lutetiana canadensis is Broad-leaved Enchanter's Nightshade. 
     
     
514. Fireweed  ______  (NA:473) (NW:362) (WP:159)  NJ  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Epilobium (now Chamerion) angustifolium
     Epilobium angustifolium circumfagum  ______  Harrow-leaved Firewweed  NJ
     
     Chamerion angusifolium is also called Great Willow-herb.
     
     
515. American Willow-herb  ______  (NW:360)
     Epilobium ciliatum
     
     
516. Purple-leaved Willow-herb  ______  (WP:160)  DP  PA  Jul-Aug.
     Epilobium coloratum
     
     
517. Northern Willow-herb  ______  DP
     Epilobium glandulosum  (var. adenocaulon)
     
     
518. Southern Gaura  ______  (NA:519) (NW:362) (SP:143)  Generally common, north to NC. May-Oct.
     Gaura angustifolia
     
     Another name for Gaura angustifolia is Southern Beeblossom.
     
     
519. Biennial Gaura  ______  (NW:362) (WP:161)  NJ  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Gaura biennis 
     
     Another name for Gaura biennis is Biennial Beeblossom.
     
     
520. Ludwigia alata  ______  Occasional, north to sVA. Jun-Sep.
     
     
521. Common Seedbox  ______  (NW:238) (NW:369) (SP:132) (WP:162)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to MA, May-Oct.
     Ludwigia alternifolia
     
     Another name for Ludwigia alternifolia is Square-pod Water-primrose. 
     
     
522. Tucker's Island Primrose-willow   ______  NJ  Rare, north to sNJ. May-Oct.
     Ludwigia brevipes 
     
     
523. Wing-stem Water-primrose  ______  (NW:369)
     Ludwigia decurrens
     
     Another name for Ludwigia decurrens is Upright Primrose-willow.
     
     
524. Hairy Primrose-willow  ______  NJ
     Ludwigia hirtella
     
     In New Jersey, Ludwigia hirtella is rare.
     
     
525. Angle-stem Water-primrose  ______  (NW:370)
     Ludwigia leptocarpa
     
     Another name for Ludwigia leptocarpa is Angle-stem Primrose-willow.
     
     
526. Narrow-leaved Primrose-willow  ______  (SP:135)  DP NJ  Occasional, north to sNJ. Jun-Sep.
     Ludwigia linearis
     
     Another name for Ludwigia linearis is Linear-leaved Seedbox.
     
     
527. Ludwigia maritima  ______  Generally common, north to NC, Jun-Sep.
     
     
528. Ludwigia hirtella  ______  Rare, north to NC, Jun-Sep.  
     
     
529. Trailing Ludwigia  ______  (SP:134)  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. May-first frost.
     Ludwigia palustris
     
     
530. Floating Primrose-willow  ______  (NW:370) (WP:161)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Ludwigia peploides  (or Jussiaea repens var. glabrescens)
     Ludwigia peploides glabrescens  _____  PA
     
     Another name for Ludwigia peploides is Creeping Water-primrose. 
     
     
531. Ludwigia repens  ______  Occasional, north to NC, May-Oct.
     
     
532. Slender Seedbox  ______  (SP:136)  Occasional, north to sVA. Jun-Sep.
     Ludwigia virgata
     
     
533. Common Evening Primrose  ______  (NA:338) (NW:364) (SP:140) (WP:158)  DP  PA  SA  Generally common, north to Newfoundland, Jun-Oct.
     Oenothera biennis
     
     
534. Narrow-leaved Sundrops  ______  (NW:364) (SP:141) (WP:162)  DP  NJs  PA SA  Generally common, north to NH, Apr-Aug.
     Oenothera fruticosa (or linearis)
     Oenothera fruticosa fruticosa  ______  PA
     
     Oenothera fruticosa has also been called the Common Sundrops.
     
     
535. Sunbeach Evening Primrose   ______  (SP:138)  DP  NJ  Generally common, north to NY. May-first frost.
     Oenothera humifusa
     
     Another name for Oenothera humifusa is Dunes Evening Primrose.
     
     
536. Cut-leaved Evening Primrose  ______  (NW:364) (SP:139)  DP  Generally common, north to ME, Mar-Jul, into Oct in the north.
     Oenothera laciniata
     
     
537. Oenothera parviflora  ______  Generally common, NJ north to Newfoundland, May-Sep.
     
     
538. Dwarf Sundrops  ______  (WP:163)  DP  PA  Generally common, DE north to Newfoundland. May-Aug.
     Oenothera perennis
     
     Oenothera perennis is also called Small Sundrops.
     
     
539. Showy Evening Primrose  ______  (NA:443) (NW:365) (SP:142)  DP  Occasional, north to VA. Apr-Jul. 
     Oenothera speciosa
     
     Other names for Oenothera speciosa are Amapola, Pink-ladies, Pink Evening Primrose, White Evening Primrose.
     
     
540. Clubfruit Sundrops  ______  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. May-Aug.
     Oenothera tetragona  (or Oenothera fruticosa glauca)
     
     
     (or Oenothera fruticosa glauca)
     
     
     Ferns - various families
     
     
541. Climbing Fern  ______  NJ
     Lygodium palmatum  (in the family Schizaeaceae in the order Schizaeales, although by some placed in its own family Lygodiaceae)
     
     In New Jersey, Lygodium palmatum is rare.  
     
     
542. Cinnamon Fern   ______  NJ
     Osmunda cinnamomea  (in the family Osmendaceae in the order Osmunndales)
     Osmunda cinnamomea (var. glandulosa)  ______  Glandular Cinnamon Fern  NJ  where rare  
     
     Osmunda cinnamomea is now said to be the sole living species in its genus. 
     
     
543. Common Bracken  (*)  ______  NJ  (native in Eurasia)
     Pteridium aquilinum  (in the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the order Dennstaedtiales)
     
     Pteridium aquilinum is a herbaceous perennial, deciduous in the winter.
     In the New Jersey Pine Barrens, it is the most common fern.
     
     
544. Little Curlygrass Fern  (*) (ph)  ______  NJ
     Schizaea pusilla  (in the family Schizaeaceae in the order Schizaeales)
     
     
     
     Little Curlygrass Fern
      
     
     Fig-marigold, Carpetweed Family, AIZOACEAE, or FICOIDACEAE
     
     AIZACEAE here includes MOLLUGINACEAE 
     
     
545. Carpetweed  ______  (SP:29)  DP  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-first frost.
     Mollugo verticillata
     
     Another name for Mollugo verticillata is Indian-chickweed.
     
     
546. Slender Sea-purslane  _____  (NW:51)  NJ  Generally common, north to NY, common in south, rare in north, when frost-free.
     Sesuvium maritimum
     
     Another name for Sesuvium maritimum is Seabeach Purslane.
     
     
547. Shoreline Sea-purslane  ______  (NW:51) (SP:30)  Generally common, north to NC, when frost-free.  
     Sesuvium portulacastrum  
     
     
     Figwort, or Snapdragon Family, SCROPHULAREACEUS
     
     
548. Seaside Gerardia  ______  DP  Occasional, north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Jul.
     Agalinis maritima
     
     
549. Purple Gerardia  ______  (NA:475) (NW:535) (WP:240)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Aug-first frost.
     Agalinis purpurea  (was Gerardia purpurea)
     Agalinis purpurea (var. racemulosa)  (or Gerardia racemulosa)  Pine Barren Gerardia  ______  NJs
     
     Purple Gerardia is a major food source of the fall broods of the larvae of the butterfly Junonia coenia, the Buckeye. 
     
