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Desert Plants
in the
western United States
and northern Mexico
 

and some plants in
other nearby habitats  

with those during 
Focus On Nature Tours
thru 2015
noted with an (*) 


during tours in the months of 
January, March, April, May, 
July, August, and September


The following list of desert plants of the
Southwest United States and northern Mexico 
compiled by Armas Hill 


Photo at right:  
OCOTILLO, Fouquieria splendens
during a FONT tour in Sonora, Mexico  
(photograph by Doris Potter) 


FONT tours in the deserts of the western US & northern Mexico have been in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, & Texas in the US, and in Sonora in Mexico.         

In the list that follows, below the scientific names are names in English and Spanish (S:) 
The families in the list are given (mostly) in alphabetical order, and genera within them are given alphabetically as well. 
Families that are "break-offs" from other families  follow them, may be out of alphabetical order.  


Links to Plant Families in this List:

ACANTHACEAE - Acanthus

AGAVACEAE - Agaves & Yuccas  (were said to be part of the Lily Family - LILIACEAE) 
also NOLINACEAE
 

AIZOACEAE - Fig Marigolds & Carpet-weeds

AMARANTHACEAE  (closely related to CHENOPODIACEAE - the Goosefoots)
including Tumbleweed, Winterfat, Pickleweed

ANACARDIACEAE - Sumacs

APIACEAE - Parsleys

APOCYNACEAE - Dogbanes

APODANTHACEAE  (some endoparasitic herbs)   including Thurber's Stemsucker

ARECACEAE, or PALMAE - Palms

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE - Bladderwort, Birthwort, or Pipevines

ASCLEPIADACEAE - Milkweeds  (now included in APOCYNACEAE - the Dogbanes)

ASTERACEAE. COMPOSITAE - Asters & Sunflowers  
including Goldenheads, Glandweeds, Bursages, Sagebrush, Desert Broom, Desert Marigold, Sweetbush, Pincushions, Rabbitbrushes, Thistles, Tickseeds, Brittle Bushes, Sunrays, Fleabanes, Blanketflowers, Snakeweeds, Desert Stars, Groundsels, Zinnias     

BERBERIDACEAE - Barberries

BIGNONIACEAE - Bignonias, Trumpet Creepers, Catalpa  

BIXACEAE - Lipstick Tree Family  
including Yellowshow

BORAGINACEAE - Borages   including Fiddlenecks, Cryptanthas, Heliotropes, Popcorn Flower, Crinklemats

BRASSICACEAE, or CRUCIFERAE - Mustards   

including Desert Candle, Spectacle-pods, Wallflowers, Peppergrasses, Bladderpods, Desert Plume, Jewelflower

BURSERACEAE - Torchwoods   including Elephant Tree 

CACTACEAE - Cacti   including Saguaro, Cotton-top Cacti, Hedgehog Cacti, Button Cacti, Barrel Cacti, Peyote, Chollas, Prickly Pears, Cardon (or Elephant Cactus), Desert Night-blooming Cactus, Fish-hook Cacti  

CAMPANULACEAE  - Bellflowers

CAPPARACEAE - Capers

CARYOPHYLLACEAE - Carnations

CHENOPODIACEAE - Goosefoots

CISTACEAE - Rockroses

CONVOLVULACEAE - Morning Glories 

CRASSULACEAE - Stonecrops

CROSSOSOMATACEAE - Rockflowers

CUCURBITACEAE - Cucumbers, Gourds

CUSCUTACEAE - Dodder

EPHEDRACEAE - Ephedras

EUPHORBIACEAE - Spurges 

FABACEAE - Legume, or Pea or Bean Family 
 including, among others, Acacias, Lupines, Palo Verdes, Mesquites, Mimosas

FONQUIERIACEAE - Ocotillos

FUMARIACEAE - Fumitory Family

GENTIANACEAE - Gentians

GERANIACEAE - Geraniums

HYDROPHYLLACEAE - Waterleaves

KRAMERACEAE - Ratanies

LAMIACEAE - Mints

LENNOACEAE - Lennoas

LILIACEAE - Lilies  (Agaves, Nolinas, and Yuccas were included in this family)   

LINACEAE - Flaxes

LOASACEAE - Stickleaves

MALVACEAE - Mallows  

MALPIGHIA 

MARTYNIACEAE - Unicorn Plants   (merged with PEDALIACEAE, Sesemes) 

NYCTAGINACEAE - Four O' Clocks

OLEACEAE - Olives

ONAGRACEAE - Evening Primroses 

OROBANCHACEAE - Broomrapes  

PAPAVERACEAE - Poppies 

PASSIFLORACEAE - Passionflowers  

PEDALIACEAE - Seseme Family   (now in MARTYNIACEAE, above)

PLANTAGINACEAE - Plantains

POLEMONIACEAE - Phloxes

POLYGALACEAE - Milkworts

POLYGONACEAE - Buckwheats

PORTULACACEAE - Purslanes

RANUNCULACEAE - Buttercups, Crowfoots

RHAMNACEAE - Buckthorns

ROSACEAE - Roses

RUBIACEAE - Madders

RUTACEAE - Citrus, Rue

SAURURACEAE - Lizard-tails

SAPINDACEAE - Soapberries

SCROPHULARIACEAE - Snapdragons, or Figworts  

SIMMONDSIACEAE - Jojobas

SOLANACEAE - Nightshades

VERBENACEAE - Vervains, Verbanas

VISCACEAE, or LORANTHACEAE - Mistletoes

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE - Caltrops

AN ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY OF PLANT GENERA IN THIS WEBSITE NOTING FAMILIES


Codes:

CD:   in the Chihuahuan Desert  (in Mexico & the US)
GD:   in the Great Basin Desert  (in the US)
PD:   in the Painted Desert (in the US) 
        
(said by some to be a southern part of the Great Basin Desert  
MD:   in the Mohave Desert  (in the US) 
SD:   in the Sonoran Desert  (in the US & Mexico)

(ph):  species with a photo in the FONT web-site

Numbers noted as (NW:xx) refer to pages with photos in the "National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Wildflowers of North America", by David Brandenberg, 2010.   

In this list, Spanish names follow the letter S: 

FOLLOWING THE PRIMARY PART OF THIS LIST IS ANOTHER WITH TREES, FLOWERS, and SOME OTHER PLANTS IN HIGHER COUNTRY NEAR THE DESERTS:  

THE FLORA OF "ISLANDS IN THE SKY"

AND     DESERT GRASSES


Other Links:  

Information about Upcoming FONT Birding & Nature Tours:  in North America  
by month in:   
2015    or:  by geographic locations worldwide 

Lists and Photo Galleries in this Website of Other Nature: 
 
Birds in:   
Arizona    California    Colorado    Texas    Sonora, Mexico

Mammals:    Arizona    California    Colorado    Texas    Mexico

Amphibians & Reptiles in:    Arizona    Texas    Mexico

Butterflies in:    Arizona    Texas    Mexico: a list & photo gallery in 2 parts  

Other Lists & Photo Galleries in this website relating to Plants:

Wildflowers & Other Plants in Texas    Wildflowers & Other Plants in Eastern North America  

Northern Plants in Alaska, Iceland, & the mountains of Hokkaido, Japan
(with some notes about medicinal and edible plants)
 

Tropical Plants in the Americas  (in 3 parts, including the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America) 

Plants of the West Indies    Fruiting Plants and Others in Brazil    Wild Orchids in the Americas

Links to Other Lists & Photo Galleries of Plants      Directory of Photos in this Website



     A List of Desert Plants of the western US & northern Mexico:

       
     
Family ACANTHACEAE  (Acanthus)


        
Genus ANISACANTHUS

  1. Anisacanthus thurberi  ______  SD  (SW:212)  Flowers mostly Mar-May, but can be throughout the year. Red. 
    Desert Honeysuckle

    Anisacanthus thurberi
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Texola elada, the Elada Checkerspot.
    Plants in Anisacanthus are pollinated by the Lucifer Hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer.  
     

    Genus DICLIPTERA

  2. Dicliptera resupinata  ______  SD  (SW:74)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Purple.
    Arizona Foldwing


    Genus JUSTICIA


  3. Justicia californica  ______  SD  (NW:46) (SW:213)  Flowers mostly Mar-Jun, can be throughout the year. Red.     
    Chuparosa  

    S: Chuparosa,
    or Beleperone

    Justicia californica is also called the Hummingbird Bush. It is a favored plant as a nectar source for the Costa's Hummingbird, Calypte costae.

    Justicia californica
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Dymasia dymas, the Tiny Checkerspot.
      

    Genus RUELLIA

  4. Ruellia nudiflora  ______  SD  (SW:74)  Flowers May-Oct. Purple.
    Violet Wild Petunia  



    Genus SIPHONOGLOSSA

  5. Siphonoglossa longiflora  ______  SD  (SW:34)  Flowers Apr-Oct. White.
    Dwarf White Honeysuckle


    Genus STENANDRIUM


  6. Stenandrium barbatum  ______  (NW:48)
    Early Shaggy Tuft


    Genus TETRAMERICUM

  7. Tetramericum nervosum  ______  SD  (SW:148)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Yellow.
    Hairy Fournwort


    Family AGAVACEAE  (Agaves)

    Agaves
    are also called Century Plants.  

    The Lucifer Hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer, takes nectar from large bat-pollinated agaves without having contact with the anthers and pistil of the plant. 


    Genus AGAVE 
    (NW:49)

  8. Agave deserti  (*)  ______  SD  (SW:149)  Flowers May-Jul, occasionally Nov-Apr. Yellow.  
    Desert Agave 
    (or Desert Century Plant)
    S: Amul, or Mezcal 

  9. Agave havardiana  ______  CD
    Havard Agave 
    (also called Big Bend Agave, or Century Plant)

  10. Agave lecheguilla  ______  CD
    Lechuguilla
    S: Lechuguilla 
    (a Spanish diminutive for lettuce) 

  11. Agave murpheyi  ______  SD
    Hohokam Agave 
    (or Murphey's Agave)
    S: Maguey 
    (a general name for many agaves) 

  12. Agave palmeri  ______
    Palmer's Century Plant 
    (or Mescal)

  13. Agave parryi  ______  CD
    Parry Agave

  14. Agave schottii ______  SD  
    Shindagger
    S: Amole, Maguey, Amolillo 

  15. Agave pelona ______ SD 
    S: Mescal Pelon  (meaning "Bald Agave")

  16. Agave utahensis  ______  GD
    Utah Agave

    The Utah Agave is found in dense populations where Utah, Arizona, and Nevada come together.

  17. Agave zebra  ______  SD 
    Zebra Agave 


    Genus YUCCA  (& HESPEROYUCCA)  (T/W)  (NW:50)




    Yucca
    (photo by Doris Potter)

  18. Yucca angustissima  ______  GD  MD
    Narrow-leaved Yucca 
    (resembles the Navajo Yucca)

  19. Yucca arizonica  (formerly Yucca baccata arizonica) ______  SD
    Blue Yucca 
    (or Spanish Bayonet)
    S: Datil ("date"), Palma Criolla ("creole or native palm")

  20. Yucca baccata  ______  SD  (SW:34)  Flowers Apr-Jul. White.
    Banana Yucca 
    (or Blue Yucca, Datil)

  21. Yucca brevifolia  ______  MD
    Joshua Tree

  22. Yucca carnerosana  ______  CD
    Giant Dagger

  23. Yucca elata  ______  CD  SD (SW:35)  Flowers May-Jul. White.
    Soaptree Yucca
    S: Palmilla, Palmito, Soyate, Cortadillo 

  24. Yucca harrimaniae  ______  
    Harriman Yucca

  25. Yucca navajoa (or Y. baileyi ______  PD
    Navajo Yucca

  26. Yucca rostrata  ______  CD
    Beaked Yucca

  27. Yucca schidigera  ______  MD  SD  (SW:35)  Flowers Mar-Apr. White.
    Mohave Yucca 
    (or Spanish Dagger)
    S: Datillo

  28. Yucca torreyi  ______  CD
    Torrey Yucca 

  29. Yucca (or Hesperoyucca) whipplei  ______  SD  (NW:50)
    Whipple Yucca
    (or Spanish Bayonet, Our Lord's Candle, Chaparral Yucca)
    S: Sotolillo, Lechugilla, Quiote


    Family NOLINACEAE (formerly AGAVACEAE and LILIACEAE)  (Nolinas)  


    Genus DASYLIRION  (NW:50)

     
  30. Dasylirion leiophyllum  ______  CD
    Chihuahuan Sotol

  31. Dasylirion wheeleri  ______  SD
    Desert Spoon
    S: Sotol  ("Sotole"
    is a palm), Sano 


    Genus NOLINA  
    (with a total of 25 species, in the southwest US & northwest Mexico)  (NW:50)

  32. Nolina bigelovii  ______  SD
    Nolina, Bear Grass
    S: Yuca, Sotol, Palmita

  33. Nolina erumpens  ______  CD
    Foothill Basket Grass
    S: Mesa Sacahuista

  34. Nolina microcarpa  ______
    Bear Grass 
    (a common name also had by other members of this genus)  

  35. Nolina parryi  ______  
    Parry's Nolina

    Nolina parryi
    occurs on dry brushy slopes in southern California.


    Family AIZOACEAE  (Fig Marigolds, or Carpet-weeds)


    Genus SESUVIUM

  36. Sesvium verrucosum  ______  CD  MD  SD  (NW:51) (SW:75)  Flowers Mar-Nov. Pink.
    Western Sea Purslane

    Sesvium verrucosum is a host plant for the butterfly: Brephidium exile, the Western Pygmy Blue. 

    Sesvium verrucosum
    is scattered throughout the hot deserts of North America.
     

    Family AMARANTHACEAE  (S)  

    AMARANTHACEAE
    is closely related to CHENOPODIACEAE, the Goosefoots, with the latter said now to be a subfamily


    Genus GOMPHRENA

  37. Gomphrena sonorae  ______  SD  (SW:36)  Flowers Aug-Sep. White.
    Sonoran Globe-Amaranth


    Genus KALI

  38. Kali tragus  (ph) (*)  ______  SD
    Tumbleweed 
    (or Russian Thistle)  

    Kali tragus
    was Salsola tragus.

    Kali tragus
    is not native in North America. It is native to Eurasia, and it is thought to have been introduced into the United States when a shipment of flaxseed from Russia that was contaminated with the seed of Kali tragus was delivered to South Dakota. It is now common in a number of habitats in the western US, and also introduced in other parts of the world including Australia, southern Africa, and parts of Central and South America. 

    Kali tragus dries out as its fruit develops, and then it breaks off at the base of its stem and is carried about by the wind, with its dry fruits and seeds dropping off as it rolls. That is the plant's method of biological dispersal.       . 

    In western North America, Kali tragus is a host plant for the butterfly: Brephidium exile, the Western Pygmy Blue. 



    Kali tagus, known as Tumbleweed
    (photo by Doris Potter)  



    Genus KRASCHENINNIKOVIA

  39. Krascheninnikovia lanata  (ph)   ______  GD   
    Winterfat 
    (or Lamb's Tail, "Sweet-sage" or "White-sage", although neither a sage nor a sagebrush) 

    Krascheninnikovia lanata has been in the genera Ceratoides and Eurotia. 




    Winterfat, Krascheninnikovia lanata
    (photo by Doris Potter)

    The genus name Krascheninnikovia honors the Russian botanist S. P. Krasscheninnikov. 

    Winterfat
    occurs in Eurasia and in western North America.
    It is a woody shrub recognized by its whitish gray foliage and a characteristic wooly appearance in the late summer. 
    The plant is a nutritious winter browse for wildlife. It is cold hardy to 0 degrees F, and very drought tolerant, and it is especially suited to growing at higher elevations , since it must have cool nights to thrive. 


    Genus SALICORNIA

  40. Salicornia bigelovii  ______  SD
    Pickleweed

  41. Salicornia utahensis  ______
    Utah Pickleweed 


    Genus SARCOBATUS

  42. Sarcobatus vermiculatus  ______
    Greasewood



    Genus TIDESTROMIA

  43. Tidestromia lanuginosa  ______  SD  (NW:52)  (SW:136)  Flowers Jun-Oct. Green. 
    Woolly Honeysweet
    S: Espanta Vaqueros

    Woolly Honeysweet
    can be conspicuous after summer rains, forming extensive patches of whitish mats.   

    Tidestromia lanuginosa
    (above) is an annual. Tidestromia oblongifolia (below) is a perennial.

  44. Tidestromia oblongifolia  ______ 
    Honeysweet


    Family AMARYLLIDACEAE


    Genus ZEPHYRANTHES  

  45. Zephyranthes longifolia  ______     
    Rain Lily

    "Zephyranthes"
    means "flowers of the west wind". Flowers appear very soon after substantial rains.

     


    Family ANACARDIACEAE  (Sumacs)


    Genus RHUS

  46. Rhus chlorophylla  ______
    Evergreen Sumac

  47. Rhus trilobata  ______
    Skunkbush

  48. Rhus virens  ______
    Tobacco Sumac 



    Family APIACEAE  (Parsleys)


    Genus CYMOPTERIS

  49. Cymopteris acaulis  ______  CD  GD  PD
    Plains Spring-Parsley

  50. Cymopteris montanum  ______  CD
    Mountain Spring-Parsley

  51. Cymopteris purpurascens  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (NW:59)
    Widespring Spring-Parsley 


    Genus ERYNGIUM

  52. Eryngium heterophyllum  ______
    Mexican Thistle


    Genus LOMATIUM

  53. Lomatium mohavense  ______  (similar to the Mountain Spring-Parsley
    Mojave Desert-Parsley 


    Family APOCYNACEAE  (Dogbanes)


    Genus AMSONIA

  54. Amsonia tomentosa  ______  SD  (NW:71) (SW:36)  Flowers Apr-Jun. White.
    Woolly Blue-Star


    Genus HAPLOPHYTON

  55. Haplophyton crooksii  ______  SD  (SW:149)  Flowers Jul-Oct. Yellow.
    Cockroach Plant
    S: Hirba de la Cucaracha

    Haplophyton crooksii is toxic.


    Genus MACROSIPHONIA


  56. Macrosiphonia  macrosiphon  ______  CD
    Rock-Trumpet 


    Family APODANTHACEAE  (
    endoparasitic herbs)


    Genus PILOSTYLES

  57. Pilostyles thurberi  ______  SD
    Thurber's Stemsucker

    Pilostyles thurberi
    is a parasitic plant that can be found with Psorothamnus emoryi, the Emory's Smokebush, also known as the Dyebush, or White Indigobush.
    Pilostyles thurberi is tiny, only a few millimeters long. It has no roots, leaves, or chlorophyll, obtaining its water and nutrients from its host plant.  


    Family ARECACEAE  (PALMAE)  (Palms)  (T)


    Genus BRABEA

  58. Brabea (spp.)  ______  SD
    Hesper Palm
    S: Palma Ceniza  ("Ashy Palm")

  59. Brabea armata  ______  SD
    Blue Palm
    S: Palma Azul  ("Blue Palm") 


    Genus WASHINGTONIA

  60. Washingtonia filifera ______  SD
    Desert Palm 
    (or California Fan Palm)
    S: Palma de Castilla, Palma de Abanico ("Fan Palm") 
     

    Washington filifera is a desert species only in the sense that it grows within desert boundaries. It is a relict species from a time when what is now a desert was an area receiving abundant rain and was covered by a tropical forest. Today, the Desert Palm grows only around springs and along streams.   

  61. Washingtonia robusta ______  SD
    Mexican Fan Palm
    S: Palma Colorada ("Red-brown Palm"), Palma Blanca ("White Palm") 



    Family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE  (Pipevines, Bladderworts, Birthworts)


    Genus ARISTOLOCHIA

  62. Aristolochia watsonii  ______  SD  (SW:136)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Green.  
    Southwestern Pipevine  
    S: Hierba del Indio ("Indian Herb"), Guaco 

    Other names for Aristolochia watsonii are Indian Root, Snakeroot, Birthwort.

    Aristolochia watsonii
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Battus philenor, the Pipevine Swallowtail. 

    Aristolochia watsonii ranges from southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico south to the tip of Baja California. 
    It can be a rather inconspicuous plant. Its flower is interesting, resembling a rodent's ear and with a musky odor.
    Small blood-sucking flies are fooled into entering the flower, where they are trapped for a day.
    When they escape and enter another Indian Root flower, they may pollinate it.

    MEDICINAL USE:
    Aristolochia watsonii was used for snakebite by native Americans and early European settlers.



    A Pipevine Swallowtail, Battus philenor, 
    photographed during the August 2010 FONT tour in Arizona  
    (photo by Marie Gardner)  



    Family ASCLEPIADACEAE  (Milkweeds)

    What has been the family ASCLEPIADACEAE is now the subfamily ASCLEPIADOIDEAE in APOCYNACEAE, the Dogbanes.    


    Genus ASCLEPIAS 

  63. Asclepias albicans  ______  SD  (SW:150)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow. 
    White-stemmed Milkweed  (or Wax Milkweed)

    Asclepias albicans occurs in dry rocky places in deserts. It is a host plant for the butterfly: Danaus gilippus, the Queen.

  64. Asclepias brachystephana  ______  CD
    Short-crowned Milkweed 

  65. Asclepias cryptocerax  ______
    Pallid Milkweed

  66. Asclepias erosa  ______  MD  SD
    Desert Milkweed

    Asciepias erosa
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Danaus gilippus, the Queen, Danaus plexippus, the Monarch.
     
