With some photos courtesy of our  tour participants and others.
Our thanks to those who have contributed!

Link to Part 2 of this List & Photo Gallery of Hummingbirds

And Even More Hummingbird Photos during the Fall of 2012

Above & below: three Jacobins at a feeder
during the April 2014 Ecuador Tour
(photos by Marie Gardner) 

HERE IN PART 1 OF THIS LIST,

LINKS TO THESE HUMMINGBIRD GROUPINGS:

Euptomena: SWALLOW-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD

Ramphodon, Glaucis, Anopetia, Phaethornis: HERMITS

includes in RAMPHODON: Saw-billed Hermit 
includes in GLAUCIS: Hook-billed Hermit, Rufous-breasted Hermit, Bronzy Hermit
includes in ANOPETIA: Broad-tipped Hermit
includes in PHAETHORNIS: White-whiskered Hermit, Green Hermit,
Tawny-bellied Hermit, Mexican Hermit, Baron's Hermit, Great-billed Hermit,
White-bearded Hermit, Koepcke's Hermit, Needle-billed Hermit, Straight-billed Hermit,
Pale-bellied Hermit, Scale-throated Hermit, Planalto Hermit, Sooty-capped Hermit,
Buff-bellied Hermit, Dusky-throated Hermit, Streak-throated Hermit, Rupurumi Hermit,
Minute Hermit, Cinnamon-throated Hermit, Reddish Hermit,
White-browed Hermit, Black-throated Hermit, Little Hermit,
Stripe-throated Hermit, Gray-chinned Hermit

Threnetes: BARBTHROATS

includes Pale-tailed Barbthroat, Band-tailed Barbthroat

Eutoxeres: SICKLEBILLS

includes White-tipped Scklebill, Buff-tailed Sicklebill

Androdon: TOOTH-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD

Doryfera: LANCEBILLS

includes Green-fronted Lancebill, Blue-fronted Lancebill

Campylopterus: SABREWINGS

includes Violet Sabrewing, Wedge-tailed Sabrewing,
Long-tailed Sabrewing, Gray-breasted Sabrewing, Rufous Sabrewing,
Rufous-breasted Sabrewing, White-tailed Sabrewing,
Lazuline Sabrewing, Buff-breasted Sabrewing, Napo Sabrewing,
Santa Marta Sabrewing, Scaly-breasted Hummingbird  

Aphantochroa: SOMBRE HUMMINGBIRD

Florisuga: JACOBINS

includes Black Jacobin, White-necked Jacobin

Colibri: VIOLETEARS

includes Green Violetear, Brown Violetear,
Sparkling Violetear, White-vented Violetear

Anthracothorax: MANGOS

includes Green-breasted Mango, Black-throated Mango, 
Veraguan Mango, Green-throated Mango,
Antillean Mango, Green Mango, Jamaican Mango

Avocettula: FIERY AWLBILL

Topaza, Chrysolampis : TOPAZES

includes in TOPAZA: Crimson Topaz, Fiery Topaz
includes in CHRYSOLAMPIS: Ruby Topaz  

Eulampis: CARIBS

includes: Purple-throated Carib, Green-throated Carib 

Orthorhyncus: ANTILLEAN CRESTED HUMMINGBIRD

Klais: VIOLET-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD

Stephanoxis: PLOVERCREST

Abeillia: EMERALD-CHINNED HUMMINGBIRD

Lophornis: COQUETTES

includes Tufted Coquette, Dot-eared Coquette, Frilled Coquette,
Short-crested Coquette, Rufous-cresed Coquette, Spangled Coquette,
Festive Coquette, Peacock Coquette, Black-crested Coquette,
White-crested (or Adorable) Coquette

Discosura: THORNTAILS

includes Wire-crested Thorntail, Black-bellied Thorntail,
Green Thorntail, Coppery Thorntail, Racket-tailed Coquette

Trochilus: STREAMERTAILS

includes Red-billed Streamertail, Black-billed Streamertail

Chlorostilbon, Elvira: EMERALDS

includes in CHLOROSTILBON: Cozumel Emerald, Canivet's Emerald,
Salvin's Emerald, Garden Emerald, Golden-crowned Emerald,
(the previous were part of what was the Fork-tailed Enerald),
Blue-tailed Emerald, Western Emerald,
(Western Emerald is split from the Blue-tailed Emerald),
Chiribiquete Emerald, Glittering-bellied Emerald,
Cuban Emerald, Hispaniolan Emerald, Puerto Rican Emerald,
Coppery Emerald, Narrow-tailed Emerald,
Green-tailed Emerald, Short-tailed Emerald
includes in ELVIRA: Copper-headed Emerald, White-tailed Emerald   

Panterpe: FIERY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD

Eupherusa, Goethalsia, Goldmania, Cyanophaia

includes in EUPHERUSA: Stripe-tailed Hummingbird, White-tailed Hummingbird, 
Black-bellied Hummingbird, Oaxaca Hummingbird 
includes in GOETHALSIA: Pirre Hummingbird
includes in GOLDMANIA: Violet-capped Hummingbird
includes in CYANOPHAIA: Blue-headed Hummingbird

Cynanthus: BROAD-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD

Also includes Dusky Hummingbird

Thalurania: WOODNYMPHS

includes Violet-crowned Woodnymph, 
Green-crowned Woodnymph, Emerald-bellied Woodnypmph
(the above 3 have been combined to be Crowned Woodnymph),
Fork-tailed Woodnymph, Violet-capped Woodnymph,
Long-tailed Woodnymph, Mexican Woodnymph

Damophila, Lepidopyga

includes in DAMOPHILA: Violet-bellied Hummingbird
includes in LEPIDOPYGA: Sapphire-throated Hummingbird, 
Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird, Shining-green Hummingbird

Chlorestes, Hylocharis, Chrysuronia: SAPPHIRES

Leucochloris: WHITE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD

Polytmus: GOLDENTROATS

Leucippus, Taphrospilus

includes in LEUCIPPUS: Buffy Hummingbird, Tumbes Hummingbird,
Spot-throated Hummingbird, Olive-spotted Hummingbird
includes in TAPHROSPILUS: Many-spotted Hummingbird
 

MORE HUMMINGBIRD GROUPINGS
IN PART 2 OF THIS LIST

A Green Violet-ear photographed during a FONT tour
in Costa Rica in March 2012
(photo by Virginia Woodhouse)
Below are photos of two other hummingbirds we saw in Costa Rica in March 2012,
the Coppery-headed Emerald and the Fiery-throated Hummingbird   

Other Links:

 
FOCUS ON Nature Tours
with hummingbirds, in:

ARIZONA, USA 

CENTRAL aMERICA 
(mexico, BELIZE. guatemala,
costa rica, panamA)

THE WEST INDIES

SOUTH AMERICA  (BRAZIL & ECUADOR)

SOUTH AMERICA  (ARGENTINA & CHILE)



LISTS & PHOTO GALLERIES OF BIRDS IN:

North America     Mexico   the Caribbean

Central America    Brazil      Chile     Ecuador

FOR MORE ABOUT PLANTS REFERRED TO HERE,
THE LINKS BELOW GO TO LISTS AND PHOTO GALLERIES
WITH PLANTS OF THE TROPICS, AND THE DESERT

Tropical Plants of Mexico, Central America, South America,
and Caribbean Islands
(in 3 parts, over 1,500 plants) 

Desert Plants of the western US & northern Mexico
(over 850 plants)

Plant Genera in the FONT Website    

A List and Photo Gallery of Hummingbirds

compiled by Armas Hill

Codes:

Places where Hummingbirds 
have been seen during FONT Tours
are noted with an (*) 
after the two-letter code

AK:   Alaska, US
AR:   Argentina, South America
AZ:   Arizona, US
BL:   Bolivia, South America
BR:   Brazil, South America
BZ:   Belize, Central America
CA:   California, US
CH:   Chile, South America
CL:   Colombia, South America
CO:   Colorado, US
CR:   Costa Rica, Central America
DE:   Delaware, US
DM:   Dominica, West Indies
DR:   Dominican Republic, West Indies
EC:   Ecuador, South America
FL:   Florida, US
GU:  Guatemala, Central America
HN:   Honduras, Central America
JM:   Jamaica, West Indies
MX:   Mexico
NC:   North Carolina, US
NM:  New Mexico, US
PE:   Peru, South America
PG:   Paraguay, South America 
PN:   Panama, Central America
PR:   Puerto Rico, West Indies
SL:   Saint Lucia, West Indies
SV:   Saint Vincent, West Indies
TT:   Trinidad and Tobago 
TX:   Texas, US
UG:   Uruguay, South America
VE:   Venezuela, South America


Status of Hummingbirds, as designated by 
Birdlife International
 
(t): a globally threatened, or rare, species
     (t1): critical
     (t2): endangered
     (t3): vulnerable
(nt): a near-threatened species globally
(nt-dd): possibly near-threatened, but data deficient  

John Gould, who lived from 1804 to 1881, described many species and subspecies of hummingbirds. He was one of the most prolific artists and publishers of ornithological subjects. Nearly 3,000 lithographs were created during the span of his work.
In this two-part list, species and subspecies of hummingbirds described by Gould are noted, and there are illustrations of some of his lithographs, of the Band-tailed Barbthroat, Sombre Hummingbird, White-tailed Emerald, Brazilian Ruby, and Black-eared Fairy. 
  

          EUPETOMENA

1. Swallow-tailed Hummingbird  _____  BR(*)  PG
   Eupetomena macroura
   
   SUBSPECIES:
   Eupetomena macroura boliviana  ______  subspecies in northwest Bolivia, described in 1959
   E. m. boliviana has a green head
   Eupetomena macroura cyanoviridis  ______  subspecies in southeast Brazil, described in 1988
   Eupetomena macroura hirundo  ______  subspecies in eastern Peru, described by Gould in 1875
   E. m. hirundo is more drab and shorter tailed than other subspecies  
   Eupetomena macroura macroura  ______  subspecies in the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay
   Eupetomena macroura simoni  ______  subspecies in northeast Brazil    
   E. m. simoni has a bluer back and belly than other subspecies 
     
   (photo below)
   
   
   
   
   RAMPHODON
   
   
2. Saw-billed Hermit  (nt)  ______ BR(*)
   Ramphodon naevius
   
   The geographic range of the Saw-billed Hermit is in southeast Brazil. 
   