     
     
     The butterfly, Junonia coenia, the Buckeye
     
     
550. Thin-leaved Gerardia  (or Bristle-leaved Gerardia)  ______  NJs
     Agalinis setacea  (was Gerardia setacea)
     
     
551. Slender-leaved Gerardia  _____  (NW:535) (WP:240)  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Agalinis tenuifolia  (was Gerardia tenuifolia)
     
     
552. Smooth Yellow False Foxglove  ______  (NW:536) (SP:218) (WP:241)  PA  Occasional, north to Maine. May-Sep.
     Aureolaria flava (var. macrantha)  (was Gerardia flava var. macrantha)  
     
     The Smooth Yellow False Foxglove is a host plant for the butterfly Euphydryas phaeton, the Baltimore Checkerspot.
     
     
553. Appalachian Yellow False Foxglove  ______  (NA:307) (NW:536) (WP:241)  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Aureolaria laevigata  (was Gerardia laevigata) 
     
     Another name for Aureolaria laevigata is Entire-leaf Yellow False Foxglove.
     
     
554. Fern-leaf False Foxglove  ______  (NW:536) (WP:242)  NJs  PA  Aug-Sep.
     Aureolaria pedicularia  (was Gerardia pedicularia)
     
     Another name for Aureolaria pedicularia is Annual Yellow False Foxglove.
     
     
555. Downy False Foxglove  ______  (NA:308) (WP:243)  DP  PA  Occasional, VA north to MA. May-Sep.
     Aureolaria virginica  (was Gerardia virginica)
     
     
556. Blue Water-hyssop  ______  (NW:534) (SP:212)  Occasional, north to DE. Apr-Oct
     Bacopa (or Hydrotrida) caroliniana
     
     Other names for Bacopa caroliniana are Carolina Water-hyssop and Lemon Water-hyssop.
     
     
557. Coastal Water-hyssop  ______  (NW:534)  (SP:213)  Generally common, north to sVA. Apr-first frost.
     Bacopa monnieri
     
     Other names for Bacopa monnieri are Smooth Water-hyssop and Herb-of-grace.
     
     
558. American Bluehearts  ______  (NW:535)  NJ
     Buchnera americana 
     
     
559. Scarlet Indian-paintbrush  ______  (NA:420) (NW:538) (WP:244)  NJ  PA  SA  May-Jul.
     Castilleja coccinea
     
     Other names for Castilleja coccinea are Scarlet Painted-cup, and Eastern Indian-paintbrush.
     
     There is a creamy white Casteilleja coccinea (var. alba), that can be common in certain areas.  
     
     In New Jersey, Castilleja coccinea is rare.
     
     
560. White Turtlehead  ______  (NA:142) (NW:529) (WP:245)  DP  PA  SA  May-Oct.
     Chelone glabra
     
     White Turtlehead is a host plant for the butterfly Euphydryas phaeton, the Baltimore Checkerspot.
     
     
561. Pink Turtlehead  ______  (NA:478)  SA
     Chelone lyoni
     
     Another name for Chelone lyoni is Lyon's Turtlehead. 
     
     
562. Purple Turtlehead  ______  (NW:529)
     Clelone obliqua 
     
     
563. Eastern Blue-eyed Mary  ______  (NA:637) (NW:516) (WP:239)  PA  Apr-Jun.
     Collinsia verna
     
     
564. Kenilworth Ivy  ______   (NW:596) (WP:245) PA  May-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Cymblalria muralis 
     
     
565. Golden Hedge-hyssop  ______  (NW:532)  DP
     Gratiola aurea
     
     Another name for Gratiola aurea is Golden-pert.
     
     
566. Clammy Hedge-hyssop  ______  (NW:532)  DP  Rare, VA north to NY. Apr-Jun.
     Gratiola neglecta
     
     Other names for Gratiola neglecta are Common Hedge-hyssop or Mud-hyssop.
     
     
567. Hairy Hedge-hyssop  ______  (SP:211)  DP  NJ  Occasional, north to DE. Jun-Oct.
     Gratiola pilosa
     
     Another name for Gratiola pilosa is Round-fruit Hedge-hyssop.
     
     
568. Branched Hedge-hyssop  ______  (NW:532)  DP
     Gratiola ramosa
     
     
569. Smooth Gratiola  ______  (SP:210)  NJ  Occasional, north to NY. Mar-Oct.
     Gratiola virginiana
     
     
570. Blue Toadflax  (or Old Field Toadflax)  ______  (SP:208)  DP  NJs  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-Sep.
     Linaria canadenis
     
     
571. Toadflax  ______  (WP:246)  PA  Jul-Aug.  (not native to eastern North America)
     Linaria genistafolia dalmatica
     
     
572. Yellow Toadflax  ______  (NA:312) (WP:597) (SP:209) (WP:246)  DP  PA  SA  Occasional, nVA north to Greenland. May-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Linaria vulgaris
     
     Another name for Linaria vulgaris is Butter-and-eggs.
     
     
573. Slender False-pimpernel  ______  DP
     Lindernia anagallidea
     
     
574. False-pimpernel  ______  (NW:533)  DP
     Lindernia dubia
     
     Other names for Lindernia dubia are Yellow-seed False-pimpernel and Large-leaved False-pimpernel.
     
     
575. White-flowered Mecardonia  ______  (NW:533)  DP
     Mecardonia acuminata
     
     Other names for Mecardonia acuminata are Erect Water-hyssop or Axil-flower.
     
     
576. American Cow-wheat  ______  (NA:96) (NW:543) (WP:247)  DP  NJs  PA  Jul-Aug.
     Melmpyrum lineare  (var. americanum)
     
     
577. Sharp-wing Monkey-flower  ______  (NW:515)
     Mimulus alatus
     
     
578. Musk Monkey-flower  ______  (NA:304) (NW:512)  NJ
     Mimulus moschatus
     Mimulus moschatus (var. moschatus)  ______  NJ
     
     Mimulus moschatus is also called Muskflower.
     
     
579. Square-stem Monkey-flower  ______  (NA:566) (NW:515) (WP:248)  DP  PA  Jun-Sep.
     Mimulus ringens
     
     Another name for Mimulus ringens is Allegheny Monkey-flower.
     
     
580. Blue Toadflax  ______  (NA:580) (NW:518)
     Nuttallanthus canadensis
     
     
581. Princess-tree  ______  SA
     Paulownia tomentosa
     
     
582. Canadian Lousewort  ______  (NA:425) (NW:544) (WP:248)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Pedicularis canadensis 
     
     Other names for Pedicularis canadensis are Wood Betony, and Forest Lousewort.   
     
     
583. Swamp Lousewort  ______  (NW:544)  NJ
     Pedicularis lanceolata
     
     Another name for Pedicularis lanceolata is Swamp Betony.
     
     
584. Gray Beardtongue  ______  (NA:578) (WP:249)  PA  SA  May-Jul.
     Penstemon canescens
     
     
585. Foxglove Beardtongue  ______  (NW:521) (WP:250)  DP  PA  May-Jul.
     Penstemon digitalis
     
     Other names for Penstemon digitalis are Tall White Beardtongue and Smooth Beardtongue.
     
     
586. Hairy Beardtongue  ______  (NA:576) (NW:526)
     Penstemon hirsutus
     
     Penstemon hirsutus is also called the Northeastern Beardtongue.
     