  67. Asclepias nyctaginifolia  ______  MD  SD  (SW:137)  Flowers May-Sep. Green.
    Mojave Milkweed

    MEDICINAL USE:
    Indigenous people used plants with milky sap, such as Asclepias nyctaginifolia, to treat ulcerating sores. 

  68. Asclepias rusbyi  ______  PD
    Rusby Milkweed

  69. Asclepias subulata  ______  SD  (SW:138)  Flowers Apr-Dec. Green.
    Rush Milkweed
    S: Ajamete

  70. Asclepias subverticillata  ______
    Poison Milkweed 
    (or Horsetail Milkweed)

    Asciepias subverticillata is a host plant for the butterfly: Danaus plexippus, the Monarch. 

  71. Asclepias tuberosa  ______  (NW:81)
    Butterfly Weed 
    (or Orange Milkweed, Chiggerflower

    Asciepias tuberosa
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Danaus gilippus, the Queen, Danaus plexippis, the Monarch. 


    Genus FUNASTRUM  (or SARCOSTEMMA)

  72. Funastrum (or Sarcostemma) cynanchoides  (var. hartwegii)  ______  SD  (SW:76)  Flowers May-Sep. Pink.
    Narrowleaf Climbing Milkweed

    Another name for Funastrum arcostemma (or Sarcostemma) cynanchoides is Fringed Twinevine. It occurs at streamsides, washes, and dry plains.  

    Funastrum (or Sarcostemma) cynanchoides is a host plant for the butterfly: Danaus gilippus, the Queen.

    Funastrum species have an unpleasant odor, similar to that of burning rubber.

  73. Funastrum hirtellum  ______  SD  (SW:138)  Flowers Mar-May. Green.
    Smooth Twistvine 



    Family ASTERACEAE (or COMPOSITAE)  (Asters, Sunflowers) 

    With about 1,100 genera & 20,000 species in this large, worldwide family; making this and the Orchid Family (ORCHIDACEAE) the two largest plant families.

    Various species in the ASTER family are host plants for the butterflies: Phyciodes batesii, the Tawny Crescent, Phyciodes selenis, the Northern Crescent. 


    Genus ACAMPTOPAPPUS 

    Both of the species here occur in rocky mesas and mountain slopes.

  74. Acamptopappus shockleyi  ______  MD  GD 
    Goldenhead

  75. Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus  ______  MD  SD  
    Rayless Goldenhead
     

    Genus ACHILLEA

  76. Achillea millefolium  ______  (NW:109)
    Yarrow 
    (or Milfoil)
        

    Genus ACOURTIA

  77. Acourtia nana  ______  SD  (SW:76)  Flowers Mar-Jun, again in Oct.  Pink.
    Desert Holly

  78. Acourtia wrightii  ______  SD  (SW:77)  Flowers Jan-Jun. Pink.
    Brownfoot   



    Genus ADENOPHYLLUM 
    (or DYSSODIA)

    Both of the species here are abundant in sandy flats and washes. 

  79. Adenophyllum cooperi  ______  MD  SD 
    Orange Glandweed

  80. Adenophyllum porophylloides  ______  SD 
    Sonoran Glandweed 



    Genus AMBROSIA


  81. Ambrosia ambrosioides  ______  SD  
    Bursage 
    (or Canyon Ragweed)
    S: Chicura 

  82. Ambrosia deltoidea  ______  SD   
    Triangle-leaved Bursage 
    (or Burrobush, Rabbitbush)
    S: Estafiate
      
     
     
  83. Ambrosia dumosa  ______  SD  
    White Bursage  (or Burrobush)
    S: Chicurilla, Hierba del Burro ("Burro Herb"), Huizapol


    Genus ANISOCOMA

  84. Anisocoma acaulis  ______  MD  SD  (NW:88)   
    Scale-Bud

    The Scale-bud is widely distributed. It prefers sandy soils, especially washes.


    Genus ARTEMISIA  

  85. Artemisia spinescens  ______  GD  MD  PD
    Budsage 
    (or Spiny Sagebrush 

  86. Artemisia tridentata  ______  GD
    Sagebrush 
    (or Tall Sagebrush 


    Genus ATRICHOSERIS

  87. Atrichoseris platyphylla  ______  SD  (NW:87) (SW:37)  Flowers Mar-Apr. White.
    Tobacco Weed  (or Parachute Plant; also called Gravel Ghost)

    Atrichoseris platyphylla occurs in sandy, desert washes.


    Genus BACCHARIS


  88. Baccharis sarothroides  ______  SD
    Desert Broom 
    (or Broom Baccharis)
    S: Romerillo ("Rosemary"), Escoba Amarga ("Bitter Broom"), Hierba del Pasmo  


    Genus BAHIA

  89. Bahia absinthifolia  (*)  ______  SD  (SW:150)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Yellow.
    Silverleaf Bahia

    The Silverleaf Bahia is a frequent roadside plant near Tucson, Arizona.


    Genus BAILEYA

  90. Baileya multiradiata  (*)  ______  CD  SD  (NW:133) (SW:151)  Flowers mostly Jul-Oct, but throughout the year. Yellow.
    Desert Marigold
    S: Hierba Amarilla ("Yellow Herb")  

  91. Baileya pauciradiata  ______  SD  (SW:152)  Flowers Dec-Jun, sometimes Oct. Yellow.
    Laxflower


    Genus BEBBIA

  92. Bebbia juncea  ______  SD  (SW:152)  Flowers Apr-Oct, but often a few flowers all-year. Yellow.
    Sweetbush
    S: Chuparosa ("sucked" by insects for nectar), Junco (generic name for "rushes")  

    Another name for Bebbia juncea is Chuckwalla's Delight. 



    The Chuckwalla


    Genus BERLANDIERA 

  93. Berlandiera lyrata  ______  (NW:115)    
    Lyre-leaved Green-eyes

    Other names for Berlandiera lyrata are simply Greeneyes, and Chocolate Flower. 
    It occurs in grassy areas, in gravelly or rocky soil. it is common along roadsides.


    Genus BRICKELLIA

  94. Brickellia grandiflora  ______
    Large-flowered Brickelbush


    Genus CALYCOSERIS

  95. Calycoseris wrightii  ______  CD  MD  SD  (SW:38)  Flowers Mar-May. White.
    White Tack-Stem 

    Another name for Calycoseris wrightii is Cupfruit.


    Genus CHAENACTIS

  96. Chaenactis carphoclinia  ______  
    Pebble Pincushion

  97. Chaenactis douglasii  ______  GD  (NW:104)
    Douglas Pincushion

    Another name for Chaenactis douglasii is Dusty-maiden.

  98. Chaenactis fremontii  ______  MD SD  (NW:104)
    Desert Pincushion 
    (or Fremont's Pincushion)

  99. Chaenactis steviodes  ______  GD  SD  (NW:104) (SW:39)  Flowers Feb-May. White.
    Stevia Pincushion 
      

    Other common names for Chaenactis steviodes are: Esteve's Pincushion, False Yarrow, Broad-leaved Chaenactis. 

    Chaenactis steviodes is closely related to the Desert Pincushion, and often goes by the same name.

    There are several Chaenactis species with white flowers.


    Genus CHLORACANTHA

  100. Chloracantha spinosa  ______  CD  SD  (SW:39)  Flowers May-Oct. White.
    Spiny Aster
    (or Mexican Devilweed)


    Genus CHRYSACTINIA

  101. Chrysactinia mexicana  ______  CD  (NW:125) 
    Damianita 

    In the US, the Damianita occurs from southern New Mexico to south-central Texas, but it more common and widespread in Mexico.  


    Genus CHRYSOTHAMNUS   (S)

  102. Chrysothamnus albidus  ______  GD  MD  PD  (in alkaline flats)
    Alkali Rabbitbrush

  103. Chrysothamnus greeniii  ______  PD
    Green Rabbitbrush

  104. Chrysothamnus (or Ericameria) nauseosus  (ph)  ______  GD  (NW:134) 
    Rubber Rabbitbrush

    Chrysothamnus nauseosus
    occurs in dry open areas with sagebrush.



    Rubber Rabbitbrush
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    Some races of the Rubber Rabbit Brush are light green; others have silvery hairs. The Navajos obtained a yellow dye from the flower heads.   

    Including all the subspecies and varieties, perhaps as many as 20, the Rubber Rabbit Brush ranges from Canada to Mexico, inhabiting all the arid and semiarid ecosystems of western North America.  

  105. Chrysothamnus panicularus  ______  MD  SD  (in washes and on gravelly slopes)
    Desert Rabbitbrush

  106. Chrysothamnus visciciflorus  ______  GD
    Sticky Rabbitbrush


    Genus CIRSIUM

    Species in the CIRSIUM genus are host plants for the butterfly: Phyciodes pallida, the Pale Crescent.

  107. Cirsium mohavense  ______  MD
    Mojave Thistle

  108. Cirsium neomexicanum  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:77)  Flowers mostly Mar-Apr, at lower elevation to Sep. Pink.  
    New Mexico Thistle

    Another name for Cirsium neomexicanum has been Desert Thistle.

    Cirsium neomexicanum is a host plant for the butterfly: Vanessa candui, the Painted Lady.  

  109. Cirsium ochrocentrum  ______
    Yellow-spined Thistle

  110. Cirsium texanum  ______  CD
    Texas Thistle



    A Lesser Goldfinch on Texas Thistle
    (photo by Rhett Poppe) 


    Genus COREOPSIS

  111. Coreopsis bigelovii  ______ 
    Bigelow Tickseed

    Coreopsis bigelovii
    occurs in California deserts.

  112. Coreopsis californica  (var. newberryi)  ______  MD  SD  (SW:153)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    California Tickseed 
    (also called Arizona Tickseed)  

  113. Coreopsis calliopsidea  ______
    Showy Tickseed


    Genus DIMORPHOTHECA

  114. Dimorphotheca sinuata  ______  SD  (SW:153)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Yellow. (not native to the southwest US, from Africa)
    African Daisy
    (or Cape Marigold 

    African Daisy
    has been added to "wildflower" seed mix spread along highways, and has been reseeding itself.


    Genus ENCELIA

  115. Encelia farinosa  ______  SD  (NW:116) (SW:154)  Flowers Nov-May. Yellow.
    Brittlebush
    S: Incienso, Rama Blanca ("White Branch"), Hierba de las Animas (Herb of the Souls")

    In full flower, Brittlebushes seems a solid mass of brilliant yellow. The stems exude a fragrant resin that was chewed by Native Americans and used as incense in churches in Baja California, hence the name "Incienso".  

  116. Encelia frutescens  (var. frutescens)  ______  SD  (NW:116) (SW:155)  Flowers Jan-Sep. Yellow.
    Button Brittlebush

    Another name for Encelia frutescens is Rayless Encelia.


    Genus ENCELIOPSIS

  117. Enceliopsis nudicaulis  ______  GD  MD  PD  (found among desert brush)
    Naked-stemmed Sunray

  118. Enceliopsis nutans  ______  PD
    Painted Desert Sunray


    Genus ERICAMERIA (
    was HAPLOPAPPUS)

  119. Ericameria laricifolia  ______  SD  (SW:155)  Flowers Aug-Nov. Yellow.
    Turpentine Brush

  120. Ericameria linearifolia  ______  SD  (NW:134)  (SW:156)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Narrow-leaved Goldenbrush

    Other names for Ericameria linearifolia are Mojave Goldenbush and Interior Goldenbrush.
     

    Genus ERIGERON

  121. Erigeron divergens  (ph)  ______  SD  (SW:40)  Flowers Feb-Oct. White.
    Spreading Fleabane

    Erigeron divergens
    occurs in open, sandy areas in deserts. It is one of a number of similar species. 



    Spreading Fleabane
    (photographed by Rise Hill during a FONT tour in Arizona) 

  122. Erigeron modestus  ______  CD
    Plains Fleabane

  123. Erigeron utahensis  ______  PD
    Utah Daisy 


    Genus ERIOPHYLLUM

  124. Eriophyllum ambiguum  ______  MD
    Yellow Frocks

  125. Eriophyllum lanosum  ______  SD  (NW:129) (SW:40)  Flowers Feb-May. White.
    White-ray Woolly Sunflower

    Other names for Eriophyllum lanosum are White Woolly Daisy and White Easter Bonnet.

  126. Eriophyllum pringlei  ______  MD  SD  (NW:128) (SW:156)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Pringle Woolly Sunflower 

    Another name for Eriophyllum pringlei is Pringle's Woolly Daisy.

  127. Eriophyllum wallacei  (ph)  ______  SD  (NW:129) (SW:157)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Yellow Woolly Daisy 

    Another name for Eriophyllum wallacei is Wallace's Woolly Daisy. It has also been called Desert-Gold or simply  Woolly Daisy.  


    Genus GAILLARDIA

  128. Gaillardia arizonica  ______  SD  (SW:157)  Flowers Feb-Jul. Yellow.
    Arizona Blanketflower

  129. Gaillardia pulchella  ______  (NW:131)  
    Texas Indian Blanket  (or "Blanket Flower", or "Firewheel")

    Gaillardia pulchella occurs in sandy plains and deserts. It is common along roadsides. 

    It is a host plant for the butterfly: Closyne lacinia, the Bordered Patch.
      
  130. Gaillardia spathulata  ______
    Utah Blanketflower 
      


    Genus GERAEA

  131. Geraea canescens  ______  SD  (SW:158)  Flowers Oct-Jun. Yellow.
    Desert Sunflower

    Geraea canescens
    occurs in sandy, barren, flat deserts.


    Genus GLYPTOPLEURA

  132. Glyptopleura setulosa (or marginata)  ______  GD  MD  (NW:88)
    Crustleaf 

    Other names for Glyptopleura setulosa are Keysia or Holly-dandelion.


    Genus GRINDELIA 

  133. Grindelia squarrosa  ______  (NW:139)
    Curly Gumweed 
    (or Curlycup Gumweed, or Stickyheads)


    Genus GUTIERREZIA

  134. Gutierrezia microcephala  ______  SD  (SW:159)  Flowers summer-fall. Yellow.
    Sticky Snakeweed 

    Another name for Gutierrezia microcephala is Small-head Snakeweed.  

  135. Gutierrezia sarothrae  ______  (NW:134)
    Broom Snakeweed 
    (or Marchweed, Marchbush



    Genus HELIANTHUS

  136. Helianthus annuus  (ph)  ______  SD  (SW:159)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Yellow.
    Common Sunflower
    S: Mirasol  ("looks at the sun") (the flowers follow the sun each day, facing east in the morning and west at sunset)

    Helianthus annuus is a host plant for the butterflies: Chlosyne californica, the California Patch, Chlosyne lacinia, the Bordered Patch, Vanessa cardui, the Painted Lady. 



    Common Sunflowers photographed during the FONT tour in northern Arizona in August 2010
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  137. Helianthus ciliaris  ______  SD  (SW:160)  Flowers Jun-Nov. Yellow.
    Blueweed

  138. Helianthus petiolaris  ______  PD  SD  (SW:160)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Yellow.
    Plains Sunflower


    Genus HELIOMERIS

  139. Heliomeris longifolia  (var. annua) (ph)  ______  SD  (SW:161)  Flowers May-Oct. Yellow.
    Longleaf False Golden-eye



    Longleaf False Golden-eye, photographed during the August 2010 tour
    in southern Arizona
    (photo by Risë Hill)



    Genus HETEROTHECA

  140. Heterotheca subaxillaris  ______  SD  (SW:162)  Flowers Mar-Nov. Yellow.
    Camphorweed

  141. Heterotheca villosa  ______  (NW:139)
    Hairy Golden Aster


    Genus HYMENOCLEA

  142. Hymenoclea salsola  ______
    Cheese Bush 
    (or Burro Bush)


    Genus HYMENOPAPPUS

  143. Hymenopappus filifolius  ______  (NW:105)
    Fine-leaved Woollywhite

    Another name for Hymenopappus filifolius is Hyaline Herb.


    Genus HYMENOTHRIX

  144. Hymenothrix wislizeni  ______  SD  (SW:162)  Flowers Jun-Dec. Yellow.
    Yellow Thimblehead


    Genus HYMENOXYS

  145. Hymenoxys acaulis  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD  (NW:133)
    Angelita Daisy

    Another name for Hymenoxys acaulis is Stemless Bitterweed.

  146. Hymenoxys depressa  ______ 
    Cushion Bitterweed

    Hymenoxys depressa
    occurs in high desert in central Utah.

  147. Hymenoxys odorata  ______  SD  (SW:163)  Flowers Jan-Jun. Yellow.
    Poison Rubberweed  (or Bitterweed)  


    Genus ISOCOMA

  148. Isocoma pluriflora  ______  SD  (SW:164)  Flowers Jun-Oct. Yellow.
    Rayless Goldenrod 
    (or Jimmyweed)

    Isocoma pluriflora
    is toxic to livestock, causing "trembles", but it is distasteful and so rarely eaten.  

  149. Isocoma wrightii  (or Haplopappus heterophyllus)
    Jimmyweed


    Genus LASTHENIA

  150. Lasthenia gracilis  ______  SD  (SW:164)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.
    California Goldfields


    Genus LAYIA

  151. Layia glandulosa  ______  (NW:127)
    White Tidy-tips


    Genus LEUCELENE

  152. Leucelene ericoides  ______
    Rose Heath


    Genus LIATRIS

  153. Liatris punctata  ______  (in dry open places, and among pinons and junipers; often in sandy soil) 
    Dotted Gayfeather


    Genus MACHAERANTHERA

  154. Machaeranthera bigelovii  (ph)  ______ 
    Bigelow Aster (or Sticky Aster)

    Machaeranthera bigelovii occurs in plains and openings in coniferous forest.




    Bigelow Aster
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    The Sticky Aster is a wildflower of the late summer, often coloring entire banks and roadsides with vibrant purple. In the afternoon, as flower heads become shaded, the rays fold upward in the "sleep position".
    The Sticky Aster resembles what has been the true asters (Aster), but has spiny or divided leaves.   

  155. Machaernathera canescens  ______  SD  (SW:78)  Flowers Jun-Nov. Purple.
    Hoary Tansey-Aster

  156. Machaeranthera gracilis  ______
    Slender Goldenweed

    Machaeranthera gracilis has the lowest chromosome number known in plants, with only 4 chromosomes in each cell. Most plants have 14 to 30. 

  157. Machaeranthera grindelioides  ______  GD  PD
    Gumweed Aster

  158. Machaeranthera parviflora  ______  SD
    Small-flower Tansey-Aster 

  159. Machaeranthera pinnatifida  ______  SD  (SW:165)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Yellow.
    Lacy Tansey-Aster  


    Other names for Machaeranthera pinnatifida have been Yellow Spiny Daisy, Cut-leaf Goldenweed, and Cut-lea Ironplant. 

    Machaeranthera pinnatifida
    was once known as Haplopappus spinulosus. This plant has perplexed botanists. Haplopappus is, more strictly, a South American genus.
     
  160. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia  ______  SD  (SW:79) Flowers Jun-Oct. Purple.  
    Tansey Aster 


    Another name for Machaeranthera tanacetifolia is Tahoka Daisy.


    Genus MADIA  ("Madia"
    is a Chilean name for a species once grown for the oil in its seeds

  161. Madia elegans  ______  (NW:127)
    Common Madia


    Genus MALACOTHRIX

  162. Malacothrix coulteri  ______  MD  (NW:87)
    Snake's-Head

  163. Malacothrix fendleri  ______  SD  (SW:165)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Fendler's Desert-Dandelion

  164. Malacothrix glabrata  ______  SD  (NW:87) (SW:166)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Desert Dandelion

  165. Malacothrix torreyi  ______  GD
    Torrey Malacothrix


    Genus MELAMPODIUM 

  166. Melampodium leucanthemum  ______  CD  SD  (NW:129) (SW:41)  Flowers Mar-Nov. White.
    Blackfoot Daisy  


    Another name for Melampodium leucanthemum is Plains Blackfoot. 


    Genus MONOPTILON

  167. Monoptilon bellioides  ______  MD  SD  (NW:149) (SW:41)  Flowers Feb-Apr. White.
    Mohave Desert Star

  168. Monoptilon bellidiforme  ______  (NW:149)
    Daisy Desert Star


    Genus PALAFOXIA

  169. Palafoxia arida  (var. arida)  ______  MD  SD  (NW:103) (SW:79)  Flowers Jan-Sep. Pink.
    Desert Palafox

    Palafoxia arida  (var. gigantea)  ______ 
    in sand of southwestern Arizona and southeastern California  

    Another name for Palafoxia arida is Spanish Needles.

  170. Palafoxia sphacelata  ______  CD  (NW:103)
    Rayed Palafox

    Other names for Palafoxia sphacelata are Chihuahuan Palafoxia and Showy Palafoxia


    Genus PERITYLE

  171. Perityle emoryi  ______  SD  (SW:42)  Flowers Dec-Oct. White.
    Desert Rockdaisy



    Genus PECTIS

  172. Pectis papposa  ______  SD  (SW:166)  Flowers Jun-Dec. Yellow.
    Chinchweed
    S: Mansnilla del Coyote

    After summer rains, sometimes Clinchweed is so common that expanses of sandy desert are covered in yellow.

  173. Pectis angustifolia  ______  CD
    S: Limincillo


    Genus PEUCEPHYLLUM

  174. Peucephyllum schottii  ______  SD  (SW:167)  Flowers Dec-May. Yellow.
    Pigmy-cedar
    S: Romero


    Genus PLUCHEA

  175. Pluchea sericea  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD  (NW:94)    
    Arrowweed

    Pluchea sericea
    grows in springs and along waterways, often forming dense thickets.