   The Saw-billed Hermit has a long and rather heavy-looking straight bill with serrated edges to the mandibles. The bill-tip of the male also has a small but distinct hook.
   The species is a solitary trapline feeder, but an individual can aggressively challenge and chase other hummingbirds, including other Saw-billed Hermits, that are encountered along its route.  
   The Saw-billed Hermit visits flowers with long corollas, and picks insects from foliage.  
     
   (photos below; the lower photo taken during by Marie Gardner 
   during the March 2008 FONT Brazil Tour )
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   GLAUCIS
    
   
3. Hook-billed Hermit  (t2)  ______  BR
   Glaucis dohrnii
   
   The geographic range of the Hook-billed Hermit is in southeast Brazil, recently only in the states of Espirito Santo and Bahia.
   
   The Hook-billed Hermit has a rather straight bill with a small hook at the tip. 
   The bird feeds mainly in the forest understory favoring Heliconia flowers, and like other hermits it is a trapliner.
   
   The Hook-billed Hermit was classified as critically endangered until 2000, when surveys indicated that it was somewhat more common than had been supposed.
   However, the estimated total population of the Hook-billed Hermit is very small, probably between 350 and 1,500 individuals, and its population is fragmented due to widespread habitat loss in the bird's small geographic range   
   
   
4. Rufous-breasted Hermit  ______  BL  BR(*)  EC(*)  PE  TT  VE(*)  (has also been called the Hairy Hermit)
   Glaucis hirsutus
   
   SUBSPECIES:
   Glaucis hirsutus hirsutus  ______  subspecies from Panama to Bolivia and to the Guianas
   Glaucis hirsutus insularum  an old name was Trinidad Hairy Hermit  ______  subspecies on Grenada and Trinidad & Tobago
   
   The subspecies Glaucis hirsutus affinis is no longer valid, now merged with G. h. hirsutus. It was in Panama.
   
   The Rufous-breasted Hermit eats small spiders and insects, and the nectar of various flowers, especially Heliconia.   
   
   In Ecuador, the Rufous-breasted Hermit occurs up to 3,300 feet above sea level.
   
   The Rufous-breasted Hermit is closely related to the similar, but slightly smaller, Bronzy Hermit (below).
        
   
   
5. Bronzy Hermit  ______  CR(*)  EC  PN(*)
   Glaucis aeneus
   
   The geographic range of the Bronzy Hermit is from eastern Honduras to western Ecuador.
   
   The Bronzy Hermit has sometimes been merged as a single species with the very-similar Rufous-breasted Hermit (above).
   
   The Bronzy Hermit is typically a trapline feeder, generally feeding in the understory on insects and small spiders, and on the nectar of various flowers, especially Heliconia. 
   
   In Ecuador, the Bronzy Hermit occurs locally up to 1,800 feet above sea level. 
   
   
   ANOPETIA
   
   
6. Broad-tipped Hermit  ______  BR(*)
   Anopetia gounellei 
   
   The geographic range of the Broad-tipped Hermit is in eastern Brazil, mostly in the states of Bahia, Piaui, and Ceara.   
   
   The Broad-tipped Hermit is a fairly small, slenderly-built bronzy-brown hummingbird. The sexes look the same.
   The species is rather uncommon and not well known.
   The Broad-tipped Hermit inhabits dense thorny caatinga forest. 
   Like other hermits, it is a trapliner, working its way around a predictable circuit from flower to flower when feeding.   
   
   
   PHAETHORNIS
   
   
7. White-whiskered Hermit  _____  CL  EC(*)  (another name was Yaruquian Hermit)
   Phaethornis yarugui
   
   Phaethornis yarugui sanctijohannis is not now recognized as a valid subspecies, as it was an immature bird. It was called the St. Johanna's Hermit.
   
   The geographic range of the White-whiskered Hermit is in western Colombia and western Ecuador. In Ecuador, the White-whiskered Hermit occurs mostly below 3,900 feet above sea level.
   
   (photo below, courtesy of Larry O'Meallie)
   
   
   
   
   
8. Green Hermit  ______  CL  CR(*)  EC(*)  PE  PN(*)  TT  VE(*)
   Phaethornis guy
   
   SUBSPECIES:
   Phaethornis guy apicalis  ______  subspecies from northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela to southeast Peru
   P. g. apicalis is as small as the subspecies emiliae, but with a longer bill
   Phaethornis guy coruscus  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica, Panama, northwest Colombia
   P. g. coruscus is the brightest subspecies
   Phaethornis guy emiliae  ______  subspecies in west-central Colombia
   P. g. emiliae is smaller than the subspecies coruscus and guy, and with the shortest bill
   Phaethornis guy guy  an old name was Guy's Hermit  ______  subspecies in northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad 
   P. G. guy is larger and darker than the other subspecies 
   
   Away from feeders, the Green Hermit feeds in the canopy more than most hermits. It visits a wide variety of flowers including introduced species.
   Males gather in leks that may contain several dozen individuals, each delivering its simple repetitive song from within thick shrub.  
   
   In Ecuador, the Green Hermit occurs mostly from 2,700 to 5,400 feet above sea level.
   
   (photo below, by Marie Grenouillet)
   
   
   
   
   (in the photo below, a Green Hermit resting on a wooden railing of the porch
    of a cabin where we stayed during the FONT Ecuador Tour in April 2014.
    Hummingbirds are not always so still, or so close.
    photo by Marie Gardner)
   
   
   
   
   
9. White-bearded Hermit  ______  BR(*)  EC(*)  VE(*)  (species described by Gould in 1846)
   Phaethornis hispidus
   
   The geographic range of the White-bearded Hermit is from eastern Venezuela to western Brazil and Bolivia. In Ecuador, it occurs below 1,800 feet above sea level.
   
   (photo below, courtesy of Larry O'Mealie)
   
   
   
   
   
10. Long-billed Hermit  ______  BZ(*)  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  MX  PN(*)   
    Phaethornis longirostris 
    
    What is now the Long-billed Hermit was part of the Long-tailed Hermit, Phaethornis superciliosus, which is now a species only in South America, and it was previously part of the Great-billed Hermit, also South American.
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis longirostris cephalus  an old name was Nicaraguan Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies from eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia  
    P. l. cephalus is the brightest subspecies
    Phaethornis longirostris griseoventer  ______  subspecies in western Mexico
    Phaethornis longirostris longirostis  an old name was Guatemalan Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies from southern Mexico to northern Honduras
    Phaethornis longirostris sussurus  an old name was Buzzing Long-billed Hermit  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia
    
    Males of the Long-billed Hermit lek in groups, calling continuously while pumping their tails.
    
    
11. Mexican Hermit  ______  MX  (has been part of the Long-billed Hermit, above)
    Phaethornis mexicanus
    
    The geographic range of the Mexican Hermit is in southwest Mexico. Phaethornis mexicanus is larger and darker than Phaethornis longirostris. 
    
    
12. Baron's Hermit  ______  EC(*)  PE  (has been part of the Long-billed Hermit, above) 
    Phaethornis baroni
    
    The Baron's Hermit is nearly endemic to Ecuador, but is also in northwest Peru. It occurs mostly below 3,900 feet above sea level. 
    
    
13. Long-tailed Hermit  ______  BR(*)  VE(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1766) 
    Phaethornis superciliosus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis superciliosus muelleri  ______  subspecies in northern Brazil
    Phaethornis superciliosus superciliosus  an old name was Guiana Hermit  ______  subspecies in southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil 
    
    The Long-tailed Hermit is a trapline feeder, favoring Heliconia and Passiflora flowers.
    
    
14. Great-billed Hermit  ______  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PE  VE
    Phaethornis malaris
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis malaris bolivianus  an old name was Bolivian Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies in southeastern Peru, Bolivia, western Brazil
    Phaethornis malaris insolitus  an old name was Zimmer's Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, northern Brazil  
    Phaethornis malaris malaris  an old name was Nordmann's Long-tailed Hermit    ______  subspecies in the Guianas, northern Brazil 
    Phaethornis malaris margarettae  ______  subspecies in eastern Brazil, described by Ruschi in 1972
    Phaethornis malaris moorei  an old name was Moore's Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northern Peru    
    Phaethornis malaris ochrceiventris  an old name was  Ochre-vented Long-tailed Hermit  ______  subspecies in northeastern Peru, western Brazil 
    
    Most of the above subspecies were part of what was an expanded Long-tailed Hermit, Phaethornis superciliosus.   
    
    In Ecuador, the Great-billed Hermit occurs mostly below 3,000 feet above sea level.
    
    
15. Tawny-bellied Hermit  ______  CL  EC(*)  PE  (species described by Gould in 1851)
    Phaethornis syrmatophorus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis syrmatophorus columbiansus  an old name was Colombian Tawny-bellied Hermit  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northern Peru; in Ecuador, on the east slope of the Andes
    Phaethornis syrmatophorus syrmatophorus  ______  subspecies from western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador; in Ecuador, on the west slope of the Andes 
    
    The subspecies Phaethornis syrmatophorus huallagae, with an old name of the Peruvian Tawny-bellied Hermit, has been merged with P. s. columbiansus.  
    
    In Ecuador, the Tawny-bellied Hermit occurs mostly from 3,900 to 6,600 feet above sea level. 
    
    (photo below, courtesy of Larry O'Meallie)
    
    
    
    
    
16. Koepcke's Hermit  (nt)  ______  PE  (species described in 1977)  
    Phaethornis koepcheae
    
    The Koepcke's Hermit is endemic to Peru.
    
    
17. Needle-billed Hermit  ______  BL  BR   PE
    Phaethornis philippii
    
    The geographic range of the Needle-billed Hermit is in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, western Brazil. 
    
    
18. Straight-billed Hermit  ______  BR  CL  EC(*)  PE  VE(*)
    Phaethornis bourcieri
    
    SUBSPECIES
    Phaethornis bourcieri bourcieri  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia to northeast Peru and Brazil, and to the Guianas
    P. b. bourcieri has two color forms: one with warm brown tones on the underside, the other grayer 
    Phaethornis bourcieri major  ______  subspecies in Brazil, described in 1989 
    P. b. major has only a gray form. 
    