     
587. Smooth Beardtongue  ______  DP  NJ
     Penstemon laevigatus 
     
     Penstemon laevigatus is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
588. Pale Beardtongue  ______  (NW:521)
     Penstemon pallidus
     
     Another name for Penstemon pallidus is Eastern White Beardtongue.
     
     
589. Chaffseed  ______  NJ
     Schwalbea americana
     
     Chaffseed are spikes of reddish snapdragon-like flowers. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     
590. Lance-leaf Figwort  ______  (NW:520) (WP:249)  PA  May-Jul.
     Scrophularia lanceolata
     
     Other names for Scrophularia lanceolata are American Figwort, Early Figwort, Hare Figwort.
     
     
591. Maryland Figwort  ______  (NA:377) (NW:520)  DP  PA  Midsummer-fall.
     Scrophularia marilandica
     
     Other names for Scrophularia marilandica are Late Figwort, and Carpenter's-square.
     
     
592. Yaupon Black-senna  ______  (NW:536)
     Seymeria cassioides
     
     Seymeria cassioides is also called Senna Seymeria. 
     
     
593. Moth Mullein  ______  (NA:152,310) (NW:598) (WP:251)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Verbascum blattaria
     
     
594. Common Mullein  ______  (NA:309) (WP:598) (SP:207) (WP:252)  DP  SA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-Nov.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Verbascum thapsus
     
     Other names for Verbascum thapsus are Woolly Mullein, Great Mullein, and Flannel-plant.
     
     
595. Field Speedwell  ______  DP
     Veronica agrestis
     
     
596. American Speedwell  ______  (NW:529)
     Veronica americana
     
     Another name for Veronica americana is American Brooklime.
     
     
597. Corn Speedwell  ______  (NA:629) (NW:596) (SP:215) (WP:252)  DP  PA  Generally common, north to Greenland. Mar-Jun.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Veronica arvensis
     
     
598. Ivy-leaved Speedwell  ______  DP
     Veronica hederaefolia
     
     
599. Common Speedwell  ______  (NA:151,585) (NW:596) (WP:253)  DP  PA  SA  May-Sep. (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Veronica officinalis
     
     
600. Purslane Speedwell  ______  (NW:530)  DP  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Aug.
     Veronica peregrina 
     
     Another name for Veronica peregrina is Neckweed. 
     
     
601. Persian Speedwell  ______  DP  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)   
     Veronica persica
     
     Another name for Veronica persica is Bird's-eye.
     
     Veronica persica is in another list in this website of "Northern Plants". in Iceland. In that list, it is called Common Field-Speedwell.
     
     
602. Marsh Speedwell  ______  (NW:529)
     Veronica scutellata
     
     Other names for Veronica scutellata are Narrow-leaved Speedwell and Grass-leaved Speedwell.
     
     
603. Thyme-leaved Speedwell  ______  (NA:150) (NW:596) (SP:216)  DP  Occasional, nVA north to Greenland. Apr-Aug. (not native to eastern North America)
     Veronica serpyllifolia
     
     
604. Culver's Root  ______  (NA:101) (NW:531) (WP:253)  DP  PA  Jun-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America)
     Veronicastrum virginicum
     
     
     Flax Family, LINACEAE
     
     
605. Sandplain Flax  ______  NJ
     Linum intercursum
     
     Linum intecursum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
606. Stiffbranch Flax  ______  (NW:330) (SP:101)  DP  Generally common, north to Maine, Jun-Oct.
     Linum medium
     
     Linum medium is also called Wild Flax, even though all of the flax here are "wild". Another name for Linum medium is Stiff Yellow Flax. 
     
     
607. Ringed Yellow Flax  ______  DP  Occasional, north to MA, Jun-Jul.
     Linum striatum
     
     
608. Grooved Yellow Flax  ______  NJ
     Linum sulcatum (var. sulcatum)
     
     Linum sulcatum is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
609. Linseed  ______  PA   (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Linum usitatissimum
     
     Linum usitatissimum is also called Common Flax. For thousands of years, it has been used for making linen.
     
     MEDICINAL USE:
     
     The seeds of Linum spp. have medicinal uses and are the source of linseed oil.
     
      
610. Woodland Flax  ______  (WP:171)  DP  NJ  PA  Generally common, VA north to MA, Jun-Oct.
     Linum virginianum
     
     Linum virginianum is also called Yellow Flax.
     
     
     Flowering Rush Family, BUTOMACEAE
     
     
611. Flowering Rush  ______  (WP:322)  PA  Jun-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Butomus umbellatus 
     
     
     Four-o'-clock Family, NYCTAGINACEAE
     
     
612. Wild Four o'clock  ______  (NW:354)  DP
     Mirabilis (was Oxybaphus) nyctaginea
     
     Other names for Miribilis nyctaginea are Heart-leaf Four o'clock and Umbrellwort.
     
     
     Fumitory, or Earthsmoke Family, FUMARIACEAE
     
     FUMARIACEAE has also been called the BLEEDING-HEART FAMILY. 
     
     Plants in the genus Dicentra are now said to be in the Poppy Family, PAPAVERACEAE.
     
     
613. Allegheny Vine  ______  (NW:251) (WP:44)  NJ  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Adlumia fungosa
     
     Other names for Adlumia fungosa are Climbing Fumitory and Mountain-fringe.
     
     In New Jersey, Adlumia fungosa is rare.
     
     
614. Yellow Corydalis  ______  (NW:250) (WP:44)  DP  PA  Apr-May.
     Corydalis flavula
     
     Another name for Corydalis flavula is Short-spur Corydalis. Corydalis species are also called fumeworts.
     
     
615. Slender Corydalis  ______  (SP:53)  Occasional, north to NC, Feb-May.
     Corydalis micrantha
     
     
616. Pale Corydalis  ______  (NA:524) (NW:251) (WP:45)  PA  May-Sep.
     Corydalis sempervirens
     
     Other names for Corydalis sempervirens are Rock Harlequin or Tall Corydalis.
     
     
617. Squirrel-corn  ______  (NW:251) (WP:45)  NJ  PA  SA  Apr-May.
     Dicentra canadensis
     
     Dicentra canadensis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
618. Dutchman's Breeches  ______  (NA:124) (NW:251) (WP:43)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-May.
     Dicentra cucullaria
     
     
619. Eastern Bleeding Heart  ______  (NA:523) (NW:252) (WP:46)  NJ  PA(rare)  May-Aug.
     Dicentra eximia
     
     Other names for Dicentra eximia are Fringed Bleeding Heart and Wild Bleeding Heart. 
     
     Dicentra eximia is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
620. Fumitory  ______  (NW:584) (WP:46)  DP  PA  May-Aug.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia) 
     Fumaria officinalis 
     
     Another name for Fumaria officinalis is Earth-smoke.
     
     
     Gentian Family, GENTIANACEAE
     
     
621. Screwstem Bartonia  ______  (NW:260)
     Bartonia paniculata
     
     
622. Virginia Bartonia  ______  (NW:260)  DP
     Bartonia virginica
     
     
623. Centaury  ______  (WP:193)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.  (not native to eastern North America, from Europe)
     Centaurium pulchellum (or umbellatum)
     
     
624. American Columbo  ______  (NW:257) (WP:194)  PA Jun
     Frasera (or Swertia) caroliniensis
     
     Frasera caroliniensis is also called the Eastern Monument Plant. 
     