    Genus POROPHYLLUM

  176. Porophyllum gracile  ______  SD  (SW:80)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Purple.
    Slender Poreleaf
    S: Odora, or Yerba del Venado  ("Herb of the Deer")


    Genus PSATHYROTES

  177. Psathyrotes ramosissima  ______  MD  SD  (NW:105) (SW:168)  Flowers mostly Mar-Jun, but any time of year. Yellow.
    Velvet Turtleback

    Other names for Psathyrotes ramosissima are Desert Velvet or "Turtle-back".


    Genus PSILOSTROPHE 

  178. Psilostrophe cooperi  ______  SD  (NW:130) (SW:169)  Flowers mostly Apr-Jun & Oct-Dec, but also other times. Yellow. 
    White-stemmed Paper-Flower


    Genus RAFINESQUIA

  179. Rafinesquia neomexicana  ______  SD  (NW:87) (SW:42)  Flowers Feb-Jul. White.
    Desert Chicory 
    (or Plume-seed)


    Genus RATIBIDA

  180. Ratibida columnifera  ______  (NW:113)
    Prairie Coneflower  (or "Mexican Hat")

    Ratibida columnifera is primarily a prairie species that ranges westward into the deserts. 


    Genus SENECIO 
    (nearly 100 species in this genus occur in the western US)

  181. Senecio bigelovii  ______  (NW:140)
    Nodding Groundsel 

  182. Senecio douglasii  ______   CD  PD
    Thread-leaved Groundsel

    Senecio douglasii
    is sometimes placed in the species Senecio flaccidus (below). 
    It is a distinctive plant with bright yellow heads and white-woolly leaves and stems.    

  183. Senecio flaccidus  (var. monoensis)  ______  SD  (SW:169)  Flowers mostly Mar-May, but also any time. Yellow.  
    Thread-leaved Groundsel

    Another name for Senecio flaccidus is Smooth Threadleaf Ragwort.

  184. Senecio multilobatus  ______  GD  PD
    Great Basin Groundsel


    Genus STEPHANOMERIA

  185. Stephanomeria exigua  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:80)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Purple.
    White-plume Wire-Lettuce

    Another name for Stephanomeria exigua has been Annual Wire-Lettuce.

  186. Stephanomeria pauciflora  ______  widespread
    Brown-plume Wire-Lettuce 


    Genus SYNTRICHOPAPPUS

  187. Syntrichopappus fremontii  ______  MD  SD
    Fremont Xerasid 


    Genus TAGETES

  188. Tagetes lemmonii  ______ 
    Lemmon Marigold

    Tagetes lemmonii
    occurs in the desert mountains of southern Arizona. 


    Genus TARAXACUM

  189. Taraxacum officinale  ______  SD  (SW:170)  Flowers mostly Oct-Apr, but in cool places other times. Yellow.
    Dandelion 
    (or Blowball)
    S: Chicoria
      

    Genus TETRADYMIA

  190. Tetradymia glabrata  ______  GD  MD  PD
    Little-leaved Horsebrush

  191. Tetradymia spinosa  ______  GD  MD  PD
    Thorny Horsebrush 


    Genus THELESPERMA

  192. Thelesperma subnudum  ______  PD  (NW:122)
    Scapose Greenthread

    Another name for Thelesperma subnudum is Navajo Tea.


    Genus THYMOPHYLLA

  193. Thymophylla (formerly Dyssodia) pentachaeta  (var. belenidum)  ______  SD  (SW:170)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Yellow. 
    Five-needle Pricklyleaf
    S: Parralena

    Another name for Thymophylla pentachaeta is Five-needle Fetid Marigold. It frequently grows near Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) and Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), or among pinon and juniper.

  194. Thymophyila (formerly Dyssodia) acerosa  ______  (NW:125)
    Prickle-leaved Dogweed

    Another name for Thymophyila acerosa is Prickly Fetid Marigold 


    Genus TOWNSENDIA

  195. Townsendia florifer  ______  GD

  196. Townsendia incana  ______  PD
    Hoary Ground Daisy


    Genus TRICHOPTILIUM

  197. Trichoptilium incisum  ______  MD  SD  (SW:171)  Flowers Feb-May, sometimes also Oct-Nov. Yellow.
    Yellow-head 
    (or Yellowdome)


    Genus TRIXIS

  198. Trixis californica  ______  CD  SD  (NW:152) (SW:171) Flowers mostly Feb-Apr, but also other times. Yellow.
    American Threefold
    S: Plumilla ("Little Feather"),
    or Arnica

    Another name for Trixis californica is California Trixis. It occurs on rocky desert slopes.


    Genus UROPAPPUS

  199. Uropappus lindleyi  ______  SD  (SW:172)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Silverpuffs 



    Genus VERBESINA

  200. Verbesina encelioides  (ph)  ______  CD  GD  SD  (NW:116) (SW:173)  Flowers Apr-Nov. Yellow.
    Golden Crownbeard 
    (or Cowpen Daisy)

    Verbesina encelioides is a host plant for the butterfly: Closyne lacinia, the Bordered Patch.  



    Golden Crownbeard, or Cowpen Daisy
    (photo by Doris Potter)



    Bordered Patch on a Cowpen Daisy
    (photo by Doris Potter) 



    Genus VIGUIERA

  201. Viguiera parishii  ______  MD  SD  
    Parish Goldeneye

    Viguiera parishii
    is most abundant in the Yuma Desert of southwest Arizona.


    Genus WYETHIA

  202. Wyethia scabra  ______  (NW:121)
    Rough Mule's-Ears


    Genus XYLORHIZA 
    (with a woody base, "Xylorhiza" means "woody base")

    XYLORHIZA is closely related to MACHAERANTHERA. Both were part of the very diverse genus ASTER.   

  203. Xylorhiza cognata  ______  SD(extreme northwestern)  Rare.
    Mecca Aster

  204. Xylorhiza orcuttii  ______  SD  (SW:81)  Flowers Mar-Apr. Purple.
    Orcutt's Woody Aster  

  205. Xylorhiza tortifolia  ______  MD  SD  (NW:146) (SW:82)  Flowers Mar-May. Pink-purple.
    Mohave Aster

  206. Xylorhiza venusta  ______  PD  
    Cisco Woody Aster

    Xylorhiza venusta
    is endemic to the Painted Desert. 

  207. Xylorhiza wrightii  ______  CD
    Big Bend Aster


    Genus ZINNIA 
    (the genus is named for Johann Zinn, an 18th-century German professor who collected seeds in Mexico of Zinnia elegans, from which the Golden Zinnia descends) 

  208. Zinnia acerosa  ______  CD  SD  (NW:130) (SW:43)  Flowers Apr-Oct. White. 
    White Zinnia

    Another name for Zinnia acerosa is the Desert Zinnia. It ranges westward across Arizona.

  209. Zinnia grandiflora  ______   (NW:130)
    Little Golden Zinnia 
    (or Showy Zinnia)   


    Family BERBERIDACEAE  (Barberries)


    Genus BERBERIS

  210. Berberis fremontii  ______
    Desert Barberry

  211. Berberis haematocarpa  ______  CD  SD
    Red Barberry


    Family BIGNONIACEAE  (Trumpet Creepers, Bignonias, Catalpa) 


    Genus CHILOPSIS  (T)


  212. Chilopsis linearis  ______  SD  (SW:82)  Flowers Apr-Aug. Pink.    
    Desert Willow 
    (or "Desert Catalpa")
    S: Mimbre  (
    meaning "wicker"), or Jano

    The habitat and resemblance of the leaves of Chilopsis linearis to those of the willows, gives the Desert Willow its common name, but there is no taxonomic relationship between them. 

    Chilopsis linearis occurs along desert washes.


    Genus TECOMA

  213. Tecoma stans  ______  SD  (SW:173)  Flowers May-Oct. Yellow.   
    Yellow Trumpet Flower

    Tecoma stans
    ranges from southeast Arizona into Texas, but it is seldom abundant.


    Family BIXACEAE  (Lipstick Tree Family)


    Genus AMOREUXIA

  214. Amoreuxia palmatifida  ______  SD  (SW:174)  Flowers Jul-Aug. Yellow.
    Mexican Yellowshow


    Family BORAGINACEAE  (Borages)


    Genus AMSINCKIA  (Fiddlenecks)

  215. Amsinckia menziesii  ______  SD  (NW:161) (SW:174)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.
    Common Fiddleneck

    Another names for Amsinckia menziesii is Rancher's Fireweed.  

  216. Amsinckia tessellata  ______
    Devil's Lettuce


    Genus CRYPTANTHA

  217. Cryptantha sp.  ______
    "White Cryptantha"  

    Numerous "White Cryptantha" grow in North American deserts, separable only by technical characteristics. Many are dinky plants with small flowers and go unnoticed, but a few are showy.

  218. Cryptantha angustifolia  ______  SD  (SW:44)  Flowers Feb-Jun. White.
    Panamint Cat's-eye

  219. Cryptantha confertiflora  ______  MD  PD
    Golden Cryptantha

  220. Cryptantha flava  ______  (NW:160)
    Plateau Yellow Cryptantha


    Genus HELIOTROPIUM

  221. Heliotropium convulvulaceum  ______
    Sweet-scented Heliotrope

  222. Heliotropium curassavicum  ______  SD  (NW:163)  (SW:44)  Flowers mostly Mar-Oct, but all year. White.
    Salt Heliotrope 
    (or "Quail Plant")
    S: Cola de Mico  (means "monkey tail", describing the coiled flower cluster)

    The Quail Plant is so-called after the birds that feed on its fruit. It grows in saline areas, with greasewood and other salt-tolerant shrubs.

  223. Heliotropium greggii  ______  CD
    Gregg's Heliotrope


    Genus LITHOSPERMUM

  224. Lithospermum incisum  ______  (NW:161)
    Narrow-leaved Puccoon

    Other names for Lithospermum incisum are Fringed Gromwell or Fringed Puccoon.

    "Puccoon"
    is a Native American word for plants that yield dye.


    Genus MACROMERIA

  225. Macromeria viridiflora  ______  (NW:162)
    Giant Trumpets

    Another name for Macromeria viridiflora is Green-flowered Macromeria.


    Genus PLAGIOBOTHRYS

  226. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus  ______  (NW:160)
    Popcorn Flower 


    Genus TIQUILIA  (or COLDENIA)

  227. Tiquilia canescens  (var. canescens)  ______  SD  (SW:83)  Flowers Mar-Sep. Purple.
    Wooly Crinklemat
    S: Oreja del Perro  ("Dog's Ear") 

  228. Tiquilia greggii  ______  CD
    Gregg's Coldenia 
    (or Shrubby Tiquilia)

  229. Tiquilia plicata  ______  SD  (SW:83) Flowers Mar-Oct. Pink-purple.
    Fanleaf Crinklemat


    Family BRASSICACEAE  (CRUCIFERAE)  (Mustards)


    Genus ARABIS


  230. Arabis pulchra  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD
    Prince's Rockcress


    Genus BRASSICA

  231. Brassica nigra  ______  SD  (SW:175)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Yellow. (Not native to the southwest US, from Europe)  
    Black Mustard


    Genus CAULANTHUS

  232. Caulanthus inflatus  ______  MD  (NW:167)
    Desert Candle

    Caulanthus inflatus is an interesting cabbage-like plant. In the past, it was gathered and eaten by native Americans.  

  233. Caulanthus pilosus  ______  GD  (NW:167)
    Hairy Wild-cabbage

    Another name for Caulanthus pilosus is Chocolate Drops.


    Genus DIMORPHOCARPA 
    (was DITHYREA)

  234. Dimorphocarpa californica  ______  SD  (NW:170) (SW:46)  Flowers Feb-May, sometimes again Oct-Nov. White.   
    California Spectacle-pod

    In the US, the California Spectacle-pod occurs not only in California, but also in southern Nevada and western Arizona.  

  235. Dimorphocarpa wislizenii  ______  CD  GD  PD  SD  (NW:170) (SW:45)  Flowers Feb-Oct. White.
    Southwestern Spectacle-pod


    Genus DRABA

  236. Draba cuneifolia  ______  SD  (SW:46)  Flowers Feb-May. White.
    Wedge-leaf Whitlow-grass


    Genus ERUCA

  237. Eruca vesicaria sativa  ______  SD  (SW:47)  Flowers Mar-Jul. White.
    Garden Rocket

    Eruca vesicaria sativa
    is also called Salad Rocket.


    Genus ERYSIMUM

  238. Erysimum capitatum  ______  SD  (NW:174) (SW:175)  Flowers Mar-Apr in SD, later elsewhere. Yellow. 
    Western Wallflower

    The Western Wallflower is one of western North America's most striking wildflowers. It is also one of the most variable species, with a wide ecological tolerance.   

  239. Erysimum asperum  ______  (NW:174)
    Prairie Wallflower

    Erysimum asperum
    has also been called the Plains Wallflower.


    Genus LEPIDIUM

  240. Lepidum flavum  ______  (NW:168)
    Yellow Peppergrass


  241. Lepidum fremonti  (var. fremontii)  ______  SD  (SW:47)  Flowers Feb-May. White.
    Fremont's Peppergrass

    The Fremont's Peppergrass is the most showy of its kind, with white flowers resembling broad hearts.
    Another name for it is Bush Pepperwort.

  242. Lepidum montanum  ______  
    Western Peppergrass

    There are at least 15 races of Western Peppergrass, but any perennial, rather than bushy mustard with small white flowers is likely to be this species. 

    Lepidum montanum
    occurs in dry open areas, among Creosote Bush, sagebrush, pinyon, and juniper.  

  243. Lepidum thurberi  ______  MD  SD
    Thurber's Peppergrass


    Genus LESQUERELLA

  244. Lesquerella fendleri  ______
    Fendler's Bladderpod

  245. Lesquerella gordonii  ______  SD  (SW:176)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Gordon's Bladderpod

  246. Lesquerella tenella  ______
    Slender Bladderpod

  247. Lesquerella purpurea  ______  SD  (SW:48)  Flowers Jan-May. White.
    Western White Bladderpod 


    Genus LYROCARPA

  248. Lyrocarpa coulteri  ______  SD  (SW:139)  Flowers Dec-Apr, sometimes Aug. Green.
    Coulter's Lyre-pod  


    Genus NERISYRENIA

  249. Nerisyrenia camporum  ______  (NW:170)
    Bi-colored Fan-mustard

    Other names for Nerisyrenia camporum are Mesa Greggia and Velvety Nerisyrenia. It is the most common species of Mustard with large white flowers, occurring on limestone in deserts and arid grasslands.


    Genus PHYSARIA

  250. Physaria acutifolia  ______  PD  (NW:171)
    Sharp-leaved Twinpod

  251. Physaria chambersii  ______  (grows in desert mountains of Nevada, northeast California, & northern Arizona) 


    Genus SCHOENCRAMBE 
    (or SISYMBRIUM)

  252. Schoencrambe linearifolia  ______  
    Linear-leaved Sisymbrium


    Genus STANLEYA 

  253. Stanleya elata  ______  GD  MD
    Desert Plume 

  254. Stanleya pinnata  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (NW:165) (SW:176)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Yellow.   
    Golden Prince's Plume   

    The Golden Prince's Plume occurs in deserts and on plains, often in sagebrush.


    Genus STREPTANTHELLA

  255. Streptanthella longirostris  ______  MD  PD  SD  (most abundant in the Painted Desert)
    Long-beaked Twist-Flower


    Genus STREPTANTHUS

  256. Streptanthus carinatus  (var. arizonicus)  ______  SD  (SW:48)  Flowers Jan-Apr. White.
    Arizona Jewelflower



    Genus THELYPODIOPSIS

  257. Thelypodiopsis divaricata  ______
    Yellow Thelypody

  258. Thelypodiopsis howellii ______
    Howell's Thelypody


    Genus THYSANOCARPUS

  259. Thysanocarpus curvipes  ______  SD  (SW:139)  Flowers Jan-May. Green.
    Lacepod 
    (or Fringepod)


    Family BURSERACEAE  (Torchwoods)

    Genus BURSERA 
     

  260. Bursera microphylla  ______  SD  
    Elephant Tree
    S: Torote Blanco,
    or Copal, or Palo Colorado (meaning "Red Stick") 


    Family CACTACEAE  (Cacti)

    With about 140 genera and 2,000 species, nearly all found in warm arid parts of the Americas.


    Genus ARIOCARPUS

  261. Ariocarpus fissuratus  ______  CD
    Living Rock Cactus



    Genus ASTROPHYTUM  

  262. Astrophytum asterias  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Sea Urchin Cactus  (or "Sand Dollar" or "Star Cactus")  

    Astrophytum asteriae
    occurs in south Texas and in Mexico in Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.
     


    Genus BERGEROCACTUS 

  263. Bergerocactus emoryi  ______  (in southern California & on some of the Channel Islands and in northwestern Baja Califonria)
    Velvet Cactus 
    (or "Golden Torch")


    Genus CARNEGIEA  
     

  264. Carnegiea gigantea  (ph) (*)  ______  SD    
    Saguaro
    S: Saguaro 



    Saguaro, photographed during a FONT tour in Arizona
    (photo by Doris Potter)

    The White-winged Dove is a major pollinator of the flowers of the Saguaro


    Genus CORYPHANTHA

  265. Coryphantha missouriensis  ______
    Nipple Cactus  

  266. Coryphantha r. ramillosa  ______  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
    Bunched Cory Cactus 

  267. Coryphantha recurvata  ______  SD
    Santa Cruz Beehive Cactus

  268. Coryphantha robustispina  ______  SD
    Pineapple Cactus 
    (or Pima Pineapple Cactus

  269. Coryphantha vivipara  ______  GD
    Pincushion Cactus 


    Genus CYLINDROPUNTIA  (
    included in OPUNTIA)



    Genus ECHINOCACTUS  (Cotton-top Cacti)  (NW:182)

  270. Echinocactus conoideus  (or Neolloydia texensis ______  CD
    Texas Cactus 

  271. Echinocactus erectocentrus  ______  CD
    White-flowered Cactus


  272. Echinocactus hamatacanthus  ______  CD
    Turk's Head 


    Other names for Echinocactus hamatacanthus are Turk's head Cactus, and Eagle Claw or Blue Barrel.


  273. Echinocactus horizonthalonius  ______  CD
    Devil's Head

  274. Echinocactus intertextus  ______  CD
    Woven-spine Pineapple Cactus

  275. Echinocactus mariposensis  ______  CD
    Mariposa Cactus  


  276. Echinocactus polycephalus  ______  SD   
    Many-headed Barrel  


  277. Echinocactus texensis  ______  CD
    Devil's Claw 
    (also called Horse Crippler)

  278. Echinocactus tobuschii  ______  CD
    Tobusch Cactus  

  279. Echinocactus unicinatus  ______  CD
    Catclaw Cactus

  280. Echinocactus wislizeni  ______  CD
    Southwestern Barrel Cactus 

  281. Echinocactus warnocki  ______  CD
    Warnock's Cactus



    Genus ECHINOCEREUS  (Hedgehog Cacti, Strawberry Cacti)  (NW:183)   

  282. Echinocereus bonkerae  ______  SD
    Bonker Hedgehog Cactus

  283. Echinocereus brandegeei ______  SD   

  284. Echinocereus c. chisosensis  ______  CD  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
    Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Cactus
    (or Chisos Pitaya)  


  285. Echinocereus chloranthus  ______  CD
    Brown-flowered Cactus, Yellow-flowered Cactus 
    (two different subspecies)


  286. Echinocereus davisii  (or Echinocereus viridiflorus davisii ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Davis' Green Pitaya

  287. Echinocereus engelmannii  ______  SD
    Englemann's Hedgehog Cactus 
    (has also been called Calico Cactus, Strawberry Hedgehog)  

  288. Echinocereus enneacanthus  ______  CD
    Strawberry Hedgehog Cactus 


    Echinocereus enneacanthus
    has also been called Warty Hedgehog, Strawberry Cactus. There are various subspecies.

      
  289. Echinocereus fendleri  (var. fasciculatus)  ______  SD  (SW:84)  Flowers Apr-May. Pink.
    Pink-flower Hedgehog Cactus

    Another name for Echinocereus fendleri is Fendler's Hedgehog Cactus.

  290. Echinocereus ledingii  ______  SD
    Leding's Hedgehog Cactus

  291. Echinocereus lloydii  ______  (was US endangered; was Texas endangered)
    Lloyd's Hedgehog Cactus

  292. Echinocereus mojavensis  ______
    Mojave Hedgehog Cactus

  293. Echinocereus nicholii  ______  SD
    Golden Hedgehog Cactus

  294. Echinocereus pectinatus  ______  CD
    Comb Hedgehog Cactus 

    With other names for Echinocereus pactinatus being; Rainbow Cactus, Ashy-white Pitaya, Slender-spined Pitaya, Rio Grande Pitaya, Texas Rainbow Pitaya, Big Bend Pitaya.  There are various subspecies. 

  295. Echinocereus reichenbachii albertii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Black Lace Cactus

  296. Echinocereus triglochidiatus  (ph)  ______  CD
    Claret-cup Cactus 

    Other names for Echinocereus trigochidiatus are Little Claret-Cup, Southwest Claret-Cup, Texas Claret-Cup, King's Cup. There are various subspecies.



    Claret-cup Cactus, photographed in September, 
    2 months after the bright red flowers were in bloom  
    (photo by Doris Potter)

  297. Echinocereus virdiflorus  ______  CD
    Green-flowered Cactus  

    Other names for Echinocereus viriflorus are Green Pitaya and  Hen-and-Chickens Cactus. 