    Flowers visited by the Straight-billed Hermit include the tubular Manettia species, and bromeliads such as Guzmania and Vriesea. Feeds by traplining, or circuit-patrolling.  
    
    In Ecuador, the Straight-billed Hermit occurs mostly below 2,100 feet above sea level.  
    
    
19. Pale-bellied Hermit  ______  CL  PN  VE(*)
    Phaethornis anthophilus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis anthophilus anthophilus  ______  subspecies from central Panama to northern Venezuela
    Phaethornis anthophilus hyalinus  ______  subspecies on Pearl Island in Panama
     
    
20. Scale-throated Hermit  ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  PG  
    Phaethornis eurynome
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis eurynome eyrynome  ______  subspecies in southeastern Brazil
    Phaethornis eurynome paraguayensis  ______  subspecies in eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina
    
    
21. Planalto Hermit ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  PG
    Phaethornis pretrei
    
    The geographic range of the Planalto Hermit is from Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Paraguay to eastern Brazil.    
    
    (photo below, taken by Marie Gardner during a FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil)
    
    
      
    
    
22. Sooty-capped Hermit  ______  CL  VE(*)
    Phaethornis augusti
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis augusti augusti  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela
    Phaethornis augusti curiosus  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia, described in 1956
    Phaethornis augusti incanescens  ______  subspecies in southern Venezuela, western Guyana
    
    
23. Buff-bellied Hermit  ______  BL  BR(*)
    Phaethornis subochraceus
    
    The geographic range of the Buff-bellied Hermit is in northern Bolivia and southern Brazil.
    
    
24. Dusky-throated Hermit  ______  BR(*)
    Phaethornis squalidus
    
    The geographic range of the Dusky-throated Hermit is in southeast Brazil.
    
    
25. Streak-throated Hermit  ______  BR  (was part of the Dusky-throated Hermit)
    Phaethornis rupurmii
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis rupurmii amazonicus  ______  subspecies around the Amazon River in Brazil 
    Phaethornis rupurmii rupurmii  ______  subspecies in Guyana and nearby area
    
    The geographic range of the Streak-throated Hermit is north-central Brazil.
    
    Future research may determine that the geographically isolated populations may be full species. 
    
    
26. Rupurumi Hermit  ______  CL  BR  VE  (was part of the Streak-throated Hermit)
    Phaethornis rupururumii 
    
    The geographic range of the Rupurumi Hermit is eastern Colombia, central and eastern Venezuela, western Guyana, northern Brazil.  
    
    
27. Minute Hermit  ______  BR(*)
    Phaethornis idaline
    
    The geographic range of the Minute Hermit is in southeast Brazil. That range is very small, and if primary rainforest there continues to be depleted, the bird could well be classified by Birdlife International as a near-threatened species.    
    
    Phaethornis idaline averages a length of 2.64 inches, and weighs under 3 grams. It is one of the smallest known birds.
    
    
28. Cinnamon-throated Hermit  ______  BL  BR(*)
    Phaethornis nattereri
    
    The geographic range of the Cinnamon-throated Hermit is in northeast and southwest Brazil, and eastern Bolivia.
    
    
29. Reddish Hermit  ______  BL  BR(*)  EC(*)  PE  VE(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Phaethornis ruber
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis ruber episcopus  ______  subspecies in central & eastern Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, described by Gould in 1857
    Phaethornis ruber longipennis  ______  subspecies in southern Peru
    Phaethornis ruber nigricinctus  ______  subspecies from southwestern Venezuela and Colombia to Peru
    Phaethornis ruber ruber  ______  subspecies in the Guianas, Brazil, southeast Peru, northern Bolivia  
    
    In Ecuador, the Reddish Hermit occurs below 1,200 feet above sea level.
    
    
30. White-browed Hermit  ______  BL  PE
    Phaethornis stuarti
    
    The geographic range of the White-browed Hermit is from southeast Peru to central Bolivia.
    
    
31. Black-throated Hermit  ______  CL  EC  PE  (this upper Amazonian species now considered distinct from the Little Hermit) 
    Phaethornis atrimentalis
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis atrimentalis atrimentalis  ______  subspecies in Colombia, Ecuador, eastern Peru
    Phaethornis atrimentalis riojae  ______  subspecies in central Peru 
    
    In Ecuador, the Black-throated Hermit occurs up to 2,400 feet above sea level.
    
    
32. Little Hermit  ______  BR  TT  VE
    Phaethornis longuemareus 
    
    The geographic range of the Little Hermit is from northeast Venezuela to French Guiana, and in Trinidad. 
    
    
33. Stripe-throated Hermit  ______  CL  CR(*)  EC(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  PN(*)  VE(*)  (was part of the Little Hermit)  (species described by Gould in 1854)
    Phaethornis striigularis
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis striigularis ignobilis  ______  subspecies in northern Venezuela
    Phaethornis striigularis saturatus  ______  subspecies from southern Mexico to northwest Colombia
    Phaethornis striigularis striigularis  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia, western Venezuela
    Phaethornis striigularis subrufescens  ______  subspecies in western Colombia, western Ecuador   
    
    In Ecuador, the Stripe-throated Hermit occurs mostly below 2,400 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below, of a bird at its nest, taken by Alan Brady during a Costa Rica tour;
     the nest on the underside of a large leaf)
    
    
    
    
    
34. Gray-chinned Hermit  ______  BR  CL  EC  PE  VE(*)  (species described by Gould in 1851)
    Phaethornis griseogularis
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Phaethornis griseogularis griseogularis  ______  subspecies in southeast Venezuela, northern Brazil, eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru; in Ecuador, on the east slope of the Andes
    Phaethornis griseogularis porcullae  ______  in Ecuador, subspecies in the area of Loja; previously known only in northwest Peru 
    P. g. porculiae may be classified as a separate species when more information becomes available  
    Phaethornis griseogularis zonura  ______  subspecies in northern Peru, on the east slope of the Andes, described by Gould in 1860
    P. g. zonura is larger and paler than the nominate
    
    In Ecuador, the Gray-chinned Hermit occurs from 1,800 to 5,100 feet above sea level on the east slope of the Andes.
    It occurs up to 6,000 feet above sea level in the Loja area of southern Ecuador.
    
    
    THRENETES
    
    
35. Band-tailed Barbthroat  ______  CL  BR(*)  EC(*)  GU  PN(*)  VE
    Threnetes ruckeri
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Threnetes ruckeri ruckeri  ______  subspecies in northern and western Colombia and western Ecuador
    Threnetes ruckeri venezuelensis  an old name was Venezuelan Barbthroat  ______  subspecies in northwest Venezuela
    Threnetes ruckeri ventosus  an old name was Costa Rican Barbthroat  ______  subspecies from eastern Guatemala to Panama
    
    The subspecies Threnetes ruckeri darienensis, with an old name of the Panama Barbthroat, has been merged with T. r. ventosus. 
    
    Another old name of the Band-throated Barbthroat was the Rucker's Hermit. That was how the bird was known when it was painted by John Gould in 1859 (illustrated below). The scientific name of the bird at that time was Glaucis ruckeri.
    
    In Ecuador, the Band-tailed Barbthroat occurs up to 2,700 feet above sea level.
    
    
    
    The Band-tailed Barbthroat is a trapline feeder, visiting long-flowered Heliconia species, and piercing the bases of the corollas of Calathea species.
    
    
36. Pale-tailed Barbthroat  ______  BL  BR  CL  EC(*)  PE  VE  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Threnetes niger 
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Threnetes niger cervinicauda  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeast Peru, western Brazil
    Threnetes niger leucurus  an old name was White-tailed Barbthroat  ______  subspecies in the Orinoco and Amazon basins
    Threnetes niger loehkeni  ______  subspecies in northeast Brazil, north of the Amazon River
    Threnetes niger medianus  an old name was Hellmayr's Barbthroat  ______  subspecies in northeast Brazil, south of the Amazon River
    Threnetes niger niger  an old name was Sooty Barbthroat  ______  subspecies in French Guiana & nearby northern Brazil
    Threnetes niger rufigastra  an old name was Peruvian Barbthroat  ______  subspecies from central Peru to north-central Bolivia 
    
    In Ecuador, the Pale-tailed Barbthroat occurs mostly below 3,300 feet above sea level.
    
    
    EUTOXERES
    
    
37. White-tipped Sicklebill ______ CL  CR(*)  EC(*)  PE  PN(*)
    Eutoxeres aquila
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Eutoxeres aquila aquila  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia to northern Peru; in Ecuador, on the east slope of the Andes
    Eutoxeres aquila heterura  ______  subspecies in southwestern Colombia & western Ecuador; in Ecuador, on the west slope of the Andes
    Eutoxeres aquila salvini  ______  subspecies from Costa Rica to western Colombia   
    
    With the pronounced curvature of its bill, the White-tipped Sicklebill can obtain nectar from the deep, curved flowers of plants in Heliconia and Centropogon genera.   
    
    In Ecuador, the White-tipped Sicklebill occurs mostly from 1,200 to 4,800 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below)
    
    
    
    
    
38. Buff-tailed Sicklebill  ______  BL  CL  EC  PE
    Eutoxeres condamini
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Eutoxeres condamini condamini  ______  subspecies from southeastern Colombia to northern Peru
    Eutoxeres condamini gracilis  ______  subspecies from central Peru to northern Bolivia 
    
    In Ecuador, the Buff-tailed Sicklebill is found mostly between 300 and 800 meters above sea level, but it has been found as high as 1,300 meters.
    
    
    ANDRODON
    
    
39. Tooth-billed Hummingbird  ______  CL  EC  PN  (species described by Gould in 1863)
    Androdon aequatorialis
    
    The geographic range of the Tooth-billed Hummingbird is from eastern Panama to northwest Ecuador. In Ecuador it occurs from 1,200 to 2,400 feet above sea level, lower in Esmeraldas.   
    