     
625. Bottle Gentian  ______  (NA:636) (NW:254) (WP:195)  DP  NJ  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Gentiana andrewsii 
     Gentiana andrewsii (var. andrewsii)  ______  Fringed Bottle Gentian  NJ  where rare
     
     Gentiana andrewsii is also called Closed Gentian.
     
     
626. Pine-Barren Gentian  (*) (ph)  ______  NJ
     Gentiana autumnalis
     
     
     
     Pine-Barren Gentian
     
     
627. Sampson Snakeroot  ______  DP  NJ
     Gentiana catesbaei
     
     
628. Greater Fringed Gentian  ______  (NW:255) (WP:192)  PA  Aug-Oct.
     Gentiana (or Gentianopsis) crinata
     
     
629. Narrow-leaved Gentian  ______  NJ
     Gentiana linearis
     
     Gentiana linearis is classified in New Jersey as endangered.  
     
     
630. Stiff Gentian  ______  (NW:255) WP:195)  NJ  PA  SA  Aug-Oct.
     Gentiana (now Gentianella) quinquefolia
     Gentiana quinquefolia (var. quinquefolia0  ______  NJ
     
     Another name for Gentianella quinquefolia is Agueweed.
     
     
631. Soapwort Gentian  ______  DP  NJ
     Gentiana saponaria 
     Gentiana saponaria (var. saponaria)  ______  NJ
     
     
632. Striped Gentian  ______  (NW:254)  NJ
     Gentiana villosa
     
     Another name for Gentiana villosa is Sampson's Snakeroot.
     
     
633. Lesser Fringed Gentian  ______  (NW:255)
     Gentiana (now Gentianella) virgata
     
     
634. Virginia Pennywort  ______  (NA:219) (NW:259) (WP:196)  DP  NJ  PA  Mar-May.
     Obolaria virginica
     
     In New Jersey, Obolaria virginica is rare.
     
     
635. Rose Pink  ______  (NW:258) (WP:196)  DP  PA  SA  Jul-Sep.
     Sabatia angularis
     
     Sabatia angularis is also called Marsh Pink, or Rose-Gentian.
     
     
636. Slender Marsh Pink  ______  DP  NJ  Occasional, north to MA. May-Aug.
     Sabatia campanulata
     
     
637. Lance-leaved Centaury  ______  NJs
     Sabatia diffornis
     
     
638. Large Marsh Pink  ______  (NW:258) (SP:166)  DP  NJ  Occasional, north to CT. Jun-Sep.
     Sabatia dodecandra
     
     Another name for Sabatia dodecandra is Marsh Rose-Gentian. 
     
     
639. Sea Pink  ______  (NA:444) (SP:165)  DP  Generally common, north to MA. Jul-Oct.
     Sabatia stellaris
     
     Sabatia stellaris is also called Common Marsh Pink or Saltmarsh Pink.
     
     
     Geranium Family, GERANIACEAE
     
     The name "crane's bill" is from the shape of the seed pods once the petals have faded. The seed heads snap open like bird beaks to release the seeds.
     Other similar common names for plants in GERANIACEAE are "stork's bill" and "heron's bill".
     
     
640. Carolina Crane's-bill  ______  (NW:261) (SP:99)  Generally common, north to MA, Mar-Jul. 
     Geranium carolinianum
     
     Another name for Geranium carolinianum is Carolina Geranium. 
     
     
641. Long-stalked Crane's-bill  ______  DP
     Geranium columbinum
     
     
642. Wild Geranium  ______  (NA:442) (NW:260) (WP:179)  DP  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Geranium maculatum
     
     Another name for Geranium maculatum is Spotted Crane's -bill.
     
     
643. Dovesfoot Crane's-bill  ______  DP
     Geranium molle
     
     
644. Small-flowered Crane's-bill  ______  DP
     Geranium pusillum
     
     
645. Herb Robert  ______  (NA:548) (NW:261) (WP:180)  PA  Rare, PA north to Newfoundland, May-Sep.  (said by some not to be native to eastern North America, but it may be. Certainly native in Eurasia.)
     Geranium robertianum 
     
     
     Gooseberry Family, GROSSULARIACEAE
     
     Plants now in GROSSULARIACEAE have been said to be in the closely-related Saxifrage Family, SAXIFRAGACEAE
     
     
646. Wild Gooseberry  ______  (SP:483)  Occasional, NY north to Newfoundland. Flowers Apr-Jun.
     Ribes hirtellum
     
     
647. Round-leaved Gooseberry  ______  SA
     Ribes rotundifolium
     
     
     Goosefoot Family, CHENOPODIACEAE
     
     
648. Sea-beach Atriplex  ______  (SP:17)  Generally common, north to New Hampshire. Jul-first frost.
     Atriplex arenaria
     
     
649. Sea-beach Atriplex  ______  (SP:18)  Generally common, north to Greenland. Jul-first frost.
     Atriplex patula
     
     
650. Bassia hirsuta  ______  Occasional, VA north to MA, Jul-Sep. 
     
     
651. Lamb's-quarters  ______  (NA:21) (SP:15)  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jun-first frost.
     Chenopodium album
     
     Another name for Chenopodium album is Pigweed.
     
     
652. Wormseed  ______  (SP:16)  Generally common, north to ME. Jul-first frost.  
     Chenopodium ambrosioides
     
     Another name for Chenopodium ambrosioides is Mexican-tea. 
     
     
653. Red Goosefoot  ______  NJ  Rare, NJ north to Newfoundland. Aug-first frost. 
     Chenopodium rubrum
     
     
654. Glasswort  ______  (SP:19)  Generally common, north to Newfoundland, Jul-Oct.
     Salicornia europaea
     
     
655. Slender Glasswort  ______  (NA:409)
     Salicornia maritima
     
     
656. Saliconria virginica  (or Salicornia bigelovii)  ______  Generally common, north to Me, Jun-Oct.  
     
     
657. Russian-thistle  ______  (SP:21)  Generally common, north to Newfoundland. Jun-first frost.
     Salsola kali
     
     
658. Perennial Glasswort  ______  (SP:475)  Generally common, north to NH. Jul-Oct.
     Sarcocornia perennis 
     
     
659. Sea-blite  _____  (SP:20,20a)  Generally common, north to ME, Aug-first frost.
     Suaeda linearis 
     
     
     Gourd, or Cucumber Family, CUCURBITACEAE
     
     
660. Wild Cucumber  ______  (NA:113) (NW:209) (WP:92)  DP  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Echinocystis lobata
     
     Another name for Echinocystis lobata is Wild Balsam-apple. The fruit is inedible.  
     
     
661. Creeping Cucumber  ______  (NW:209) (SP:236)  Generally common, north to NY. Jun-first frost.
     Melothria pendula  
     
     
662. One-seeded Bur-cucumber  ______  (NW:209) (WP:91)  DP  PA  Jul-Sep.
     Sicyoa angulatus
     
     Another name for Sicyoa anugulatus is Star-cucumber.  
     
     
     Grape Family, VITACEAE
     
     
663. Pepper-vine ______  (SP:533)  Generally common, north to sVA.
     Ampelopsis arborea 
     
     Ampelopsis and various grapes (below) are host plants for the moths Eumorpha achemon, the Achemon Sphinx, Sphecodina abbottii, the Abbott's Sphinx, and Amphion floridensis, the Nessus Sphinx.  
     
     
664. Virginia-creeper  ______  (SP:532)  Generally common, north to Maine. Flowers May-Aug.
     Parthenocissus quinquefolia
     
     Another name for Parthenocissus quinquefolia is Woodbine.
     