    Genus EPITHELANTHA 

  298. Epithelantha bokei  ______  CD
    Boquillas Button Cactus

  299. Epithelantha micromeris  ______  CD
    Button Cactus  



    Genus ESCOBARIA

  300. Escobaria minima  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Nellie's Cory Cactus

  301. Escobaria s. sneedii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Sneed's Pincushion Cactus


    Genus FEROCACTUS  (Barrel Cacti)   (NW:182)


  302. Ferocactus cylindraceus  (or F. acanthodes ______  SD   
    California Barrel Cactus 
    (or Spiny Cactus 

    The California Barrel Cactus is more slender (than other Ferocacti), and has more than 4 stout spines per cluster. 
     
  303. Ferocactus emoryi  (or F. covillei(ph) ______  SD  (SW:214)  Flowers Jun-Sep. Red.
    Ferocactus emoryi rectispinus: Straight-spined Barrel Cactus  ______  SD
    Emory's Barrel Cactus 
    (or Coville Barrel Cactus



    Emory's Barrel Cactus photographed during the August 2010 tour in Arizona
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  304. Ferocactus polycephalus  ______  SD
    Clustered Barrel Cactus

    The Clustered Barrel Cactus has woolly stem tips.

  305. Ferocactus wislizeni  (ph)  ______  SD  (SW:214)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Orange.   
    Southwestern Barrel Cactus

    Other names for Ferocactus wislizeni are Fishhook Barrel Cactus or Candy Barrel Cactus.  



    Southwestern, or Fishhook Barrel Cactus photographed during the August 2010 tour in Arizona
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


    Genus LOPHOCEREUS 

  306. Lophocereus (or Pachycereus) schotii  ______  SD  
    S: Senita  (
    another name is Garambullo)

    Senita is extremely common in desert flats and thornscrub habitats throughout much of the Sonoran Desert. 


    Genus LOPHOPHORA  (Peyotes)

  307. Lophophora williamsii  ______  CD
    Peyote



    Genus MAMMILLARIA  (Nipple Cacti)   (NW:183)
     

  308. Mammallaria grahamii  (var. grahamii)   ______  SD  (SW:85)  Flowers Jun-Jul. Pink.
    Graham's Nipple Cactus
    S: Cabeza de Viejo


    Mammallaria grahamii
    has been M. microcarpa, M. milleri. Other English names for it have been Fishhook Pincushion, or Fishhook Cactus. 

  309. Mammallaria echinus  ______  CD
    Sea-Urchin Cactus

  310. Mammallaria ramillosa  ______  CD
    Big Bend Mammalleria

  311. Mammallaria macromeris  ______  CD
    Long Mamma

  312. Mammallaria vivipara  ______  CD
    Bisquit Cactus

  313. Mammallaria fragrans  ______  CD
    Fragrant Cactus

  314. Mammallaria tuberculosa  ______  CD
    Cob Cactus

  315. Mammallaria dasyacantha  ______  CD
    Mountain Cob Cactus

  316. Mammallaria albicolumnaria  ______  CD
    White-spined Cob Cactus

  317. Mammallaria varicolor  ______  CD
    Varicolored Cactus

  318. Mammallaria duncanii  ______  CD
    Duncan's Cactus

  319. Mammallaria pottsii  ______  CD
    Foxtail Cactus

  320. Mammallaria lasiacantha  ______  CD
    Golf-ball Cactus

  321. Mammallaria heyderi  ______  CD
    Pancake Pincushion

  322. Mammallaria meiacantha  ______  CD
    Nipple Cactus
     


    Genus OPUNTIA  (
    includes CYLINDROPUNTIA, GRUSONIA, and CORYNOPUNTIA)  (Wildflowers)  

    CHOLLA:  
    (NW:182)
    OPUNTIA: 
    (NW:182)

  323. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) acanthocarpa  ______  SD  (SW:215)  Flowers Apr-May. Red.
    Buckhorn Cholla   

  324. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) arbuscula  ______  SD  
    Pencil Cholla  

  325. Opuntia atrispina  ______  CD
    Dark-spined Prickly Pear  


  326. Opuntia basilaris  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:85)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Deep Pink.
    Beavertail Cactus  
    (or Cholla)

  327. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) biglovii  ______  SD  (SW:140)  Flowers Feb-May. Green.
    Teddy Bear Cholla  

    Be careful while walking near this plant.
    Seemingly attractive, it is a cuddly "teddy bear" in appearance only, as the cactus can readily bury its sharp-barbed spines into one's skin.
    Removal can be most effective by inserting a comb beneath the stem-point and quickly flicking the cactus away from the skin.
    If more firmly embedded, the spines must be cut one by one and pulled with fingers or pliers.  



    Teddy Bear Cholla
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  328. Opuntia echinocarpa  ______  SD(west)  (SW:141)  Flowers Apr-May. Greenish.
    Silver Cholla 
    (or Golden Cholla)

  329. Opuntia engelmanni  ______  CD  SD  (SW:86)  Flowers Apr-Jun. Deep Pink.
    Engelmann Prickly Pear 
    S: Nopal, or Abrojo

    Opuntia engelmanni has been Opuntia phaeacantha discata. Other English names for it have been Cactus-Apple, and Texas Prickly Pear. 

  330. Opuntia erinacea  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (a variable and taxonomically confusing species)
    Mojave Prickly Pear

  331. Opuntia fragilis  ______  CD
    Fragile Prickly Pear, Brittle Cactus

  332. Opuntia fulgida  ______  SD  (SW:87)  Flowers Jun-Aug. Pink-Purple.
    Chainfruit Cholla 
    S: Brincadora  

    Opuntia fulgida
    was Cylindropuntia fulgida. Another English name for it has been Jumping Cholla.

  333. Opuntia grahamii  ______  CD   
    Dog Cholla

    Opuntia grahamii
    is a smaller version of Opuntia schottii.

  334. Opuntia imbricata  ______  CD  SD(extreme east)
    Tree Cholla

  335. Opuntia kleiniae  ______  CD 
    Candle Cholla

    The flowers of Opuntia kleiniae are greenish.

  336. Opuntia leptocaulus  ______  CD SD 
    Christmas Cholla 
    (or Desert Christmas Cactus) 
    S: Tasajillo   

    The flowers of Opuntia leptocaulus are yellow.

  337. Opuntia lindheimeri  ______  CD
    Chisos Prickly Pear

  338. Opuntia linguiformis  ______  CD
    Cow's Tingue Prickly Pear  


  339. Opuntia macrocentra  ______  CD
    Purple-tinged Prickly Pear

  340. Opuntia macrorhiza  ______  CD
    Grassland Prickly Pear  

  341. Opuntia phaecantha major  (ph) (*)  ______  SD
    Sprawling Prickly Pear 
    (also called Dusky Prickly Pear and Brownspine Prickly Pear)



    Sprawling Prickly Pear
    (photo by Doris Potter)


  342. Opuntia polyacantha  ______  GD  PD
    Plains Prickly Pear 


  343. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) prolifera  ______
    Coastal Cholla

  344. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) ramosissima  ______  
    Diamond Cholla

  345. Opuntia rufida   ______  CD 
    Blind Prickly Pear 

    Opuntia rufida
    is one of the few cacti entirely without spines.  

  346. Opuntia santa-rita  ______  SD  (SW:177)  Flowers Mar-Apr. Yellow.
    Santa Rita Prickly Pear

  347. Opuntia schottii  ______  CD
    Devil Cholla 

  348. Opuntia spinosibacca  ______  CD  (described as recently as 1956)
    Spinyfruit Prickly Pear 

  349. Opuntia spinosior  ______  SD  (SW:88)  Flowers May-Jun. Deep Pink. 
    Walkingstick Cholla

    Opuntia spinosior was Cylindropuntia spinosior. That genus Cylindropuntia has been for plants with round stems.  
    Another name for Opuntia spinosior is Cane Cholla.  

  350. Opuntia vaseyi  ______  (a formerly described species now thought to be a hybrid)
    Vasey Prickly Pear

  351. Opuntia (or Cylindropuntia) versicolor  ______  SD 
    Staghorn Cholla

  352. Opuntia violacea  ______  CD
    Purple Prickly Pear


    Genus PACHYCEREUS

  353. Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum  ______  SD  (in Mexico in Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, and Sonora) 
    Hairbrush Cactus
    S: Hecho

  354. Pachycereus pringlei  (ph)  ______  SD       
    Elephant Cactus
    S: Cardon

    Pachycereus pringlei
    is the largest columnar cactus in the Sonoran Desert. It occurs in Mexico along the coast of the Gulf of California in Sonora and on the Baja Peninsula.



    Cardon, or Elephant Cactus, during the FONT tour in Sonora, Mexico in August 2010 
    (photo by Risë Hill; in the photo Armas Hill)


    Genus PEDIOCACTUS  (Ball Cacti)  (NW:184)

  355. Pediocactus simpsonii  ______  
    Simpson's Hedgehog Cactus
     


    Genus PENIOCEREUS
    (or CEREUS)

  356. Peniocereus greggii (was Cereus greggii ______  CD  SD  (SW:49)  Flowers Jun-Jul. White. 
    Desert Night-blooming Cereus 
    (or Queen-of-the-Night)
    S: Reina de la Noche

    Inconspicuous most of the year, but when in bloom, the Night-blooming Cereus is easily spotted only in the evening and early morning when its spectacular night-blooming flowers are open. It is very popular in desert rock gardens and in the cactus trade; when a population is found, all too often, the large, turnip-like roots are quickly dug up. 

    Peniocereus greggii occurs in desert flats and washes.      


    Genus SCLEROCACTUS
    (or ANCISTROCACTUS

  357. Sclerocactus brevihamatus tobuschii  ______  (US endangered; Texas endangered)
    Tobusch Fishhook Cactus

  358. Sclerocactus mariposensis  ______  (US threatened; Texas threatened)
    Lloyd's Mariposa Cactus

  359. Sclerocactus uncinatus  ______  CD
    Chihuahua Fish-hook Cactus 
    (or Cat Claw Cactus)

  360. Sclerocactus johnsonii  ______  MD
    Johnson Devil-Claw

  361. Sclerocactus whipplei  ______  PD
    Whipple Fishhook Cactus



    Genus STENOCEREUS


     
  362. Stenocereus eruca  ______  SD  (found only on sandy soils on the central Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, in Mexico) 
    Creeping Devil 
      
     
  363. Stenocereus gummosus  ______  SD
    S: Pitahaya Agria

  364. Stenocereus thuberi  ______  SD  
    Organ Pipe Cactus 
    S: Pitahaya Dulce
     


    Genus THELOCACTUS

  365. Thelocactus bicolor  ______  CD
    Straw Spine Cactus 
    (or "Glory of Texas")


    Family CAMPANULACEAE  (Bellflowers)


    Genus NEMACLADUS

  366. Nemacladus glanduliferus  ______  SD  (SW:50)  Flowers Mar-May. White.
    Redtip Threadstem
     

    Family CAPPARACEAE  (Capers)


    Genus CLEOME

  367. Cleome lutea  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (NW:189) (SW:178)  Flowers May-Sep. Yellow. 
    Yellow Bee Plant

    The Yellow Bee Plant occurs on desert plains.

  368. Cleonme serrulata  ______  GD  PD  (NW:189)
    Rocky Mountain Bee Plant


    Genus CLEOMELLA

  369. Cleomella obtusifolia  ______    MD  SD
    Blunt-leaved Stinkweed

  370. Cleomella hillmanii  ______  GD
    Hillman Stinkweed 



    Genus ISOMERIS

  371. Isomeris arborea  ______ MD  SD  (SW:178)  Flowers most of the year, but mostly Jan-Mar. Yellow.  
    Bladderpod Bush
    S: Ejotillo

    The Bladderpod Bush occurs in southern California and in Mexico in Baja California.


    Genus POLANISIA

  372. Polanisia dodecandra  ______  SD  (NW:190) (SW:51)  Flowers May-Oct. White.
    Red-whisker Clammyweed


    Genus WISLIZENIA

  373. Wislizenia refracta  ______  SD  (SW:179)  Flowers Apr-Nov. Yellow. 
    Jackass Clover

    The ill-smelling Jackass Clover is toxic to domestic animals. On the other hand, the flower of the plant produces a fine honey. 


    Family CARYOPHYLLACEAE  (Carnations)


    Genus ACHYRONYCHIA

  374. Achyronychia cooperi  ______  SD  (SW:51)  Flowers Jan-May. White.
    Onyx Flower

    Other names for Achyronychia cooperi are Frostmat and Sandmat. 


    Genus ARENARIA

  375. Arenaria fendleri  ______
    Fendler's Sandwort


    Genus CERASTIUM

  376. Cerastium arvense  ______  (NW:194)
    Field Mouse-ear Chickweed

    Other names for Cerastium arvense are Meadow Chickweed or Starry Grasswort.


    Family CHENOPODIACEAE  (Goosefoots)

    CHENOPODIACEAE
    is now said to be a subfamily of AMARANTHACEAE (earlier in this list).


    Genus ATRIPLEX 

  377. Atriplex canescens  ______  SD
    Fourwing Saltbush  

    Atriplex canescens is a host plant for the butterfly: Brephidium exile, the Western Pygmy Blue. 

  378. Atriplex corrugata  ______
    Mat Saltbush

  379. Atriplex confertifolia  ______
    Shadscale

  380. Atriplex hymenelytra  ______  SD  (SW:141) Flowers Jan-Apr. Green.
    Desert Holly

    Atriplex hymenelytra is a host plant for the butterfly: Brephidium exile, the Western Pygmy Blue.


    Genus GRAYIA

  381. Grayia spinosa  ______
    Hopsage 



    Family CISTACEAE  (Rockroses)  


    Genus HELIANTHEMUM

  382. Helianthemum scopium  ______  (NW:197)  
    Common Rush-rose

    Another name for Helianthemum scopium is Peak Rush-rose. It occurs on dry sandy flats and on rocky slopes. 


    Family CONVOLVULACEAE  (Morning Glories)  (W)


    Genus CONVOLVULUS

  383. Convolulus arvensis  ______  SD  (SW:52)  Flowers May-Oct. White.
    Orchard Morning Glory

    Another name for Convolulus arvensis is Field Bindweed.


    Genus EVOLVULUS

  384. Evolvulus arizonicus  ______  SD  (NW:200) (SW:120)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Blue.
    Wild Dwarf-Morning Glory

    Other names for Evolvulus arizonicus are Arizona Blue-eyes or False Flax. It is with beautiful sky-blue flowers.  

  385. Evolvulus nuttallianus  ______  CD  PD  (NW:200)
    Shaggy Dwarf-Morning Glory

  386. Evolvulus sericeus  ______  CD  (NW:200)
    Silver Dwarf-Morning Glory

    Another name for Evolvulus sericeus is Silky Evolvulus


    Genus IPOMOEA

  387. Ipomoea barbatisepala  ______  SD  (SW:121)  Flowers Aug-Sep.  Blue.
    Canyon Morning Glory

  388. Ipomoea coccinea  (var. hederifolia)  ______  SD  (SW:216)  Flowers May-Oct. Red.
    Redstar

    Another name for Ipomoea coccinea is Star-glory. It is the only morning glory in the Sonoran Desert with scarlet flowers. 

  389. Ipomoea cristulata  ______  (NW:204) 
    Trans-Pecos Morning Glory

    Other names for Ipomoea cristulata are Scarlet Creeper or Star Glory. It occurs on brushy hillsides and in canyons.

  390. Ipomoea hederacea  ______  SD  
    Ivyleaf Morning Glory

  391. Ipomoea leptophylla  ______
    Bush Morning Glory 

  392. Ipomoea nil  ______   SD  (SW:88)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Purple.
    Ivy Morning Glory

  393. Ipomoea purpurea  ______  SD
    Common Morning Glory 

    Ipomoea purpurea
    is commonly cultivated and, especially in the garden, may have reddish or white flowers.  

  394. Ipomoea ternifolia  (var. ternifolia)  ______  SD  (SW:89)  Flowers Jun-Oct. Purple.
    Three-leaved Morning Glory


    Family CRASSULACEAE  (Stonecrops)


    Genus DUDLEYA

  395. Dudleya collomae  ______  SD  (SW:179)  Flowers Mar-May, also Oct. Yellow.
    Gila Live-forever

  396. Dudleya pulverulenta arizonica  ______  SD
    Chalky Live-forever

    The Chalky Live-forever occurs in western Arizona and southern California.

  397. Dudleya saxosa  ______
    Rock Dudleya 


    Family CROSSOSOMATACEAE  (Rock-flowers)


    Genus CROSSOSOMA

  398. Crossosoma bigelovii  ______  SD  (SW:53)  Flowers Dec-May, sometimes also in Sep. White.
    Ragged Rockflower  



    Family CUCURBITACEAE  (Cucumbers)


    Genus APODANTHERA

  399. Apodanthera undulata  ______  SD  (NW:208) (SW:180)  Flowers Jun-Sep. Yellow.
    Melon Loco
    S: Melon Loco  (Plants with the word "loco" in their common names are usually poisonous to some degree; several contain behavior-altering toxins.) 
     


    Genera CUCURBITA, CURBITA   


  400. Cucurbita digitata  ______  SD
    Fingerleaf Gourd

  401. Cucurbita palmata  ______  SD  (SW:181)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Yellow.
    Coyote Melon  


  402. Curbita foetidissima  ______  SD  (NW:208) (SW:180)  Flowers May-Aug. Yellow.       
    Buffalo Gourd
    S: Calabazilla 

    The fruit of the Buffalo Gourd is easily dried and often brightly painted for decorative use. It is foul-tasting, inedible, and somewhat poisonous when mature.
    The plant occurs in open areas of deserts.



    Genus IBERVILLEA

  403. Ibervillea tenuisecta  ______  (NW:208)  
    Cut-leaf Globe Berry
         

    The Cut-leaf Globe Berry occurs along shallow gullies and on rocky slopes in deserts. 


    Genus TUMAMOC 

  404. Tumamoca macdougalii  ______  SD
    Tumamoc Globe Berry


    Family CUSCUTACEAE  (Dodders)


    Genus CUSCUTA

  405. Cuscuta umbellata  ______  SD  (SW:53)  Flowers Aug-Oct. White.
    Flat-globe Dodder 


    Family EPHEDRACEAE  (Ephedras)

    Various species have been used extensively as a medicinal tea, a tonic.


    Genus EPHEDRA 
     

  406. Ephedra fasciculata  ______  MD  SD
    Mojave Ephedra

  407. Ephedra nevadensis  ______  CD  GD  MD  PD  SD
    Nevada Tea 
    (or Nevada Ephedra)

  408. Ephedra torreyama ______  
    Mormon Tea

  409. Ephedra viridis  ______  GD  PD
    Green Ephedra


    Family EUPHORBIACEAE  (Spurges) 


    Genus BERNARDIA

  410. Bernardia myricifolia  ______
    Mouse-eye


    Genus CHAMAESYCE  

  411. Chamaesyce albomarginata  ______  SD  (NW:223) (SW:54)  Flowers Feb-Oct. White.
    White-margin Sandmat
    S: Golondrina

    Other names for Chamaesyce albomarginata are White-margin Spurge and Rattlesnake-weed. It is one of the showiest of the low spurges. It was once thought useful for the treatment of snakebite, hence one of its names.   

  412. Chamaesyce florida  ______  SD  (SW:55)  Flowers Aug-Oct. White.
    Chiricahua Milk-Spurge


    Genus CNIDOSCOLUS

  413. Cnidoscolus angustidens  ______  SD  (SW:56)  Flowers May-Sep. White.
    S: Mala Mujer  (means "bad woman", referring to its sting

      

    Genus CROTON

  414. Croton californicus  ______  (NW:224)
    California Croton

    Croton californicus
    has also been called Desert Croton.

  415. Croton pottsii  ______  CD
    Leatherleaf


    Genus EUPHORBIA

  416. Euphorbia antisyphilitica  ______  CD  (NW:222)
    Candelilia

  417. Euphorbia melanodenia  ______
    Black-gland Spurge

  418. Euphorbia polycarpa  ______
    Small-seeded Spurge



    Genus JATROPHA   


  419. Jatropha cardiophylla  ______  SD
    Limberbush 
    (or Dragon's Blood)  (both names also applied to several other species)

  420. Jatropha dioica  ______  CD
    Leather Stem
    S: Sangre de Grabo 


    Genus MANIHOT

  421. Manihot angustiloba  ______  SD  (SW:142)  Flowers Jun-Sep. Green.
    Desert-Mountain Manihot


    Family FABACEAE  (Legumes. or Peas) 

    In the FABACEAE family, 3 genera of spiny desert shrubs (ACACIA, MIMOSA, and PROSOPSIS, the mesquites) resemble each other and can easily be confused.


    Genus ACACIA  (Acacias)  (T)

     
  422. Acacia angustissima  ______  (NW:249)
    Prairie Acacia

    Acacia angustissima
    has been called Fern Acacia.

    Acacia angustissima
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Eurema mexianca, the Mexican Yellow, Hemiargus ceranus, the Ceraunus Blue, Hemiargus isola, the Reakirt's Blue, Hemiargus ceraunus, the Ceraunus Blue

  423. Acacia constricta ______  SD
    Whitethorn Acacia 
      

    Acacia constricta is a host plant for the butterflies: Eurema nice, the Mimosa Yellow, Hemiargus isola, the Reakirt's Blue.