    
    DORYFERA
    
    
40. Green-fronted Lancebill  ______  BL  CR(*)  EC(*)  PN  VE
    Doryfera ludovicae
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Doryfera ludovicae ludovicae  ______  subspecies from Panama to Venezuela and Bolivia
    Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis  an old name was Veraguan Lancebill  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica and western Panama
    
    The subspecies Doryfera ludovicae rectirostris is no longer considered valid: the Long-billed Lancebill. That subspecies was in Colombia and Ecuador.
    
    In Ecuador, the Green-fronted Lancebill occurs mostly from 3,300 to 5,100 feet above sea level.
    
    
41. Blue-fronted Lancebill  ______  BR  CL  EC  PE  VE
    Doryfera johannae
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Doryfera johannae guianensis  an old name was Guiana Lancebill  ______  subspecies in southeast Venezuela, southern Guyana, northern Brazil
    Doryfera johannae johannae  ______  subspecies from east-central Colombia to northeast Peru   
    
    In Ecuador, the Blue-fronted Lancebill occurs mostly from 1,200 to 4,200 feet above sea level.     
    
    
    CAMPYLOPTERUS
    
    
42. Violet Sabrewing _____  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  MX  PN(*)
    Campylopterus hemileucurus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Campylopterus hemileucurus hemileucurus  ______  subspecies from southern Mexico to southern Nicaragua
    Campylopterus hemileucurus mellitus  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica and western Panama
    
    The Violet Sabrewing typically feeds low in the understory on the nectar of various plants including those in these genera and families: 
    Costus, Justicia and others in ACANTHACEAE, Drymonia, Heliconia, Psychotria, BROMELIACEAE, and Musa.
    It also catches small insects.   
    
    (photo below, courtesy of Doris Potter)
    
    
    
    
    
43. Wedge-tailed Sabrewing  ______  GU(*)  MX(*)
    Campylopterus curvipennis
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Campylopterus curvipennis curvipennis  ______  subspecies in southeast Mexico
    Campylopterus curvipennis pampa  ______  subspecies from northern Guatemala to Honduras
    Campylopterus curvipennis yucatanensis  ______  subspecies on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
    
    
44. Long-tailed Sabrewing  (nt)  ______  MX  (was part of the Wedge-tailed Sabrewing) (originally described as a subspecies in 1941) 
    Campylopterus excellens
    
    The geographic range of the Long-tailed Sabrewing is in southern Mexico. 
    
    
45. Gray-breasted Sabrewing  ______  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC  VE
    Campylopterus largipennis
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Campylopterus largipennis aequatorialis  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia and northeast Brazil to northern Bolivia, described by Gould in 1861
    Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis  ______  subspecies in southeast Brazil, described by Ruschi in 1963
    Campylopterus largipennis largipennis  ______  subspecies in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northwest Brazil
    Campylopterus largipennis obscurus  ______  subspecies in northeast Brazil, described by Gould in 1848     
    
    The Gray-breasted Sabrewing typically feeds at low to medium levels on the nectar of various plants, such as those in the family Ericaceae and the genus Heliconia. It also hawks for insects.
    
    In Ecuador, the Gray-breasted Sabrewing occurs mostly from 900 to 1,800 feet above sea level.
    
    
46. Rufous Sabrewing  ______  GU(*)  MX
    Campylopterus rufus
    
    The geographic range of the Rufous Sabrewing is from southern Mexico to El Salvador. 
    
    The Rufous Sabrewing typically feeds at low levels in the understory on the nectar of various plants including those in the genera Plantago, Erythrina, and Salvia.
    It also feeds on small insects. 
    
    
47. Rufous-breasted Sabrewing  ______  BR  VE
    Campylopterus hyperythrus
    
    The geographic range of the Rufous-breasted Sabrewing is in southeast Venezuela and northwest Brazil., 
    
    
48. White-tailed Sabrewing  (nt)  ______  TT  VE
    Campylopterus ensipennis
    
    The geographic range of the White-tailed Sabrewing is northeast Venezuela & the island of Tobago.
    
    
49. Lazuline Sabrewing  ______  CL  EC  VE(*)
    Campylopterus falcatus
    
    The geographic range of the Lazuline Sabrewing is from north-central Venezuela to northeast Ecuador.
    
    In Ecuador, the Lazuline Sabrewing is very rare and local, from 5,700 to 6,300 feet above sea level. 
    
    
50. Buff-breasted Sabrewing  ______  BR  VE  (species described in 1929)
    Campylopterus duidae
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Campylopterus duidae duidae  _______  subspecies in southern Venezuela and northern Brazil
    Campylopterus duidae guayquinimae  ______  subspecies on Mt. Guaiquinima in southern Venezuela, described in 1946 
    
    
51. Santa Marta Sabrewing  (t2)  ______  CL
    Campylopterus phainopeplus
    
    The geographic range of the Santa Marta Sabrewing is in northeast Colombia.
    
    
52. Napo Sabrewing  (nt)  ______  CL  EC  PE
    Campylopterus villaviscensia
    
    The geographic range of the Napo Sabrewing is in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru.  
    In Ecuador, it is local on the east slope of the Andes, from 2,700 to 5,100 feet above sea level.
    
    
53. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird  ______  CL  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  MX  PN(*)
    Campylopterus cuvierii
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    
    Campylopterus cuvierii berlepschi  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia
    Campylopterus cuvierii cuvierii  ______  subspecies in central and eastern Panama
    Campylopterus cuvierii furvescens  ______  subspecies in western Panama on the Pacific slope, described in 1967
    Campylopterus cuvierii maclicauda  _______  subspecies in Costa Rica on the Pacific slope
    Campylopterus cuvierii roberti  ______  subspecies from southeast Mexico to northeast Costa Rica
    Campylopterus cuvierii saturatior  ______  subspecies on Coiba Island, Panama  
    
    
    APHANTOCHROA
    
    
54. Sombre Hummingbird  ______  BR(*)
    Aphantochroa cirrochloris
    
    The range of the Sombre Hummingbird is in eastern Brazil.
    
    (illustration below, a hand-colored lithograph by John Gould) 
    
    
    
    
    
    FLORISUGA
    
    
55. Black Jacobin _____ AR  BR(*)  PG(*)  (this hummingbird seen during FONT tours in southeastern Brazil)
    Florisuga fusca
    
    The geographic range of the Black Jacobin is from eastern Brazil to southeast Paraguay, northeast Argentina, and northern Uruguay.  
    
    (illustration below)
    
    
    
    
    
    
56. White-necked Jacobin _____  BR(*)  BZ(*)  CR(*)  EC(*)  HN(*)  PN(*)  TT  VE(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Florisuga mellivora
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Florisuga mellivora flabellifera  ______  subspecies on the island of Tobago, described by Gould in 1846
    Florisuga mellivora mellivora  ______  subspecies in Central America and northern South America  
    
    In Ecuador, the White-necked Jacobin occurs mostly below 2,400 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below of an adult male,
     and below that a female during a FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2013;
     lower photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    COLIBRI
    
    
57. Green Violetear  ______ AR  BL  CL  CR(*)  EC(*)  GU(*)  MX(*)  PE  PN(*)  VE(*)
    Colibri thalassinus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Colibri thalassinus cabanidis  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica and western Panama
    Colibri thalassinus crissalis  ______  subspecies in the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, northwest Argentina
    Colibri thalassinus cyanotus  ______  subspecies in the mountains of Colombia, northwest Venezuela, Ecuador
    Colibri thalassinus kerdeli  ______  subspecies in northeast Venezuela, in the Cordillera Oriental, described in 1991
    Colibri thalassinis thalassinus  ______  subspecies from central and southern Mexico to Nicaragua
    
    The Green Violetear is a Neotropical species, most often in the highlands, from Mexico south to northern South America.
    Most US records have been in the Hill Country of Texas, where it is nearly an annual occurrence. It has also occurred rarely in eastern North America and elsewhere in the US.
    
    There have been more than 30 records of the Green Violetear in eastern Texas since 1961, with as many as 4 during one season. There have been in the Edwards Plateau (or the "Hill Country" as just noted), and along the Gulf Coast and in the lower Rio Grande Valley. All of the occurrences of the species north of Mexico in the spring have been in Texas.  
    
    Accepted records of the Green Violetear, in addition to those in Texas, have been in these US states & Canadian provinces: Alabama, Alberta, Arkansas, Colorado, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Wisconsin.
    These north-of-range records have been from mid-August through mid-December, with most from early-May to late-July, and a minor peak in late August and early September.
    This seasonal pattern may be of adults and young birds following the spring breeding season, or the dispersal of young adults prior to the summer breeding season. Many sightings are "one day wonders", but the average sighting period has been 2 weeks. The longest sighting period at a single location was 18 weeks. 
    
    In Ecuador, the Green Violetear occurs mostly from 3,600 to 6,900 feet above sea level. 
    
    (photos below during FONT tours in Costa Rica,
     the upper photo by Rosemary Lloyd in February 2006,
     the lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse in March 2012)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
58. Brown Violetear  ______  BR  CR(*)  EC(*)  GU(*)  PN(*)  VE(*)
    Colibri delphinae 
    
    The geographic range of the Brown Violetear is from Guatemala to Panama and in northern and western South America.   
    
    When not at feeders, the Brown Violetear feeds mainly in the canopy at epiphytes and flowering trees such as Inga and Clusia. 
    
    In Ecuador, the Brown Violetear is said to be "scarce and erratic", mostly from 3,000 to 5.400 feet above sea level.   
    
    (three photos below during a FONT tour in Ecuador, in April 2014,
     both photos by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
59. Sparkling Violetear ______  AR(*)  BR  CL  CH(*)  EC(*)  VE(*)  (species described by Gould in 1846)
    Colibri coruscans
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Colibri coruscans coruscans  ______  subspecies in the Andes from northwest Venezuela and Colombia to northwest Argentina
    C. c coruscans has some blue on the throat and belly 
    Colibri coruscans germanus  ______  subspecies in the tepuis of southeast Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil
    C. c. germanus has much more extensive blue on the head and underside, and an entirely blue tail
    Colibri coruscans rostratus  ______  subspecies in the mountains of Amazonas in southern Venezuela, described in 1952  
    
    The Sparkling Violetear is a rather large violetear, that is aggressive and territorial. Those that nest at high elevations have good breeding success due to less predation. Sparkling Violetears move to lower elevations after breeding.
    The species is fairly common, and found in major cities, such as Quito in Ecuador, where have always seen it during FONT tours.    
    In Ecuador, the Sparkling Violetear occurs from 3,000 to 10,500 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below, by Marie Grenouillet)
    
    
    
    The Sparkling Violetear (above) has a violet-blue "chin-strap". 
    