     The Virginia-creeper is the host plant for the moth Darapsa myron, the Virginia Creeper Sphinx.
     Other host plants for that moth are the Pepper-vine (above), and various grapes (below).
     All of the plants noted here are also host plants for other related moths, Deidamia inscriptum, the Lettered Sphinx, and Eumorpha pandorus, the Pandorus Sphinx. 
     
     
     
     The Pandorus Sphinx Moth.
     The Virginia Creeper Sphinx is similar, and smaller.
     
     
665. Summer Grape  ______  (SP:529)  Generally common, north to MA. Flowers May-Jun.
     Vitis aestivalis (or rufotomentosa, or simpsonii)
     
     Another name for Vitis aestivalus is Pigeon Grape.
     
     
666. Fox Grape  ______  (SP:530)  Generally common, VA north to ME. Flowers May-Jun. 
     Vitis labrusca
     
     Another name for Vitis labrusca is Plum Grape.
     
     
667. Muscadine  ______  (SP:531)  Generally common, north to DE. Flowers May-Jun.
     Vitis rotundifolia
     
     Other names for Vitas rotundifolia are Scuppernong, or the Bullace Grape.
     
     
     Grass Family, POACEAE
     
     
668. Sweet Vernal Grass  ______  (NA:387)
     Anthoxanthum odoratum
     
     
669. Smooth Brome  ______  (NA:27)
     Bromus inermis
     
     An alternate name for Bromus inermis is Hungarian Brome.
     
     
670. Downy Brome  ______  (NA:28)  (not a native grass, from Eurasia)
     Bromus tectorum
     
     An alternate name for Bromus tectorum is Downy Cress.
     
     
671. Salt-meadow Spikegrass  ______  DP
     Distichlis spicata
     
     Habitat with Salt-meadow Spikegrass is favored by the bird, the Salt-marsh Sparrow. As is Salt-meadow Cordgrass (below, in this list).  
     
     
     
     Salt-marsh Sparrow
     (photo by Howard Eskin)
     
     
672. Barnyard Grass  ______  (NA:389)
     Echinochloa orusgalli
     
     
673. Eastern Bottlebrush Grass  ______  (NA:24)
     Elymus hystrix
     
     
674. Wand-like Switchgrass  ______  DP
     Panicum virgatum
     
     On the Delmarva Peninsula, in Dorchester County, Maryland habitats with Wand-like Switchgrass were favored by the birds, the Henslow's Sparrow and the Sedge Wren.    
     
     
675. Timothy  ______  (NA:25)
     Phleum pratense
     
     
676. Giant Reed  ______  (NW:386)
     Phragmites australis
     
     
677. Kentucky Bluegrass  ______  (NA:592)  (seems to be an introduction in eastern North America)
     Poa pratense
     
     Other names for Poa pratense are Smooth Meadow-grass or Common Meadow-grass.
     
     
678. Little Bluestem  ______  (NA:566)
     Schizachryrium scarparium
     
     
679. Indian Grass  ______  (NA:388)
     Soaghrastrum nutans
     
     
680. Salt-meadow Cordgrass  ______  DP
     Spartina patens 
     
     Habitat with Spartina patens is favored by the birds, the Black Rail and the Salt Marsh Sparrow (in photo earlier in this list).
     
     
681. Sea Oats  ______  (NA:384)
     Uniola panculata
     
     
     Greenbriar Family, SMILACACEAE
     
     
     The woody Smilax species are easy to recognize, but identification as to species is often difficult.
     Greenbrier (sp.) (NW:547) are also called Catbrier.
     
     
682. Dune Greenbrier  ______  (SP:433)  Generally common, north to NC. Apr-Jul.
     Smilax auriculata
     
     
683. Fringed Greenbrier  ______  (SP:434)  Generally common, north to MD. Mar-Jun.
     Smilax bona-nox
     
     
684. Sawbrier  ______  (SP:435)  Generally common, north to NY. Apr-Jun.
     Smilax glauca
     
     
685. Smooth Herbaceous Greenbrier  ______  DP
     Smilax herbacea
     
     Another name for Smilax herbacea is Carrion-flower.
     
     
686. Bamboo-vine  ______  (SP:436)  NJ  Generally common, north to VA. Jul-Sep.
     Smilax laurifolia
     
     
687. Downy Carrion-flower  ______  DP  NJ
     Smilax pulverulenta
     
     
688. Common Greenbrier  ______  (WP:360)  PA  Occasional, north to ME. Apr-Jun. 
     Smilax rotundifolia
     
     Other names for Smilax rotundifolia are Catbrier, and Traveler's Delay.  
     
     
     Heath Family, ERICACEAE
     
     includes what was MONOTROPACEAE, the Indian Pipe Family
     and includes what was PYROLACEAE, the Shinleaf Family 
     
     
689. Bearberry  (ph)  ______  (NA:228) (NW:216) (SP:556)  NJ  Occasional, NJ north to Greenland. May-Jul.
     Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
     Arctostaphylos uva-ursi coactilis  ______  (WP:101)  PA  May-Jul.
     
     Another name for Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is Kinnikinnick.
     
     Bearberry, a low, trailing heath, is a principal host plant for the butterfly Callophrys polios, the Hoary Elfin.
     Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is also a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
     
     
     
     Bearberry photographed during a FONT tour
     (photo by Gerin Hood)
     
     
690. Leatherleaf  (or Cassandra)  ______  (NA:123) (SP:553)  NJ  Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Mar-May.
     Chamaedaphne (or Cassandra) calyculata 
     
     Leatherleaf is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
     
     
691. Striped Pipsissewa  ______  (NA:68) (NW:451) (WP:112)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Jun-Aug.
     Chimaphila maculata
     
     Other names for Chimaphila maculata have been Striped Wintergreen, Spotted Wintergreen, and Striped Prince's-pine.
     
     
692. Pipsissewa  (or Prince's-pine)  ______  (NW:451)  NJ  PA
     Chimaphila umbrellata 
     Chimaphila umbrellata cisatlantica  ______  (WP:112)  PA  Jul-Aug.
     
     As referred to above, these two Chimaphila species were in another family, PYROLACEAE.  
     
     
693. Broom Crowberry  ______  (SP:512)  NJ  Generally common, NJ north to Newfoundland.
     Corema conradii 
     
     An unusual plant in "the plains" of the New Jersey Pine Barrens is Broom Crowberry. It comes into flower in early April.
     This small shrub is a relict species that at one time was probably distributed rather continuously along the Atlantic Seaboard, but now it occurs in the US only at some widely separated places. 
     It is dioecious, and both the pistils and stamens, including the anthers, are purple, but since they lack petals, they are quite inconspicuous. 
     
     Corema conradii is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
694. Trailing Arbutus  (or Mayflower)  (ph)  ______  (NA:513) (NW:217) (SP:554) (WP:102)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Rare, VA north to Newfoundland. Mar-May.
     Epigaea repens
     
     Trailing Arbutus is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys polios, the Hoary Elfin, as is the Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (above).
     But while Trailing Arbutus often grows alongside Bearberry, it is not limited to such sites, and so it is more widespread than the butterfly whose principal host plant is Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.   
     
      
     
     Trailing Arbutus
     
     
695. Creeping Snowberry  ______  NJ
     Gaultheria hispidula
     
     Gaultheria hispidula is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
696. Eastern Teaberry  ______  (NA:69) (NW:217) (SP:555) (WP:103)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Occasional, north to Newfoundland. Jul-Aug.
     Gaultheria procumbens
     
     Other common names for Gaultheria procumbens are Checkerberry and Wintergreen.
     