  424. Acacia farnesiana  ______  CD  (native to high deserts in Arizona, Texas, and Mexico; introduced in California) 
    S: Huisache

  425. Acacia greggii   ______  CD  SD
    Catclaw Acacia   

    Acacia greggi 
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Leptotes marina, the Marine Blue.

  426. Acacia rigidula ______  CD
    Black Brush
    S: Chaparro Brieto


    Genus ASTRAGALUS

  427. Astragalus allochrous  (var. playanus)  ______  SD  (SW:142)  Flowers Mar-May. Green.
    Halfmoon Milk-vetch


  428. Astragalus amphioxys  ______  
    Crescent Milk-vetch

    The Crescent Milk-vetch occurs in sand or gravelly soil in deserts.

  429. Astragalus argillosus  ______
    Clay Locoweed

  430. Astragalus arizonicus  ______  SD  (SW:90)  Flowers Mar-May. Purple.
    Arizona Milk-vetch

  431. Astragalus coccineus  ______  SD  (NW:239) (SW:216)  Flowers Mar-May. Red.
    Scarlet Milk-vetch  

    Red flowers, a rare color in the genus, makes Astragalus coccineus favorable to hummingbirds.
    Other names for the plant are Scarlet Locoweed and Crimson Woolly Pod.

  432. Astragalus crotalariae  ______  SD  (SW:90)  Flowers Jan-Apr. Purple.
    Salton Milk-vetch  

  433. Astragalus insularis  ______
    Sand-flat Locoweed

  434. Astragalus layneae  ______  MD
    Layne Locoweed

  435. Astragalus lentiginosus  ______  SD  (NW:238)  (SW:182)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.    
    Freckled Milk-vetch

    The Freckled Milkvetch is the most widespread and variable species of Astragalus, with more than 20 recognized varieties. Another name for it is Maricopa Milkvetch.

    Astragalus lentiginosus
    occurs in deserts and on salt flats, but also higher on open slopes in mountains. It is a host plant for the butterfly: Colias alexandra, Queen Alexander's Sulphur.

  436. Astragalus mollissimus  ______
    Woolly Locoweed

  437. Astragalus praelongus  ______
    Stinky Milk-vetch

  438. Astragalus preussii  ______
    Desert Milk-vetch

  439. Astragalus purshii  ______  (NW:239)
    Pursh's Milk-vetch 
    (or Pursh's Locoweed)


    Genus CAESALPINIA

  440. Caesalpinia virgata  ______  SD  (SW:182)  Flowers Mar-May, sometimes Oct. Yellow.
    Wand Holdback


    Genus CALLIANDRA

  441. Calliandra eriophylla  ______ SD  (SW:91)  Flowers Feb-May, and again Aug-Sep after good rains. 
    Fairy Duster
    S: Mesquitilla


    Genus CASSIA  (
    see SENNA) 


    Genera CERCIDIUM, PARKINSONIA  (Palo Verdes)  (T)

  442. Parkinsonia aculeata  ______  SD 
    Mexican Palo Verde

  443. Cercidium floridum  ______  SD  (SW:183)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.       
    Blue Palo Verde  
    S: Palo Verde Azul

    "Palo Verde"
    is Spanish for "green tree'. Even when leafless, Cercidium species are conspicuously green in the brown desert, Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the bark rather than in the leaves, which conserve water through the reduction of surface area. 

  444. Cercidium microphyllum  ______  SD 
    Foothill Palo Verde 


    Other names for Cercidium microphyllum are Little-leaved Palo Verde and Yellow Palo Verde.    

  445. Cercidium texanum ______  CD
    Texas Palo Verde
    S: Retoma China


    Genus CERCIS

  446. Cercis occidentalis  (or Cercis canadensis orbiculata______
    Western Redbud

    Western Redbud
    is one of the handsomest shrubs in the foothills of the western US. It is commonly used as an ornamental, enjoyed for its masses of rose-pink flowers and its dense dark-green foliage that turns reddish in the fall. 
    Native Americans made baskets from the shredded bark, and extracts from the bark have been used medicinally.          


    Genus DALEA

  447. Dalea (formerly Petalostemon) candida  ______  (NW:243)
    White Prairie Clover

  448. Dalea albiflora  ______
    White Dalea

    Dalea albiflora is a host plant for the butterfly: Colias cesonia, the Southern Dogface.

  449. Dalea flavescens  ______  PD
    Navajo Prairie Clover

  450. Dalea formosa  ______
    Feather Peabus
    (or Feather Plume

  451. Dalea mollis  ______  SD(west)  (SW:92)  Flowers Jan-Apr. Pink-Purple. 
    Hairy Prairie Clover 

    Another name for Dalea mollis is Silk Dalea.

  452. Dalea mollissima  ______  SD(west)
    Soft Prairie Clover 

  453. Dalea neomexicana  ______  SD(east)  (SW:56)  Flowers Dec-Aug. White.
    Downy Prairie Clover

  454. Dalaea purpurea  ______  CD  (NW:243)
    Purple Prairie Clover


    Genus ERYTHRINA

  455. Erythrina flabelliformis  ______  SD  (NW:234) (SW:217)  Flowers Apr-May, sometimes Sep.
    Western Coral Bean 
    (or Indian Bean)
    S: Chilicote

    Erythrina flabelliformis
    is leafless and rather unattractive throughout the winter and into the early spring. It usually flowers on bare stems in early spring, and the leaves emerge in late spring.
    The bright seeds, often used in Mexican necklaces, are deadly poisonous.

    Plants in Erythrina are pollinated by the Lucifer Hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer. 


    Genus HOFFMANSEGGIA

  456. Hoffmanseggia glauca  ______  SD  (NW:249) (SW:183)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Yellow.
    Waxy Rush-pea

    Other names for Hoffmanseggia glauca are Hog Potato or Pig Nut..
    S: Camote de Raton  (means: "mouse's sweet potato")

  457. Hoffmanseggia repens  ______
    Creeping Rush-Pea


    Genus LOTUS

  458. Lotus greenei  ______  SD  (SW:184)  Flowers Mar-May, sometimes Aug. Yellow.
    Greene's Bird's-foot Trefoil


  459. Lotus rigidus  ______  SD  (SW:184)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Broom Bird's-foot Trefoil 

    Other names for Lotus rigidus are Shrubby Deer-vetch, Desert Rock Pea or Bush Trefoil.

  460. Lotus scoparius (var. brevialatus)  ______  SD  (SW:185)  Flowers Mar-Aug. Yellow.
    California Broom

  461. Lotus strigosus (var. tomentellus)  ______  SD  (SW:186)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.
    Desert Bird's-foot Trefoil

    Another name for Lotus strigosus is Desert Lotus.    


    Genus LUPINUS  (Bluebonnets)

  462. Lupinus argenteus  ______  (NW:235)
    Silvery Lupine

    Lupinus argenteus
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Strymon melinus, the Gray Hairstreak, Lycaeides melissa, the Melissa Blue, Glaucopsyche lygdamus, the Silvery Blue, and Vanessa cardui, the Painted Lady.  

  463. Lupinus arizonicus  ______  SD  (SW:92)  Flowers Jan-May. Magenta.
    Arizona Lupine

  464. Lupinus bicolor  ______  (NW:235)
    Miniature Lupine

    Lupinus bicolor
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Colias eurytheme, the Orange Sulphur, Everes comyntas, the Eastern Tailed-Blue. 

  465. Lupinus brevicaulis  ______
    Short-stem Lupine 

  466. Lupinus concinnus  ______  SD  (SW:93)  Flowers Mar-May. Purple.
    Bajada Lupine

    The Bajada Lupine occurs at sandy places below 5,000 feet elevation throughout the southwestern US and northwestern Mexico. 
    "Bajadas" are outwash fans, spreading from mountainsides downward. They are often sandy.    

  467. Lupinus havardii  ______  CD  (occurs only in the Big Bend region of west Texas)
    Chisos Bluebonnet 

  468. Lupinus hirsutissimus  ______  SD   (NW:236)
    Stinging Lupine

    In a genus of lovely wildflowers, the Stinging Lupine is an unpleasant exception. Its stiff yellow hairs sting like nettles.

  469. Lupinus pusillus  ______
    Dwarf Lupine 

  470. Lupinus sparsiflorus  ______  SD  (NW:235) (SW:121)  Flowers Jan-May. Blue. 
    Arroyo Lupine

    Other names for Lupinus sparsiflorus are Coulter's Lupine 
    and Mojave Lupine.

    In a year with ample fall and winter rains, the Arroyo Lupine carpets the floor of the southern Arizona desert, combining with Desert Marigold (Baileya multiradiata) for mile after mile of blue-violet, brick red, and brilliant yellow.    

    When traveling west along Interstate 8, near Gila Bend, one can notice a change from the blue of the Arroyo Lupine to the magenta of the Arizona Lupine, Lupinus arizonicus (above).   


    Genus MARINA

  471. Marina parryi  ______  SD  (SW:122)  Flowers Mar-Jun, and often Sep-Oct. Blue.
    Parry's False Prairie-Clover



    Genus MIMOSA

  472. Mimosa biuncifera  (ph)   ______  CD  SD
    Cat's-Claw Mimosa

  473. Mimosa dysocarpa  ______  SD  (SW:93)  Flowers May-Sep. Pink-Purple.
    Velvet-pod Mimosa
    S: Gatuno

    Mimosa dysocarpa
    occurs in dry, open areas from 3,300 to 6,500 feet above sea level, from southern Arizona to western Texas and in northern Mexico, including where the photograph below was taken in Sonora. 



    Velvet-pod Mimosa photographed during the FONT tour in Sonora, Mexico in August 2010 
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


    Genus OLNEYA
      
  474. Olneya tesota  _______  SD
    Ironwood 
    (or Desert Ironweed


    Genus PARKINSONIA   
     

  475. Parkinsonia aculeata  ______  SD
    Mexican Palo Verde 
    (or Jerusalem Thorn, Retama


    Genus PHASEOLUS

  476. Phaseolus filiformis  ______  SD  (SW:94)  Flowers mostly Jul-Sep, but all year.
    Slim-Jim
    Bean


    Genus PROSOPIS  (Mesquites)  (T)


    Plants of the PROSOPIS genus are host plants for the butterflies: Leptotes marina, the Marine Blue. Apodemia palmeri, the Palmer's Metalmark. 
     
  477. Prosopis glandulosa  (or Prosopis juliflora torreyana ______ CD,SD 
    Honey Mesquite    


    Prosopis glandulosa is a host plant for the butterfly: Hemiargus ceraunus, the Ceraunus Blue.

  478. Prosopis pubescens ______ CD
    Screwbean
    S: Tornillo

    Prosopis pubescens
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Hemiargus ceranus, the Ceraunus Blue.

  479. Prosopis velutina  (or Prosopis juliflora velutina ______  SD
    Velvet Mesquite


    Prosopis velutina
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Ministrymon leda, the Leda Ministreak.
     

    Genus PSOROTHAMNUS

  480. Psorothamnus arborescens  ______
    Mohave Indigobush

  481. Psorothamnus emoryi  ______  SD  (SW:94)  Flowers Mar-May. Pink-Purple.
    White Indigobush

    Another name for Psorothamnus emoryi is Emory's Smokebush. It is also known as the Dyebush.

    A very small parasitic plant (an endoparasitic herb), the Thurber's Stemsucker, Pilostyles thurberi, in the family APODANTHACEAE, can be found with Psorothamnus emoryi.  

  482. Psorothamnus fremontii  ______
    Fremont Indigobush

  483. Psorothamnus polydenius  ______
    Nevada Indigobush

  484. Psorothamnus schottii  ______  SD  (SW:122)  Flowers Mar-May. Blue.
    Mesa Indigobush

    Another name for Psorothamnus schottii is Schott's Smokebush. 

  485. Psorothamnus scoparius  ______
    Broom Indigobush

    Psorothamnus scoparius
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Hemiargus isola, the Reakirt's Blue. 

  486. Psorothamnus spinosus  ______  SD  (SW:123)  Flowers Apr-Jun. Blue.
    Smoke Tree
    S: Palo Cenizo

    From a distance, a Smoke Tree looks gray and fluffy, like a puff of smoke.


    Genus SENNA 
    (or CASSIA)

  487. Senna armata  ______  SD  (SW:186)  Flowers Feb-May, sometimes Oct-Nov. Yellow.
    Spiny Senna

  488. Senna bauhinioides  ______  (NW:248)
    Two-leaf Senna 
     

    Another name for Senna bauhinioides is "Twinleaf".

  489. Senna covesii  ______  SD  (SW:187)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Yellow.
    Desert Senna 
    (also called Coue's Senna)
    S; Daisillo Hojasen

    Senna covesii is a host plant for the butterflies: Phoebis sennae, the Cloudless Sulphur, Eurema nicippe, the Sleepy Orange.
     
  490. Senna durangensis  ______
    Two-leaved Senna

  491. Senna hirsuta  (var. glaberimma)  ______  SD  (SW:188)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Yellow.
    Slim-pod Senna

  492. Senna lindheimeriana  ______  (NW:248)
    Lindheimer's Senna

    Another name for Senna lindheimeriana has been the Chihuahua Senna. 

    Senna lindheimeriana
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Phoebis sennae, the Cloudless Sulphur, Eurema nicippe, the Sleepy Orange.
      
  493. Senna roemeriana  ______
    Texas Senna


    Family FONQUIERIACEAE  (Ocotillos)  (S)


    Genus FOUQUIERIA 
     

  494. Fouquieria columnaris  (or Idria columnaris)  ______  SD   
    Boojum 

    Fouquieria columnaris
    grows up to 60 feet tall. It is endemic to central Baja California. Mexico.

  495. Fouquieria splendens  (ph) (*)  ______  CD  SD  (SW:217)  Flowers Mar-Jun, sometimes Oct-Nov. Red.       
    Ocotillo (or Coachwhip because it looks like many buggywhips stuck into the ground)

    Fouquieria splendens
    is the most widespread species in its family. 
    It is a nectar source for the Costa's Hummingtbird, Calypte costae.



    Above: a "forest" of Ocotillo, photographed during a FONT tour in the Sonoran Desert,
    obviously when not in bloom 
    (photo by Doris Potter)

    When Ocotillos are in full bloom, they have brilliant red flowers on the top of each stalk. 

    Below: at Ocotillo in bloom, an Anna's Hummingbird  (photo by Dwight Molotsky)





    Family FUMARIACEAE  (Fumitory Family)


    Genus CORYDALIS

  496. Corydalis aurea  ______  SD  (SW:188)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Yellow.
    Scrambled Eggs 


    Family GENTIANACEAE  (Gentians)


    Genus CENTAURIUM

  497. Centaurium calycosum  ______
    Centaury
    S: Rosita

    The brilliant pink corolla of Centaurium calycosum resembles that in the PHLOX species.


    Family GERANIACEAE


    Genus ERODIUM

  498. Erodium cicutarium  ______  SD  (SW:93)  Flowers Feb-Apr, to Jul at higher and more-northerly places.
    Filaree
    S: Alfilerillo

    Another name for Erodium cicutarium is Redstem Stork's-bill. It is not native to North America, being from Europe. But in the southwest US, where there is spring moisture, it can be very common.  

  499. Erodium texanum  ______  SD  (SW:96)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Purple.
    Desert Stork's-bill 

    Other names for Erodium texanum are Heron's Bill, and Texas Storksbill. The plant is dependent on winter rains for good germination and growth.
    In the Sonoran Desert, it is less common in the west than in the east.


    Family HYDROPHYLLACEAE  (Waterleaves)


    Genus EMMENANTHE

  500. Emmenanthe penduliflora  ______  MD  SD  (NW:267) (SW:189)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.  
    Whispering Bells

    The dried-up corolla of Emmenanthe penduliflora remains on the plant as a tissue-paper-like bell that rustles in gentle breezes.

    Emmenanthe penduliflora occurs in foothills.



    Genus EUCRYPTA

  501. Eucrypta micrantha  ______  SD  (SW:96)  Flowers Feb-May. Purple.
    Dainty Desert Hideseed

    Eucrypta micrantha
    is common after winters with sufficient rain, but it is inconspicuous.


    Genus HESPEROCHIRON

  502. Hesperochiron pumilus  ______  (NW:269)
    Dwarf Hesperochiron


    Genus NAMA

  503. Nama aretioides  ______  (NW:266)  
    Ground Nama

    Other names for Nama aretiodes are Great Basin Nama and Purple Fiddleleaf.

  504. Nama demissum  ______  SD  (NW:266) (SW:97)  Flowers Feb-May. Purple.
    Purple Mat
    S: Morada

    Another name for Nama demissum has been Desert Mat.

  505. Nama havardii  ______
    Havard Nama

  506. Nama hispidum  ______  SD  (SW:98)  Flowers Feb-Jun, sometimes Oct.
    Sandbells
    S: Morada


    Genus  NEMOPHILA

  507. Nemophila menziesii  ______  (NW:268)
    Baby Blue-eyes


    Genus PHACELIA 
    (a large, mostly western American, genus distinguished by bluish or purplish flowers in coils, usually with protruding stamens)   

  508. Phacelia calthifolia  ______
    Caltha-leaved Phacelia

  509. Phacelia campanularia  ______  SD  (NW:264) (SW:124)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Blue.
    Desert Bell


    In a spring following a wet winter, thousands of Desert Bells bloom, forming masses of deep rich blue.

    Another name for Phacelia campanularia is Bluebell Phacelia. 

  510. Phacelia crenulata  (var. ambigua)  ______  SD  (SW:99)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Purple.    
    Notch-leaved Scorpion-weed

    Another name for Phacelia crenulata is Notch-leaved Phacelia. 

  511. Phacelia distans  ______  SD  (NW:264) (SW:124)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Blue.
    Blue-eyed Scorpion Weed

    Other names for Phacelia distans are Lace-leaved Phacelia or Wild Heliotrope.

  512. Phacelia fremontii  ______  (NW:265)
    Fremont's Phacelia 

  513. Phacelia integrifolia  ______   
    Scalloped Phacelia

    Phacelia integrifolia occurs in rocky and sandy places in deserts and among pinyons and junipers.

  514. Phacelia minor  ______   
    California Bell

    Phacelia minor
    occurs in southern California and northern Baja California.

  515. Phacelia pedicellata  ______  SD  (SW:99)  Flowers Mar-May. Purple.
    Pinstalk Scorpionweed

  516. Phacelia robusta  ______
    Robust Phacelia

  517. Phacelia rotundifolia  ______
    Round-leaved Phacelia

  518. Phacelia tanacetifolia  ______
    Tansy-leaved Phacelia  


    Genus PHOLISTOMA

  519. Pholistoma auritum  (var. arizonicum)  ______  SD  (SW:125)  Flowers Feb-Apr, Blue
    Arizona Fiesta Flower


    Family KRAMERACEAE  (Ratanies) 

    KRAMERIA is the only genus in this small family of 15 species.


    Genus KRAMERIA  

  520. Krameria grayi  ______  CD  MD  SD
    White Ratany

  521. Krameria erecta  ______   SD  (SW:100)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Pink-Purple. 
    Pima Ratany   

    Other names for Krameria erecta are Range Ratany and Purple Heather.


    Family LAMIACEAE  (Mints)


    Genus HYPTIS 

  522. Hyptis emoryi  ______  (NW:278)
    Desert Lavender

    The Desert Lavender is generally an insect-pollinated plant, but it is also a nectar source for the Costa's Hummingbird, Calypte costae.   


    Genus MONARDELLA

  523. Monardella macrantha  ______  
    Red Monardella

    Monardella macrantha
    occurs in southern California and Baja California. Monardella species are also called Mountain-balm.


    Genus POLIOMINTHA

  524. Poliomintha incana  ______  CD  MD  PD  (NW:290)  
    Hoary Rosemary-mat

    Other names for Poliomintha incana are Purple-sage and Bush Mint.

    Poliomintha incana
    is common in the Painted Desert. There are isolated populations in the Chihuahua and Mohave Deserts.  


    Genus SALAZARIA

  525. Salazaria mexicana  ______  GD  SD  (NW:288) (SW:126)  Flowers Mar-Jun, often again Oct.  
    Mexican Bladder-sage

    Salazaria mexicana
    occurs in deserts, commonly in washes.


    Genus SALVIA

  526. Salvia carduacea  ______  SD  (NW:288)  
    Thistle Sage

    Salvia carduacea occurs in southern California and Baja California.

  527. Salvia columbariae  ______  SD  (NW:288)  (SW:126)  Flowers Mar-May.  Blue.
    California Sage,
    or Chia  (also a common name for several SALVIA species)

    From the Chia, Native Americans made pinole, a meal ground from parched seeds. The seeds were also steeped in water to produce a thick sticky drink.

  528. Salvia dorrii  ______  GD  (NW:288)
    Purple Sage 
    (or Gray-ball Sage. or Desert Sage)

    It is Gray-ball, or Desert, Sage, not sagebrush, that is referred to in Zane Grey's classic western "Riders of the Purple Sage". It is a handsome plant, attractive in leaf as well as in flower.

  529. Salvia funerea  ______  SD  (in hills & mountains around Death Valley, California & in adjacent Nevada)
    Death Valley Sage

  530. Salvia greggi  ______  CD  
    Autumn Sage

    The bright, vibrant, nearly red flowers of the Autumn Sage make it a favorite in the Big Bend region in western Texas. 
    The species is also popular in the Southwest US in cultivation, as its nectar-laden flowers attract hummingbirds into yards to feed.  