    
    
60. White-vented Violetear  ______  AE  BL  BR(*)  PG
    Colibri serrirostris
    
    The geographic range of the White-vented Violetear is in southern Brazil, northern Argentina, central Paraguay, eastern Bolivia.
    It is primarily an upland species, mostly occurring from 3,300 to 4,900 feet above sea level.
    
    As are other violetears, the White-vented is aggressive and territorial. When not feeding, the bird perches on an exposed twig. From there it keeps watch for intruders, calling constantly.
    
    The White-vented Violetear begins feeding early in the morning, so it is often active before other hummingbirds.
    During a FONT tour in Minas Gerais, Brazil, it was early one morning, that a White-vented Violetear was feeding on a flowering plant by us, as we were having our breakfast outdoors on a patio at the small hotel.         
    
    (photo below, showing the violet neck patch, taken by Marie Gardner 
    during a FONT tour in Brazil in March 2008)
    
    
    
    
    
    ANTHRACOTHORAX
    
    
61. Green-breasted Mango ______ BZ(*)  CL  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  MX(*)  VE
    Anthracothorax prevostii
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Anthracothorax prevostii gracilirostris  ______  subspecies from El Salvador to central Costa Rica
    Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni  ______  subspecies on San Andres and Providencia islands
    Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii  ______  subspecies from Mexico to Belize and El Salvador
    Anthracothorax prevostii viridicordatus  ______  subspecies in northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela 
    
    The Green-breasted Mango ranges from eastern Mexico south to north South America. In the United States, it has occurred as a rarity, mostly from the late-summer through the winter, in southern Texas.
    There has also been a record, in the fall, in North Carolina.
    
    One south Texas occurrence was in September 1988, just ahead of Hurricane Gilbert. Another, an adult male, was in McAllen in the lower Rio Grande Valley, in February 2000.
    The North Carolina bird, an immature male, was banded in November 2000.
    
    Most north-of-range records have been in August & September. Winter sightings may be of birds that arrived weeks earlier but were undetected until weather drove them to a feeder. A sighting in May of an immature bird may have been of a migratory "overshoot".     
    
    
    In its range, the Green-breasted Mango feeds on flowering trees including the filamentous white flowers of Inga, the scarlet blooms of Eryhrina, and the pink or yellow trumpets of Tabebuia.   
    
    (photo below, taken by Marie Gardner
     during the March 2009 FONT Mexico Tour on Cozumel Island)
    
    
    
    
    
    
62. Black-throated Mango  ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PE  PN(*)  TT  VE(*)
    Anthracothorax nigricollis 
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Anthracothorax nigricollis nigricollis  ______  subspecies from Panama south to Argentina; In Ecuador in the east
    Anthracothorax nigricollis iridescens  ______  subspecies in western Colombia, western Ecuador, northwest Peru, described by Gould in 1861
    
    Some have placed the subspecies A. n. iridescens in the Green-breasted Mango, Anthracothorax prevostii. 
    
    In Ecuador, the Black-throated Mango occurs mostly below1,500 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below)
    
    
    
    
    
63. Veraguan Mango  ______  PN(*)
    Anthracothorax veraguensis
    
    The Veraguan Mango has been said to be endemic to Panama, but it has recently been expanding into southern Costa Rica, probably due to deforestation.
    
    
64. Green-throated Mango  ______  BR  TT  VE
    Anthracothorax viridigula
    
    The geographic range of the Green-throated Mango is in northeast Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, northern Brazil.  
    
    
65. Antillean Mango  ______  DR(*)  PR(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1766)
    Anthracothorax dominicus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Anthracothorax dominicus aurulentus  ______  subspecies in Puerto Rico
    Anthracothorax dominicus dominicus  ______  subspecies on Hispaniola
    
    (two photos below of Antillean Mangos 
    the upper photo by Marie Gardner of a female during the February 2012 FONT Dominican Republic Tour,
    the lower photo by Rob Van Brussel of the hummingbird feeding at a Hisbiscus.
    In the lower photo, note the purplish color on the tail.)      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
66. Green Mango  ______  PR(*)
    Anthracothorax viridis
    
    The Green Mango is endemic to the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. 
    
    
67. Jamaican Mango  ______  JM(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Anthracothorax mango
    
    The Jamaican Mango is endemic to the Caribbean island of Jamaica.
    
    
    AVOCETTULA
    
    
68. Fiery-tailed Awlbill  ______  BR  CL  EC  VE
    Avocettula recurvirostris
    
    The Fiery-tailed Awlbill has a rather wide range in Amazonia, but it seems to be rare and local throughout that range which includes southeast Venezuela, the Guianas, northeast Brazil, eastern Ecuador.    
    
    In Ecuador, the Fiery-tailed Awlbill is very rare, in the canopy and borders of humid forest, below 900 feet above sea level.
    
    
    TOPAZA
    
    
69. Crimson Topaz ______  BR(*)  VE  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Topaza pella
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Topaza pella microrhynchus  ______  subspecies in north-central Brazil south of the Amazon River
    Topaza pella pella  ______  subspecies in eastern Venezuela and the Guianas
    Topaza pella smaragdula  ______  subspecies in Surinam and northern Brazil north of the Amazon River  
    
    The Crimson Topaz feeds on nectar from vines, bromeliads, and the cone-shaped scarlet flowers of Spiral Ginger, Costus scaber. 
    
    The Crimson Topaz has been seen during FONT tours in Amazonian Brazil north of Manaus.
     
    (illustration below)
    
    
     
    
    
70. Fiery Topaz  ______  BR  CL  EC  PE  VE  (species described by Gould in 1846)
    Topaza pyra
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Topaza pyra amaruni  ______  subspecies in eastern Ecuador and northern Peru, described in 2000
    Topaza pyra pyra  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, northwest Brazil
    
    Another yet undescribed subspecies of Topaza pyra may occur in west-central Brazil. 
    
    Topaza pyra has at times, and by some, been considered conspecific with Topaza pella.
    
    
    CHRYSOLAMPIS
    
    
71. Ruby Topaz  ______  BL  BR(*)  TT  VE(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Chrysolampis mosquitus
    
    The geographic range of the Ruby Topaz is from eastern Panama south into Brazil and eastern Bolivia.
    
    (photo below courtesy of LeRoy Tabb)
    
    
    
    
    
    EULAMPIS
    
    
72. Purple-throated Carib  ______  DM(*)  SL(*)  SV(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1766)
    Eulampis jugularis
    
    The geographic range of the Purple-throated Carib is in the higher elevations of the Lesser Antilles. The species is endemic to those Caribbean islands.   
    
    Heliconia bihai is the favored food plant for the female Purple-throated Carib. 
    Interestingly, however, another species, Heliconia caribaea, is the preferred food source for the male Purple-throated Carib.
    There is a difference in the bill shape of the male and female Purple-throated Caribs, and Heliconia bihai has a longer corolla.
    In areas where Heliconia caribaea is rare or absent, the flowers of Heliconia bihai occur in two different shapes (morphs), one of which is shaped like the flowers of Heliconia caribaea and caters to the male Purple-throated Carib.
    This reflects a very close co-evolutionary link between Heliconia bihai and its key pollinator. 
    The males of the Purple-throated Carib are territorial around prime feeding sites, while the females wander more widely and do not defend their feeding grounds.
    
    (photo below, taken during a FONT tour in Dominica) 
    
    
    
    
    
73. Green-throated Carib  ______  DM(*)  PR(*)  SL(*)  SV(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Eulampis holosericeus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Eulampis holosericeus chlorolaemus  ______  subspecies in the West Indian island of Grenada, described by Gould in 1857
    Eulampis holosericeus holosericeus  ______  subspecies in eastern Puerto Rico and most of the Lesser Antilles
    
    The geographic range of the Green-throated Carib is only on Caribbean islands.
    
    (photo below, taken by Marie Gardner during a FONT tour 
    in December 2007 in Saint Lucia)
    
    
    
    
    
    ORTHORHYNCUS 
    
    
74. Antillean Crested Hummingbird  ______  DM(*)  PR(*)  SL(*)  SV(*)
    Orthorhyncus cristatus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Orthorhyncus cristatus cristatus  ______  subspecies on Barbados
    O. c. cristatus has a violet-tipped crest.
    Orthorhyncus cristatus emigrans  ______  subspecies on the islands of Grenada and the Grenadines
    O. c. emigrans has a violet-blue tipped crest.
    Orthorhyncus cristatus exilis  ______  subspecies from eastern Puerto Rico to St. Lucia
    O. c. exilis has an entirely green crest.
    Orthorhyncus cristatus ornatus  ______  subspecies on the island of St. Vincent, described by Gould in 1861
    O. c. ornatus has a blue-tipped crest.
    
    The geographic range of the Antillean Crested Hummingbird is only on Caribbean islands.
    
    In addition to nectar, the Antillean Crested Hummingbird takes many insects, especially in the dry season.
    Males erect their crests during courtship, which includes a fast wing-clapping flight.
      
    (photo below, of a female, taken by Marie Gardner 
    during a FONT tour in December 2007 in Saint Lucia) 
    
    
    
    
    
    KLAIS
    
    
75. Violet-headed Hummingbird  ______  BL  BR  CR(*)  EC(*)  PE  PN(*)  VE(*)
    Klais guimeti
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Klais guimeti guimeta  ______  subspecies from Venezuela to northern Peru, and in northern Brazil
    Klais guimeti merrittii  ______  subspecies from eastern Honduras to eastern Panama  
    K. g. merrittii has a bluer rather than a violet-toned crown
    Klais guimeti pallidiventris  ______  subspecies in eastern Peru and Bolivia  
    K. g. pallidiventris has, in both sexes, paler underparts
    
    The Violet-headed Hummingbird visits a range of plants favoring those with small flowers. 
    
    In Ecuador, the Violet-headed Hummingbird occurs mostly from 2,400 to 5,100 feet above sea level.
    