     
697. Black Huckleberry  ______  (SP:557)  NJ  Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
     Gaylussacia baccata
     
     Huckleberries, Gaylussacia spp., are host plants for the butterfly, Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
     
     
698. Dwarf Huckleberry  ______  (SP:558)  Occasional, nNJ north to Newfoundland, rare further south. Jun-Jul.
     Gaylussacia dumosa
     
     Dwarf Huckleberry and Blueberrries (below) are host plants for the moth Chrysanympha formosa, the Formosa Looper. 
     
     
699. Dangleberry  ______  Occasional, VA north to MA. Apr-Jun.
     Gaylussacia frondosa
     
     
700. Sheep Laurel  ______  (NA:512) (NW:218) (SP:549) (WP:104)  NJ  PA  Occasional, nVA north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
     Kalmia angustifolia
     
     Another name for Kalmia angustifolia is Lambkill.
     
     Sheep Laurel is a host plant for the butterfly, Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin.
     
     
701. Southern Sheep Laurel  ______  (NW:218)  SA
     Kalmia carolina
     
     
702. Mountain Laurel  ______  (NA:203) (NW:218) (WP:100)  PA  SA  May-Jul.
     Kalmia latifolia 
     
     The Mountain Laurel is the state flower of Pennsylvania. 
     
     
703. Pale Laurel  ______  NJ
     Kalmia polifolia
     
     Kalmia polifolia is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
704. Sand-myrtle  ______  (NA:508) (NW:219)  NJ
     Leiophyllum buxifolium 
     Leiophyllum buxifolium  (var. hugeri)  Huger's Sand-myrtle  ______  SA
     
     
705. Dog-hobble  ______  SA
     Leucothoe fontanesiana
     
     
706. Maleberry  ______  (NA:120) (SP:551)  SA  Occasional, north to ME. Apr-Jun.
     Lyonia ligustrina
     
     Coastal plants in the eastern US are nearly all Lyonia ligustrina (var. ligustrina),
     Lyonia ligustrina (var. foliosiflora) occurs north to sVA.
     
     Another name for Lyonia ligustrina is He-huckleberry. 
     
     
707. Fetterbush  ______  (SP:552)  Generally common, north to VA. Apr-Jun.
     Lyonia lucida
     
     
708. Staggerbush  ______  NJ
     Lyonia mariana
     
     
709. Minnie-bush  (ph)  ______  SA
     Menziesia pilosa
     
     
     
     Minnie-bush
     
     
710. Pinesap  ______  (NA:423) (WP:115)  DP  NJ  PA  Jun-Oct.
     Monotropa hypopithys 
     
     
711. Indian Pipe  ______  (NA:77) (SP:156) (WP:115)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Occasional, north to Newfoundland, Jun-Oct.
     Monotropa uniflora
     
     As referred to above, the two Monotropa species here were in another family, MONOTROPACEAE. 
     
     Monotropa uniflora is also called "Ghost Flower", or "Ghost Plant".
     
     
712. Sourwood  ______  SA
     Oxydendrum arboreum
     
     
713. Pine Drops  ______  (WP:116)  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Pterospora andromeda
     
     
714. Round-leaved Shinleaf  ______  (NW:452)  DP  SA
     Pyrola americana (or rotundifolia) 
     
     Other names for Pyrola americana are American Wintergreen or Round-leaved Wintergreen.
     
     Plants in the genus Pyrola have been in PYROLACEAE, the Shinleaf or Wintergreen family.
     
     
715. Greenish-flowered Shinleaf  ______  (NW:452) (WP:113)  NJ  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Pyrola chlorantha (or virens)
     
     Another name for Pyrola chlorantha is Green-flowered Wintergreen. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered. 
     
     
716. Waxflower Shinleaf  ______  (NA:122) (WP:113)  DP  PA
     Pyrola elliptica
     
     
717. One-sided Shinleaf  ______  (NW:452) (WP:114)  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Pyrola (now Orthilia) secunda
     
     Other names for Orthilia secunda are One-sided Wintergreen, and Sidebells.
     
     
718. One-flowered Shinleaf  ______  (NW:451) (WP:111)  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Pyrola (now Moneses) uniflora
     
     Other names for Moneses uniflora are One-flowered Wintergreen, Wood-nymph, Wax Flower, Single-delight.
     
     
     ****************************************************************
     
     
     Regarding the species that follow below in the genus Rhododendron:
     
     The word "Rhododendron" is derived from the Greek, and means "rose tree".
     As it is usually defined, it includes both evergreen forms, which are regularly referred to by the generic name, and also related plants (many of them deciduous), which we know as azaleas, native and exotic.
     
     
719. Smooth Azalea  ______  PA  SA
     Rhododendron arborescens
     
     Rhododendron arborescens is found along mountain streams or at the borders of swamps from Pennsylvania to Georgia.
     For more about the Smooth Azalea, see the notes with the Swamp Azalea (below).     
     
     
720. Dwarf Azalea  ______  NJ
     Rhododendron atlanticum
     
     In New Jersey, Rhododendron atlanticum is rare.
     
     
721. Rhodora  ______  (NA:517)  NJ  PA
     Rhododendron canadense
     
     The Rhodora is a plant of the north country. It is the most boreal of all the native rhododendrons of eastern North America.
     It is at home on summits from Newfoundland to eastern Pennsylvania. It is equally at home in bogs or on barren lands.
     Its lilac-rose flowers open before the leaves have developed. Those flowers are particularly attractive. 
     
     Rhododendron canadense is classified in New Jersey as endangered.
     
     
722. Flame Azalea  ______  (NA:369)  PA  SA
     Rhododendron calendulaceum 
     
     The Flame Azalea begins to appear as a part of the plant community in the Allegheny Plateau country of south-western Pennsylvania, and from there it extends south on the mountains to Georgia.
     According to elevation and latitude, this beautiful plant blooms from mid-May to late June. 
     
     The Flame Azalea is a host plant for the butterfly Satyrium kingi, the King's Hairstreak. 
     
     
723. Catawba Rhododendron  ______  (NA:516)  SA
     Rhododendron catawbiense 
     
     Another name for Rhododendron catawba is Mountain Rosebay.
     
     The Catawba Rhododendron is a purple-flowered southern Appalachian endemic, found from West Virginia and Virginia south to Georgia and Alabama. It is always in the mountains, but in a surprising variety of locations.
     
     This plant, and some of its relatives, have been responsible for a word in southern mountain terminology:
     Beds of Rhododendron growing on exposed slopes and rocky crests, so densely as to be close to impenetrable, are locally called "slicks". 
     When they grow as an understory in heavy woodlands, and become a trial to one trying to get through, they may be called "hells". Those who have tried going through such a growth can fully appreciate the term.   
     
     
724. Rosebay Rhododendron  _____  (NA:204) (WP:107)  PA  SA  Jun-Jul.
     Rhododendron maximum
     
     Another name for Rhododendron maximum is Great Laurel.
     
     In late June or July, the Rosebay Rhododendron blooms about a month or so after the Catawba Rhododendron (above).
     The blossoms of the Rosebay Rhododendron are white, pale pink, or even rose, with one petal of each flower marked with chartreuse-green spots.
     