  531. Salvia henryi  ______
    Crimson Sage 

  532. Salvia lemmonii  ______
    Lemmon's Sage


    Genus STACHYS

  533. Stachys coccinea  ______  SD  (SW:218)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Red.
    Scarlet Hedge Nettle
     

    Another name for Stachys coccinea is Texas Betony.

    Scarlet Hedge Nettle
    does well in cultivation, blooming throughout the summer, and attracting hummingbirds. 


    Genus TRICHOSTEMA

  534. Trichostema arizonicum  ______  SD  (SW:127)  Flowers Jul-Oct. Blue.
    Arizona Blue-curls 


    Family LENNOACEAE  (Lennoas)


    Genus PHOLISMA

  535. Pholisma arenarium  ______  SD  (NW:295) (SW:101)  Flowers Apr-Jul, sometimes Oct. Purple.
    Scaly-stem Sand-plant

    Other names for Pholisma arenarium are Desert Christmas-tree or Purple Pop-ups.

  536. Pholisma sonorae  ______  (NW:295)
    Sand-food

    Pholisma sonorae
    is mushroom-shaped, or mound-shaped if the stalk is buried in sand.


    Family LILIACEAE  (Lilies)   (Agaves, Nolinas, and Yuccas have been included in this family.)


    Genus ALLIUM

  537. Allium macropetalum  ______
    Desert Wild Onion


    Genus
    ANDROSTEPHIUM

  538. Androstephium breviflorum  ______
    Small-flowered Hyacinth 



    Genus CALOCHORTUS 

  539. Calochortus ambiguus  ______  SD  (SW:57)  Apr in Sonoran Desert, as late as Aug at higher elevations to the north. White. 
    Arizona Mariposa Lily

  540. Calochortus gunnisonii  (ph)  ______   
    Gunnison's Mariposa Lily  

    The Gunnison's Mariposa Lily is one of the more widespread of the 70 or so species of Calochortus lilies.
    It occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and further north in Wyoming, Nebraska, South Dakota, Montana, and Idaho.
    The flower in the photo below was photographed in Colorado.



    Gunnison's Mariposa Lily
    (photo by Sally Brady)
     

  541. Calochortus kennedyi  ______  SD  (SW:219)  Flowers Mar-May. Red.
    Desert Mariposa Lily

    Calochortus kennedyi
    occurs in open or brushy areas from Creosote Bush deserts to places with pinyons and junipers.


    Genus DICHELOSTEMMA
    (or BRODIAEA) 

  542. Dichelostemma capitatum  ______  SD  (SW:102)  Flowers Feb-May. Purple.
    Desert Hyacinth
    S: Coveria

  543. Dichelostemma pauciflorum  ______ 
    Few-flowered Hyacinth


    Genus EREMOCRINUM

  544. Eremocrinum albomarginatum  ______   
    Sand Lily 
    (or Lonely Lily)

    Eremocrinum albomarginatum
    is found in sandy soil. This plant occurs in some of the most sparsely populated parts of North America.


    Genus HESPEROCALLIS  (this genus name means "western beauty")   
     
  545. Hesperocallis undulata  ______  SD  (SW:58)  Feb-May. White.
    Desert Lily 
    (or Ajo Lily)

    The Desert Lily resembles a small commercial Easter Lily, and grows in harsh arid environments in the Southwest US. 
    These plants are conspicuous and easily seen as one drives along roads in the desert. the bulbs were once used by native Americans for food.
    The Desert Lily is the only member in its genus.



    Family LINACEAE  (Flaxes)


    Genus LINUM

  546. Linum aristatum  ______
    Broom Flax

  547. Linum pratense  ______  SD  (SW:128)  Flowers Feb-Mar. Blue
    Meadow Flax

  548. Linum perenne  ______
    Blue Flax

  549. Linum puberulum  ______
    Orange Flax

  550. Linum vernale  ______  CD  (in rocky, limestone soil in deserts)
    Chihuahua Flax  

    The Chihuahua Flax is a common species in parts of the Chihuahuan Desert. Only the very bases of the petals are joined, and when the corolla falls from the flower, breezes blow it across the ground like a fragile saucer.
    This species is one of a number of western yellow-flowered species, most slender and wiry, and many without maroon centers in the flowers.



    Family LOASACEAE  (Stickleaves)


    Genus CEVALLIA

  551. Cevallia sinuata  ______  
    Cevallia


    Genus EUCNIDE

  552. Eucnide urens  ______  MD  SD  (SW:190)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Yellow.
    Desert Rock Nettle

    Another name for Eucnide urens is Desert Stingbush. 


    Genus MENTZELIA

  553. Mentzelia albicaulis  ______
    White-stemmed Blazing Star

  554. Mentzelia desertorum  ______
    Desert Blazing Star

  555. Mentzelia involucrata  ______  SD  (SW:190)  Flowers Jan-May. Yellow.
    Sand Blazing Star  


    Other names for Mentzelia involucata are Silver Blazing-Star and White-bracted Stickleaf

  556. Mentzelia jonesii  ______  SD  (SW:191)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Jones' Blazing Star

  557. Mentzelia multiflora  ______  SD  (SW:192)  Flowers Feb-Oct. Yellow.
    Adonis Blazing-Star   


  558. Mentzelia nitens   ______  (sometimes included in Mentzelia albicaulis)
    Venus Blazing Star

  559. Mentzelia tricuspis  ______  SD
    Spiny-hair Blazing Star 

    The Spiny-hair Blazing Star occurs in southeastern California and western Arizona.  

  560. Mentzelia veatchiana  ______
    Small-flowered Blazing Star


    Genus PETALONYX

  561. Petalonyx thurberi  ______
    Sandpaper Plant


    Family KOEBERLINIACEAE


    Genus KOEBERLINIA

  562. Koeberlinia spinosa  ______  CD  SD
    Allthorn


    Family MALPIGHIA


    Genus JANUSIA

  563. Janusia gracilis  ______  SD  (SW:192)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Yellow.
    Slender Janusia
    S: Fermina

    Another name for Janusia gracilis is Desert Vine. It may be so entangled in shrubs that it is nearly impossible to extricate. 
    Desert Tortoises feed on the plant.    



    A Desert Tortoise photographed during a FONT tour in southern Arizona
    (photo by Marie Gardner)


    Family MALVACEAE  (Mallows)  (W)


    Genus ABUTILON

  564. Abutilon malacum  ______  SD  (SW:193)  Flowers Aug-Oct. Yellow. 
    Yellow Indian-Mallow


    Genus
    ERIMALCHE

    "Erimalche"
    means "lonely mallow", referring to the desert habitat.

  565. Erimalche rotundifolia  ______  MD  SD  (SW:102)  Flowers Mar-May. Deep Pink.  
    Desert Five Spot


    Genus GOSSYPIUM

  566. Gossypium thurberi  ______  SD  (SW:59)  Flowers Aug-Oct. White.
    Thurber's Cotton
    S: Algodoncillo
     

    Genus HERISSANTIA

  567. Herissantia crispa  ______  SD  (SW:193)  Flowers Feb-Oct. Yellow.
    Curly Bladder Mallow


    Genus HIBISCUS  (Rose Mallows)  

     
  568. Hibiscus coulteri  ______  SD  (SW:194)  Flowers mostly Jul-Sep, but also other times. Yellow.
    Desert Rose Mallow

  569. Hibiscus denudatus  ______  SD  (SW:103)  Flowers Jan-Oct. Deep Pink.
    Rock Hibiscus

    Other names for Hibiscus denudatus are Rock Rose Mallow and Pale Face

  570. Hibiscus trionum  ______  (not-native to the US Southwest, from central Africa)
    Flower-of-an-hour   


    Genus HORSFORDIA 

  571. Horsfordia alata  ______  SD  (SW:103)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Pink.
    Pink Velvet Mallow 


    Genus MALVELLA

  572. Malvella leprosa  ______  SD  (SW:59)  Flowers Mar-Oct. White.
    Alkali Mallow

    Another name for Malvella leprosa is Dollarweed. That name notwithstanding, the plant is considered a troublesome weed.  


    Genus SIDA

  573. Sida abutifolia  ______  SD  (SW:195)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Yellow.
    Spreading Fanpetals
    S: Buen Dia   


    Genus SPHAERALCEA  
    Approximately 60 species of SPHAERALCEA globemallows are common on ranges in the western US. As a genus, they are easy to identify with their five commonly bright orange-red petals. But identification of particular species can be another matter. 
     
  574. Sphaeralcea ambigua  ______  SD  (SW:219)  Flowers Mostly Mar-Apr, but much of the year.
    Apricot Globemallow 
    (or Desert Globemallow)

    Sphaeralcea ambigua
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Vanessa cardui, the Painted Lady. 

  575. Sphaeralcea coccinea  (ph)  ______  GD
    Caliche Globemallow 
    (or Scarlet Globemallow)



    Caliche Globemallow (or Scarlet Globemallow)
    (photo by Doris Potter)

  576. Sphaeraicea coulteri  ______  SD  (SW:220)  Flowers Jan-May. Red.
    Coulter's Globemallow

    The Coulter's Globemallow is the only Sphaeraicea that is unquestionably an annual. It occurs on sandy desert flats. 

  577. Sphaeraicea leptophylla  ______
    Scaly Globemallow

  578. Sphaeraicea polychroma  ______
    Polychrome Globemallow


    Family MARTYNIACEAE  (Unicorn Plants)

    MARTYNIACEAE has been merged into PEDALIACEAE, the Seseme Family.


    Genus PROBOSCIDEA 
    (There are several species in the Southwest US, some with pink or magenta colored flowers) 

  579. Proboscidea althaeifolia  (or altheaiefolia  ______  CD  SD  (SW:200)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Yellow.
    Desert Unicorn Plant 
     
    S: Una de Gato

    Other names for Proboscidea althaeifolia are "Yellow Devil's Claw" and "Elephant Tusks".  

    As the plump fruit matures, it divides into halves, and its outer, fleshy layer peels off, revealing the hard inner portion of the fruit, the single horn of which splits into two "devil's claws". 

  580. Proboscidea louisianica  ______  (NOT common west of Texas)
    Common Unicorn Plant

  581. Proboscidea parviflora  ______  SD  (SW:109)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Pink-Purple.
    Devil's Claw 

    S: Aguaro, or Cuernero 

    Other names for Proboscidea parviflora are Double Claw, and Unicorn Plant.


    Family NYCTAGINACEAE  (Four O'Clocks)  (W)


    Genus ABRONIA

  582. Abronia angustifolia  ______  SD(east)  Flowers vibrant pink. 
    Narrow-leaf Sand Verbena


  583. Abronia carnea  ______
    Winged Sand Verbena

  584. Abronia elliptica  ______
    Snowball 
    (or Sweet Sand Verbena)

  585. Abronia fragrans  ______
    Fragrant Sand Verbena 
    (or "Heart's Delight")

  586. Abronia villosa  ______  SD  (SW:104)  Flowers Feb-May. Purple.
    Sticky Sand Verbena 
    (or Desert Sand Verbena)


    Genus ACLEISANTHES

  587. Acleisanthes longiflora  ______  
    Angel Trumpets

    Angel Trumpets
    occur in dry rocky soil, sand, deserts.


    Genus ALLIONIA

  588. Allionia incarnata  (var. villosa)  ______  CD  SD  (SW:105)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Purple.
    Trailing Four O'Clock
    S: Hierba de la Hormiga 
     

    Other names for Allionia incarnata are Trailing Windmills, Trailing Allionia, Umbrella-wort.

    Allionia incarnata (var. incarnata) often grows in the same area as Allionia incarnata (var. villosa).
    Allionia incarnata (var. incarnata) has smaller flower clusters.   


    Genus ANULOCAULIS

  589. Anulocaulis leiosolenus  ______
    Southwestern Ringstem


    Genus BOERBARVIA

  590. Boerbarvia coccinea  ______  SD  (SW:106)  Flowers Apr-Nov. Purplish.
    Scarlet Spiderling


    Genus MIRIBILIS

  591. Miribilis bigelovii  ______
    Wishbone Four o'Clock

  592. Miribilis coccinea  ______
    Red Four o'Clock

  593. Miribilis froebelii  ______  
    Desert Four o'Clock

    Miribilis froebelii
    occurs in desert scrub, dry grasslands, and pinyon woods.

  594. Miribilis laevis  (var. villosa)  ______  SD  (SW:60)  Flowers Mar-Oct. White.
    Desert Wishbone-bush

    Miribilis laevis  (var. retrorsa)  ______
    Nevada Wishbone-bush

    Flowers of Miribilis laevis open in the evening, close in the morning, each lasting only 1 night.   

  595. Miribilis longiflora  ______
    Sweet Four o'Clock
    S: Maravilla  (
    meaning "marvelous", which the flowers certainly are)
    meaning "marvelous", which the flowers certainly are)

  596. Miribilis melanotricha  ______
    Mountain Four o'Clock

  597. Miribilis mulitflora  ______  SD  (SW:106)  Flowers Apr-Sep.  Pink-Purple.
    Showy Four o'Clock
    S: Maravilla  (meaning "marvelous" as also noted above for Miribilis longiflora)

    Other names for Miribilis multiflora are Large Four o'Clock, Colorado Four o'Clock, Desert Four o'Clock.
     

    Genus NYCTAGINIA

  598. Nyctaginia capitata  ______
    Scarlet Muskflower 


    Family OLEACEAE  (Olives)


    Genus MENODORA

  599. Menodora scabra  ______  CD  MD  SD  (SW:195)  Flowers Mar-Sep. Yellow.
    Rough Menodora


    Other names for Menodora scabra include Broom Menodora and Twinberry. 

    \
  600. Menodora spinescens  ______
    Ground-Thorn


    Family ONAGRACEAE  (Evening Primroses)


    Genus CALYLOPHUS  

  601. Calylophus hartwegii  ______  CD
    Calylophus


    Genus CAMISSONIA

  602. Camissonia brevipes  ______  SD  (SW:196)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Golden Suncup


    Other names for Camissonia brevipes are Desert Primrose, or simply Suncup. 

  603. Camissonia boothii  ______
    Booth Evening Primrose

  604. Camissonia californica  ______  SD  (SW:196)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.
    California Suncup

  605. Camissonia cardiophylla  ______  SD  (SW:197)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Heartleaf Suncup

  606. Camissonia claviformis  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:60)  Flowers Feb-Apr, sometimes also Oct-Nov. White.
    Club-fruited Evening Primrose

  607. Camissonia eastwoodiae  ______  PD  (often grows with Mat Saltbush)
    Painted Desert Evening Primrose

  608. Camissonia graciliflora  ______  GD  MD  (on upper slopes of hills)
    Hill Suncap

  609. Camissonia refracta  ______  MD(mostly northern)  SD  (SW61)  Flowers Mar-May. White.
    Narrow-leaved Evening Primrose

    Another name for Camissonia refracta is Narrowleaf Suncup.

  610. Camissonia strigulosa (dentata)  ______  MD  SD
    Tooth-leaved Evening Primrose   


    Genus EPILOBIUM

  611. Epilobium canum (was Zauschneria canum)  ______  SD  (SW:221)  Flowers Jun-Dec. Red.
    Hummingbird's Trumpet


    Another name for Epilobium canum is California Fire Chalice. It is also called California Fuchsia because its flowers resemble Fuchsia, a popular ornamental in the same family. 


    Genus GAURA

  612. Gaura coccinea  ______
    Scarlet Gaura

  613. Gaura lindheimeri  ______  CD
    Prairie Gaura


    Genus OENOTHERA  
    Recent studies have shown that many of the species in the once-larger OENOTHERA genus are better placed in smaller closely-related genera. Thus, some are now in CAMISSONIA. Those plants with four style branches forming a cross remain in OENOTHERA.)

    Flowers of most OENOTHERA species are fragrant and open in the late afternoon, remaining open through the night. Nocturnal HAWKMOTHS are attracted by the sweet fragrance and hover over the flowers while probing for the abundant nectar concealed at the base of the long floral tube. Only the HAWKMOTHS with their long proboscis can reach the nectar.         

  614. Oenothera albicaulis  ______  CD  PD
    White-stemmed Evening Primrose 

  615. Oenothera caespitosa  ______
    Fragrant Evening Primrose

  616. Oenothera californica  ______  MD(mostly)  SD  (SW:61)  Flowers Feb-May. White.
    California Evening Primrose 

  617. Oenothera deltoides  ______  MD  SD  (SW:62)  Flowers Feb-Jun. White.
    Dune Evening Primrose 

    Other names for Oenothera deltoides are Basket Evening Primrose, Birdcage Evening Primrose, Devil's Lantern, "Lion-in-a-Cage"
    It occurs in sandy deserts.


  618. Oenothera pallida  ______  GD
    Pale Evening Primrose 

  619. Oenothera primiveris  ______  SD  (SW:198)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Yellow Desert Evening Primrose

    Another name for Oenothera primiveris is Early Evening Primrose.


    Family OROBANCHACEAE  (Broomrapes)


    Genus CASTILLEJA  (Paintbrushes)  
    this genus was in the family SCROPHULARIACEAE

    Most Paintbrushes are partial parasites on other plants, their roots connecting with roots of other species. For this reason, they usually cannot be transplanted and are difficult to grow from seeds.
    Most Paintbrushes are bright red, but a few are yellow.  

    Plants in Castilleja are pollinated by the Lucifer Hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer.

  620. Castilleja angustifolia (by some combined with Castilleja chromosa)    ______  GD
    Narrow-leaf Paintbrush  

    Castilleja angustifolia
    is found in dry, open soil, often in sagebrush.

  621. Castilleja chromosa  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD(north)  (SW:224)  Flowers Mar-Apr, at higher places until Aug. Red. 
    Desert Paintbrush

    The Desert Paintbrush occurs in rocky areas, up to 8,000 feet above sea level in the western US. 

    Castilleja chromosa
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Euphydryas chalcedrona, the Variable Checkerspot.  

  622. Castilleja exserta  (was Orthocarpus purpurascens)  ______  SD  (NW:539) (SW:114)  Flowers Mar-May. Purple. 
    Purple Owl's-clover 
    (or Common Owl-clover)
    S: Escobita  (
    means "little broom", describing the flower cluster)

    Castilleja exserta is found in fields, deserts, and open wooded areas.

    The coloration of the lower corolla lobes of Castilleja exserta varies. Some races may ahve white tips, others purple. Occasionally plants have white bracts.  

  623. Castilleja lanata  ______  SD  (SW:225)  Flowers Nov-Mar, and at higher elevations in the summer and early fall. Red. 
    Woolly Indian Paintbrush

    Another name for Castilleja lanata is White-felted Paintbrush. 

    Castilleja lanata
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Euphydryas chalcedrona, the Variable Checkerspot, Chlosyne  theona, the Theona Checkerspot, Chlosyne fulvia, the Fulvia Checkerspot, Chlosyne leanira, the Leanira Checkerspot. 

  624. Castilleja sessiliflora  ______  (NW:537)
    Great Plains Paintbrush

    Another name for Castilleja sessiliflora is Downy Indian-paintbrush.



    Genus OROBANCHE


  625. Orobanche cooperi latiloba  ______  SD  (SW:107)  Flowers Jan-May. Purple.
    Desert Broomrape
    S: Flor de Tierra

    Another name for Orobanche cooperi is Cooper's Spike Broomrape.


    Family PAPAVERACEAE  (Poppies)  (W)


    Genus ARCTOMECON 

  626. Arctomecon merriamii  ______ 
    Great Desert Poppy 
    (or Great Bear Poppy, White Bear Poppy)

    Arctomecon merriamii has 6 white petals, and many yellow stamens.  

  627. Arctomecon humilis  ______  
    Little Desert Poppy 

    Arctomecon merriamii
    has 4 white petals. it occurs in southwest Utah & northwest Arizona.

  628. Arctomecon californica  ______ 
    Yellow Desert Poppy

    Arctomecon californica
    has 6 yellow petals. It occurs in southern Nevada & northwest Arizona.


    Genus ARGEMONE    

  629. Argemone albiflora  (ph)  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:63)  Flowers mostly Jul-Sep, but much of the year. White.
    White Prickly Poppy 
    S: Chiclote



    White Prickly Poppy photographed during a FONT tour in Arizona in August 2010
    (photo by Marie Gardner)

  630. Argemone polyanthemos  ______  
    Prickly Poppy

  631. Argemone sanguinea  ______  Flowers Feb-Apr.
    Red Prickly Poppy

  632. Argemone squarrosa  ______  CD
    Rough Prickly Poppy


    Genus ESCHSCHOLZIA

  633. Eschscholzia californica  ______  
    California Gold Poppy

    Eschscholzia californica mexicana  (ph)  ______  SD  (SW:198) 
    Flowers Jan-May. Yellow. 
    Mexican Gold Poppy
    S: Amapola del Campo  (means "poppy of the countryside")

    Generally said to be a subspecies of the California Gold Poppy, the Mexican Gold Poppy is sometimes considered a desert-inhabiting species. The two are exceedingly similar.
    When there are ample winter rains in the desert, the Mexican Gold Poppy grows in profusion, covering gravelly outwash fans and arid flats with a golden carpet.



    Mexican Gold Poppy, photographed during a FONT tour in southern Arizona
    (photo by Risë Hill)


  634. Eschscholzia glyptosperma  ______  SD  (SW:199)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Desert Golden-poppy

  635. Eschscholzia minutiflora  ______  SD  (SW:199)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Pygmy Golden-poppy
    (or Little Golden-poppy)   

  636. Eschscholzia parishii  ______
    Parish Poppy


    Genus PLATYSTEMON 
    (only 1 species) 

  637. Platystemon californicus  ______  GD  MD  SD  (SW:63)  Flowers: Mar-May. White.
    Creamcups

    Platystemon californicus
    occurs in fine, gravelly soils of desert mountains.