    (upper photo below, a male, by Marie Grenouillet,
     middle photo below, a female, by Marie Gardner, 
     during the FONT tour in southern Ecuador in April 2014)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    And in this last photo below, a male Violet-headed Hummingbird
    during the FONT tour in southern Ecuador in April 2014,
    photo by Marie Gardner.
    
    
    
    
    
    STEPHANOXIS
    
    
76. Black-breasted Plovercrest  ______  AR  BR(*)  PG
    Stephanoxis lalandi
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi  ______  subspecies in eastern Brazil
    Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii  ______  subspecies in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northeast Argentina, described by Gould in 1831
      
    (photo below) 
    
    
    
    
    
    ABEILLIA
    
    
77. Emerald-chinned Hummingbird  ______  GU(*)  HN(*)  MX  (another name is Abeille's Hummingbird)
    Abeillia abeillei
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Abeillia abeillei abeillei  ______  subspecies in the mountains from southeast Mexico to northern Honduras
    Abeillia abeillei aurea  ______  subspecies in the mountains from southern Honduras to northern Nicaragua
    
    
    LOPHORNIS
    
    
78. Tufted Coquette  ______  BR  TT  VE
    Lophornis ornatus
    
    The geographic range of the Tufted Coquette is in eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, northern Brazil/
    
    
79. Dot-eared Coquette  (t3)  ______  BR(*)
    Lophornis gouldii
    
    The geographic range of the Dot-eared Coquette is in northern and central Brazil.
    
    In 2012, the Dot-eared Coquette was classified by Birdlife International as a "vulnerable species" due to a high rate of deforestation in its range and habitat.      
    
    
80. Frilled Coquette  ______  BR(*)
    Lophornis magnificus
    
    The geographic range of the Frilled Coquette is in east-central Brazil. 
    
    (photo below)
    
    
    
    
    
    
81. Short-crested Coquette  (t1)  ______  MX  (species described in 1949)
    Lophornis brachylophus
    
    The geographic range of the Short-crested Coquette is in southwest Mexico.  
    
    
82. Rufous-crested Coquette  ______  BL  CL  CR  EC  PE  PN
    Lophornis delattrei
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Lophornis delattrei lessoni  ______  subspecies from Colombia north to southwest Costa Rica
    Lophornis delattrei delattrei  ______  subspecies from Peru south to northern Bolivia
    
    In Ecuador, the Rufous-crested Coquette is apparently very rare, occurring up to 1,200 feet above sea level.
    
    (photo below, by Marie Grenouillet)
    
    
    
    
    
83. Spangled Coquette  ______  EC  PE
    Lophornis stictolophus
    
    The geographic range of the Spangled Coquette is in the Andes from western Venezuela and eastern Colombia south to northern Peru.
    In Ecuador, where the Spangled Coquette is rare and local in forest borders and adjacent clearings; it occurs up to 3,600 feet above sea level. 
    
    
84. Festive Coquette  ______  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC  PE  VE
    Lophornis chalybeus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus  ______  subspecies in southeast Brazil
    Lophornis chalybeus klagesi  ______  subspecies in southeast Venezuela
    Lophornis chalybeus verreauxii  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia to central Bolivia, and northwest Brazil
    
    In Ecuador, the Festive Coquette is apparently very rare and local, occurring up to 1,500 feet above sea level.  
    
    
85. Peacock Coquette  ______  BR  VE
    Lophornis pavoninus
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Lophornis pavoninus pavioninus  ______  subspecies in Venezuela and Guyana on Cerro Ptaretepui, Mt. Roraima, and the Merume Mountains
    Lophornis pavoninus duidae  ______  subspecies in southeast Venezuela on Mt. Duida, described in 1929   
    
    
86. Black-crested Coquette  ______  CR(*)  GU(*)
    Lophornis helenae
    
    The geographic range of the Black-crested Coquette is from southern Mexico to eastern Costa Rica. 
    
    
87. White-crested Coquette  ______  CR(*)  (another name is Adorable Coquette)
    Lophornis adorabilis
    
    The geographic range of the White-crested Coquette is from central Costa Rica to western Panama.  
    
    
    DISCOSURA
    
    
88. Wire-crested Thorntail  (nt)  ______  EC(*)
    Discosura (or Popelairii) popelairii
    
    The geographic range of the Wire-crested Thorntail is from eastern Colombia to northeast Peru.
    
    As well as on other plants, the Wire-crested Thorntail feeds on flowers of Inga trees.  
    
    The male of the Wire-crested Thorntail has a remarkable crest in which a few crown feathers are greatly extended as fine, wire-like filaments. Its outer tail feathers are also elongated and narrow with successive feathers towards the center of the tail becoming shorter.
    The Wire-tailed Thorntail is a small hummingbird, weighing 2.5 grams, that is 0.08 ounces.
    The bird has a rather bumblebee-like flight.   
    
    In Ecuador, the Wire-crested Thorntail occurs mostly from 1,800 to 4,800 feet above sea level.    
    
    (upper photo below, of a male, by Marie Gardner, during the FONT tour in southern Ecuador in April 2014)  
     notice in the photo that the long tail extends to the bottom of the picture, 
     and that the long, thin crest extends fairly far the other way,
    lower photo below, of a female, also by Marie Gardner during the FONT Ecuador Tour in April 2014)   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Below, another photo of the male Wire-crested Thorntail,
    showing its orange legs.
    (again, photo by Marie Gardner)
    
    
    
    
    
    
89. Black-bellied Thorntail  ______  BR(*)  EC(*)   
    Discosura (or Popelairii) langsdorffi 
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi  ______  subspecies in eastern Brazil
    Discosura langsdorffi melanosternon  ______  subspecies from southeast Colombia and southern Venezuela to eastern Peru and western Brazil, described by Gould in 1868
    
    In Ecuador, the Black-bellied Thorntail is rare, occurring mostly up to 1,200 feet above sea level.
    
    
90. Green Thorntail  ______  CR(*)  EC(*)
    Discosura (or Popelairii) conversii
    
    The geographic range of the Green Thorntail is from Costa Rica to southern Ecuador.
    
    The Green Thorntail goes to flowering Inga and Mimosa trees. When not taking nectar, it picks insects and spiders from the undersides of leaves in the canopy. 
    
    In Ecuador, the Green Thorntail occurs mostly from 900 to 3,000 feet above sea level. 
    
    (upper photo below, of a male, during the FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2013,
     lower photo below, of a female, during the FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2014,
     both photos by Marie Gardner) 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
91. Coppery Thorntail  ______
    Discosura letitiae
    
    The geographic range of the Coppery Thorntail is in northeast Bolivia.
    
    
92. Racket-tailed Coquette  ______  BR
    Discosura longicaudus
    
    The geographic range of the Racket-tailed Coquette is in southern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil. 
    
    
    TROCHILUS
    
    
93. Red-billed Sreamertail  ______  JM(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
    Trochilus polytmus
    
    The Red-billed Streamertail is endemic to Jamaica, where it is called the "Doctorbird".  
    
    (photos below by Suzanne Bradley,
     the upper photo a male, the middle & lower photos females)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
94. Black-billed Streamertail  ______  JM(*)  (has been considered conspecific with the Red-billed Streamertail)
    Trochilus scitulus
    
    The Black-billed Streamertail is endemic to eastern Jamaica, where it replaces the Red-billed Streamertail.
    The obvious difference between the two is that the bill of the male is black instead of red. The female's bill is grayish-black rather than the dull pinkish-brown bill of the female Red-billed Streamertail.
    Also, the two birds have significantly different vocalizations and display behavior.
    Until 1999, the Red-billed Streamertail and the Black-billed Streamertail were considered the same species.          
    
    
    CHLOROSTILBON
    
    
95. Cozumel Emerald  ______  MX(*)  (was part of what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)
    Chlorostilbon forficatus
    
    The Cozumel Emerald is endemic to Cozumel Island, Mexico.
    
    (photos below, taken by Marie Gardner 
     during the March 2009 FONT Mexico Tour on Cozumel Island)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
96. Canivet's Emerald  ______  GU(*)  MX(*)  (was part of what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)  
    Chlorostilbon canivetii
    
    The geographic range of the Canivet's Emerald is in Mexico, Belize, and northern Guatemala.
    
    
97. Salvin's Emerald  ______  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  (was part of what was the Fork-tailed Emerald) 
    Chlorostilbon salvini
    
    SUBSPECIES:
    Chlorostilbon salvini salvini  ______  subspecies in western Costa Rica
    Chlorostilbon salvini osberti  ______  subspecies from Guatemala to Nicaragua, described by Gould in 1860
    
    The geographic range of the Salvin's Emerald is from central Guatemala to Costa Rica. The Canivet's and the Salvin's Emeralds have been said to be conspecific.
    
    
98. Garden Emerald  ______  CR(*)  PN(*)  (was part of what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)
    Chlorostilbon assimilis
    
    The geographic range of the Garden Emerald is in southwestern Costa Rica and southwestern Panama. 
    
    
99. Golden-crowned Emerald  ______  MX(*)  (was part of what was the Fork-tailed Emerald)   (originally described by Gould in 1852)
    Chlorostilbon auriceps
    
    The geographic range of the Golden-crowned Emerald is in western and central Mexico. 
    
    
100. Blue-tailed Emerald  ______  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PE  TT  VE(*)  (species described by Linnaeus in 1758)
     Chlorostilbon mellisugus
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus caribaeus  ______  subspecies in the Netherlands Antilles Trinidad, and northeast Venezuela
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus chrysogaster  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus duidae  ______  subspecies in southern Venezuela on Mt. Duida, described in 1952
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus gibsoni  ______  subspecies in central Colombia
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus mellisurgus  ______  subspecies in Surinam, French Guiana, northeast Brazil
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus nitens  ______  subspecies in northwest Colombia and northwest Venezuela
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus peruanus  ______  subspecies in Peru, eastern Bolivia, described by Gould in 1861
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus phoeopygus  ______  subspecies in upper Amazonia
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus pumilus  ______  subspecies in western Colombia and western Ecuador, described by Gould in 1872
     Chlorostilbon mellisurgus subfurcatus  ______  subspecies in eastern and southern Venezuela, Guyana, northwest Brazil 
     
     In Ecuador, the Blue-tailed Emerald is scarce, occurring in the north up to 2,250 feet above sea level, and in the south from 2,700 to 7,800 feet above sea level.  
     