     Throughout much of its range Rhododendron maximum is shrubby, but in the Southern Appalachians its stems become tree-like, sometimes 30 feet or more in height, and many inches in diameter.
     It affords food and cover for deer, turkeys, and grouse in winter weather.   
     
     The Rosebay Rhododendron is the state flower of West Virginia.  
     
     
725. Pinxter Flower  ______  (NA:518) (WP:108)  PA  SA  Mar-Jun.
     Rhododendron periclymenoides  (or Rhododendron nudiflorum)
     
     Among the native pink azaleas of eastern North America, the Pinxter Flower is well known and widely distributed.
     It is apt to have whitish or pale-pink blossoms at lower elevations, but in the highlands its color is often much deeper.  
     
     Another name for Rhododendron periclymenoides is Pink Azalea.
     
     
726. Mountain Azalea  ______  NJ
     Rhododendron prinophyllum
     
     In New Jersey, Rhododendron prinophyllum is rare.
     
     
727. Rose Azalea  ______  SA
     Rhododendron roseum
     
     The Rose Azalea is a rose-pink clove-scented heath of mountains from Maine to Tennessee.   
     
     
728. Vasey's Azalea  ______  SA
     Rhododendron vaseyi
     
     The Vasey's Azalea is of the southern Appalachian mountains as the Rhodora (above) is of the northern ranges.
     The flowers of Rhododndron vaseyi are a clear pink, and the long exerted stamens give a butterfly effect to the blossoms.
     Like the Rhodora, the Vasey's Azalea grows and thrives on open mountain crests. But it adapts as well to a variety of habitats.   
     
     
729. Swamp Azalea  ______  (NA:214) (WP:108)  NJ  Jun-Jul.
     Rhododendron viscosum
     
     Another name for Rhododendron viscosum is Clammy Azalea.
     
     The Clammy, or Swamp, Azalea is one of two white-flowered azaleas in the eastern United States.
     The other is the Smooth Azalea, Rhododendron arborescens (above).
     Both are fragrant and both bloom in the early summer. 
     Both include some individuals whose corollas are pink rather than white, although such corollas are uncommon.
     
     Rhododendron viscosum grows from Maine to South Carolina, being more common in lowland situations.     
     
     
730. Blueberry  ______  SA
     Vacccinium spp.  
     
     The Blueberry plants in the genus Vaccinium are difficult to distinguish from each other.
     
     Blueberries. Vaccinium spp., are host plants for the butterfly Callophrys augustinus, the Brown Elfin, and for the moth Catocala sordida, the Sordid Underwing. 
     
     
731. Low Sweet Blueberry  ______  (SP:559)  Generally common, nNJ north to Newfoundland. May-Jun.
     Vaccinium angustifolium
     
     
732. Sparkleberry  ______  (SP:561)  Generally common, north to NC. Apr-Jun.
     Vaccinium arboreum
     
     Another name for Vaccinium arboreum is Tree Blueberry.
     
     
733. Highbush Blueberry  ______  (NA:227) (SP:560)  NJ  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Feb-Jun (earlier to the south).
     Vaccinium corymbosum (or atrococcum, or elliottii, or simulatum)
     
     Vaccinium species are host plants for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin.
     
     
734. Large Cranberry  (or American Cranberry)  ______  (NA:70) (NW:220) (SP:563) (WP:109)  NJ  PA  Occasional, MD north to Newfoundland. May-Jul.
     Vaccinium macrocarpum
     
     Early colonial settlers in New Jersey called Vaccinium macrocarpum the "crane-berry", as its flower resembled the neck (stem), head (curled back lobes), and beak (stamens) of a crane. 
     
     The Large Cranberry is a host plant for the butterfly Lycaena epixanthe, the Bog Copper in the southern part of its range. 
     Further north, that butterfly's favored host plant is the Small Cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos (not in this list as it occurs north of the geographic range covered here).  
     
     
735. Small Cranberry  ______  (NW:220)  NJ
     Vaccinium oxycoccos
     
     In New Jersey, Vaccinium oxycoccos is rare. 
     
     
736. Lowbush Blueberry  ______  Rare, nNC, north to Nova Scotia, Mar-May.
     Vaccinium pallidum (or vacillans)
     
     
737. Deerberry  ______  (SP:564) (WP:110)  PA  SA  Occasional, north to PA. Apr-Jun. 
     Vaccinium stamineum
     
     Deerberry is a host plant for the butterfly Limenitis arthemis astyanax, the Red-spotted Purple.
     
     
     Hemp Family, CANNABACEAE
     
     The Hackberry trees were in the Elm Family, ULMACEAE.
     
     Hackberry trees, in the genus Celtis, are host plants for the butterflies Nymphalis antiopa, the Mourning Cloak, and Polygonia interrogationis, the Question Mark.  
     
     
738. Southern Hackberry  ______  (SP:472) (ST:297)  Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Apr-May.
     Celtis laevigata
     
     Another name for Celtis laevigata is Sugarberry.
     
     Celtis laevigata is a host plant for the butterfly Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor.
     Eggs of the Hackberry Emperor are laid in small clusters of 1 to 20. The female of the Tawny Emperor lays several hundred eggs in clusters beneath leaves or on bark.   
     
     
739. Northern Hackberry  ______  (ST:296)  Rare, VA north to MA. Flowers Apr-May.
     Celtis occidentalis
     
     Celtis occidentalis is a host plant for the buttterfly, Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor. (See note with Celtis laevigata.)
     
     
740. Dwarf Hackberry  ______  (ST:298)  NJ
     Celtis tennuifolia
     
     Celtis tennuifolia is a host plant for the butterfly, Asterocampa celtis, the Hackberry Emperor, and Asterocampa clyton, the Tawny Emperor. (See note with Celtis laevigata.)
     
     In New Jersey, Celtis tennuifolia is rare.
     
     
     Holly Family, AQUIFOLIACEAE
     
     
741. Carolina Holly  ______  Occasional, north to NC. Flowers Apr-Jun.
     Ilex ambigua
     
     
742. Ilex coriacea  ______  Rare, NC. Flowers Apr-May. 
     
     
743. Inkberry  ______  (SP:522)  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Flowers May-Jul.
     Ilex glabra
     
     
744. Mountain Winterberry  ______  (ST:396)  NJ
     Ilex montana
     
     Another name for Ilex montana is Mountain Holly. In New Jersey, it is classified as endangered.
     
     As of 2007, the largest known Mountain Winterberry in the US has been in Giles, Virginia.
     Its circumference: 30 inches. Height: 40 feet. 
     
     
745. American Holly  ______  (SP:520) (ST:395)  SA  Generally common, north to MA. Flowers Apr-Jun.
     Ilex opaca
     
     Ilex opaca is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin. 
     
     As of 2007, one of the two largest known American Holly trees in the US has been in Alexandria, Virginia.
     Its circumference: 141 inches. Height: 68 feet.
     The other largest American Holly in the US, also as of 2007, has been in Georgia.  
     
     
746. Winterberry  ______  (NA:230,427) (SP:523)  Generally common, VA north to Newfoundland. Flowers Apr-Jul.
     Ilex verticillata 
     
     As of 2009, the two largest known Winterberry trees in the US have both been in Virginia.
     In Orange, with a circumference of 17 inches and a height of 19 feet.
     In Chesapeake, with a circumference of 25 inches and a height of 14 feet.  
     
     
747. Yaupon  ______  (NA:229,428) (SP:521)  Generally common, north to VA. Flowers Mar-Jun.
     Ilex vomitoria
     
     Ilex vomitoria is a host plant for the butterfly Callophrys henrici, the Henry's Elfin.
     