    Family PASSIFLORACEAE


    Genus PASSIFLORA

    Some members of the PASSIFLORA genus are host plants for the butterfly: Agraulis vanillae, the Gulf Fritillary.

  638. Passiflora foetida  ______  SD  (SW:108)  Flowers Aug-Sep. Pink-Purple.
    Scarlet-fruit Passionflower
    S: Corona de Cristo 

    The spectacular flowers of Passiflora foetida open before dawn and close early in the morning.

  639. Passiflora mexicana  ______  SD  (SW:143)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Green, red, yellow.
    Mexican Passionflower

    The Mexican Passionflower may festoon trees, and when in flower they may fill the air with the delicate scent of mothballs.

  640. Passiflora tenuiloba  ______   
    Green Passionflower

    The Green Passionflower is a vine that climbs over shrubs and grasses on hillsides. Its stems reach 7 feet in length.


    Family PLANTAGINACEAE  (Plantains)


    Genus PLANTAGO

  641. Plantago ovata  ______  
    Blond Plantain

    Plantago ovata is common at lower elevations in deserts than Plantago patagonica (below). 

  642. Plantago patagonica (purshii)  ______  SD  (SW:144)  Flowers Feb-May. Green.
    Woolly Plantain

    Other names for Plantago patagonica are Pursh Plantain and Woolly Indianwheat. 


    Family POLEMONIACEAE  (Phloxes)


    Genus ALICIELLA

  643. Aliciella latifolia  (was Gilia latifolia)  ______  SD  (SW:110)  Flowers Mar-May. Pink.
    Broad-leaved Gilia
      

    Genus ERIASTRUM

  644. Eriastrum diffusum  ______  SD  (SW:128)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Blue.
    Miniature Woolstar

    Another name for Eriastrum diffusum is Diffuse Eriastrum.

  645. Eriastrum eremicum  ______  SD  (SW:129)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Blue.
    Desert Woolstar

    Another name for Eriastrum eremicum is Desert Eriastrum.

  646. Eriastrum pluriflorum  ______
    Many-flowered Woolstar


    Genus GILIA

  647. Gilia brecciarum  ______
    Great Basin Gilia

  648. Gilia cana  ______
    Mohave Gilia

  649. Gilia flavocincta flavocinta  ______  SD  (SW:111)  Flowers Feb-May. Purple.
    Arizona Yellow-throat Gilia    

  650. Gilia gunnisonii  ______
    Gunnison Gilia

  651. Gilia latiflora  ______
    Broad-flowered Gilia

  652. Gilia scopulorum  ______  SD  (SW:111)  Flowers Mar-Apr. Purple.
    Rock Gilia

  653. Gilia subnuda  ______
    Carmine Gilia 


    Genus IPOMOPSIS 
    (or GILIA)

  654. Ipomopsis longiflora  (ph)  ______  GD  SD  Flowers Mar-Oct. 
    Ipomopsis longiflora australis  ______  SD  (SW:129)
    Ipomopsis longiflora longiflora  ______  GD 
    northern and eastern subspecies with capsule much longer than calyx
    Pale Trumpets 

    Other names for Ipomopsis longiflora are Paleflower Skyrocket and Long-flowered Gilia.




    Pale Trumpets
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    Genus LANGLOISIA

  655. Langloisia punctata  ______  MD
    Lilac Sunbonnet

  656. Langloisia setoissima setoissima  ______  SD  (SW:112)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Purple.
    Bristly Calico

    Other names for Langloisia setoissima are Spotted Langloisia, Lilac Sunbonnet, or Bristly Gilia.


    Genus LEPTODACTYLON 

  657. Leptodactylon californicum  ______  (in southern California)
    Prickly Phlox


    Genus LINANTHUS

  658. Linanthus aurens  ______  CD  GD  MD  SD  (SW:201)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Yellow.  
    Golden Desert Trumpets

    Other names for Linanthus aurens are Desert Gold and Golden GiliaIt occurs on desert floors and sandy slopes. It may be so common as to color broad swatches of ground a brilliant yellow.

    The subspecies Linanthus aurens decorus is found in the same area as Linnanthis auren aurens, but usually not mixed with it. Decorus has white or cream corollas with the tube maroon in the upper part.  

  659. Linanthus demissus  ______  SD  (SW:64)  Flowers Mar-May. White.
    Desert Snow

    Another name for Linanthus demissus has been Humble Gilia.


    Genus LOESELIASTRUM 
    (or LANGLOISIA)

  660. Loeseliastrum matthewsii  ______  MD  SD  (SW:112)  Flowers Apr-Jun. Purple. 
    Desert Calico

  661. Loeseliastrum schottii  ______  SD  (SW:64)  Flowers Mar-May. White.
    Schott's Calico

    Another name for Loeseliastrum schottii has been Schott's Gilia.


    Genus PHLOX

  662. Phlox longifolia  ______
    Long-leaved Phlox

  663. Phlox nana  ______
    Dwarf Phlox

  664. Phlox tennifolia  ______  SD  (SW:65)  Flowers Mar-Apr, sometimes also Oct. White. 
    Santa Catalina Mountain Phlox

    Another name for Phlox tennifolia is Slender-leaved Phlox.


    Family POLYGALACEAE  (Milkworts)


    Genus POLYGALA

  665. Polygala alba  ______
    White Milkwort 

  666. Polygala macradenia  ______  CD  SD  (SW:113)  Flowers Apr-Jul, sometimes again in Sep. Purple.     
    Gland-leaf Milkwort

    Another name for Polygala macradenia is Gland-spotted Milkwort. It occurs on rocky slopes.

  667. Polygala subspinosa  ______  GD  PD
    Spiny Milkwort 


    Family POLYGONACEAE  (Buckwheats)


    Genus CHORIZANTHE  ("Spine-Flowers")

  668. Chorizanthe brevicornu  ______  SD  (SW:145)  Flowers Mar-May. Green.
    Brittle Spineflower

  669. Chorizanthe rigida  ______  SD  (SW:146)  Flowers Mar-May. Green.
    Devil's Spineflower

    Another name for Chorizanthe rigida is Spiny-herb.


    Genus ERIOGONUM

  670. Eriogonum abertianum  (var. abertianum)  ______  SD  (SW:65)  Flowers Mar-Sep. White.
    Abert's Wild Buckwheat

  671. Eriogonum annum  ______  CD  
    Annual Buckwheat

    Eriogonum annum
    is the showiest of the Eriogonum species. In the Chihuahuan Desert, it replaces the Desert Trumpet. 

  672. Eriogonum bicolor  ______  PD
    Bicolored Buckwheat

  673. Eriogonum deflexum  ______  SD  (SW:66)  Flowers mostly Jul-Sep, but most of the year. White.
    Flat-topped Buckwheat 

    Another name for Eriogonum deflexum is Flat-topped Skeleton-weed. 

  674. Eriogonum fasciculatum  ______  SD  (SW:67)  Flowers Apr-Dec. White.
    California Buckwheat

    Another name for Eriogonum fasciculatum is Mohave Buckwheat. 

    Eriogonum fasciculatum
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Euphilotes battoides centralis, the Square-spotted Blue, Lycaena heteronea, the Blue Copper, Apodemia mormo mejicana, the Mormon Metalmark. 

  675. Eriogonum inflatum  ______  GD  MD  PD  SD  (SW:201)  Flowers Mar-Jul, sometimes Sep-Oct. Yellow.
    Desert Trumpet
    S: Guinagua  


    Other names for Eriogonum inflatum are Bladder Stem, Indianpipe Weed, Skeleton Weed.

    Eriogonum inflatum
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Apodemia mormo mejicana, the Mormon Metalmark

    The Desert Trumpet is the best known of the Eriogonum species.   


  676. Eriogonum ovalifolium  ______  GD
    Cushion Buckwheat 

  677. Eriogonum wrigthtii  ______  SD  
    Wright's Wild Buckwheat


    Genus POLYGONUM

  678. Polygonum lapathifolium  ______  SD  (SW:67)  Flowers Apr-Oct. White.
    Willow Weed 


    Genus RUMEX

  679. Rumex hymenosepalus  ______ CD  GD  MD  PD(where most abundant)  SD  (SW:221)  Flowers Mar-Apr. Red.
    Desert Rhubarb 
    (or Canaigre)
    S: Cana Agria

    Another name for Rumex hymenosepalus is Sand Dock.

    Rumex hymenosepalus
    is a host plant for the butterflies: Lycaena rubidus, the Ruddy Copper, Lycaena helloides, the Purpish Copper.


    Family PORTULACACEAE  (Purslanes)


    Genus CALANDRINA

  680. Calandrina ciliata  ______  SD  (SW:113)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Reddish-purple.
    Red Maids


    Genus PORTULACA  

    Occurs worldwide, in temperate and tropical regions, with about 200 species. 

  681. Portulaca oleracea  ______  SD  (SW:202)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Yellow.
    Purslane
    S: Verdolaga

    Another name for Portulaca oleracea is Little Hogweed.

  682. Portulaca mundula  ______  CD   
    Chisme

    Portulaca mundula is very similar to the Western Sea Purslane, Sesuvium verrucosum.  

  683. Portulaca suffrutescens  ______  SD  (SW:222)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Orange-red.
    Copper Purslane

    Of the native Portulaca, the Copper Purslane has the largest flowers, which open as the morning warms and close about mid-day.  

    AN EDIBLE PLANT:  
    Indigenous people in the American Southwest once used seeds from Portulaca suffrutescens and others in the genus to make mush and bread.


  684. Portulaca umbraticola  (var. coronata)  ______  SD  (SW:223)  Flowers Aug-Sep. Red.
    Crownpod Purslane

    Although it can be common, the Crownpod Purslane is often overlooked. The plant germinates and matures rapidly after summer rains, and the small but showy flowers open in the morning and close by mid-day.     


    Genus TALINUM

  685. Talinum aurantiacum  ______  SD  (SW:202)  Flowers Jul-Sep. Yellow-orange.  
    Orange Flameflower

  686. Talinum brevifolium  ______  
    Pygmy Talinum   


    Family RANUNCULACEAE  (Buttercups)


    Genus ANEMONE 

  687. Anemone tuberosa  ______  SD  (SW:68)  Flowers Feb-Apr. White.
    Desert Anemone


    Genus AQUILEGIA

  688. Aquilegia chrysantha  ______  SD  (SW:203)  Flowers Apr-Sep. Yellow.
    Golden Columbine


    Genus CLEMATIS

  689. Clematis drummondii  ______  SD  (SW:68)  Flowers Mar-Sep. White.
    Texas Virgin's Bower
    S: Barba de Chivato

  690. Clematis hirsutissima  ______
    Vase Flower 
    (or Sugar Bowls, Leather Flower

  691. Clematis ligusticifolia  ______
    White Virgin's Bower 
    (or Pipestems, Traveler's Joy)


    Genus DELPHINIUM

  692. Delphinium a. andersonii  ______  GD
    Delphinium abdersonii scaposum  ______  MD  PD  SD
    Anderson Larkspur

  693. Delphinium parishii  ______  SD  (SW:130)  Flowers Feb-Apr, to Jun in higher elevations. Blue. 
    Parish's Larkspur

    Delphinium parishii
    has been called Desert Larkspur. 


    Family RHAMNACEAE  (Buckthorns)


    Genus CEANOTHUS

  694. Ceanothus greggi  ______  PD
    Desert Mountain Lilac 

    Ceanothus greggi
    is a host plant for the butterfly: Satyrium saepium, the Hedgerow Hairstreak.

  695. Ceanothus intergerrimus  ______ 
    Deer Brush 

    Ceanothus intergerrimus is a host plant for the butterflies: Celastrina ladon, the Spring Azure, Nymphalis californica, the California Tortoiseshell. 
    It occurs on dry slopes in chaparral and open forests.

       


    Genus CONDALIA

  696. Condalia warnockii  ______  CD  SD
    Mexican Crucillo
    S: Abrojo


    Genus ZIZIPHUS  (
    closely related to CONDALIA)

  697. Ziziphus obtusifolia  ______  CD  MD  SD
    Graythorn


    Family ROSACEAE  (Roses)


    Genus CERCOCARPUS

  698. Cercocarpus intricatus  ______
    Dwarf Mountain Mahogony


    Genus COLEOGYNE

  699. Coleogyne ramosissima  ______  PD
    Blackbrush


    Genus FALLUGIA 

  700. Fallugia paradoxa  ______
    Apache Plume


    Genus PURSHIA  (or Cowania)

  701. Purshia mexicana  ______
    Cliff Rose 


    Family RUBIACEAE  (Madder, or Coffee Family)


    Genus BOUVARDIA 

  702. Bouvardia ternifolia  ______  SD  (SW:224)  Flowers May-Oct. Red. 
    Fire-cracker Bush
    S: Trompetilla

    Another name for Bouvardia ternifolia is Scarlet Trumpet.

    Bouvardia tenifolia is found by the upper limits of the Sonaran Desert, on cooler, brushy slopes in mountains.
    In southern Arizona, western Texas, and northern Mexico, it occurs between 3,000 and 9,000 feet above sea level.  


    Genus HEDYOTIS (or HOUSTONIA)

  703. Hedyotis acerosa  ______
    Needle-leaf Hedyotis


    Family RUTACEAE  (Citrus, or Rue)


    Genus THAMNOSMA

  704. Thamnosma montana  ______  SD  (SW:131)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Blue.
    Turpentine Broom


    Family SAURURACEAE  (Lizard Tails)


    Genus ANEMOPSIS

  705. Anemopsis californica  ______  SD  (SW:69)  Flowers May-Aug. White.
    Yerba Mansa  (taken from the Spanish name)
    S: Yerba Mansa

    MEDICINAL PLANT:
    The aromatic Yerba Mansa root has been put to many medicinal uses: treatment of abrasions, cut, and burns; a cure for a variety of gastrointestinal upsets; a poultice for rheumatism; and a tonic for blood purification. 

    Anemopsis california
    occurs in low, moist, saline, or alkaline places.


    Family SAPINDACEAE  (Soapberries)  


    Genus DODONAEA

  706. Dodonaea viscosa angustifolia (or Dodonaea angustifolia ______  SD
    Hopbush


    Genus SAPINDUS  (T)

  707. Sapindus drummondii  ______  CD  (in canyons, along streambanks, & on dry limestone outcrops)
    Western Soapberry   


    Family SCROPHULARIACEAE  (Snapdragons, or Figworts)


    Genus ANTIRRHINUM 

  708. Antirrhinum coulterianum  ______ 
    White Snapdragon

    White Snapdragon
    is found on brushy flats and on slopes with loose soil.

  709. Antirrhinum filipes  ______ 
    Yellow Twining Snapdragon

    Yellow Twining Snapdragon
    occurs in sandy deserts.


    Genus COLLINSIA 


    There are about 20 species in this genus.


  710. Collinsia heterophylla  ______  (occurs in sandy soil on shaded flats or slopes)
    Purple Chinese Houses
    (or Innocence)

    Few of California's spectacular wildflowers are as charming as the Purple Chinese Houses. The flowers grow in perfect rings around the stem, together forming a fairy-tale pagoda, the "Chinese Houses".   


    Genus CORDYLANTHUS

  711. Cordylanthus wrightii  ______  PD
    Wright Bird's -beak


    Genus KECKIELLA

  712. Keckiella antirrhinoides  ______  SD  (SW:204)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.
    Chaparral Bush-beardtongue 


    Another name for Keckiella antirrhinoides is Bush Penstemon.

    Keckiella antirrhinoides is a host plant for the butterfly: Euphydryas chalcedona, the Variable Checkerspot. 


    Genus LEUCOPHYLLUM

  713. Leucophyllum frutescens  ______  (in rocky, limestone plains, brushlands, and deserts)
    Texas Silver Leaf, Purple Sage
    S: Cenizo

    As one travels across Texas near the Mexican border, the olive-green of the Creosote Bush gives way to the gray of the Texas Silver Leaf, with its display of bright pink-lavender flowers. They burst into bloom for only a few days at a time, in the summer and fall, depending on rainfall.  

  714. Leucophyllum unius  ______  CD
    Big Bend Silver Leaf 


    Genus MAURANDELLA  

    A member of this genus, the Little Snapdragon Vine, that occurs in or near desert areas is in the list that follows of Trees, Shrubs, & Plants at Higher Places, "Islands in the Sky".

  715. Maurandella antirrhiniflora  ______  SD  (SW:115)  Flowers Apr-Oct. Purple. 
    Violet Twining Snapdragon

    Another name for Maurandella antirrhiniflora is Roving Sailor.

  716. Maurandella wislizenii  ______  CD  (ranging west into Arizona)  (among shrubs & on dunes)
    Dune Snapdragon Vine 
    (or Net-cup Snapdragon Vine)


    Genus MIMULUS

  717. Mimulus bigelovii  ______  SD  (SW:115)  Flowers Mar-Jun. Purple. 
    Yellow-throat Monkey-flower

    Another name for Mimulus bigelovii is Bigelow Monkey Flower.

  718. Mimulus cardinalis  ______  SD  (SW:225)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Red.
    Crimson Monkey-flower

  719. Mimulus guttatus  ______  SD  (SW:204)  Flowers Mar-Sep. Yellow.
    Yellow Monkey-flower

    Mimulus guttatus
    is also called the Common Monkey-flower.

  720. Mimulus parryi  ______
    Parry Monkey-flower



    Genus MOHAVEA

  721. Mohavea breviflora  ______  MD
    Short-flowered Mohavea

  722. Mohavea confertiflora  ______  MD  SD  (SW:205)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Yellow.  
    Ghost Flower

    Mohavea confertiflora
    is also called the Mohave Flower. It occurs in desert washes and on rocky slopes. 

    As true for so many desert annuals, the occurrence and abundance of the Ghost Flower varies with rainfall. 


    Genus NEOGAERRHINUM

  723. Neogaerrhinum filipes  ______  SD  (SW:206)  Flowers Feb-May. Yellow.
    Yellow Twining Snapdragon

    The Yellow Twining Snapdragon is extremely inconspicuous, but once it is noticed among shrubs in a wash, others can often be found nearby.


    Genus NUTTALLANTHUS

  724. Nuttallanthus canadensis  ______
    Blue Toadflax 
    (or Old-field Toadflax

  725. Nuttallanthus texanus  ______  SD  (SW:131)  Flowers Feb-May. Blue.
    Texas Toadflax  

    The Texas Toadflax is similar to the Blue Toadflax, but it is less common in the Southwest US. 
    Its flowers and seeds are larger.  


    Genus PENSTEMON

  726. Penstemon accuminatus  ______
    Sand-dune Penstemon

  727. Penstemon clevelandii  ______
    Cleveland Penstemon

  728. Penstemon confusus  ______
    Mistaken Penstemon

  729. Penstemon eatonii  ______  SD  (SW:226)  Flowers Feb-Jun. Red.
    Firecracker Penstemon

    Another name for Penstemon eatonii is Eaton's Firecracker.

  730. Penstemon palmeri  ______
    Scented Penstemon

  731. Penstemon parryi  ______   SD  (SW:116)  Flowers Feb-Apr. Purple.  
    Parry's Beardtongue  

    Another name for Penstemon parryi is Parry Penstemon. 

    The Parry Penstemon, a handsome species, is commonly included in highway seeding mixes. And so, its range has expanded. Along highways, it's possible to see spectacular splashes of color from this species, against grasses still brown from winter.  
    Penstemon parryi
    occurs on grassy or brushy slopes and flats.

  732. Penstemon pseudospectabilis  ______  SD  (SW:116)  Flowers Feb-May. Reddish-purple.
    Rosy Desert-Beardtongue

    Another name for Penstemon pseudospectabilis is High-Desert Penstemon. The plant occurs on arid slopes and in washes, up to 7,000 feet above sea level.

  733. Penstemon speciisus  ______
    Showy Penstemon

  734. Penstemon subulatus  ______  SD  (SW:226)  Flowers Feb-May. Red.
    Arizona Scarlet-bugler

  735. Penstemon superbus  ______  in southeast Arizona
    Superb Beardtongue

  736. Penstemon utahensis  ______
    Utah Penstemon 


    Family SIMMONDSIACEAE  (Jojobas)


    Genus SIMMONDSIA

  737. Simmondsia chinensis  ______  SD
    Jojoba
    S: Jojoba  


    Family SOLANACEAE  (Nightshades)


    Genus CHAMAESARACHA

  738. Chamaesarachia coronopus  ______  SD  (SW:69)  Flowers Apr-Sep. White.
    Green-leaf Five-Eyes

    Another name for Chamaesarachia coronopus has been False Nightshade. 

    EDIBLE PLANT:

    The tiny berries of Chamaesarachia coronopus were eaten by native Americans. 

  739. Chamaesaracha sordida  ______     
    Hairy Five-eyes

    Another name for Chamaesaracha sordida has been Dingy Chamaesaracha.

    Chamaesaracha species generally are common but not conspicuous. The corollas are dull, and the foliage often has an earthen hue. 


    Genus DATURA  (Thornapples)  (W)

  740. Datura wrightii  (or Datura meteloides) (ph)  ______  GD  SD  (SW:70)  Flowers May-Oct. White.
    Sacred Thornapple 
    S: Toloache

    Another name for Datura wrightii has been Downy Thornapple. 

    The Sacred Thornapple is unusual in its genus in that it is a perennial.