     
101. Western Emerald  ______  EC(*)  (was part of the Blue-tailed Emerald)  (originally described by Gould in 1860) 
     Chlorostilbon melanohynchus
     
     The geographic range of the Western Emerald is in the Andes of western Colombia and western and central Ecuador.
     It is a trapliner, usually feeding at low levels on the nectar of Acnistus, Impatiens, Lantana, Salvia, and some species in Ericaceae, among others, as well as small insects.  
     
     In Ecuador, the Western Emerald occurs mostly from 1,800 to 5,400 feet above sea level.  
     
     (photos below of Western Emeralds in Ecuador by Larry O'Meallie)
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
102. Chiribiquete Emerald  ______  CL  (species described in 1996)
     Chlorostilbon olivaresi
     
     The geographic range of the Chiribiquete Emerald is in southeastern Colombia.  
     
     
103. Glittering-bellied Emerald  ______ AR(*)  BL(*)  BR(*)  PG
     Chlorostilbon aureoventris
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chlorostilbon aureoventris aureoventris  ______  subspecies in Bolivia, Paraguay, west-central Brazil, northwest Argentina
     Chlorostilbon aureoventris berlepschi  ______  subspecies in southern Brazil, Uruguay, northeast Argentina
     Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani  ______  subspecies in eastern Brazil 
     
     (photo below)
     
     
     
     
     
104. Cuban Emerald  ______
     Chlorostilbon ricordii
     
     The geographical range of the Cuban Emerald is in Cuba and the Bahama Islands.  
     
     
105. Hispaniolan Emerald  ______  DR(*)
     Chlorostilbon swainsonii
     
     The Hispaniolan Emerald is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
     
     (photo below, taken by Marie Gardner
     during the February 2012 FONT Dominican Republic Tour)
     
     
     
     
     
106. Puerto Rican Emerald  ______  PR(*)
     Chlorostilbon maugaus
     
     The Puerto Rican Emerald is endemic to the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico.  
     
     
107. Coppery Emerald  ______
     Chlorostilbon russatus
     
     The geographical range of the Coppery Emerald is in northeast Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
     
     
108. Narrow-tailed Emerald  ______  VE(*)
     Chlorostilbon stenurus
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chlorostilbon stenurus ignotus  ______  subspecies in northwest Venezuela, described in 1942
     Chlorostilbon stenurus stenurus  ______  subspecies in northwest Venezuela, northeast Colombia, northeast Ecuador
     
     
109. Green-tailed Emerald  ______  VE(*)
     Chlorostilbon alice
     
     The geographical range of the Green-tailed Emerald is in northern Venezuela. 
     
     
110. Short-tailed Emerald  ______  VE(*)
     Chlorostilbon poortmani
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chlorostilbon poortmani euchloris  ______  subspecies in central Colombia
     Chlorostilbon poortmani poortmani  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela     
     
     
     ELVIRA
     
     
111. Coppery-headed Emerald  ______  CR(*)
     Elvira cupreiceps 
     
     The Coppery-headed Emerald is one of the few birds endemic to Costa Rica. It is in the northern & central parts of the country.
     
     (photos below;
      the lower photo by Virginia Woodhouse during a FONT tour in Costa Rica in March 2012)    
     
      
     
     
     
     
     
     
112. White-tailed Emerald  ______  CR(*)  PN(*)  (species described by Gould in 1851)
     Elvira chionura 
     
     The geographic range of the White-tailed Emerald is from southern Costa Rica to central Panama.
     
     (illustration below, of a hand-colored lithograph by John Gould)  
     
     
     
     
     
     PANTERPE
     
     
113. Fiery-throated Hummingbird  _____  CR(*)  PN(*)
     Panterpe insignis
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Panterpe insignis eisenmanni  ______  subspecies in northern Costa Rica, described in 1985
     Panterpe insignis insignis  ______  subspecies from north-central Costa Rica to western Panama    
       
     (photo below, by Ruben Campos) 
     
     
     
     
     
     EUPHERUSA
     
     
114. Stripe-tailed Hummingbird  ______  CR(*)  HN(*)  PN(*)
     Eupherusa eximia
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Eupherusa eximia egregia  ______  subspecies in Costa Rica and western Panama
     Eupherusa eximia eximia  ______  subspecies from eastern Mexico to central Nicaragua 
     Eupherusa eximia nelsoni  ______  subspecies in eastern and southeastern Mexico   
     
     
115. White-tailed Hummingbird  (t3)  ______
     Eupherusa poliocerca
     
     The geographical range of the White-tailed Hummingbird is in southern Mexico.
     
     
116. Black-bellied Hummingbird  ______  CR(*)
     Eupherusa nigriventris
     
     The geographical range of the Black-bellied Hummingbird is in central Costa Rica and western Panama.
     
     
117. Oaxaca Hummingbird  (t2)  ______  MX  (another name is Blue-capped Hummingbird)  (species described in 1964)
     Eupherusa cyanophrys
     
     The Oaxaca Hummingbird has a limited geographical range in southern Oaxaca in Mexico. 
     
     
     GOETHALSIA
     
     
118. Pirre Hummingbird  (nt)  ______  CL  PN  (also called Rufous-cheeked Hummingbird)
     Goethalsia bella
     
     The geographical range of the Pirre Hummingbird is in eastern Panama and northwest Colombia.  
     
     
     GOLDMANIA
     
     
119. Violet-capped Hummingbird  ______  PN
     Goldmania violiceps
     
     The geographical range of the Violet-capped Hummingbird is in eastern Panama.   
     
     
     CYANOPHAIA
     
     
120. Blue-headed Hummingbird  ______  DM(*)
     Cyanophaia bicolor
     
     The geographical range of the Blue-headed Hummingbird is on the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Martinique. 
     
     
     CYNANTHUS
     
        
121. Broad-billed Hummingbird ______  AZ(*)  MX(*)  
     Cynanthus latirostris
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Cynanthus latirostris doubledayi  ______  subspecies on the coastal plain of southwestern Mexico
     Cynanthus latirostris latirostris  ______  subspecies in central and eastern Mexico
     Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei  ______  subspecies on the Tres Marias islands
     Cynanthus latirostris magicus  ______  subspecies from Arizona in the US to Nayarit and Durango in Mexico
     Cynanthus latirostris propinquus  ______  subspecies in central Mexico, in northeast Jalico and Guanajuaoto
     Cynanthus latirostris toroi  ______  subspecies in south-central Mexico, in Colima and Michoacan 
     
     (upper photo below taken during a FONT tour by Doris Potter;
      lower photo courtesy of Larry O'Meallie)
     
     
     
     
     
     North of Mexico, the Broad-billed Hummingbird normally ranges in southern Arizona. Otherwise, there have been fall and winter occurrences in southern California, and along the Gulf Coast. During 1 winter, 4 were banded in Louisiana. The species has also occurred as a rarity, from late-summer through the spring, in southern Nevada, New Mexico (except in the Peloncillo Mountains & the Guadalupe Canyon where it more regular), and Texas. And it has occurred as a vagrant in these US states and Canadian provinces: Illinois, Michigan, New Brunswick, Ontario, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, Wisconsin.   
     
     
122. Dusky Hummingbird  ______  MX(*)  (species described by Gould in 1859)
     Cynanthus sordidus
     
     The geographical range of the Dusky Hummingbird is north of the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico.
     
     
     THALURANIA
     
     
123. Violet-crowned Woodnymph  ______  BZ(*)  CL  CR(*)  PN(*)  VE(*)
     Thalurania columbica
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Thalurania columbica colombica  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
     Thalurania columbica rostrifera  ______  subspecies in northwest Venezuela, described in 1956
     Thalurania columbica townsendi  ______  subspecies from Guatemala to Honduras
     Thalurania columbica venusta  ______  subspecies from Nicaragua to Panama, described by Gould in 1851
     
     The Violet-crowned Woodnymph (above) and the Green-crowned Woodnymph (below) have been merged (by the AOU in 2013), with the combined species called the Crowned Woodnymph.
     The merge was based on apparent interbreeding in Colombia. 
     In Panama, however, the two are not known to come in contact with each other.    
     
     
124. Green-crowned Woodnymph  ______  CL  EC(*)  PN(*)
     Thalurania fannyi
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Thalurania fannyi fannyi  ______  subspecies from eastern Panama to southwestern Colombia
     Thalurania fannyi subtropicalis  ______  subspecies in west-central Colombia
     Thalurania fannyi verticeps  ______  subspecies in southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, described by Gould in 1851
     
     The Green-crowned Woodnymph occurs in Ecuador mostly below 2,400 feet above sea level.
     
     (photo below by Marie Gardner during the FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2013)
     
     
     
     
     
125. Emerald-bellied Woodnymph  ______  EC(*)  (originally described by Gould in 1871)  
     Thalurania hypochlora 
     
     The Emerald-bellied Woodnymph has been considered part of the Green-crowned Woodnymph (above). 
     
     In Ecuador, the Emerald-bellied Woodnymph occurs in humid forest and woodland in the lowlands and foothills in the southwest, from Guayas south to northern Loja, up to 3,300 feet above sea level.   
     
     (photo below by Marie Gardner during the FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2014)
     
     
     
     
126. Fork-tailed Woodnymph  ______  AR(*)  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PG(*)  PE  VE(*)
     Thalurania furcata
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Thalurania furcata baeri  ______  subspecies from northeast and central Brazil to southeast Bolivia and northwest and north-central Argentina
     Thalurania furcata balzani  ______  subspecies in north-central Brazil
     Thalurania furcata boliviana  ______  subspecies in southeast Peru, northeast Bolivia
     Thalurania furcata fissilis  ______  subspecies in eastern Venezuela, western Guyana, northeast Brazil
     Thalurania furcata furcata  ______  subspecies in eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northeast Brazil
     Thalurania furcata furcatoides  ______  subspecies in eastern Brazil, described by Gould in 1861
     Thalurania furcata jelskii  ______  subspecies in eastern Peru, western Brazil   
     Thalurania furcata nigrofasciata  ______  subspecies in southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, northwestern Brazil, described by Gould in 1846 
     Thalurania furcata orenocensis  ______  subspecies southern Venezuela, in the upper Orinoco valley
     Thalurania furcata refulgens  ______  subspecies in northeast Venezuela, described by Gould in 1853 
     Thalurania furcata simoni  ______  subspecies in southeastern Peru, southwestern Brazil
     Thalurania furcata viridipectus  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia to northeastern Peru, described by Gould in 1848
     
     In Ecuador, the Fork-tailed Woodnymph occurs mostly below 3,000 feet below sea level.
     