     
     Honeysuckle Family, CAPRIFOLIACEAE
     
     
748. Bush Honeysuckle  ______  (NA:355)  SA
     Diervilla sessilifolia
     
     
749. Twinflower  ______  (NA:463) (NW:191) (WP:269)  NJ  PA  Jun-Aug.
     Linnaea borealis  (var. americana)
     
     Linnaea borealis (var. americana) is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
750. American Fly-honeysuckle  ______  NJ
     Lonicera canadensis
     
     Lonicera canadensis is classified in New Jersey as endangered. 
     
     
751. Limber Honeysuckle  ______  (NW:191)
     Lonicera dioica
     
     Lonicera dioica is also called Wild Honeysuckle.
     
     
752. Japanese Honeysuckle  (*) (ph)  ______  (NA:94) (NW:577) (SP:582) (WP:270)  DP  NJ  PA  SA  Common, north to MA. Apr-Jul.  (not native to eastern North America, from Asia)
     Lonicera japonica (var. japonica)
     
     
     
     Japanese Honeysuckle
     (photo by Marie Gardner)
     
     
753. Amur Honeysuckle  (ph)  ______  DP  NJ  PA  (NA:433)  (not native to eastern North America, from Asia)
     Lonicera maackii 
     
     
     
     The berries of the Amur Honeysuckle
     (photo by Marie Gardner)                           
     
     
754. Trumpet Honeysuckle  ______  (NA:418) (NW:191) (SP:583) (WP:270)  PA  SA  Occasional, north to MD. Mar-Jul.  (not native to eastern North America) 
     Lonicera sempervirens
     
     Other names for Lonicera sempervirens are Trumpet Vine or Coral Honeysuckle.
     
     
755. Tartarian Honeysuckle  ______  (NA:93,435)  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia) 
     Lonicera tatarica
     
     
756. Common Elderberry  ______  (NA:166) (SP:579) (WP:271)  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. May-Jul.
     Sambucas canadensis
     
     Sambucas canadensis is also called Black Elderberry.
     
     
757. Red-berried Elderberry  ______  (NA:434) (WP:271)  PA  SA  Apr-Jun.
     Sambucus racemosa  (var. pubens)  (or Sambucus pubens)
     
     
758. Common Snowberry  ______  (NA:231)
     Symphoricarpus albus
     
     
759. Coralberry  ______  SA
     Symphoricarpus orbiculatus  
     
     
760. Orange-fruit Horse-gentian  ______  (NA:424) (NW:190) (WP:272)  DP  PA  May-Jul.
     Triosteum aurantiacum  (var. glaucexcens)
     
     Another name for Triosteum aurantiacum has been "Wild Coffee". Other names are Feverwort and Tinker's-weed. 
     
     
761. Perfoliate Horse-gentian  ______  (NW:190)
     Triosteum perfoliatum
     
     Other names for Triosteum perfoliatum are Feverwort and Tinker's-weed.
     
     
     Viburnum sp. (below) are host plants for the butterfly Celastrina ladon, the Spring, or Edwards' Azure, and for the moth Zale horrida, the Horrid Zale.
     
     
762. Maple-leaved Viburnum  ______  (NA:168)  SA
     Viburnum acerifolium
     
     
763. Hobblebush  (ph)  ______  (NA:167)  SA
     Viburnum alnifolium (or, now lananoides)
     
     Another name for Vibunrum alnifolium, or Viburnum lananoides, is Moosewood. 
     
     
     
     Hobblebush
     
     
764. Wild Raisin  ______  (NA:163)
     Viburnum cassinoides
     
     Another name for Viburnum cassinoides is Witherod.
     
     
765. Veiny-leaved Arrow-wood  ______  (NA:162)  NJ  Occasional, north to VA. Jun-Aug.  
     Viburnum dentatum
     Viburnum dentatum (var. venosum)  ______  NJ  where rare
     
     
766. Possum-haw  ______  Occasional, north to NC, also DE to NY. Apr-May.
     Viburnum nudum
     
     
767. Arrow-wood  ______  (SP:580)  Occasional, MD north to New Brunswick. May-Jul.
     Viburnum recognitum
     
     
     Hydrangea Family, HYDRANGEACEAE
     
     
768. Wood-vamp  ______  (NW:262)
     Decumaria barbara
     
     Another name for Decumaria barbara is Climbing Hydrangea.
     
     
769. Wild Hydrangea  ______  (WP:122)  PA  SA  Jun-Jul.
     Hydrangea arboescens 
     
     
     Hypoxis, or Daffodil Family, HYPOXIDACEAE
     
     The genus Hypoxis has also been in the AMARYLLIS Family. 
     
     
770. Yellow Star Grass  (or Common Star Grass)  ______  (NW:329) (SP:341) (WP:343)  DP  NJs  PA  SA  Occasional, north to ME. Mar-Sep.
     Hypoxis hirsuta
     
     Another name for Hypoxis hirsuta is Common Goldstar.
     
     
771. Snowflake  ______  DP
     Leucojum aestivum
     
     
     Iris Family, IRIDACEAE
     
     
772. Blackberry-lily  ______  (NA:368) (NW:585)  DP  (not native to eastern North America, from eastern Asia)
     Belamcanda chinensis
     
     
773. Dwarf Crested Iris  (ph)  ______  (NA:550,612) (NW:273) (WP:358)  PA  SA  Apr-May.
     Iris cristata
     
     
     
     Dwarf Crested Iris
     
     
774. Slender Blue Flag  ______  DP  Occasional, DE north to Nova Scotia. May-Jun.
     Iris prismatica
     
     
775. Yellow Flag  ______  (NA:270) (NW:585) (WP:358)  DP  PA  May-Jul.  (not native to eastern North America, from Eurasia)
     Iris pseudacorus
     
     
776. Dwarf Iris  ______  (NW:273)  DP
     Iris verna
     
     
777. Northern Blue Flag  ______  (NA:611) (NW:273) (SP:342) (WP:357)  DP  PA  Occasional, PA & NJ north to Newfoundland. May-Jul. 
     Iris versicolor
     
     Other names for Iris versicolor are Larger Blue Flag, or simply Blue Flag.
     
     
778. Southern Blue Flag ______  (NW:273)  Generally common, north to sVA. Apr-May.
     Iris virginica
     
     
779. Atlantic Blue-eyed Grass  ______  (SP:344) (WP:359)  DP  NJs  PA  Generally common, north to Nova Scotia. Mar-Jun. 
     Sisyrinchium atlanticum
     
     Another name for Sisyrinchium atlanticum is Eastern Blue-eyed Grass.
     
     
780. Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Grass  ______  (NA:613) (NW:276) (WP:359)  PA  SA  Generally common, NC north to Newfoundland. Mar-Jul. 
     Sisyrinchium angustifolium
     
     
781. Sisyrinchium arenicola  ______  Rare, north to Nova Scotia. Apr-Jul.
     
     
782. Winged Blue-eyed Grass  ______  DP
     Sisyrinchium graminoides
     
     
783. Strict Blue-eyed Grass  ______  NJ  Occasional, NJ north to Nova Scotia. Jun-Jul.
     Sisyrinchium montanum
     Sisyrinchium montanum  (var. crebrum)  ______  NJ
     
     
784. Sisyrinchium mucronatum  ______  Occasional, north to ME. May-Jun.  
     
     
     
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