    Two photographs of the Sacred Thornapple. Below, in bloom.
    (both photos by Doris Potter)



  741. Datura innoxia  ______  
    Thornapple     

    Some botanists consider Datura innoxia as part of Datura wrightii. Extracts from both of these plants, and their other relatives, are narcotic and, when improperly prepared, lethal. The narcotic properties have been recorded throughout history. They once figured importantly in religious ceremonies of Native Americans in the Southwest US.

  742. Datura discolor  ______  SD  (an annual)
    Desert Thornapple   

  743. Datura stramonium ______  SD  (an annual)    
    Jimson Weed 
    (This common name is a corruption of "Jamestown Weed", so named because the plant grew near the homes of the Jamestown (Virginia) colonists.)

    The Jimson Weed was originally from Mexico. The plant was carried throughout much of the world for medicinal use. 
    The fruit has many small spines and does not hang. The corolla is only about 3 inches long. 


    Genus LYCIUM

  744. Lycium andersonii  ______
    Anderson Wolfberry

  745. Lycium fremontii  ______  SD
    Fremont Desert-Thorn 
    (or Wolfberry, Boxthorn)

  746. Lycium p. pallidum  ______  CD  GD  PD  SD
    Lycium pallidum oligospermum  ______  MD
    Pale Desert-Thorn

  747. Lycium torreyi  ______
    Torrey Wolfberry
    S: Tomatilla


    Genus NICOTIANA  

    All of these "Tobaccos" are poisonous. They are so strong-smelling and distasteful that livestock, and other animals, usually avoid them.     

  748. Nicotiana glauca  ______  SD  (SW:207)  Flowers mostly May-Sep, but throughout the year. Yellow.    
    Tree Tobacco
    S: Tabaco Amarillo
    , or Don Juan 

    The Tree Tobacco is a native plant of South America; now widespread in parts of the western US & into Mexico.  

  749. Nicotiana obtusifolia  ______  SD  (SW:71)  Flowers mostly Mar-Apr and Aug-Oct, but throughout the year. White.
    Desert Tobacco
    S: Tabaquillo  (
    meaning "little tobacco"), also called Punche ("a punch")

    The Desert Tobacco smoked, still to this day, by Native Americans in traditional ceremonies.

  750. Nicotiana attenuata  ______
    Coyote Tobacco
          


    Genus PHYSALIS  (Ground Cherries)  (W)

  751. Physalis acutifolia  ______  SD  (SW:71)  Flowers Jun-Sep. White.
    Sharp-leaf Groundcherry


  752. Physalis crassifolia  ______  SD  (SW:207)  Flowers Mar-May. Yellow.
    Yellow Groundcherry
    S: Tomatillo del Desierto

    Another name for Physalis crassiflia is Thick-leaf Groundcherry.

  753. Physalis hederifolia  ______  SD  (SW:146)  Flowers Apr-Aug. Green.
    Ivyleaf Groundcherry

  754. Physalis lobata  ______
    Lobed Groundcherry


    Genus QUINCULA  

    Formerly PHYSALIS, but the purple flower and the flat, scale-like hairs on the leaves are considered distinctive. 

  755. Quincula lobata  ______  SD  (SW:132)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Blue-purple.     
    Purple Groundcherry

    Another name for Quincula lobata is Chinese Lantern.

    The berry of the Purple Groundcherry is edible, but caution is advised, for the flower resembles some of those in the genus that follows here, SOLANIUM with both edible and deadly berries. 


    Genus SOLANUM  

    Potatoes and Eggplants are among the nonpoisonous and economically important plants in this huge genus.  (W)    

  756. Solanum americanum  ______
    Black Nightshade

  757. Solanum elaeagnifolium  (ph)  ______  GD  SD  (SW:133)  Flowers May-Oct. Blue-purple.  
    Silverleaf Nightshade



    Silverleaf Nightshade
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    The Silverleaf Nightshade has also had the common English names of Silver Horsenettle and White Horsenettle. 
    The star-like flowers of the plant are bluish-violet, violet, or lavender in color. Large patches of it, when in full bloom, are striking. 
    However, the. plant is an aggressive poisonous weed, that spreads steadily from deep rootstocks. In some US states, it is classified as a "noxious weed".

  758. Solanum carolinense  (ph)  ______  GD
    Carolina Horsenettle



    Carolina Horsenettle
    (photo by Doris Potter)

  759. Solanum dulcamara  ______
    Bittersweet Nightshade

  760. Solanum rostratum  ______  SD  (SW:208)  Flowers May-Aug. Yellow.
    Buffalo Bar
    S: Mala Mujer

    Abundant prickles help to discourage livestock from grazing on Buffalo Bar, which is a highly toxic plant.


    Family VERBENACEAE  (Vervains, Verbenas)


    Genus ALOYSIA

  761. Aloysia gratissima  ______
    Common Bee Bush

  762. Aloysia wrightii  ______  SD
    Oreganillo   


    Genus GLANDULARIA

  763. Glandularia hipinnatifida  ______  (in open fields & weedy areas)
    Western Pink Vervain
    S: Moradilla 
    (coming from "morado" meaning "purple", this Spanish name means "little purple one") 


    Genus PHYLA

  764. Phyla nodiflora  ______  SD  (SW:72)  Flowers Jun-Sep. White.
    Common Frog-fruit

    Another name for Phyla nodiflora is Turkey Tangle.


    Genus TETRACLEA

  765. Tetraclea coulteri  ______  SD  (SW:72)  Flowers Apr-Aug. White.
    Coulter's Wrinkle-fruit

    Flowers of Tetraclea coulteri open in the night and close quickly as the day warms.   


    Genus VERBENA

  766. Verbena gooddingii  ______  SD  (SW:117)  Flowers mostly Mar-Sep, but throughout the year. Pink-purple.
    Goodding's Vervain

    Another name for Verbena goodingii is Southwestern Verbena.

  767. Verbena neomexicana  ______
    Hillside Vervain

  768. Verbena perennis  ______
    Pinleaf Vervain

  769. Verbena wrightii  ______
    Desert Verbena




    Family VISCACEAE (or LORANTHACEAE)  (Mistletoes)


    Genus PHORADENDRON   
     

      
    Some members of the PHORADENDRON genus are host plants for the butterflies: Atlides halesus, the Great Purple Hairstreak, Callophrys spinetorum, the Thicket Hairstreak.  

  770. Phoradendron californicum  ______  SD   (in the desert from Nevada & southern California south to central Baja California & southern Sonora in Mexico) 
    Desert Mistletoe 

  771. Phoradendron macrophyllum  (ph) (*)  ______  GD  SD     
    Big-leaf Mistletoe  



    Big-leaf Mistletoe
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    Family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE  (Caltrops)


    Genus FAGONIA

  772. Fagonia laevis ______  MD  SD  (SW:117)  Flowers Jan-Apr, sometimes Oct.  
    California Fagonia

    California Fagonia
    occurs on rocky slopes and in washes in deserts.


    Genus KALLSTROEMIA

  773. Kallstroemia grandiflora  ______  SD  (SW:227)  Flowers Feb-Sep. Orange-red.
    Desert Poppy  


    Other names for Kallstroemia grandiflora are Arizona Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Summer Poppy, and Orange Caltrop. It occurs in open sandy areas in deserts.

    The Desert Poppy, and other species in the same genus, are not true poppies, nor even are they close relatives. But they resemblance is there. Large patches provide a display as brilliant and spectacular as those of the California Poppy, Eschscholzia californica.    

  774. Kallstroemia parviflora  ______  SD  (with smaller flowers than K. grandiflora, that are orange)  
    Small-flowered Carpetweed


  775. Kallstroemia californica  ______  SD  (with smaller flowers than K. grandiflora, that are yellow)
    California Carpetweed


    Genus LARREA  (S)

  776. Larrea tridentata  ______  CD  MD  SD 
    Creosote Bush
    S: Gobernadora

    Creosote Bushes are adapted to desert living. Where they are the dominant plants, they often grow in evenly spaced rows - a "self-imposed" method of rationing water. A strong-smelling resin coats the leaves, reducing moisture loss.   

    Larrea tridentata is the most common and widespread shrub in 3 of the 4 North American deserts. Cold winters exclude it from the Great Basin Desert. It is especially common in well-drained soils of "bajadas" or alluvial fans, and on flats.  

    The Creosote Bush is generally an insect-pollinated plant, but it is a nectar source for the Costa's Hummingbird, Calypte costae. 

    Larrea tridentata
    was conspecific with Larrea divaricaa of South America.  


    Genus TRIBULUS

  777. Tribulus terrestris  ______  SD  (SW:209)  Flowers Mar-Oct. Yellow. (Not native to America, from the Mediterranean)
    Goat Head
    S: Torito, or Tobosco

    Another name for Tribulus terrestris is Puncture Vine.  


    ___________________________________________________________________________________




    Trees, Flowers, & Other Plants in Higher Country near the Deserts: 

    THE FLORA OF "ISLANDS IN THE SKY" 




    Family APIACEAE  (Carrots)


    Genus ERYNGIUM


  778. Eryngium heterophyllum  ______  (in sandy soil in grasslands, open woods, and along watercourse, usually in mountains)
    E: Mexican Thistle 


    Family BERBERIDACEAE  (Barberries)


    Genus BERBERIS


  779. Berberis aquifolium  ______  (in open pine forests)
    E: Oregon Grape


    Family BRASSICACEAE  (Mustards)


    Genus DRABA


  780. Draba oligoperma  ______
    E: Comb Draba


    Family CAMPANULACEAE  (Bellflowers)


    Genus LOBELIA

  781. Lobelia anatina  ______
    E: Southwestern Blue Lobelia

  782. Lobelia cardinalis  ______  CD
    E: Scarlet Lobelia, Cardinal Flower

    The Scarlet Lobelia attracts hummingbirds, that feed on the insects and pollinate the flowers.


    Family COMMELINACEAE  (Spiderworts)


    Genus COMMELINA


  783. Commelina dianthifolia  ______  (occurs among pinon, other pines, and junipers)
    E: Western Dayflower

  784. Commelina erecta  ______
    E: Slender Dayflower
    S: Hierba de Pollo  (means "herb of the chicken")


    Genus TRADESCANTIA

  785. Tradescantia pinetorium  ______
    E: Pine Spiderwort 


    Family CUPRESSACEAE  (T)


    Genus CUPRESSUS  (Cypresses)

  786. Cupressus arizonica  ______  CD,SD
    E: Arizona Cypress 



    Genus JUNIPERUS  (Junipers)

  787. Juniperus flaccida  ______  CD
    E: Drooping Juniper 
    (also called Weeping Juniper

  788. Juniperus deppeana  ______  CD
    E: Alligator Juniper    

  789. Juniperus pinchotii  ______  CD
    E: Redberry Juniper 

  790. Juniperus osteosperma  _____  GD
    E: Utah Juniper, Bigberry Juniper 

  791. Juniperus scopulorum  (ph) (*)   ______  GD
    E: Rocky Mountain Juniper




    Rocky Mountain Juniper
    (photo by Doris Potter)


    Family FABACEAE  (Legumes, Peas)


    Genus LOTUS

  792. Lotus wrightii  ______  GD  (found mainly among Ponderosa Pine and among pinyon and juniper
    E: Wright's Deer Vetch

    Wright's Deer Vetch is a favored browse for deer and domestic livestock.
    As with many species in the pea family, it has an intricate method of pollination that generally requires the aid of insects.


    Genus THERMOPSIS

  793. Thermopsis rhombifolia montana  ______  (in meadows and coniferous forest openings) 
    E: Yellow Pea, Golden Pea, Buck Bean


    Genus TRIFOLIUM

  794. Trifolium wormskioldii  ______
    E: Cow Clover  


    Family FAGACEAE   (Beeches) (T)


    Genus QUERCUS  (Oaks)

  795. Quercus grisea  ______  CD
    E: Gray Oak

  796. Quercus emoryi ______  CD 
    E: Emory Oak

  797. Quercus gravesii  ______  CD
    E: Graves Oak 

  798. Quercus intricata ______  CD  (in the US known only in the Eagle & Chisos Mountains of west Texas)   
    E: Coahuila Scrub Oak 

  799. Quercus pungens vaseyana  ______  CD
    E: Vasey Oak 

  800. Quercus graciliformis  ______  CD  (endemic to Chisos Mountains of west Texas) 
    E: Chisos Oak

  801. Quercus tardifolia  ______  CD  (occurs only locally in the Chisos Mountains of west Texas) 
    E: Lateleaf Oak 


    Family GENTIANACEAE


    Genus GENTIANELLA

  802. Gentianella amarella  ______  (In meadows and moist areas in mountains) 
    E: North Gentian


    Genus SWERTIA  (this genus has been merged with FRASERA)

  803. Swertia radiata  (formerly Frasera speciosa  ______
    E: Monument Plant, Deer's Ears

     

    Family IRIDACEAE  (Irises) 


    Genus SISYRINCHIUM  

  804. Sisyrinchum cernuum  ______
    E: Yellow-eyed
    (or Golden-eyed) Grass

  805. Sisrinchum longipes  ______
    E: Yellow-eyed
    (or Golden-eyed) Grass

  806. Sisrinchum arizonicum  ______
    E: Arizona Golden-eyed Grass


    Family LILIACEAE  (Lilies)


    Genus ALLIUM

  807. Allium acuminaum  ______  (in open country, often on rocky slopes among brush and pines)
    E: Hooker's Onion

  808. Allium cernuum  ______  (in moist soil in sagebrush and woods)
    E: Nodding Onion


    Genus CALOCHORTUS

  809. Calochortus nuttallii  ______  (in dry soil in sagebrush and in open pine woods)
    E: Sego Lily


    Family LINACEAE  (Flaxes)


    Genus LINUM

  810. Linum perenne  ______  (found in prairies and meadows, and on open mountain slopes)  
    E: Wild Blue Flax  (or Western Blue Flax)

    Several Native American tribes used Wild Blue Flax to make rope.


    Family MALVACEAE  (Mallows)


    Genus SIDALCEA

  811. Sidalcea neomexicana  ______
    E; Checkermallow


    Family MONOTROPACEAE


    Genus MONOTROPA


  812. Monotropa uniflora  ______
    E: Indian Pipe


    Genus PTEROSPORA

  813. Pterospora andromedea  ______  (especially common in the western US under Ponderosa Pines) 
    E: Pinedrops


    Family ONAGRACEAE  (Evening Primroses)


    Genus CHAMERION


  814. Chamerion angustifolium  ______ (in disturbed and cool areas; frequently along highways, and in burned areas)
    E: Fireweed


    Genus GAURA

  815. Gaura coccinea  ______  (in sandy soil among pinyons and junipers)
    E: Scarler Gaura


    Family ORCHIDACEAE  (Orchids)


    Genus HEXALECTRIS


  816. Hexalectris warnockii  ______  CD  (the most common Hexalectris in Big Bend National Park; also occurs in southeastern Arizona)
    E: Texas Purple Spike

    The Texas Purple Spike is one of 5 Hexalectris orchids in the Southwest US.


    Genus LISTERA

  817. Listera convallarioides  ______  (in southern Arizona, in addition to other places in much of North America; also in Asia)
    E: Broad-leafed Twayblade


    Genus SPIRANTHES

  818. Spiranthes romanzoffiana  ______
    E: Hooded Ladies' Tresses


    Family OXALIDACEAE  (Wood Sorrels)


    Genus OXALIS

  819. Oxalis violacea  ______  
    E: Violet Wood Sorrel

  820. Oxalis alpina  ______  (from northern New Mexico & central Arizona south to Guatemala) 
    E: Mountain Wood Sorrel 

  821. Oxalis decaphylla  ______  (in the Southwest US & Mexico)
    E: Ten-leaved Wood Sorrel  


    Family PINACEAE  (T)


    Genus PINUS   (Pines & Pinyons)

  822. Pinus ponderosa  ______  CD
    E: Ponderosa Pine 


  823. Pinus cembroides  ______  CD  
    E: Mexican Pinyon   
     


    Family POLEMONIACEAE  (Phloxes)


    Genus GILIA


  824. Gilia rigidula  ______
    E: Blue Gilia 


    Genus LINANTHUS

  825. Linanthus nuttallii  ______
    E: Nuttall's Linanthus


    Family POLYGONACEAE  (Buckwheats)


    Genus POLYGONUM

  826. Polygonum bistortoides  ______  (in moist mountain meadows & streamsides)
    E: Western Bistort, Smokeweed


    Family PRIMULACEAE  (Primroses)


    Genus DODECATHEON 

  827. Dodecatheon alpinum  ______
    E: Alpine Shooting Star

  828. Dodecatheon dentatum  ______
    E: White Shooting Star  (or Dentate Shooting Star)

  829. Dodecatheon pulchellum  ______
    E: Few-flowered Shooting Star 


    Family ROSACEAE


    Genus POTENTILLA

  830. Potentilla thurberi  ______  (in rich soil in coniferous forests, damp meadows, and along streams)
    E: Red Cinquefoil 


    Family RUBIACEAE   (Madders)


    Genus BOUVARDIA


  831. Bouvarddia ternifolia  ______
    E: Scarlet Bouvardia
    S: Trompetilla  (means "little trumpet", referring to the shape of the corolla)  

    The spectacular red corolla of the Scarlet Bouvardia attracts, and provides nectar for, hummingbirds.


    Family SAXIFRAGACEAE  (Saxifrages)


    Genus HENCHERA


  832. Henchera sanguinea  ______  (found in moist, shaded, rocky places)
    E: Coral Bells


    Genus SAXIFRAGA

  833. Saxifraga rhomboidea  ______  (in moist places in hills with sagebrush)
    E: Diamondleaf Saxifrage


    Family SCROPHULARIACEAE  (Snapdragons, or Figworts)


    Genus CORDYLANTHUS  (Birdbeaks - nearly 40 species occur in the western US) 


  834. Cordylanthus wrightii  ______  
    (on open sandy areas on plains & in pine forests)
    E: Wright's Birdbeak


    Genus MAURANDYA

  835. Maurandya antirrhiniflora  ______  (in sandy and gravelly soil in deserts, at times on rock walls and among pinyons & junipers)
    E: Little Snapdragon Vine, Violet Twining


    Genus PENSTEMON:  a huge genus, with several having beautiful blue-violet flowers and narrow leaves)

  836. Penstemon barbatus  ______  (on dry rocky slopes in open forests)
    E: Goldenbeard Penstemon

  837. Penstemon linarioides  ______  (in open, often rocky soil at moderate elevations)
    E: Narrowleaf Penstemon

    The Narrowleaf Penstemon is a common member of the genus in dry open woodlands in the Southwest US.

  838. Penstemon palmeri  ______   (in open, rocky areas among sagebrush, pinyons & junipers, and pinewoods) 
    E: Balloon Flower


    Family STERCULIACEAE  (Cacaos)


    Genus FREMONTODENDRON


  839. Fremontodendron californicum  ______  (on dry slopes in brush or pine forests)
    E: Flannel Brush, Fremontia

  840. Fremontodendron mexicanum  ______
    E: Mexican Fremontia


    Family VERBENACEAE  (Verbenas)


    Genus VERBENA  


    There are several species in the VERBANA genus that are tall and with either thick or slender spikes of flowers. 
    These Vervains are not easy to distinguis from one another. 


  841. Verbena macdougalii  ______
    E: New Mexico Vervain

    The New Mexico Vervain resembles members of the Mint Family (LAMIACEAE), but it lacks the aromatic odor.
    It has relatively thick spikes.  
       


    Family VIOLACEAE  (Violets)  

    In this family totally, there are about 16 genera and 800 species, found nearly throughout the world.


    Genus VIOLA


  842. Viola adunca  ______  (in meadows & on open slopes from sea level to the timberline)
    E: Blue Violet 

    _____________________________________________________________________________________


    DESERT GRASSES
    (native)


    Genus MUHLENBERGIA

  843. Muhlenbergia emersleyi  ______  SD
    E: Bull Grass


    Genus BOTHRIOCHLOA

  844. Bothriochloa (formerly Andropogon) barbinodis    ______  SD
    E: Cane Beardgrass 


    Genus BOUTELOUA  (HILARIA)

  845. Bouteloua chondrosioides
    Bouteloua eriopoda
    Bouteloua gracilis
    Bouteloua hirsuta
    Hilaria belangeri   ______  SD
    E: Curly Mesquite Grasses, Gramas  

  846. Bouteloua breviseta  ______  CD

  847. Bouteloua eriopoda  ______  CD
    E: Black Grama


    Genus SETARIA

  848. Setaria macrostachya  ______  SD
    E: Plains Bristlegrass 


    Genus ERAGROSTIS

  849. Eragrostis intermedia  ______  SD
    E: Plains Lovegrass


    Genus ELYMUS

  850. Elymus elymoides  (formerly Sitanion hystrix)  ______  SD
    E: Squirrel Tail 


    Genus DIGITARIA

  851. Digitaria californica  ______  SD
    E: Arizona Cottontop


    Genus STIPA

  852. Stipa speciosa  ______  SD
    E: Desert Needlegrass 


    Genus HETEROPOGON

  853. Heteropogon contortus  ______  SD
    E: Tanglehead


    Genus ARISTIDA  (Threeawns)

  854. Aristida purpurea  ______  SD
    E: Purple Threeawn

  855. Aristida parishii  ______  SD
    E: 

  856. Aristida ternipes  ______  SD
    E: 

  857. Aristida californica  ______  SD
    E:


    Genus CENCHRUS  (Sandburs)

  858. X  ______
    X



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