     (photo below by Marie Gardner during the FONT tour in southern Ecuador in April 2014) 
     
     
     
     
     
127. Violet-capped Woodnymph  ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  PG
     Thalurania glaucopis
     
     The geographic range of the Violet-capped Woodnymph is in eastern and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. 
     
     (photo below)
     
     
     
     
128. Long-tailed Woodnymph  _______  BR
     Thalurania watertonii
     
     The geographic range of the Long-tailed Woodnymph is in Guyana and eastern Brazil.
     
     
129. Mexican Woodnymph  (t3)  ______  MX(*)
     Thalurania ridgwayi
     
     The geographical range of the Mexican Woodnymph is in western Mexico.
     
     
     DAMOPHILA
     
     
130. Violet-bellied Hummingbird  ______  EC(*)  PN(*)
     Damophila julie
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Damophila julie feliciana  ______  subspecies nearly endemic to Ecuador, but also in adjacent Colombia and Peru
     Damophila julie julie  ______  subspecies in northern and central Colombia
     Damophila julie panamensis  ______  subspecies in central Panama
     
     In Ecuador, the Violet-bellied Hummingbird occurs up to 3,300 feet above sea level.
     
     (photo below by Marie Gardner during the FONT tour in Ecuador in April 2014) 
     
     
     
     
     
     LEPIDOPYGA
     
     
131. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird  ______  PN(*)  (species described by Gould in 1851)
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis coelina  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis coeruleogularis  ______  subspecies in western Panama
     Lepidopyga coeruleogularis confins  ______  subspecies in eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia 
     
     
132. Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird  (t1)  ______  CL
     Lepidopyga lilliae
     
     The geographic range of the Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird is in coastal north-central Colombia. 
     
     
133. Shining-green Hummingbird  ______  CL  VE(*)
     Lepidopyga goudoti
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Lepidopyga goudoti goudoti  ______  subspecies in central Colombia, in the Magdalena valley
     Lepidopyga goudoti luminosa  ______  subspecies in northern Colombia
     Lepidopyga goudoti phaeochroa  ______  subspecies in northwestern Venezuela
     Lepidopyga goudoti zuliae  ______  subspecies northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela 
     
     
     CHLORESTES  (This genus actually more closely related to CHLOROSTILBON) 
     
     
134. Blue-chinned Sapphire  ______  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PE  TT  VE(*)
     Chlorestes notatus
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chlorestes notatus notatus  ______  subspecies from northeastern Colombia to the Guianas and eastern Brazil, also Trinidad & Tobago 
     Chlorestes notatus obsoletus  ______  subspecies in northeast Peru, described in 1950
     Chlorestes notatus puruensis  ______  subspecies from southeast Colombia to northeast Peru and northwest Brazil  
     
     In Ecuador, the Blue-chinned Sapphire is is rare, up to 900 feet above sea level.  
       
     
     HYLOCHARIS
     
     
135. Gilded Sapphire  ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  PG(*)  UG(*)
     Hylocharis chrysura
     
     The geographic range of the Gilded Sapphire is in central and southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and northeast and south-central Bolivia.  
     
     (photo below)
     
        
     
     
136. White-chinned Sapphire  ______  BL  BR(*)  CL  EC  PE  PG  VE(*)
     Hylocharis cyanus
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Hylocharis cyanus conversa  ______  subspecies in southwest Brazil, eastern Bolivia, northern Paraguay, described in 1950
     Hylocharis cyanus cyanus  ______  subspecies in coastal eastern Brazil
     Hylocharis cyanus griseiventris  ______  subspecies in southeast Brazil, northeast Argentina, described in 1988  
     Hylocharis cyanus rostrata  ______  subspecies in eastern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, western Brazil
     Hylocharis cyanus viridiventris  ______  subspecies in northern and eastern Colombia, western and southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil   
     
     In Ecuador, the White-chinned Sapphire is very rare, up to 750 feet above sea level. 
     
     
137. Blue-headed Sapphire  ______  CL  EC
     Hylocharis grayi
     
     The geographic range of the Blue-headed Sapphire is in western Colombia and northern Ecuador.  
     
     In Ecuador, the Blue-headed Sapphire occurs in the far-northern part of the country, where it is local in arid shrub and gardens in intermontane valleys from 3,600 to 6,600 feet above sea level.  
     
     
138. Humboldt's Sapphire  ______  CL  EC  PN  (has been part of the Blue-headed Sapphire)
     Hylocharis humboldtii
     
     Hylocharis humboldtii ranges from coastal northwest Ecuador north to extreme southeast Panama. In Ecuador, it is seemingly rare in mangroves and adjacent woodland and shrubby clearings in northern part of Esmeraldas province.    
     
     
139. Rufous-throated Sapphire  ______  AR(*)  BR(*)  EC
     Hylocharis sapphirina
     
     Birds in Ecuador, with tails not entirely coppery rufous as otherwise in this species, and with more more violet-blue in the head, may be separable as a yet-undescribed subspecies.    
     
     In Ecuador, the Rufous-throated Sapphire is rare, occurring up to 900 feet above sea level.
     
     
140. Blue-throated Sapphire (or Goldentail)  ______  CL  CR(*)  GU(*)  HN(*)  PN
     Hylocharis eliciae
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Hylocharis eliciae earina  ______  subspecies from western Panama to northwestern Colombia, described in 1967
     Hylocharis eliciae eliciae  ______  subspecies from southeastern Mexico to southern Costa Rica    
     
     
     CHRYSURONIA
     
     
141. Golden-tailed Sapphire  ______  BL  BR  EC  PE  VE
     Chrysuronia oenone
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Chrysuronia oenone alleni  ______  subspecies in northern Bolivia
     Chrysuronia oenone oenone  ______  subspecies from northern and eastern Venezuela to northeastern Peru and western Brazil
     Chrysuronia oenone josephinae  ______  subspecies in eastern Peru  
     
     In Ecuador, the Golden-tailed Sapphire occurs mostly from 1,200 to 3,600 feet above sea level. 
     
     NOTE:  The subspecies azurea that was described from western Ecuador (where the species does NOT occur) actually referred to a subadult oenone. 
     
     (photo below, by Marie Grenouillet)
     
     
     
     
     
     LEUCOCHLORIS
     
     
142. White-throated Hummingbird  ______ AR(*)  BL  BR(*)  PG
     Leucochloris albicollis
     
     The geographic range of the White-throated Hummingbird is in southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and eastern Bolivia.    
     
     (photo below, taken by Dan Coleman during a FONT tour in Brazil)
     
      
     
     
     POLYTMUS
     
     
143. White-tailed Goldenthroat  ______  AR(*)  BL  BR(*)  CL  PG  TT  VE(*) 
     Polytmus guainumbi
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Polytmus guainumbi andinus  ______  subspecies in eastern Colombia
     Polytmus guainumbi guainumbi  ______  subspecies in Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, northern Brazil
     Polytmus guainumbi thaumantias  ______  subspecies in eastern and central Brazil, eastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, subspecies described by Linnaeus in 1766, after the species was described by Pallas in 1764
     
     
144. Green-tailed Goldenthroat  ______  BR  CL  EC  PE  VE
     Polytmus theresiae
     
     SUBSPECIES:
     Polytmus theresiae leucorrhous  ______  subspecies from eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela to northeast Peru and northwest Brazil
     Polytmus theresiae theresiae  ______  subspecies in the Guianas and north-central Brazil 
     
     There is one old specimen of the Green-tailed Goldenthroat from Ecuador, in the southeast part of the country The bird, if in Ecuador, would be seemingly very rare or local at about 900 feet above sea level, possibly in scrubby areas near water.  
     
     
145. Tepui Godenthroat  ______  BR  VE
     Polytmus milleri
     
     The geographic range of the Tepui Goldenthroat is in southeastern Venezuela and in northern Brazil at Mt. Roraima.   
     
     
     LEUCIPPUS
     
     
146. Buffy Hummingbird  ______  VE(*)
     Leucippus fallax
     
     The geographic range of the Buffy Hummingbird is coastal Colombia and Venezuela and offshore islands.    
     
     
147. Tumbes Hummingbird  ______  EC
     Leucippus baeri
     
     The Tumbes Hummingbird was first found in Ecuador in August 1989 in the Rio Catamayo valley. Previously it was only known to be in northwest Peru.
     
     
148. Spot-throated Hummingbird  ______  PE
     Leucippus taczanowskii
     
     The geographic range of the Spot-throated Hummingbird is in northern and central Peru. In northern Peru, it is common in deciduous woodland and arid scrub in the Jaen/San Ignacio area of Cajamarca.
     
     
149. Olive-spotted Hummingbird  ______  BR(*)  CL  EC(*)  PE  (species described by Gould in 1866)
     Leucippus chlorocercus
     
     The Olive-spotted Hummingbird is uncommon to fairly common, but local, in early-succession scrub and low woodland on river islands in the Amazon basin. It occurs in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
     In the lowlands of northeast Ecuador, it is along the Rio Napo, but not, as far as known, along the Rio Aguarico or the Rio Pastaza.
     The Olive-spotted Hummingbird was first recorded as being in Ecuador in 1972, based on two specimens obtained in 1959.
     
     
     TAPHROSPILUS
     
     
150. Many-spotted Hummingbird  ______  AR  BL  EC  PE  (species described by Gould in 1862)
     Taphrospilus hypostictus
     
     The geographic range of the Many-spotted Hummingbird is in lower Andean foothills from Ecuador through Peru and Bolivia to northwestern Argentina. 
     
     In Ecuador, the Many-spotted Hummingbird occurs mostly from 1,500 to 3,600 feet above sea level. 
      
     
     

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